Biochar amendment offers a chance for sustainable agriculture. However, the effectiveness of biochar relies on its physical and chemical properties, which are heavily affected by biochar production conditions and management practices. Therefore, substantial uncertainties regarding the use of biochar exist in agricultural systems globally. This study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the impacts of biochar characteristics and management practices on key ecosystem services by performing a second-order meta-analysis based on 34,628 paired observations in biochar-amended and unamended systems. Overall, biochar enhances phytotoxicity alleviation, physiology regulation, soil remediation and carbon sequestration, and microbial functional gene abundance. However, some prominent trade-offs exist between crop productivity and ecosystem service deliveries including for nutrient cycling, microbial function, climate change mitigation, and the soil microbial community). The adoption of low C:N biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures from sewage sludge-derived feedstock, in combination with a moderate application rate and inorganic fertilizer input, shows potential for achieving synergistic promotion of crop productivity and ecosystem services. These outcomes highlight the need for judicious implementation of biochar-based solutions to site-specific soil constraints. The quantified synergy and tradeoff relationships will aid the establishment of a sustainable biochar development framework that strengthens necessary ecosystem services commensurate with food security assurance.
{"title":"Biochar induced trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and crop productivity","authors":"Jinxia Wang, Qiu Huang, Kai Peng, Dayang Yang, Guozhen Wei, Yunfei Ren, Yixuan Wang, Xiukang Wang, Nangia Vinay, Shikun Sun, Yanming Yang, Fei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar amendment offers a chance for sustainable agriculture. However, the effectiveness of biochar relies on its physical and chemical properties, which are heavily affected by biochar production conditions and management practices. Therefore, substantial uncertainties regarding the use of biochar exist in agricultural systems globally. This study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the impacts of biochar characteristics and management practices on key ecosystem services by performing a second-order meta-analysis based on 34,628 paired observations in biochar-amended and unamended systems. Overall, biochar enhances phytotoxicity alleviation, physiology regulation, soil remediation and carbon sequestration, and microbial functional gene abundance. However, some prominent trade-offs exist between crop productivity and ecosystem service deliveries including for nutrient cycling, microbial function, climate change mitigation, and the soil microbial community). The adoption of low C:N biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures from sewage sludge-derived feedstock, in combination with a moderate application rate and inorganic fertilizer input, shows potential for achieving synergistic promotion of crop productivity and ecosystem services. These outcomes highlight the need for judicious implementation of biochar-based solutions to site-specific soil constraints. The quantified synergy and tradeoff relationships will aid the establishment of a sustainable biochar development framework that strengthens necessary ecosystem services commensurate with food security assurance.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the boll formation stage, cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of insecticidal proteins. Insect resistance varies notably among different organs, posing challenges for controlling cotton bollworms. Consequently, a strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation. Two Bt cultivars of . , namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1, were used as test materials. Three treatments were implemented: CK (the control), T1 (amino acids), and T2 (amino acids and EDTA). These treatments were applied at the peak flowering period. The results show that, in comparison to the CK group, Bt protein content significantly increased both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under T1 and T2 treatments. The maximum increase observed was 67.5% in cotton bolls and 21.7% in leaves. Moreover, the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%. Correlation analysis suggests that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and decreased protein catabolism, independent of Bt gene expression levels. Stepwise regression and path analysis reveal that elevating soluble protein content and transaminase activity, while reducing catabolic enzyme activity, are instrumental in enhancing Bt protein content. Consequently, the coordinated regulation of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy capable of improving the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigating spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves.
