Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.026
Kun Han, Xinzhu Li, Liang Jia, Dazhao Yu, Wenhua Xu, Hongkun Chen, Tao Song, Peng Liu
To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency, it is essential to optimize the tillage and fertilization practices. To assess the effect of tilling and fertilization practices in the wheat-maize cropping systems, we carried out a three-year field experiment designed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF), and energy efficiency of the cropping systems in the North China Plain. As the study parameters, we used four tillage practices (no tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT) and subsoiling rotary tillage (SRT)), and two fertilizer regimes (inorganic fertilizer (IF), and hybrid fertilizer with organic and inorganic components (HF)). Our results indicated that the most prominent energy inputs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be ascribed to the use of fertilizers and fuel consumption. Assuming the same fertilization regime, ranking the tillage patterns with respect to the value of the crop yield, the profit, the CF, the energy use efficiency (EUE) or the energy productivity (EP) for either wheat or maize always gave the following result: SRT>RT>CT>NT. For the same tillage, the energy consumption associated with HF was higher than IF, but its GHG emissions and CF were lower while the yield and profit were better. In terms of the overall performance, tilling is more beneficial than NT, and reduced tillage (RT and SRT) are more beneficial than CT. The fertilization regime with the best overall performance was HF. Combining SRT with HF has significant potential for reducing CF and increasing EUE, improving the sustainability. Adopting measures promoting these optimizations can help overcome the challenges posed by lack of food security, energy crises and ecological stress.
{"title":"Optimizing tillage and fertilization practices to improve the carbon footprint and energy efficiency of wheat-maize cropping systems","authors":"Kun Han, Xinzhu Li, Liang Jia, Dazhao Yu, Wenhua Xu, Hongkun Chen, Tao Song, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency, it is essential to optimize the tillage and fertilization practices. To assess the effect of tilling and fertilization practices in the wheat-maize cropping systems, we carried out a three-year field experiment designed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF), and energy efficiency of the cropping systems in the North China Plain. As the study parameters, we used four tillage practices (no tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT) and subsoiling rotary tillage (SRT)), and two fertilizer regimes (inorganic fertilizer (IF), and hybrid fertilizer with organic and inorganic components (HF)). Our results indicated that the most prominent energy inputs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be ascribed to the use of fertilizers and fuel consumption. Assuming the same fertilization regime, ranking the tillage patterns with respect to the value of the crop yield, the profit, the CF, the energy use efficiency (EUE) or the energy productivity (EP) for either wheat or maize always gave the following result: SRT>RT>CT>NT. For the same tillage, the energy consumption associated with HF was higher than IF, but its GHG emissions and CF were lower while the yield and profit were better. In terms of the overall performance, tilling is more beneficial than NT, and reduced tillage (RT and SRT) are more beneficial than CT. The fertilization regime with the best overall performance was HF. Combining SRT with HF has significant potential for reducing CF and increasing EUE, improving the sustainability. Adopting measures promoting these optimizations can help overcome the challenges posed by lack of food security, energy crises and ecological stress.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.023
Yuxin He, Fei Deng, Chi Zhang, Qiuping Li, Xiaofan Huang, Chenyan He, Xiaofeng Ai, Yujie Yuan, Li Wang, Hong Cheng, Tao Wang, Youfeng Tao, Wei Zhou, Xiaolong Lei, Yong Chen, Wanjun Ren
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production to adapt to high-temperature conditions. However, the impact of delayed sowing date (DS) on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions. In this study, we conducted experiments using different sowing dates, that is, conventional sowing date 1 (CS1), CS2 (10 d later than CS1), DS1 (30 d later than CS1), and DS2 (30 d later than CS2), and three rice varieties, i.e., “Yixiangyou 2115,” “Fyou 498,” and “Chuanyou 6203.” This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the influence of DS on the pasting properties of rice, which are a proxy for eating and cooking quality (ECQ). In DS1 and DS2, rice had a significantly greater amylose content (AC) but a lower protein content (PC), peak viscosity (PKV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), and hot paste viscosity (HPV) than in CS1 and CS2. Moreover, with the exception of CS2 and DS1 in 