Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.08.001
Yitong He, Guanjin Wang, Yonglin Ren, Shan Gao, Dong Chu, Simon J. McKirdy
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) are a significant threat to potato production, having caused substantial damage in many countries. Predicting the future distribution of PCN species is crucial to implementing effective biosecurity strategies, especially given the impact of climate change on pest species invasion and distribution. Machine learning (ML), specifically ensemble models, has emerged as a powerful tool in predicting species distributions due to its ability to learn and make predictions based on complex data sets. Thus, this research utilised advanced machine learning techniques to predict the distribution of PCN species under climate change conditions, providing the initial element for invasion risk assessment. We first used Global Climate Models to generate homogeneous climate predictors to mitigate the variation among predictors. Then, five machine learning models were employed to build two groups of ensembles, single-algorithm ensembles (ESA) and multi-algorithm ensembles (EMA), and compared their performances. In this research, the EMA did not always perform better than the ESA, and the ESA of Artificial Neural Network gave the highest performance while being cost-effective. Prediction results indicated that the distribution range of PCNs would shift northward with a decrease in tropical zones and an increase in northern latitudes. However, the total area of suitable regions will not change significantly, occupying 16–20% of the total land surface (18% under current conditions). This research alerts policymakers and practitioners to the risk of PCNs’ incursion into new regions. Additionally, this ML process offers the capability to track changes in the distribution of various species and provides scientifically grounded evidence for formulating long-term biosecurity plans for their control.
{"title":"Machine learning ensemble model prediction of northward shift in potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) distribution under climate change conditions","authors":"Yitong He, Guanjin Wang, Yonglin Ren, Shan Gao, Dong Chu, Simon J. McKirdy","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) are a significant threat to potato production, having caused substantial damage in many countries. Predicting the future distribution of PCN species is crucial to implementing effective biosecurity strategies, especially given the impact of climate change on pest species invasion and distribution. Machine learning (ML), specifically ensemble models, has emerged as a powerful tool in predicting species distributions due to its ability to learn and make predictions based on complex data sets. Thus, this research utilised advanced machine learning techniques to predict the distribution of PCN species under climate change conditions, providing the initial element for invasion risk assessment. We first used Global Climate Models to generate homogeneous climate predictors to mitigate the variation among predictors. Then, five machine learning models were employed to build two groups of ensembles, single-algorithm ensembles (ESA) and multi-algorithm ensembles (EMA), and compared their performances. In this research, the EMA did not always perform better than the ESA, and the ESA of Artificial Neural Network gave the highest performance while being cost-effective. Prediction results indicated that the distribution range of PCNs would shift northward with a decrease in tropical zones and an increase in northern latitudes. However, the total area of suitable regions will not change significantly, occupying 16–20% of the total land surface (18% under current conditions). This research alerts policymakers and practitioners to the risk of PCNs’ incursion into new regions. Additionally, this ML process offers the capability to track changes in the distribution of various species and provides scientifically grounded evidence for formulating long-term biosecurity plans for their control.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.042
Xue Shen, Quanyu Yang, Rongjun Ao, Shengsheng Gong
Rice production is crucial for food security in China, and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively. Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years. There has been a discernible trend wherein adult children have started migrating to cities while their elderly parents return to villages to re-engage in on-farm work. The phenomenon has notably shaped the intergenerational division of labor (IDL) within households. However, it remains to be seen how farmers adjust their rice production systems in response to the IDL. The age of 60 years for employment injury insurance is the eligibility threshold for off-farm employment and is used to obtain a source of exogenous variation in the IDL. Based on a representative household survey of 1,752 rice farmers in the Hubei Province of Central China, our fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis reveals that farmers in IDL households are more likely to adopt ratoon rice (RR) than single cropping rice (SR) or double cropping rice (DR). The effect of the IDL varies under different levels of operational scales and specialized agricultural service availability. Further analysis suggests that farmers’ arrangements are associated with two potential mechanisms of downward intergenerational transfer. Monetary transfer for urban housing purchases increases RR in IDL households, and time transfer for intergenerational childcare significantly promotes SR in IDL households. This study enhances the understanding of the relationship between rural labor migration and rice production in China, providing a reference for adjusting rice production systems to ensure food security.