{"title":"Optimizing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein concentration in cotton: Coordinated regulation of exogenous amino acids and EDTA to reduce spatiotemporal variability in boll and leaf toxin","authors":"Zhenyu Liu, Shu Dong, Yuting Liu, Hanjia Li, Fuqin Zhou, Junfeng Ding, Zixu Zhao, Yinglong Chen, Xiang Zhang, Yuan Chen, Dehua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"During the boll formation stage, cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of insecticidal proteins. Insect resistance varies notably among different organs, posing challenges for controlling cotton bollworms. Consequently, a strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation. Two Bt cultivars of . , namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1, were used as test materials. Three treatments were implemented: CK (the control), T1 (amino acids), and T2 (amino acids and EDTA). These treatments were applied at the peak flowering period. The results show that, in comparison to the CK group, Bt protein content significantly increased both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under T1 and T2 treatments. The maximum increase observed was 67.5% in cotton bolls and 21.7% in leaves. Moreover, the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%. Correlation analysis suggests that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and decreased protein catabolism, independent of Bt gene expression levels. Stepwise regression and path analysis reveal that elevating soluble protein content and transaminase activity, while reducing catabolic enzyme activity, are instrumental in enhancing Bt protein content. Consequently, the coordinated regulation of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy capable of improving the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigating spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.014
Martín Flores-Saavedra, Pietro Gramazio, Santiago Vilanova, Diana M. Mircea, Mario X. Ruiz-González, Óscar Vicente, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas
As access to irrigation water becomes increasingly limited, introgression of relevant genomic regions from drought-tolerant wild genotypes is a promising breeding strategy for crop plants. In this study, nine eggplant () introgression lines (ILs) covering altogether 71.6% of the genome of the donor wild relative parent were evaluated for drought tolerance under water stress conditions. Plants at the five true leaves stage were irrigated at either 100% (control) or 30% (water stress) field capacity for 14 days, and growth and biochemical traits were measured. Reduced irrigation resulted in decreased growth and increased levels of stress markers such as proline and malondialdehyde. Most ILs had lower growth and biomass production than the cultivated parent under both conditions. However, the wild alleles for two genomic regions related to stem and root dry weight ( and ) conferred improved tolerance to water stress. In addition, several alleles had a positive effect on important traits that may improve yield under drought conditions, such as leaf water content (), water use efficiency () and chlorophyll content ( and ). Fine-mapping of the genomic regions for tolerance and reducing linkage drag with regions affecting growth will be crucial for significantly improving eggplant drought tolerance through introgression breeding.
{"title":"Introgressed eggplant lines with the wild Solanum incanum evaluated under drought stress conditions1","authors":"Martín Flores-Saavedra, Pietro Gramazio, Santiago Vilanova, Diana M. Mircea, Mario X. Ruiz-González, Óscar Vicente, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"As access to irrigation water becomes increasingly limited, introgression of relevant genomic regions from drought-tolerant wild genotypes is a promising breeding strategy for crop plants. In this study, nine eggplant () introgression lines (ILs) covering altogether 71.6% of the genome of the donor wild relative parent were evaluated for drought tolerance under water stress conditions. Plants at the five true leaves stage were irrigated at either 100% (control) or 30% (water stress) field capacity for 14 days, and growth and biochemical traits were measured. Reduced irrigation resulted in decreased growth and increased levels of stress markers such as proline and malondialdehyde. Most ILs had lower growth and biomass production than the cultivated parent under both conditions. However, the wild alleles for two genomic regions related to stem and root dry weight ( and ) conferred improved tolerance to water stress. In addition, several alleles had a positive effect on important traits that may improve yield under drought conditions, such as leaf water content (), water use efficiency () and chlorophyll content ( and ). Fine-mapping of the genomic regions for tolerance and reducing linkage drag with regions affecting growth will be crucial for significantly improving eggplant drought tolerance through introgression breeding.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant polyploidy often occurs along with higher yield and superior quality. Therefore, obtaining polyploid germplasms is a significant part of breeding. The oil-tea tree, an important native woody plant that produces high-quality edible oil, includes many species of with different ploidies. However, whether higher ploidy levels in oil-tea trees are related to better traits remains unclear. In this study, the ploidy levels of 30 different oil-tea strains in 3 different species in the sect. Paracamellia were determined by flow cytometry and chromosome preparation, and the phenotypic characteristics and fatty acid composition of the fruits were examined by field observations and laboratory analyses. The correlations between the ploidy level of oil-tea and the main traits of the fruit were investigated . Our results showed that 10 strains were diploid, 10 strains were tetraploid and 10 strains were hexaploid. Hexaploid had larger fruit size and weight, more seeds per fruit, larger seed weight per fruit, higher oil contents and larger yield per crown width than tetraploid and diploid , but their fruit peel thickness and fresh seed rate were significantly lower, and these traits were significantly correlated with ploidy. In addition, in terms of fatty acid composition, hexaploid had a higher oleic acid content than tetraploid and diploid , but their linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid contents were lower. The contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were not significantly correlated with ploidy level. In conclusion, there were certain correlations between the main characteristics of oil-tea fruit and the ploidy level, and increasing ploidy level led to an increase in fruit yield, with no effect on oil composition. The discovery of the variation in the main characteristics of oil-tea fruit with different ploidies will facilitate germplasm innovation and lay a foundation for ploidy breeding and mechanistic research on fruit traits.