2018, DS1 and DS2 led to a 2.15–11.19% reduction in breakdown viscosity (BDV) and a 23.46–108.47% increase in setback viscosity (SBV). However, the influence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety. In 2019, DS1 and DS2 led to a BDV reduction of 2.35–9.33, 2.61–8.61, 10.03–17.78, and 2.06–8.93%, and a SBV increase of 2.32–60.93, 63.74–144.24, 55.46–91.63, and -8.28–65.37% at the Dayi, Anzhou, Nanbu, and Shehong, respectively. DS resulted in a greater decrease in PKV, HPV, CPV, and BDV and a greater increase in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498. Correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were significantly and positively related to the mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures after heading. These temperatures have to be greater than 25.9, 31.2, and 22.3℃ to increase the relative BDV and decrease the relative SBV of rice, thereby enhancing ECQ. In conclusion, DS might contribute to a significant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan basin. A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
{"title":"Can a delayed sowing date improve the eating and cooking quality of mechanically transplanted rice in the Sichuan basin?","authors":"Yuxin He, Fei Deng, Chi Zhang, Qiuping Li, Xiaofan Huang, Chenyan He, Xiaofeng Ai, Yujie Yuan, Li Wang, Hong Cheng, Tao Wang, Youfeng Tao, Wei Zhou, Xiaolong Lei, Yong Chen, Wanjun Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production to adapt to high-temperature conditions. However, the impact of delayed sowing date (DS) on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions. In this study, we conducted experiments using different sowing dates, that is, conventional sowing date 1 (CS1), CS2 (10 d later than CS1), DS1 (30 d later than CS1), and DS2 (30 d later than CS2), and three rice varieties, i.e., “Yixiangyou 2115,” “Fyou 498,” and “Chuanyou 6203.” This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the influence of DS on the pasting properties of rice, which are a proxy for eating and cooking quality (ECQ). In DS1 and DS2, rice had a significantly greater amylose content (AC) but a lower protein content (PC), peak viscosity (PKV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), and hot paste viscosity (HPV) than in CS1 and CS2. Moreover, with the exception of CS2 and DS1 in 2018, DS1 and DS2 led to a 2.15–11.19% reduction in breakdown viscosity (BDV) and a 23.46–108.47% increase in setback viscosity (SBV). However, the influence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety. In 2019, DS1 and DS2 led to a BDV reduction of 2.35–9.33, 2.61–8.61, 10.03–17.78, and 2.06–8.93%, and a SBV increase of 2.32–60.93, 63.74–144.24, 55.46–91.63, and -8.28–65.37% at the Dayi, Anzhou, Nanbu, and Shehong, respectively. DS resulted in a greater decrease in PKV, HPV, CPV, and BDV and a greater increase in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498. Correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were significantly and positively related to the mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures after heading. These temperatures have to be greater than 25.9, 31.2, and 22.3℃ to increase the relative BDV and decrease the relative SBV of rice, thereby enhancing ECQ. In conclusion, DS might contribute to a significant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan basin. A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"125 20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
head blight (FHB), mainly caused by (), is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in wheat production worldwide. (2n=6=42, StStStStHH) is a wild relative of wheat with many biotic and abiotic stress resistance traits. To transfer and apply the wild germplasm's resistance gene (s) for wheat breeding, we identified a new translocation line K140-7 with high resistance to FHB, developed from the derivative progenies of . crossed with common wheat cultivars. Cytogenetic analyses based on genomic hybridization (GISH), non-denaturing fluorescence hybridization (ND-FISH), oligonucleotide-FISH painting (Oligo-FISH painting), and single-gene FISH revealed that K140-7 had 40 wheat chromosomes and two 7DS·7StL translocated chromosomes. Wheat 55K SNP array analysis confirmed that the translocated breakpoint (340.8~342.5 Mb) was close to the centromere region of chromosome 7D (336.3~341.7 Mb), supporting the 7DS·7StL translocation event. Based on the diploid reference St genome of , we developed 21 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, specific for chromosome arm 7StL. Genotyping and phenotyping analysis of the 7DS·7StL translocation in different wheat backgrounds demonstrated that the chromosome arm 7StL confers FHB resistance and possesses the dominant FHB resistance locus (s) named .. We further transferred . into three different wheat cultivars, their second 7DS·7StL translocation line-generations showed improved agronomic traits, representing new germplasms that could be used in wheat FHB-resistant breeding programs.