{"title":"Rural labor migration and farmers’ arrangements of rice production systems in Central China: Insight from the intergenerational division of labor","authors":"Xue Shen, Quanyu Yang, Rongjun Ao, Shengsheng Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.042","url":null,"abstract":"Rice production is crucial for food security in China, and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively. Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years. There has been a discernible trend wherein adult children have started migrating to cities while their elderly parents return to villages to re-engage in on-farm work. The phenomenon has notably shaped the intergenerational division of labor (IDL) within households. However, it remains to be seen how farmers adjust their rice production systems in response to the IDL. The age of 60 years for employment injury insurance is the eligibility threshold for off-farm employment and is used to obtain a source of exogenous variation in the IDL. Based on a representative household survey of 1,752 rice farmers in the Hubei Province of Central China, our fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis reveals that farmers in IDL households are more likely to adopt ratoon rice (RR) than single cropping rice (SR) or double cropping rice (DR). The effect of the IDL varies under different levels of operational scales and specialized agricultural service availability. Further analysis suggests that farmers’ arrangements are associated with two potential mechanisms of downward intergenerational transfer. Monetary transfer for urban housing purchases increases RR in IDL households, and time transfer for intergenerational childcare significantly promotes SR in IDL households. This study enhances the understanding of the relationship between rural labor migration and rice production in China, providing a reference for adjusting rice production systems to ensure food security.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"1138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wampee () is an important evergreen fruit tree native to southern China that has a long history of use for medicinal purposes. Here, a chromosome-level genome of was constructed with a genome size of 282.9 Mb and scaffold N50 of 30.75 Mb. The assembled genome contains 48.70% repetitive elements and 24,381 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that diverged from Aurantioideae 15.91–24.95 million years ago. Additionally, some expansive and specific gene families related to methyltransferase activity and -adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity were also identified. Further analysis indicated that -methyltransferase (NMT) is mainly involved in alkaloid biosynthesis and -methyltransferase (OMT) participates in the regulation of coumarin accumulation in wampee. This suggested that wampee's richness in alkaloids and coumarins might be due to the gene expansions of NMT and OMT. The tandem repeat event was one of the major reasons for the NMT expansion. Hence, the reference genome of will facilitate the identification of some useful medicinal compounds from wampee resources and reveal their biosynthetic pathways.
{"title":"The Clausena lansium genome provides new insights into alkaloid diversity and the evolution of the methyltransferase family","authors":"Yongzan Wei, Yi Wang, Fuchu Hu, Wei Wang, Changbin Wei, Bingqiang Xu, Liqin Liu, Huayang Li, Can Wang, Hongna Zhang, Zhenchang Liang, Jianghui Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.043","url":null,"abstract":"Wampee () is an important evergreen fruit tree native to southern China that has a long history of use for medicinal purposes. Here, a chromosome-level genome of was constructed with a genome size of 282.9 Mb and scaffold N50 of 30.75 Mb. The assembled genome contains 48.70% repetitive elements and 24,381 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that diverged from Aurantioideae 15.91–24.95 million years ago. Additionally, some expansive and specific gene families related to methyltransferase activity and -adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity were also identified. Further analysis indicated that -methyltransferase (NMT) is mainly involved in alkaloid biosynthesis and -methyltransferase (OMT) participates in the regulation of coumarin accumulation in wampee. This suggested that wampee's richness in alkaloids and coumarins might be due to the gene expansions of NMT and OMT. The tandem repeat event was one of the major reasons for the NMT expansion. Hence, the reference genome of will facilitate the identification of some useful medicinal compounds from wampee resources and reveal their biosynthetic pathways.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.005
Jikun Mei, Xuan Jiang, Fengyang Li, Zengshuai Wu, Tong Wu, Junhui Zhu, Hexiang Jiang, Ziheng Li, Na Li, Liancheng Lei
serotype 2 (SS2) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in humans and pigs. It not only brings huge economic losses to the pig industry but also seriously threatens public health security. However, the mechanisms by which SS2 enters the brain and induces meningitis is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of the SS2 collagenase-like protease (Clp) in promoting the passage of the bacterium across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that SS2 Clp enhanced virulence and tissue colonization, and promoted the destruction of the BBB in mice. Compared with wild-type SS2, the ability of a Δ mutant to cross human brain microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell monolayers decreased, whereas the addition of recombinant protein rClp increased permeability. rClp also significantly promoted the adhesion of SS2 to hCMEC/D3, inhibited the expression of intercellular tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 independent of its enzyme activity, and induced hCMEC/D3 apoptosis through the cell receptor ligand apoptosis and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways partly dependent on its enzyme activity, resulting in BBB destruction and increased permeability. Moreover, Clp increased macrophage (F4/80+), monocytes (F4/80-Ly6C+), and neutrophils (Ly6G+) infiltration into the brain after SS2 infection. Thus, SS2 Clp is required for the passage of the bacterium across the BBB, and the results, provide a theoretical basis for better prevention and treatment of SS2-induced meningitis.
