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Relationship between Essential Fatty Acid Composition of Sediments and Species Richness of Benthic Animals in Paddy Field Ecosystems 稻田生态系统沉积物必需脂肪酸组成与底栖动物物种丰富度的关系
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.17
Yukio Osada, Megumu Fujibayashi, C. Maruo, Shinji Takahashi, Nobuyuki Tanaka, O. Nishimura
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are used as an indicator of food source quality for animals. However, it is not clear whether the EFA composition of food sources is a good indicator of the abundance and richness of animals in ecosystems. In this study, field surveys of paddy fields were conducted to clarify the relationship between benthic animals and the EFA composition of sediment as a potential food source for those animals. We investigated sediment and benthic animals in several paddy fields in Miyagi prefecture from 2009 to 2011. We analyzed the EFA composition and Chl-a in sediment and identified the benthic animals present. We found a positive relationship (p < 0.05) between the concentration of 20:5ω3 in sediment and the number of families of benthic animals. It was considered that diatoms, widely known to be a producer of 20:5ω3, are diversity marker of benthic animals in paddy fields.
必需脂肪酸(EFAs)被用作动物食物来源质量的指标。然而,目前尚不清楚食物来源的EFA组成是否是生态系统中动物丰度和丰富度的良好指标。本研究通过稻田实地调查,阐明底栖动物与作为底栖动物潜在食物来源的沉积物EFA组成之间的关系。2009 - 2011年对宫城县稻田沉积物和底栖动物进行了调查。我们分析了沉积物中的EFA组成和Chl-a,并确定了底栖动物的存在。我们发现沉积物中20:5ω3浓度与底栖动物科数呈正相关(p < 0.05)。硅藻是水田底栖动物的多样性标志,它是一种众所周知的20:5ω3的生产者。
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引用次数: 1
A Study of Why the Number of Coliform Bacteria Did Not Decrease in Higashi-Yokobori River—Dotonbori River Despite the Completion of the New Stormwater Storage Pipe “Heisei no Taiko Gesui” 东-横取河-道顿堀河在新蓄洪管道“平成-大肠菌群”建成后大肠菌群数量未减少的原因研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.189
Akira Oshima, M. Kitano
Sewer stormwater overflow, one of the causes of water pollution in Higashi-Yokobori River–Dotonbori River that flow through central Osaka, has been stored in a rainwater storage pipe called “ Heisei no Taiko Gesui ” since April 2015, but the number of coliform bacteria in both rivers did not decrease significantly. If the pipe is working, the number of coliform bacteria at a downstream point should depend on the number at the upstream point, flowing time, and water temperature. Thus, the decay rates of coliform bacteria were determined experimentally, and the predicted numbers of coliform bacteria at the downstream point were compared with the expected values obtained by the Monte Carlo method. The predicted values tended to be underestimated because the obtained decay rates did not reflect the effects of sunlight and other factors. However, the differences between the expected and predicted values after completion become close regardless of the weather, indicating that the pipe is functioning. It was considered that the number of coliform bacteria has not declined in both rivers because the increased load from the upstream cancelled the reduction effect of the pipe.
从2015年4月开始,流经大阪市中心的东横取河、道顿堀河的污水溢出物被储存在“平成河大肠菌群”的雨水储存管道中,但大肠菌群的数量并没有明显减少。如果管道正在工作,下游点的大肠菌群数量应取决于上游点的数量、流动时间和水温。因此,通过实验确定了大肠菌群的衰变速率,并将下游点大肠菌群的预测数量与蒙特卡罗方法得到的预测值进行了比较。预测值往往被低估,因为得到的衰变率没有反映阳光和其他因素的影响。然而,无论天气如何,完井后的预期值与预测值之间的差异都很接近,这表明管柱仍在正常工作。据认为,由于上游负荷的增加抵消了管道的减少作用,两条河流中大肠菌群的数量并没有下降。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing Annual Newsletters of Local Association for Protection of Waga River: Water Quality Monitoring for Closed Mines and Long-term Changes in Related Topics in Newsletters 分析当地瓦加河保护协会的年度通讯:关闭矿山的水质监测和通讯中相关主题的长期变化
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.183
Y. Shibata, Y. Iwasaki, Shion Takemura, T. Yasutaka, Toru Takahashi, H. Matsuda
A local association, “Wagagawa no seiryu wo mamoru kai” (The Association for Protection of Clean Water of the Waga River), was established by diverse stakeholders to protect the “clean” Waga River in 1972. As a major activity, the association has been monitoring the water quality (pH and concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As) of discharges from closed mines and downstream river sites, and reporting the results in their annual newsletter. To understand how information should be disclosed, it is worth noting that all the monitoring results, including the exceedance of mine discharge standards of the above-mentioned metals, have been made public and discussed in the newsletters. The analysis of the text of the annual newsletters published in 1972-2019 showed long-term primary changes in topics, that is, from (1) initial concern about general environmental pollution to (2) water quality monitoring and measures for preventing environmental pollution by closed mines to (3) the protection of natural environments including aquatic organisms. Our results would contribute to further analysis and discussion of the activities of this association to consider purpose-driven flexible environmental management in abandoned and closed mines in Japan.