{"title":"Ploidy and fruit trait variation of oil-tea Camellia: Implication for ploidy breeding1","authors":"Yanmin Li, Liangjing Yin, Xianyu He, Cenlong Hu, Ronghua Wu, Qian Long, Deyi Yuan, Shixin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"Plant polyploidy often occurs along with higher yield and superior quality. Therefore, obtaining polyploid germplasms is a significant part of breeding. The oil-tea tree, an important native woody plant that produces high-quality edible oil, includes many species of with different ploidies. However, whether higher ploidy levels in oil-tea trees are related to better traits remains unclear. In this study, the ploidy levels of 30 different oil-tea strains in 3 different species in the sect. Paracamellia were determined by flow cytometry and chromosome preparation, and the phenotypic characteristics and fatty acid composition of the fruits were examined by field observations and laboratory analyses. The correlations between the ploidy level of oil-tea and the main traits of the fruit were investigated . Our results showed that 10 strains were diploid, 10 strains were tetraploid and 10 strains were hexaploid. Hexaploid had larger fruit size and weight, more seeds per fruit, larger seed weight per fruit, higher oil contents and larger yield per crown width than tetraploid and diploid , but their fruit peel thickness and fresh seed rate were significantly lower, and these traits were significantly correlated with ploidy. In addition, in terms of fatty acid composition, hexaploid had a higher oleic acid content than tetraploid and diploid , but their linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid contents were lower. The contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were not significantly correlated with ploidy level. In conclusion, there were certain correlations between the main characteristics of oil-tea fruit and the ploidy level, and increasing ploidy level led to an increase in fruit yield, with no effect on oil composition. The discovery of the variation in the main characteristics of oil-tea fruit with different ploidies will facilitate germplasm innovation and lay a foundation for ploidy breeding and mechanistic research on fruit traits.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During storage at 20°C, specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence. Among these varieties, ‘Yuluxaing’ is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in extending the storage period of fruits. We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the ‘Yuluxiang’ pears. In this study, we treated ‘Yuluxiang’ pears with 1-MCP. We stored them at 20°C while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes, recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis, as well as measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics. The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20°C leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness, consistent with the observed elevations in L*, greasiness score, and the content of total wax and greasy wax components. Moreover, there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting, resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure. In comparison to controls, the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L* values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period, additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts. During the initial seven days of storage, several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components, including lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipase D (PLD), and β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline. The activity of LOX during early shelf life (0-7 d) and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life (14-21 d) were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP. Additionally, 1-MCP effectively maintained firmness, total soluble solid (TSS) and titratable acid (TA) contents, peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss. Furthermore, it restrained polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, ethylene production, and respiration rate increase. These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear at a temperature of 20°C. This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.
{"title":"Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene on skin greasiness and quality of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear during storage at 20°C1","authors":"Wanting Yu, Xinnan Zhang, Weiwei Yan, Xiaonan Sun, Yang Wang, Xiaohui Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"During storage at 20°C, specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence. Among these varieties, ‘Yuluxaing’ is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in extending the storage period of fruits. We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the ‘Yuluxiang’ pears. In this study, we treated ‘Yuluxiang’ pears with 1-MCP. We stored them at 20°C while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes, recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis, as well as measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics. The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20°C leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness, consistent with the observed elevations in L*, greasiness score, and the content of total wax and greasy wax components. Moreover, there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting, resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure. In comparison to controls, the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L* values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period, additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts. During the initial seven days of storage, several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components, including lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipase D (PLD), and β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline. The activity of LOX during early shelf life (0-7 d) and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life (14-21 d) were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP. Additionally, 1-MCP effectively maintained firmness, total soluble solid (TSS) and titratable acid (TA) contents, peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss. Furthermore, it restrained polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, ethylene production, and respiration rate increase. These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear at a temperature of 20°C. This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.019
Xianliang Huang, Dai Shi, Kai Deng, Shuzhen Jia, Ding Ding, Li Hou, Bing Chen
Drought events have become more severe under climate change, and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known. Here, adults of the migratory locust, were subjected to food-mediated dehydration, and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance. Specifically, dehydration shortened the lifespan, increased the body weight loss, and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts. Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts. Importantly, dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts. Furthermore, individual knockdown of AKH1, AKH2, or AKH receptor (AKHR) accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions, and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR. These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.