{"title":"Identification and transfer of resistance to Fusarium head blight from Elymus repens chromosome arm 7StL into wheat","authors":"Fei Wang, Xin Zhao, Xianghai Yu, Wei Zhu, Lili Xu, Yiran Cheng, Yazhou Zhang, Yi Wang, Jian Zeng, Xing Fan, Lina Sha, Haiqin Zhang, Yonghong Zhou, Dandan Wu, Houyang Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"head blight (FHB), mainly caused by (), is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in wheat production worldwide. (2n=6=42, StStStStHH) is a wild relative of wheat with many biotic and abiotic stress resistance traits. To transfer and apply the wild germplasm's resistance gene (s) for wheat breeding, we identified a new translocation line K140-7 with high resistance to FHB, developed from the derivative progenies of . crossed with common wheat cultivars. Cytogenetic analyses based on genomic hybridization (GISH), non-denaturing fluorescence hybridization (ND-FISH), oligonucleotide-FISH painting (Oligo-FISH painting), and single-gene FISH revealed that K140-7 had 40 wheat chromosomes and two 7DS·7StL translocated chromosomes. Wheat 55K SNP array analysis confirmed that the translocated breakpoint (340.8~342.5 Mb) was close to the centromere region of chromosome 7D (336.3~341.7 Mb), supporting the 7DS·7StL translocation event. Based on the diploid reference St genome of , we developed 21 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, specific for chromosome arm 7StL. Genotyping and phenotyping analysis of the 7DS·7StL translocation in different wheat backgrounds demonstrated that the chromosome arm 7StL confers FHB resistance and possesses the dominant FHB resistance locus (s) named .. We further transferred . into three different wheat cultivars, their second 7DS·7StL translocation line-generations showed improved agronomic traits, representing new germplasms that could be used in wheat FHB-resistant breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.028
Yulong Zhao, Song Liu, Kaifeng Yang, Xiuli Hu, Haifang Jiang
Global warming impacts plant growth and development, which in turn threatens food security. It has become clear that plants how to response warm-temperature (such as thermomorphogenesis) and high-temperature stress. At the molecular level, many small molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, achieving high and stable yields by fine-tuning in response to external stimuli. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants grow in response to heat stress and how they can adjust their biological processes to survive heat stress conditions. In this review, we summarized the heat-responsive genetic networks in plants and crop plants based on recent studies. Focus on how plants sense the elevated temperatures and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to the adverse growing conditions. We also describe the trade-off between plant growth and responses to heat stress. Specifically, we address the regulatory network of plant response to the heat stress, which will facilitate the discovery of novel thermotolerant genes and be helpful to open new opportunities for agricultural applications.