1972年,为了保护“干净”的和加河,多方利益相关者成立了一个名为“和加河清洁水保护协会”的地方协会。作为一项主要活动,该协会一直在监测关闭矿山和下游河流排放的水质(pH值和铜、锌、镉、铅和砷的浓度),并在其年度通讯中报告结果。为了了解信息应该如何公开,值得注意的是,所有的监测结果,包括上述金属的矿山排放超标,都在通讯中进行了公开和讨论。通过对1972-2019年出版的年度通讯文本的分析,发现主题的长期主要变化,即从(1)最初对一般环境污染的关注,到(2)水质监测和防止封闭矿山污染环境的措施,再到(3)保护包括水生生物在内的自然环境。我们的结果将有助于进一步分析和讨论该协会的活动,以考虑在日本废弃和关闭的矿山中进行目的驱动的灵活环境管理。
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引用次数: 0
Field Test of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (UV-LED) Apparatuses as an Option of Decentralized Water Treatment Technologies 紫外发光二极管(UV-LED)装置作为分散式水处理技术的一种选择的现场试验
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.119
K. Oguma, S. Watanabe
Assuming application in areas with difficulties in installing, maintaining and operating large-scale water supply systems, the effectiveness of decentralized systems was examined by a one-year field test of disinfection apparatuses equipped with ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) at a faucet supplying untreated water from a mountain stream. The untreated water was sporadically positive with Escherichia coli and had a high heterotrophic plate count (HPC) of bacteria exceeding the target value of drinking water, indicating the need of disinfection process for potable use. In UV-LED treated water, both the concentration and the positive ratio of bacteria decreased, and the maximum concentration of positive samples for E. coli, total coliforms, standard plate count and HPC were 0.5, 1.0, 6.0 and 485 CFU mL, respectively. One model of the UV-LED apparatus achieved all-negative detection of E. coli throughout the one-year test period. No apparatus showed any notable trend of performance deterioration for HPC inactivation with operation time, and scale formation was not apparent inside the body of the apparatuses after the test. This study shows the potential of UV-LED apparatuses as an option of decentralized water treatment technologies.
假设在难以安装、维护和操作大型供水系统的地区应用,分散系统的有效性通过在山间溪流供应未经处理的水的水龙头上配备紫外线发光二极管(UV-LED)的消毒设备进行为期一年的现场测试来检验。未经处理的水零星呈大肠杆菌阳性,细菌异养平板计数(HPC)高于饮用水目标值,说明饮用水需要消毒处理。在UV-LED处理后的水中,细菌浓度和阳性比例均下降,大肠杆菌、总大肠菌群、标准平板计数和HPC阳性样品的最大浓度分别为0.5、1.0、6.0和485 CFU mL。其中一种型号的UV-LED仪器在一年的测试期间实现了大肠杆菌的全阴性检测。HPC失活后,未见仪器性能随操作时间的明显下降趋势,试验结束后,仪器体内无明显结垢现象。这项研究显示了UV-LED设备作为分散式水处理技术的一种选择的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Source and Decomposition of Organic Matter in the Estuary of Yodo River 游渡河河口有机质来源及分解
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.87
Kaho Watanabe, S. Kobayashi, Masaki Fuchi, S. Asaoka, M. Hayashi
The inner part of Osaka Bay in Japan is affected by eutrophication, and the western part of the bay is affected by oligotrophic conditions. In this study, the distribution, sources, and decomposition rate of organic nitrogen ( Org-N ) in the estuarine region of Osaka Bay, defined as the region from the mouth of the Yodo River to the bay head, were studied to elucidate the cause of this uneven distribution of nutrients in the bay. Concentrations of Org-N are much higher in the estuary region than in freshwater areas or in the bay itself. Particulate organic nitrogen, which potentially sinks toward the bottom, accounted for 74 ± 11% of Org-N. The decomposition rate of dissolved organic nitrogen over 100 days, which is potentially supplied to the sea with low-salinity water, was 29 ± 4%. These results regarding the decomposition rate of organic matter in the estuarine region of Osaka Bay may improve the accuracy of models of the impact of land-sourced nutrient load on nutrient conditions in the bay.