{"title":"Adipokinetic hormone signaling regulates adult dehydration resistance in the migratory locust","authors":"Xianliang Huang, Dai Shi, Kai Deng, Shuzhen Jia, Ding Ding, Li Hou, Bing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"Drought events have become more severe under climate change, and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known. Here, adults of the migratory locust, were subjected to food-mediated dehydration, and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance. Specifically, dehydration shortened the lifespan, increased the body weight loss, and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts. Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts. Importantly, dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts. Furthermore, individual knockdown of AKH1, AKH2, or AKH receptor (AKHR) accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions, and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR. These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.018
Jie Li, Shanjie Han, Ruhang Xu, Xuchen Zhang, Junquan Liang, Mengxin Wang, Baoyu Han
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are an emerging pollutant due to widespread distribution in environmental mediums that have attracted widespread attention over recent years. However, there is little information about tea plantation soil PAEs. A total of 270 soil samples collected from 45 tea plantations in the major high-quality tea-producing regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces in China were analyzed for seven PAEs. The detection frequency of PAEs in tea plantation soil was 100%. DBP, DEHP, and DiBP were the main congeners in tea plantation soil. The PAEs concentrations in the upper soil were significantly higher than those in the lower soil. The concentration of tea plantation soil PAEs in Jiangsu Province was significantly lower than those in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Intercropping with chestnuts can effectively reduce the contamination level of PAEs in tea plantation soil. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, partial correlation analysis, and SEM methods further confirmed the strong direct influence of factors such as chestnut-tea intercropping, temperature, and agricultural chemicals on the variation of PAEs in tea plantation soil. The health and ecological risk assessments indicated that non-carcinogenic risk was within a safe range and that there was a high carcinogenic risk via the dietary pathway, with DBP posing the highest ecological risk.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是一种新兴污染物，广泛分布于环境介质中，近年来引起了广泛关注。然而，有关茶园土壤 PAEs 的信息却很少。本研究采集了中国江苏、浙江和安徽三省主要优质茶叶产区 45 个茶园的 270 份土壤样本，对其中的 7 种 PAEs 进行了分析。茶园土壤中 PAEs 的检出率为 100%。茶园土壤中的主要同系物为 DBP、DEHP 和 DiBP。上层土壤中的 PAEs 浓度明显高于下层土壤。江苏省茶园土壤 PAEs 的浓度明显低于浙江省和安徽省。与板栗间作可有效降低茶园土壤中 PAEs 的污染水平。相关分析、冗余分析、偏相关分析和扫描电镜方法进一步证实了栗茶间作、温度和农药等因素对茶园土壤中PAEs的变化有较强的直接影响。健康和生态风险评估结果表明，非致癌风险在安全范围内，而通过饮食途径的致癌风险较高，其中 DBP 的生态风险最高。
{"title":"Insight into the effect of geographic location and intercropping on contamination characteristics and exposure risk of phthalate esters (PAEs) in tea plantation soils","authors":"Jie Li, Shanjie Han, Ruhang Xu, Xuchen Zhang, Junquan Liang, Mengxin Wang, Baoyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"Phthalate esters (PAEs) are an emerging pollutant due to widespread distribution in environmental mediums that have attracted widespread attention over recent years. However, there is little information about tea plantation soil PAEs. A total of 270 soil samples collected from 45 tea plantations in the major high-quality tea-producing regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces in China were analyzed for seven PAEs. The detection frequency of PAEs in tea plantation soil was 100%. DBP, DEHP, and DiBP were the main congeners in tea plantation soil. The PAEs concentrations in the upper soil were significantly higher than those in the lower soil. The concentration of tea plantation soil PAEs in Jiangsu Province was significantly lower than those in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Intercropping with chestnuts can effectively reduce the contamination level of PAEs in tea plantation soil. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, partial correlation analysis, and SEM methods further confirmed the strong direct influence of factors such as chestnut-tea intercropping, temperature, and agricultural chemicals on the variation of PAEs in tea plantation soil. The health and ecological risk assessments indicated that non-carcinogenic risk was within a safe range and that there was a high carcinogenic risk via the dietary pathway, with DBP posing the highest ecological risk.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.015