{"title":"Fine-control of growth and thermotolerance in plant response to heat stress","authors":"Yulong Zhao, Song Liu, Kaifeng Yang, Xiuli Hu, Haifang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming impacts plant growth and development, which in turn threatens food security. It has become clear that plants how to response warm-temperature (such as thermomorphogenesis) and high-temperature stress. At the molecular level, many small molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, achieving high and stable yields by fine-tuning in response to external stimuli. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants grow in response to heat stress and how they can adjust their biological processes to survive heat stress conditions. In this review, we summarized the heat-responsive genetic networks in plants and crop plants based on recent studies. Focus on how plants sense the elevated temperatures and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to the adverse growing conditions. We also describe the trade-off between plant growth and responses to heat stress. Specifically, we address the regulatory network of plant response to the heat stress, which will facilitate the discovery of novel thermotolerant genes and be helpful to open new opportunities for agricultural applications.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of conservation tillage or straw returning to the farmland influences the grain yield and quality of rice (). The key volatile compound responsible for the fragrance in fragrant rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is significantly affected by field management measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tillage management and straw returning on the grain yield and biosynthesis of 2-AP in fragrant rice. This study was conducted over two years in 2016 and 2017 and utilized two fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan) as materials. It consisted of different tillage managements and straw returning treatments, which included three tillage managements: rotary tillage (T0), minimum tillage (T1), and no tillage (T2), and two straw returning treatments: without straw returning (S0) and straw returning (S1). The straw used for the experiment was sourced from the residue of the early season harvested corresponding fragrant rice cultivar. Tillage management and straw returning substantially affected the grain yield, grain quality, and 2-AP content of both fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with the T0S0 treatment, tillage management and straw returning resulted in an improvement in the 2-AP content in 2016 (12.41-116.85%) and 2017 (34.85-103.89%) on average. A higher content of 2-AP was detected in both fragrant rice cultivars in the T2S1 and T1S1 treatments. A structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the enzyme activities of fragrance metabolism in the leaves and grain jointly regulated the biosynthesis of precursors of fragrance metabolism in the grain, which further promoted the accumulation of 2-AP. In addition, a principal component analysis indicated that the T1S1 treatment positively correlated with both 2-AP and grain yield. The SEM demonstrated that the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, parameters related to photosynthesis, and yield component contributed to the grain yield. The T1S1 treatment resulted in the highest average grain yield of 760.75 g m, which can be attributed to an increase in various attributes, such as the leaf area index, SPAD value, nitrogen metabolism, panicle number per m, and grain number per panicle. The minimum tillage and straw returning (T1S1) treatment is more effective at simultaneously improving both the grain yield and 2-AP content in fragrant rice.
{"title":"Reduced tillage coupled with straw returning improves grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice","authors":"Zhaowen Mo, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Longxin He, Shenggang Pan, Haidong Liu, Hua Tian, Umair Ashraf, Meiyang Duan, Xiangru Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of conservation tillage or straw returning to the farmland influences the grain yield and quality of rice (). The key volatile compound responsible for the fragrance in fragrant rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is significantly affected by field management measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tillage management and straw returning on the grain yield and biosynthesis of 2-AP in fragrant rice. This study was conducted over two years in 2016 and 2017 and utilized two fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan) as materials. It consisted of different tillage managements and straw returning treatments, which included three tillage managements: rotary tillage (T0), minimum tillage (T1), and no tillage (T2), and two straw returning treatments: without straw returning (S0) and straw returning (S1). The straw used for the experiment was sourced from the residue of the early season harvested corresponding fragrant rice cultivar. Tillage management and straw returning substantially affected the grain yield, grain quality, and 2-AP content of both fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with the T0S0 treatment, tillage management and straw returning resulted in an improvement in the 2-AP content in 2016 (12.41-116.85%) and 2017 (34.85-103.89%) on average. A higher content of 2-AP was detected in both fragrant rice cultivars in the T2S1 and T1S1 treatments. A structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the enzyme activities of fragrance metabolism in the leaves and grain jointly regulated the biosynthesis of precursors of fragrance metabolism in the grain, which further promoted the accumulation of 2-AP. In addition, a principal component analysis indicated that the T1S1 treatment positively correlated with both 2-AP and grain yield. The SEM demonstrated that the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, parameters related to photosynthesis, and yield component contributed to the grain yield. The T1S1 treatment resulted in the highest average grain yield of 760.75 g m, which can be attributed to an increase in various attributes, such as the leaf area index, SPAD value, nitrogen metabolism, panicle number per m, and grain number per panicle. The minimum tillage and straw returning (T1S1) treatment is more effective at simultaneously improving both the grain yield and 2-AP content in fragrant rice.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular substitution in maize production to reduce gaseous nitrogen (N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key role in improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but studies that refine different substitution rates remain poorly documented. A field study was carried out in 2021 and 2022 based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016. The experiment included five organic fertilizer N substitution rates with equal input of 200 kg N ha: 0% organic fertilizer (T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer), 50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer (T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer (T3), 25.0% organic+75.0% inorganic fertilizer (T4), 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer (T5), and no fertilizer control (T6). The average result of two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates (T5, T4, T3, and T2) significantly reduced total nitrogen loss (NH、NO) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there was no significant difference among them. The organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH volatilization and NO emission from farmland by lowering ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N content and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatments reduced NO emissions indirectly by regulating the abundance of and -harboring genes by promoting soil moisture. The 37.5% of organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH volatilization and NO emission from farmland by decreasing ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N content and increasing moisture which negatively regulate the abundance of and -harboring genes to reduce NO emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.