{"title":"Streptococcus suis serotype 2 collagenase-like protease promotes meningitis by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability1","authors":"Jikun Mei, Xuan Jiang, Fengyang Li, Zengshuai Wu, Tong Wu, Junhui Zhu, Hexiang Jiang, Ziheng Li, Na Li, Liancheng Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"serotype 2 (SS2) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in humans and pigs. It not only brings huge economic losses to the pig industry but also seriously threatens public health security. However, the mechanisms by which SS2 enters the brain and induces meningitis is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of the SS2 collagenase-like protease (Clp) in promoting the passage of the bacterium across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that SS2 Clp enhanced virulence and tissue colonization, and promoted the destruction of the BBB in mice. Compared with wild-type SS2, the ability of a Δ mutant to cross human brain microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell monolayers decreased, whereas the addition of recombinant protein rClp increased permeability. rClp also significantly promoted the adhesion of SS2 to hCMEC/D3, inhibited the expression of intercellular tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 independent of its enzyme activity, and induced hCMEC/D3 apoptosis through the cell receptor ligand apoptosis and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways partly dependent on its enzyme activity, resulting in BBB destruction and increased permeability. Moreover, Clp increased macrophage (F4/80+), monocytes (F4/80-Ly6C+), and neutrophils (Ly6G+) infiltration into the brain after SS2 infection. Thus, SS2 Clp is required for the passage of the bacterium across the BBB, and the results, provide a theoretical basis for better prevention and treatment of SS2-induced meningitis.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.011
Qian Deng, Zeyu Dong, Zequan Chen, Zhuolin Shi, Ting Zhao, Xueying Guan, Yan Hu, Lei Fang
Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall. Pectate lyase (PEL, EC 4.2.2.2) uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave the α-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin. However, limited information is available on the comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of PELs in the Malvaceae. In this study, we identified 597 PEL genes from 10 Malvaceae species. Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed that these PELs are classified into six subfamilies: Clades I, II, III, IV, Va, and Vb. The two largest subfamilies, Clades I and II, contained 237 and 222 PEL members, respectively. The members of Clades Va and Vb only contained four or five motifs, far fewer than the other subfamilies. Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PEL gene family in species. The PELs from Clades I, IV, Va, and Vb were expressed during the fiber elongation stage, but nearly all PEL genes from Clades II and III showed no expression in any of the investigated fiber developmental stages. We further performed single-gene haplotype association analysis in 2,001 accessions and 229 accessions. Interestingly, 14 PELs were significantly associated with fiber length and strength traits in with superior fiber quality, while only eight genes were found to be significantly associated with fiber quality traits in . Our findings provide important information for further evolutionary and functional research on the PEL gene family members and their potential use for fiber quality improvement in cotton.