Haifeng Xu, Guifang Wang, Xinying Ji, Kun Xiang, Tao Wang, Meiyong Zhang, Guangning Shen, Rui Zhang, Junpei Zhang, Xin Chen
Red walnut has broad market prospects because it is richer in anthocyanin than ordinary walnut. However, the anthocyanin biosynthetic mechanism of red walnut is still unknown. We studied two types of red walnut, called red walnut 1 (R1), with a red pericarp and seed coat, and red walnut 2 (R2), with a red seed coat only. R1 mostly contained cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, while R2 contained a certain amount of each of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The (LOC109007163) and (LOC109010746), encoding genes of leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase/anthocyanidin synthase (LDOX/ANS), were preliminarily appraised as crucial genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in R1 and R2, respectively. The MYB differential genes analysis showed that and are specifically expressed in the red parts of R1 and R2, respectively, and are regarded as candidate regulatory genes. Ectopic expression in and transient injection in walnut showed that both MYB27 and MYB113, located in the nucleus, promoted anthocyanin accumulation, MYB27 promoted the expression, and MYB113 promoted the expressions of and . Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MYB27 could only bind the promoter, while MYB113 could bind the promoters of and . In addition, we also identified an HD-Zip transcription factor ATHB-12, which is specifically expressed in the pericarp. After silencing the expression of , the R2 pericarp turned red, and the expression increased. Further experiments showed that ATHB-12 could specifically interact with MYB113 and bind to its promoter. This suggests that MYB27 controls R1 coloration by regulating , while MYB113 controls R2 coloration by regulating and , but the ATHB-12 can specifically bind and inhibit the of R2 pericarp so that it becomes unpigmented. This study reveals the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in different types of red walnut and provides a scientific basis for the selection and breeding of red walnut varieties.
{"title":"JrATHB-12 mediates JrMYB113 and JrMYB27 to control the different types of red walnut1","authors":"Haifeng Xu, Guifang Wang, Xinying Ji, Kun Xiang, Tao Wang, Meiyong Zhang, Guangning Shen, Rui Zhang, Junpei Zhang, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Red walnut has broad market prospects because it is richer in anthocyanin than ordinary walnut. However, the anthocyanin biosynthetic mechanism of red walnut is still unknown. We studied two types of red walnut, called red walnut 1 (R1), with a red pericarp and seed coat, and red walnut 2 (R2), with a red seed coat only. R1 mostly contained cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, while R2 contained a certain amount of each of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The (LOC109007163) and (LOC109010746), encoding genes of leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase/anthocyanidin synthase (LDOX/ANS), were preliminarily appraised as crucial genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in R1 and R2, respectively. The MYB differential genes analysis showed that and are specifically expressed in the red parts of R1 and R2, respectively, and are regarded as candidate regulatory genes. Ectopic expression in and transient injection in walnut showed that both MYB27 and MYB113, located in the nucleus, promoted anthocyanin accumulation, MYB27 promoted the expression, and MYB113 promoted the expressions of and . Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MYB27 could only bind the promoter, while MYB113 could bind the promoters of and . In addition, we also identified an HD-Zip transcription factor ATHB-12, which is specifically expressed in the pericarp. After silencing the expression of , the R2 pericarp turned red, and the expression increased. Further experiments showed that ATHB-12 could specifically interact with MYB113 and bind to its promoter. This suggests that MYB27 controls R1 coloration by regulating , while MYB113 controls R2 coloration by regulating and , but the ATHB-12 can specifically bind and inhibit the of R2 pericarp so that it becomes unpigmented. This study reveals the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in different types of red walnut and provides a scientific basis for the selection and breeding of red walnut varieties.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.012
Qiushuang Yao, Huihan Wang, Ze Zhang, Shizhe Qin, Lulu Ma, Xiangyu Chen, Hongyu Wang, Lu Wang, Xin Lv