日本大阪湾内部受富营养化影响,海湾西部受少营养化影响。本研究通过对大阪湾河口地区有机氮(orgn)的分布、来源和分解速率进行研究,以阐明海湾中营养物质分布不均匀的原因。大阪湾河口地区定义为从Yodo河口到海湾头的区域。河口地区的有机物氮浓度远高于淡水地区或海湾本身。颗粒有机氮占有机氮的74±11%,可能下沉到底部。溶解有机氮在100天内的分解率为29±4%,可能以低盐度的水供应给海洋。这些关于大阪湾河口地区有机物分解速率的结果可能提高陆地源养分负荷对海湾营养状况影响模型的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Treatment Performance of Water Purification Unit for Reclaimed Wastewater of Independent Toilet 净水装置对独立卫生间再生废水的处理性能
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.69
R. Yokote, T. Taniguchi, A. Hashimoto, K. Nakano
The objective of this study is to develop a toilet independent of infrastructure, that is, electricity, water and sewerage. The treatment performance of the water purification unit to reclaime wastewater for toilet usage with minimum running energy for the circulation of water was tested. The chromaticity of reclaimed wastewater was maintained at less than 30 degrees after the total number of times of toilet use reached 897 (218 excremental and 679 urinal uses). Since the complete elimination of Escherichia coli using only the water purification unit was difficult, it was found that some disinfection countermeasure would be necessary to maintain hygienic safety. The removal efficiencies for CODMn, total nitrogen and total phosphorus estimated from the total number of times of toilet use and the final water quality of reclaimed wastewater were approximately 99%, 83% and 98%, respectively, despite the frequency of toilet usage. These results confirmed that the water purification unit consisting of a multistage filtration bed could stably reclaim wastewater for reuse in the toilet.
本研究的目的是开发一个独立于基础设施的厕所,即电、水和污水。试验了该净水器以最小的运行能量回收厕所用废水进行循环水的处理性能。在厕所使用次数达到897次(218次为粪便,679次为小便)后,再生废水的色度保持在30度以下。由于仅使用净水装置难以完全消除大肠杆菌,因此需要采取一些消毒措施以保持卫生安全。根据厕所使用次数和再生废水的最终水质估算,尽管厕所使用频率不同,但对CODMn、总氮和总磷的去除率分别约为99%、83%和98%。这些结果证实了多级过滤床组成的净水装置可以稳定地回收废水用于厕所回用。
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引用次数: 0
Effluent Load at an Irrigation and Drainage Pump Station, Originating from Paddy Fields in the Inbanuma Basin 灌溉和排水泵站的污水负荷,源自Inbanuma流域的稻田
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.133
Satoko Yokoyama, Takahiro Tannzawa, T. Hoshino, M. Mayuzumi, Katsumasa Hanno
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引用次数: 0
GIS Analysis of Eighteen-year Trend in Land Use, Runoff, and Nonpoint Load Characteristics in the Lake Biwa–Yodo River Basin 琵琶湖-悠悠河流域18年土地利用、径流和非点源负荷特征的GIS分析
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.141
K. Wada, Masahisa Nakamura, Keisuke Sato, H. Tsuno, Shinya Fukuju
Making use of relevant Geographic Information System (GIS) data, an attempt was made to analyze the changes in the magnitude and spatial distribution of the land-based sources of nonpoint pollution loads for the entire Lake Biwa– Yodo River Basin over the 18-year period between 1991 and 2009. Specifically, the magnitudes per unit area of the runoff coefficient and of the COD, T-N and T-P pollutant loads, respectively, were computed and displayed as GIS visual images. The resulting GIS outputs indicate that the runoff coefficient increased along the riparian zones of rivers and around the lakeshore in the middle and lower basin regions, except for the mountainous regions. This implies that the pollutants flow directly into the immediately adjacent receiving waterbodies. Also, the trends of water pollutants were found to be affected by the unit load. The runoff coefficient and the COD loads were related with the progress of urbanization, indicating that the increase and decrease in T-N and T-P pollutant loads were caused by the conversion of land mainly from paddy agriculture to other agricultural purposes. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the results displayed in the form of GIS outputs are useful not only for numerical assessment but also for the assessment of spatial distributions.