果胶是植物细胞壁的主要成分。果胶酶（PEL，EC 4.2.2.2）利用反β-消除化学作用裂解果胶同半乳糖醛酸区域中的α-1,4糖苷键。然而，有关锦葵科植物中 PELs 的全面和进化分析的资料十分有限。在这项研究中，我们从 10 个锦葵科物种中鉴定了 597 个 PEL 基因。系统进化和主题分析表明，这些 PELs 可分为六个亚家族：支系 I、II、III、IV、Va 和 Vb。最大的两个亚家族，即支系 I 和支系 II 分别包含 237 和 222 个 PEL 成员。Va 和 Vb 支系的成员只包含 4 或 5 个图案，远远少于其他亚家族。基因复制分析表明，节段复制在 PEL 基因家族的物种扩展中起了关键作用。来自支系 I、IV、Va 和 Vb 的 PEL 在纤维伸长阶段均有表达，但支系 II 和 III 的几乎所有 PEL 基因在所调查的纤维发育阶段均无表达。我们进一步对 2 001 个登录基因和 229 个登录基因进行了单基因单倍型关联分析。有趣的是，14 个 PEL 与纤维长度和强度性状显著相关，而在纤维质量较好的......中，只有 8 个基因与纤维质量性状显著相关。我们的研究结果为进一步研究 PEL 基因家族成员的进化和功能及其在棉花纤维品质改良中的潜在用途提供了重要信息。
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the pectate lyase (PEL) gene family members in Malvaceae, and their contribution to cotton fiber quality","authors":"Qian Deng, Zeyu Dong, Zequan Chen, Zhuolin Shi, Ting Zhao, Xueying Guan, Yan Hu, Lei Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall. Pectate lyase (PEL, EC 4.2.2.2) uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave the α-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin. However, limited information is available on the comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of PELs in the Malvaceae. In this study, we identified 597 PEL genes from 10 Malvaceae species. Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed that these PELs are classified into six subfamilies: Clades I, II, III, IV, Va, and Vb. The two largest subfamilies, Clades I and II, contained 237 and 222 PEL members, respectively. The members of Clades Va and Vb only contained four or five motifs, far fewer than the other subfamilies. Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PEL gene family in species. The PELs from Clades I, IV, Va, and Vb were expressed during the fiber elongation stage, but nearly all PEL genes from Clades II and III showed no expression in any of the investigated fiber developmental stages. We further performed single-gene haplotype association analysis in 2,001 accessions and 229 accessions. Interestingly, 14 PELs were significantly associated with fiber length and strength traits in with superior fiber quality, while only eight genes were found to be significantly associated with fiber quality traits in . Our findings provide important information for further evolutionary and functional research on the PEL gene family members and their potential use for fiber quality improvement in cotton.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.006
Xiaodong Gong, Dan Han, Lu Zhang, Guibo Yin, Junfang Yang, Hui Jia, Zhiyan Cao, Jingao Dong, Yuwei Liu, Shouqin Gu
LysM proteins contain the lysin domain (LysM), bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi. In phytopathogenic fungi, certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity, thus increasing fungal virulence. However, our understanding of the LysM protein family in is limited. In this study, eight genes are identified and designated as to . The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins (StLysM1, StLysM2, StLysM5, StLysM6, and StLysM7) are potential effectors. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses. Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain, whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains. Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the GDxTC and WNP motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues. Conversely, the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites. Moreover, expression profiling analysis shows that the gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize. Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in . Further functional analysis suggests that StLysM1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin. The transient expression of inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response, increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus in . This study reveals that the LySM protein family consists of eight members, highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity. The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the LysM protein family and functional characterization of the key LysM effector StLysM1, which modulates plant immunity in Setosphaeria turcica1","authors":"Xiaodong Gong, Dan Han, Lu Zhang, Guibo Yin, Junfang Yang, Hui Jia, Zhiyan Cao, Jingao Dong, Yuwei Liu, Shouqin Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"LysM proteins contain the lysin domain (LysM), bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi. In phytopathogenic fungi, certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity, thus increasing fungal virulence. However, our understanding of the LysM protein family in is limited. In this study, eight genes are identified and designated as to . The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins (StLysM1, StLysM2, StLysM5, StLysM6, and StLysM7) are potential effectors. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses. Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain, whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains. Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the GDxTC and WNP motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues. Conversely, the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites. Moreover, expression profiling analysis shows that the gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize. Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in . Further functional analysis suggests that StLysM1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin. The transient expression of inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response, increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus in . This study reveals that the LySM protein family consists of eight members, highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity. The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.05.032
Hu Wang, Lihong Cao, Yalu Guo, Zheng Li, Huanhuan Niu
Watermelon () holds global significance as a fruit with high economic and nutritional value. Exploring the regulatory network of watermelon male reproductive development is crucial for developing male sterile materials and facilitating cross-breeding. Despite its importance, there is a lack of research on the regulation mechanism of male reproductive development in watermelon. In this study, we identified that , a VIIIb subclass member in the (/) superfamily, was a key factor in pollen development. RNA hybridization confirmed significant expression in the tapetum and pollen during the later stage of anther development. The pollens of transgenic plants showed major defects in morphology and vitality at the late development stage. The RNA-seq and protein interaction assay confirmed that regulates pollen morphology and fertility by interacting with key genes involved in pollen development at both transcriptional and protein levels. These suggest that Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2 (ESR2) plays an important role in pollen maturation and vitality. This study helps understand the male reproductive development of watermelon, providing a theoretical foundation for developing male sterile materials.