Potassium (K) is a highly mobile nutrient element that continuously adjusts its demand strategy among and within cotton leaves through redistribution. This indirectly leads to variations in the leaf potassium content (LKC, %) at different leaf positions. However, owing to the interaction between light and leaf age, leaf sensitivity at different positions to this change varies, including the reflection and absorption of the spectrum. How to selecting the optimal monitoring leaf position is an important factor in quickly and accurately evaluation of cotton LKC using spectral remote sensing technology. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive multileaf position estimation model based on the vertical distribution characteristics of LKC from top to bottom. This is aimed at achieving an accurate estimation of cotton LKC and optimizing the strategy for selecting the monitored leaf position. Between 2020 and 2021, we collected hyperspectral imaging data of the main stem leaves at different positions from top to bottom (Li, =1, 2, 3, …, ), during the cotton budding, flowering, and boll setting stages. Vertical distribution characteristics, sensitivity differences, and spectral correlations of LKC at different leaf positions were investigated. Additionally, the optimal range of the dominant leaf position for monitoring was determined. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine regression (SVR), and the entropy weight method (EWM) were used to establish LKC estimation models for single leaf and multileaf positions. The results showed a vertical heterogeneous distribution of cotton LKC, with LKC initially increasing and then gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the average LKC of cotton reaches its maximum value at flowering stage. The upper leaf position demonstrated greater sensitivity to K and exhibited a stronger correlation with the spectrum. The selected dominant leaf positions for the three growth stages were L1–L5, L1–L4, and L1–L2, respectively. Based on the dominant leaf position monitoring range, the optimal single leaf position models for estimating LKC during the three growth stages were PLSR-L4, PLSR-L1, and SVR-L2, with The coefficient of determination of the validation set (Rval) of 0.786, 0.580, and 0.768, and the root-mean-square error of the validation set (RMSEval) of 0.168, 0.197, and 0.191, respectively. The multileaf position LKC estimation model was constructed by EWM with Rval of 0.887, 0.728, and 0.703, and RMSEval of 0.134, 0.172, and 0.209, respectively. In contrast, the newly developed multileaf position comprehensive estimation model yielded superior results, improving the stability of the model on the basis of high accuracy, especially during the budding and flowering stages. These findings hold significant importance for investigating cotton LKC spectral models and selecting suitable leaf positions for field monitoring.
{"title":"Estimation model of potassium content in cotton leaves based on hyperspectral information of multileaf position","authors":"Qiushuang Yao, Huihan Wang, Ze Zhang, Shizhe Qin, Lulu Ma, Xiangyu Chen, Hongyu Wang, Lu Wang, Xin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium (K) is a highly mobile nutrient element that continuously adjusts its demand strategy among and within cotton leaves through redistribution. This indirectly leads to variations in the leaf potassium content (LKC, %) at different leaf positions. However, owing to the interaction between light and leaf age, leaf sensitivity at different positions to this change varies, including the reflection and absorption of the spectrum. How to selecting the optimal monitoring leaf position is an important factor in quickly and accurately evaluation of cotton LKC using spectral remote sensing technology. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive multileaf position estimation model based on the vertical distribution characteristics of LKC from top to bottom. This is aimed at achieving an accurate estimation of cotton LKC and optimizing the strategy for selecting the monitored leaf position. Between 2020 and 2021, we collected hyperspectral imaging data of the main stem leaves at different positions from top to bottom (Li, =1, 2, 3, …, ), during the cotton budding, flowering, and boll setting stages. Vertical distribution characteristics, sensitivity differences, and spectral correlations of LKC at different leaf positions were investigated. Additionally, the optimal range of the dominant leaf position for monitoring was determined. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine regression (SVR), and the entropy weight method (EWM) were used to establish LKC estimation models for single leaf and multileaf positions. The results showed a vertical heterogeneous distribution of cotton LKC, with LKC initially increasing and then gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the average LKC of cotton reaches its maximum value at flowering stage. The upper leaf position demonstrated greater sensitivity to K and exhibited a stronger correlation with the spectrum. The selected dominant leaf positions for the three growth stages were L1–L5, L1–L4, and L1–L2, respectively. Based on the dominant leaf position monitoring range, the optimal single leaf position models for estimating LKC during the three growth stages were PLSR-L4, PLSR-L1, and SVR-L2, with The coefficient of determination of the validation set (Rval) of 0.786, 0.580, and 0.768, and the root-mean-square error of the validation set (RMSEval) of 0.168, 0.197, and 0.191, respectively. The multileaf position LKC estimation model was constructed by EWM with Rval of 0.887, 0.728, and 0.703, and RMSEval of 0.134, 0.172, and 0.209, respectively. In contrast, the newly developed multileaf position comprehensive estimation model yielded superior results, improving the stability of the model on the basis of high accuracy, especially during the budding and flowering stages. These findings hold significant importance for investigating cotton LKC spectral models and selecting suitable leaf positions for field monitoring.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.001
Qibing Gu, Xiayu Zhu, Qiankun Bai, Chengyuan Ji, Yue Zhang, Jiale Ma, Huochun Yao, Zihao Pan
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea, play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation. Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria, the investigation of these systems within () is still limited. Here, we systematically analyzed the type II TA systems of 95 genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder. A total of 612 putative type II TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis. Notably, an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, Chz, NCL1, and NCL3 strains. The following study identified the activities of TA systems using two strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type VII secretion system in by measuring β-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes. Moreover, we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized, highly prevalent novel TA system, with the composition of antitoxin-toxin-antitoxin (SS-ATA), which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system. Altogether, this study systematically analyzed the type II TA systems within , highlighting the widespread distribution of HigBA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in .
毒素-抗毒素（TA）系统普遍存在于细菌和古细菌中，在细菌生理学中发挥着多种作用，并被认为在应激适应方面具有重要意义。尽管对各种细菌中的许多 TA 系统进行了广泛的表征，但对这些系统在（）内部的研究仍然有限。在此，我们利用 TAfinder 系统分析了 GenBank 数据库中 95 个基因组的 II 型 TA 系统。共检索到 612 个推定的 II 型 TA 系统，并通过系统发育分析将其分为 10 类。值得注意的是，在重要的流行血清型 2、4、5、9、14、Chz、NCL1 和 NCL3 菌株中，这些 TA 系统的出现率较高。接下来的研究利用两种策略确定了 TA 系统的活性，并通过测量 β-半乳糖苷酶活性和转录变化证实了 HigBA 对 VII 型分泌系统的调控作用。此外，我们还揭示了一种迄今为止尚未定性的、高度流行的新型 TA 系统，它由抗毒素-毒素-抗毒素（SS-ATA）组成，调控下游的双组分信号系统。总之，这项研究系统地分析了Ⅴ类动物体内的II型TA系统，强调了HigBA和SS-ATA作为Ⅴ类动物体内重要调控元件的广泛分布。
{"title":"Bioinformatics analysis of type II toxin-antitoxin systems and regulatory functional assessment of HigBA and SS-ATA in Streptococcus suis","authors":"Qibing Gu, Xiayu Zhu, Qiankun Bai, Chengyuan Ji, Yue Zhang, Jiale Ma, Huochun Yao, Zihao Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea, play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation. Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria, the investigation of these systems within () is still limited. Here, we systematically analyzed the type II TA systems of 95 genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder. A total of 612 putative type II TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis. Notably, an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, Chz, NCL1, and NCL3 strains. The following study identified the activities of TA systems using two strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type VII secretion system in by measuring β-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes. Moreover, we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized, highly prevalent novel TA system, with the composition of antitoxin-toxin-antitoxin (SS-ATA), which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system. Altogether, this study systematically analyzed the type II TA systems within , highlighting the widespread distribution of HigBA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in .","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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