利用地理信息系统(GIS)相关数据,分析了1991—2009年整个琵琶湖—游渡河流域近18年来陆源非点源污染负荷的变化幅度和空间分布特征。具体而言,计算了单位面积径流系数的大小以及COD、T-N和T-P污染物负荷的大小,并将其显示为GIS可视化图像。结果表明,除山区外,中下游流域沿河流河岸带和湖岸周边径流系数增加。这意味着污染物直接流入紧邻的接收水体。水污染物的变化趋势也受到机组负荷的影响。径流系数和COD负荷与城市化进程相关,表明T-N和T-P污染物负荷的增减主要是由水田农业向其他农业转化引起的。综上所述,以GIS输出形式显示的结果不仅对数值评估有用,而且对空间分布的评估也有用。
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引用次数: 1
Minimum Nutrient Concentrations for Sustaining Marine Ecosystem Productivity: Measurement during in situ Growth Experiments of Bivalve and Sessile Organisms 维持海洋生态系统生产力的最低营养浓度:双壳类和无柄生物原位生长实验期间的测量
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.175
T. Fujiwara, K. Higuchi, T. Fujii
The relationship between seawater nutrient concentrations and ecosystem production was studied by in situ growth experiments, which have been conducted along the nutrient concentration gradient from the eutrophic Osaka Bay head to the oligotrophic adjoining Harima Sea. Bivalves (asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum) were cultured in suspended cargo, and sessile organisms were collected on a suspended plate at each station. The distribution of the primary production was also calculated within the study area. The wet weight of the molluscous part and the condition index of asari clam are strongly correlated with the annual mean total nitrogen (TN). The primary production (PP) is significantly correlated with TN in the area of TN > 0.2 mg L. In contrast, PP is small and of a pelagic nature in the area of TN ≦ 0.2 mg L. The annual mean TN is strongly correlated with TP, and TN = 0.2 mg L is equivalent to TP = 0.029 mg L.
通过原位生长试验,研究了富营养化的大阪湾湾头向富营养化邻近的Harima海的营养盐浓度梯度与生态系统生产的关系。在悬挂货物中培养双壳类(asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum),并在每个站点的悬挂板上收集无根生物。计算了研究区内初级生产的分布。蛤蚌软体部分湿重和状态指数与年平均总氮(TN)有较强的相关性。在TN > 0.2 mg L区域,初级生产量(PP)与TN显著相关,而在TN≦0.2 mg L区域,PP较小,属于远洋性质,年平均TN与TP密切相关,TN = 0.2 mg L相当于TP = 0.029 mg L。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis Method for Total Nitrogen in Chlorinated Wastewater Containing Ammonium Nitrogen from Sewage Treatment Plant 污水处理厂含铵氮氯化废水中总氮的分析方法
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.43.35
Manabu Kashiwabara, K. Hata, Masaya Matsuki, Takaoki Koga, Toyokazu Koga, Shusaku Hirakawa, Y. Kurokawa, T. Miyawaki, N. Shimizu, Gensei Matsumoto, Yuko Ishibashi, H. Yamanishi
The total nitrogen concentration in chlorinated wastewater from a sewage treatment plant included a large amount of ammonium nitrogen as determined by a measurement method established by the Water Pollution Prevention Act, but it was less than the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The total nitrogen concentration may have been underestimated because some of the chloramines in the sample changed to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide gas under alkaline conditions. Therefore, we evaluated a novel pretreatment method for total nitrogen analysis. The recovery rate of total nitrogen in a sample including 1 mg L -1 ammonium nitrogen and 1 mg L -1 available chlorine from sodium hypochlorite was enhanced to 98% by the addition of 50 mmol L -1 sodium sulfite solution, which accounted for at least 0.4 vol% of the sample. Additionally, a recovery test was carried out with some real samples. The recovery rates of total nitrogen in wastewater from the sewage treatment plant and in water from the environment around the plant were 100-104% after the addition of 50 mmol L -1 sodium sulfite solution.
根据《水污染防治法》规定的测量方法,某污水处理厂氯化废水中总氮浓度含有大量铵态氮,但低于溶解态无机氮浓度。总氮浓度可能被低估了,因为样品中的一些氯胺在碱性条件下变成了氮气或氧化亚氮气体。因此,我们评估了一种新的总氮分析前处理方法。对含有1 mg L -1铵态氮和1 mg L -1有效氯的次氯酸钠样品,添加50 mmol L -1亚硫酸钠溶液可使总氮的回收率提高到98%,至少占样品的0.4 vol%。并对一些实际样品进行了回收试验。添加50 mmol L -1亚硫酸钠溶液后,污水处理厂废水及周围环境水中总氮的回收率为100-104%。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment
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