{"title":"Suitable organic fertilizer substitution ration stabilizes rainfed maize yields and reduces gaseous nitrogen loss in the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Lihua Xie, Lingling Li, Junhong Xie, Jinbin Wang, Zechariah Effah, Setor Kwami Fudjoe, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular substitution in maize production to reduce gaseous nitrogen (N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key role in improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but studies that refine different substitution rates remain poorly documented. A field study was carried out in 2021 and 2022 based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016. The experiment included five organic fertilizer N substitution rates with equal input of 200 kg N ha: 0% organic fertilizer (T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer), 50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer (T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer (T3), 25.0% organic+75.0% inorganic fertilizer (T4), 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer (T5), and no fertilizer control (T6). The average result of two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates (T5, T4, T3, and T2) significantly reduced total nitrogen loss (NH、NO) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there was no significant difference among them. The organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH volatilization and NO emission from farmland by lowering ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N content and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatments reduced NO emissions indirectly by regulating the abundance of and -harboring genes by promoting soil moisture. The 37.5% of organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH volatilization and NO emission from farmland by decreasing ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N content and increasing moisture which negatively regulate the abundance of and -harboring genes to reduce NO emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt stress is a major constraint to crop productivity and quality. The limited availability of salt-tolerant genes poses significant challenges to breeding programs aimed at enhancing salt tolerance. Sorghum displays a remarkable ability to withstand saline conditions; therefore, elucidating the genetic underpinnings of this trait is crucial. This study entailed a comprehensive resequencing of 186 sorghum accessions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on relative root length (RL) and root fresh weight (RFW) under salt stress conditions. We identified eight candidate genes within a co-localized region, among which —a gene encoding a transcription elongation factor protein—was deemed a potential candidate due to its annotation and expression pattern alterations under salt stress. Haplotype analysis, gene cloning, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and allele effect analysis revealed that PAV284, located in the promoter region of , modulated gene expression under salt stress, which, in turn, influenced sorghum seedlings’ salt tolerance. PAV284 holds promise as a genetic marker for the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm via marker-assisted breeding, enhancing the development of salt-tolerant sorghum cultivars.