{"title":"Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2 (ESR2) regulates pollen maturation and vitality in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)","authors":"Hu Wang, Lihong Cao, Yalu Guo, Zheng Li, Huanhuan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.05.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.05.032","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon () holds global significance as a fruit with high economic and nutritional value. Exploring the regulatory network of watermelon male reproductive development is crucial for developing male sterile materials and facilitating cross-breeding. Despite its importance, there is a lack of research on the regulation mechanism of male reproductive development in watermelon. In this study, we identified that , a VIIIb subclass member in the (/) superfamily, was a key factor in pollen development. RNA hybridization confirmed significant expression in the tapetum and pollen during the later stage of anther development. The pollens of transgenic plants showed major defects in morphology and vitality at the late development stage. The RNA-seq and protein interaction assay confirmed that regulates pollen morphology and fertility by interacting with key genes involved in pollen development at both transcriptional and protein levels. These suggest that Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2 (ESR2) plays an important role in pollen maturation and vitality. This study helps understand the male reproductive development of watermelon, providing a theoretical foundation for developing male sterile materials.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exogenous application of melatonin by the root drenching method is an effective way to improve crop drought resistance. However, the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and the physiological mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced drought tolerance in cotton ( L.) roots remain elusive. This study determined the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and explored the protective effects of melatonin on cotton roots. The results showed that 50 μmol L melatonin was optimal and significantly mitigated the inhibitory effect of drought on cotton seedling growth. Exogenous melatonin promoted root development in drought-stressed cotton plants by remarkably increasing the root length, projected area, surface area, volume, diameter, and biomass. Melatonin also mitigated the drought-weakened photosynthetic capacity of cotton and regulated the endogenous hormone contents by regulating the relative expression levels of hormone-synthesis genes under drought stress. Melatonin-treated cotton seedlings maintained optimal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacities, and produced relatively lower levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, thus reducing the drought stress damage to cotton roots (such as mitochondrial damage). Moreover, melatonin alleviated the yield and fiber length declines caused by drought stress. Taken together, these findings show that root drenching with exogenous melatonin increases the cotton yield by enhancing root development and reducing the root damage induced by drought stress. In summary, these results provide a foundation for the application of melatonin in the field by the root drenching method.
{"title":"Exogenous melatonin improves cotton yield under drought stress by enhancing root development and reducing root damage","authors":"Lingxiao Zhu, Hongchun Sun, Ranran Wang, Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Jiehua Zhu, Cundong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"The exogenous application of melatonin by the root drenching method is an effective way to improve crop drought resistance. However, the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and the physiological mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced drought tolerance in cotton ( L.) roots remain elusive. This study determined the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and explored the protective effects of melatonin on cotton roots. The results showed that 50 μmol L melatonin was optimal and significantly mitigated the inhibitory effect of drought on cotton seedling growth. Exogenous melatonin promoted root development in drought-stressed cotton plants by remarkably increasing the root length, projected area, surface area, volume, diameter, and biomass. Melatonin also mitigated the drought-weakened photosynthetic capacity of cotton and regulated the endogenous hormone contents by regulating the relative expression levels of hormone-synthesis genes under drought stress. Melatonin-treated cotton seedlings maintained optimal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacities, and produced relatively lower levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, thus reducing the drought stress damage to cotton roots (such as mitochondrial damage). Moreover, melatonin alleviated the yield and fiber length declines caused by drought stress. Taken together, these findings show that root drenching with exogenous melatonin increases the cotton yield by enhancing root development and reducing the root damage induced by drought stress. In summary, these results provide a foundation for the application of melatonin in the field by the root drenching method.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.066
Qian Chen, Shunyuan Yong, Fan Xu, Hao Fu, Jiangbo Dang, Qiao He, Danlong Jing, Di Wu, Guolu Liang, Qigao Guo
The () gene family is involved in the regulation of gene expression and plant growth, development, and stress responses. To investigate the function of loquat genes in the growth and developmental regulation of plants, a loquat gene homologous to was cloned. expression was induced by gibberellin, and ectopic transgenic plants containing this gene exhibited earlier bloom and longer primary roots since these phenotypic characteristics are related to higher gibberellin content. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of and which encode key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis, were significantly increased. Furthermore, we confirmed that EjGASA6 could promote the expression of the luciferase reporter system. Overall, our results suggest that promotes blooming and main-root elongation by positively regulating gibberellin biosynthesis. These findings broaden our understanding of the role of GASAs in plant development and growth, and lay the groundwork for future research into the functions of in regulating loquat growth and development.