{"title":"Natural variation in SbTEF1 contributes to salt tolerance in sorghum seedlings","authors":"Chang Liu, Lei Tian, Wenbo Yu, Yu Wang, Ziqing Yao, Yue Liu, Luomiao Yang, Chunjuan Liu, Xiaolong Shi, Tao Liu, Bingru Chen, Zhenguo Wang, Haiqiu Yu, Yufei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.030","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress is a major constraint to crop productivity and quality. The limited availability of salt-tolerant genes poses significant challenges to breeding programs aimed at enhancing salt tolerance. Sorghum displays a remarkable ability to withstand saline conditions; therefore, elucidating the genetic underpinnings of this trait is crucial. This study entailed a comprehensive resequencing of 186 sorghum accessions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on relative root length (RL) and root fresh weight (RFW) under salt stress conditions. We identified eight candidate genes within a co-localized region, among which —a gene encoding a transcription elongation factor protein—was deemed a potential candidate due to its annotation and expression pattern alterations under salt stress. Haplotype analysis, gene cloning, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and allele effect analysis revealed that PAV284, located in the promoter region of , modulated gene expression under salt stress, which, in turn, influenced sorghum seedlings’ salt tolerance. PAV284 holds promise as a genetic marker for the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm via marker-assisted breeding, enhancing the development of salt-tolerant sorghum cultivars.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verticillium wilt (VW), induced by the soil-borne fungus (), poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species. Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton varieties with heightened resistance to VW stands out as one of the most efficacious protective measures. In this investigation, we successfully generated two stable transgenic lines of cotton ( L.) -RNAi-1 and -RNAi-2 using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology to introduce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the thiamine transporter protein gene (). Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single-copy insertion in both lines. Microscopic examination disclosed a marked reduction in the colonization and spread of - in the roots of -RNAi cotton compared to wild type (WT). Correspondingly, the disease index and fungal biomass of -RNAi-1/2 exhibited a significant decrease. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a substantial inhibition of expression following prolonged inoculation of -RNAi cotton. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis further revealed the generation of a substantial number of -specific siRNAs in the -RNAi transgenic lines. Additionally, the silencing of by siVdThit produced by -RNAi-1/2 resulted in the elevated expression of multiple genes involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway in . In field conditions, -RNAi transgenic cotton exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance and yield compared with WT. In summary, our findings underscore the efficacy of HIGS targeting in restraining the infection and spread of in cotton, thereby potentially expediting the development of cotton breeding as a promising strategy.
{"title":"Host-induced gene silencing of the Verticillium dahliae thiamine transporter protein gene (VdThit) confers resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton","authors":"Qi Wang, Guoqiang Pan, Xingfen Wang, Zhengwen Sun, Huiming Guo, Xiaofeng Su, Hongmei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"Verticillium wilt (VW), induced by the soil-borne fungus (), poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species. Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton varieties with heightened resistance to VW stands out as one of the most efficacious protective measures. In this investigation, we successfully generated two stable transgenic lines of cotton ( L.) -RNAi-1 and -RNAi-2 using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology to introduce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the thiamine transporter protein gene (). Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single-copy insertion in both lines. Microscopic examination disclosed a marked reduction in the colonization and spread of - in the roots of -RNAi cotton compared to wild type (WT). Correspondingly, the disease index and fungal biomass of -RNAi-1/2 exhibited a significant decrease. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a substantial inhibition of expression following prolonged inoculation of -RNAi cotton. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis further revealed the generation of a substantial number of -specific siRNAs in the -RNAi transgenic lines. Additionally, the silencing of by siVdThit produced by -RNAi-1/2 resulted in the elevated expression of multiple genes involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway in . In field conditions, -RNAi transgenic cotton exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance and yield compared with WT. In summary, our findings underscore the efficacy of HIGS targeting in restraining the infection and spread of in cotton, thereby potentially expediting the development of cotton breeding as a promising strategy.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is becoming a common threat to crop production. To combat this stress and ensure global food security, the identification and utilization of excellent drought-resistant genes are crucial for developing drought-resistant crop varieties. However, sugar transporters are known to be involved in stress tolerance in many plants, while the sugar transporter gene family of Tartary buckwheat has not been systematically analyzed yet. In this study, 140 sugar transporter genes were identified from the ‘Pinku’ Tartary buckwheat genome and classified into ten subfamilies. Structural analysis showed that subfamily SGB/pGlcT had the highest number of introns compared to other subfamilies, and abundant abiotic stress-related -acting elements existed in the promoter region. Collinear analysis revealed that , , , and genes are relatively ancient. The expression of sugar transporter genes was screened under various abiotic stresses which revealed the association of stress tolerance with different sugar transporter genes, i.e., , , , and . Further, it was observed that the overexpression of maintains osmotic pressure through glucose transport, which may enhance drought stress tolerance. Moreover, gene co-expression analyses using WGCNA and FCMA identified six transcription factors that may regulate expression and are involved in plant drought tolerance. In summary, this systematic analysis provides a theoretical basis for further functional characterization of sugar transporter genes to improve drought tolerance in Tartary buckwheat and its related species.
{"title":"Evolutionary and expression analysis of sugar transporters from Tartary buckwheat revealed the potential function of FtERD23 in drought stress","authors":"Dili Lai, Md. Nurul Huda, Yawen Xiao, Tanzim Jahan, Wei Li, Yuqi He, Kaixuan Zhang, Jianping Cheng, Jingjun Ruan, Meiliang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is becoming a common threat to crop production. To combat this stress and ensure global food security, the identification and utilization of excellent drought-resistant genes are crucial for developing drought-resistant crop varieties. However, sugar transporters are known to be involved in stress tolerance in many plants, while the sugar transporter gene family of Tartary buckwheat has not been systematically analyzed yet. In this study, 140 sugar transporter genes were identified from the ‘Pinku’ Tartary buckwheat genome and classified into ten subfamilies. Structural analysis showed that subfamily SGB/pGlcT had the highest number of introns compared to other subfamilies, and abundant abiotic stress-related -acting elements existed in the promoter region. Collinear analysis revealed that , , , and genes are relatively ancient. The expression of sugar transporter genes was screened under various abiotic stresses which revealed the association of stress tolerance with different sugar transporter genes, i.e., , , , and . Further, it was observed that the overexpression of maintains osmotic pressure through glucose transport, which may enhance drought stress tolerance. Moreover, gene co-expression analyses using WGCNA and FCMA identified six transcription factors that may regulate expression and are involved in plant drought tolerance. In summary, this systematic analysis provides a theoretical basis for further functional characterization of sugar transporter genes to improve drought tolerance in Tartary buckwheat and its related species.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barley ( L.) is the fourth largest cereal crop all over the world in terms of planting area. Kernel traits, such as grain length, grain width, and thousand grain weight, are crucial for barley yield and quality. Cloning kernel traits related genes and identifying superior alleles for them are essential for marker-assisted selection in barley breeding. In the present study, was cloned from barley according to the known rice gene. Functional validation of based on the EMS mutants of barley landrace “Hatiexi” proved that it played an important role in grain length. Using a panel consisting of 363 barley accessions, candidate gene-based association analysis was explored to identify superior haplotypes for . The results showed that Hap3 was the superior haplotype for both grain length and thousand grain weight, and Hap4 was also the superior haplotype for thousand grain weight. In conclusion, the genotypes carrying the superior allele are important gene donators, and the molecular markers identified in this study will be helpful for grain size and yield improvement in barley breeding.
{"title":"Functional characterization and identification of superior haplotypes of barley HvGL7-2H (Hordeum vulgare L.) in grain features","authors":"Rui Liu, Hongna Cheng, Dandan Qin, Le Xu, Fuchao Xu, Qing Xu, Yanchun Peng, Shuangtao Ge, Longqing Sun, Guoqing Dong, Jing Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Barley ( L.) is the fourth largest cereal crop all over the world in terms of planting area. Kernel traits, such as grain length, grain width, and thousand grain weight, are crucial for barley yield and quality. Cloning kernel traits related genes and identifying superior alleles for them are essential for marker-assisted selection in barley breeding. In the present study, was cloned from barley according to the known rice gene. Functional validation of based on the EMS mutants of barley landrace “Hatiexi” proved that it played an important role in grain length. Using a panel consisting of 363 barley accessions, candidate gene-based association analysis was explored to identify superior haplotypes for . The results showed that Hap3 was the superior haplotype for both grain length and thousand grain weight, and Hap4 was also the superior haplotype for thousand grain weight. In conclusion, the genotypes carrying the superior allele are important gene donators, and the molecular markers identified in this study will be helpful for grain size and yield improvement in barley breeding.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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