{"title":"EjGASA6 promotes flowering and root elongation by enhancing gibberellin biosynthesis","authors":"Qian Chen, Shunyuan Yong, Fan Xu, Hao Fu, Jiangbo Dang, Qiao He, Danlong Jing, Di Wu, Guolu Liang, Qigao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.066","url":null,"abstract":"The () gene family is involved in the regulation of gene expression and plant growth, development, and stress responses. To investigate the function of loquat genes in the growth and developmental regulation of plants, a loquat gene homologous to was cloned. expression was induced by gibberellin, and ectopic transgenic plants containing this gene exhibited earlier bloom and longer primary roots since these phenotypic characteristics are related to higher gibberellin content. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of and which encode key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis, were significantly increased. Furthermore, we confirmed that EjGASA6 could promote the expression of the luciferase reporter system. Overall, our results suggest that promotes blooming and main-root elongation by positively regulating gibberellin biosynthesis. These findings broaden our understanding of the role of GASAs in plant development and growth, and lay the groundwork for future research into the functions of in regulating loquat growth and development.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.064
Xiangyang Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Shenggen Fan
China’s crop structure has undergone significant changes in the last two decades since 2000, with an increase in the share of cereals, vegetables, and fruit, squeezing out other crops. As a result, land productivity, nutrient supply, and carbon emissions have changed. How to reallocate limited farmland among crops to achieve the multiple goals of agrifood systems becomes an important issue. This study explores the sources of land productivity and nutrition supply growth and carbon emissions reduction, and identifies the multiple roles of crop structural change from 2003 to 2020 based on a decomposition analysis. The results reveal that the growth within crops is still the primary driver in land productivity and nutrition supply and the reduction in carbon emissions. However, structural change also plays various roles at different periods. From 2003 to 2010, crop structural change increased the total calorie supply but lowered land productivity and contributed at least 70% of the total growth of carbon emissions. The crop structure was relatively stable, and their effects were modest from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2020, the crop structural change began to play a greater role and generate synergistic effects in improving land productivity, micronutrient supply, and reducing carbon emissions, contributing to approximately a quarter of the growth of land productivity and 30% of total carbon emissions reduction. These results suggest that strategies for crop structural change should comprehensively consider its multiple impacts, aiming to achieve co-benefits while minimizing trade-offs.
{"title":"The multiple roles of crop structural change in productivity, nutrition and environment in China: A decomposition analysis","authors":"Xiangyang Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Shenggen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"China’s crop structure has undergone significant changes in the last two decades since 2000, with an increase in the share of cereals, vegetables, and fruit, squeezing out other crops. As a result, land productivity, nutrient supply, and carbon emissions have changed. How to reallocate limited farmland among crops to achieve the multiple goals of agrifood systems becomes an important issue. This study explores the sources of land productivity and nutrition supply growth and carbon emissions reduction, and identifies the multiple roles of crop structural change from 2003 to 2020 based on a decomposition analysis. The results reveal that the growth within crops is still the primary driver in land productivity and nutrition supply and the reduction in carbon emissions. However, structural change also plays various roles at different periods. From 2003 to 2010, crop structural change increased the total calorie supply but lowered land productivity and contributed at least 70% of the total growth of carbon emissions. The crop structure was relatively stable, and their effects were modest from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2020, the crop structural change began to play a greater role and generate synergistic effects in improving land productivity, micronutrient supply, and reducing carbon emissions, contributing to approximately a quarter of the growth of land productivity and 30% of total carbon emissions reduction. These results suggest that strategies for crop structural change should comprehensively consider its multiple impacts, aiming to achieve co-benefits while minimizing trade-offs.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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