Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.009
Xiaoyu Ge, Junlin Chen, Ouqi Li, Min Zou, Baolong Tao, Lun Zhao, Jing Wen, Bin Yi, Jinxing Tu, Jinxiong Shen
Plant cytoplasmic male sterility is caused by mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes. It serves as a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu CMS is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. In this study, we confirmed is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through genetic transformation in . Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line (OguA), including , localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific ROS accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.
{"title":"ORF138 causes abnormal lipid metabolism in the tapetum leading to Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus","authors":"Xiaoyu Ge, Junlin Chen, Ouqi Li, Min Zou, Baolong Tao, Lun Zhao, Jing Wen, Bin Yi, Jinxing Tu, Jinxiong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cytoplasmic male sterility is caused by mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes. It serves as a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu CMS is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. In this study, we confirmed is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through genetic transformation in . Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line (OguA), including , localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific ROS accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Starch plays a crucial role as a storage component, greatly affecting the grain yield and quality of maize ( L.). To meet future demands, it is essential to understand the genetic basis of the natural variation in kernel starch content (SC) for maize breeding. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 84 and 96 loci associated with kernel SC within two years that overlapped with 185 candidate genes. The candidate gene , which encodes a myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factor, exhibited the highest co-expression frequency with starch synthesis genes. We demonstrated that ZmMYB71 functions as a nuclear located transcription repressor, and the kernel SC of mutants increased by over 2.32%, with a minor effect on amylose content or 100-grain weight. , , and showed up-regulation in mutants by 1.56-, 1.45- and 1.32-fold, respectively, consistently with the RNA sequencing result; their promoter activities may be directly repressed by ZmMYB71 through the GATATC and TTAGGG motifs. Furthermore, the elite haplotype Hap1 was present in over 55% of the high-starch maize sub-populations BSSS and PB but only in 7.14% of the low-starch sub-population PA. Comparing the Hap1 haplotype frequencies in different breeding stages found that its frequency in the inbred group released after 2010 is significantly higher at 40.28%, in contrast to 28.57% and 27.94% in the years 1980 and 1990, and 2000, respectively. The finding provides valuable information on the natural variation in SC of the maize kernel and suggests that ZmMYB71 serves as a negative regulator with the potential to be used to improve SC in the kernels.
{"title":"Genome-wide association and co-expression uncovered ZmMYB71 controls kernel starch content in maize","authors":"Jienan Han, Ran Li, Ze Zhang, Shiyuan Liu, Qianqian Liu, Zhennan Xu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Xin Lu, Xiaochuan Shangguan, Tingfang Zhou, Jianfeng Weng, Zhuanfang Hao, Degui Zhang, Hongjun Yong, Jingyu Xu, Mingshun Li, Xinhai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"Starch plays a crucial role as a storage component, greatly affecting the grain yield and quality of maize ( L.). To meet future demands, it is essential to understand the genetic basis of the natural variation in kernel starch content (SC) for maize breeding. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 84 and 96 loci associated with kernel SC within two years that overlapped with 185 candidate genes. The candidate gene , which encodes a myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factor, exhibited the highest co-expression frequency with starch synthesis genes. We demonstrated that ZmMYB71 functions as a nuclear located transcription repressor, and the kernel SC of mutants increased by over 2.32%, with a minor effect on amylose content or 100-grain weight. , , and showed up-regulation in mutants by 1.56-, 1.45- and 1.32-fold, respectively, consistently with the RNA sequencing result; their promoter activities may be directly repressed by ZmMYB71 through the GATATC and TTAGGG motifs. Furthermore, the elite haplotype Hap1 was present in over 55% of the high-starch maize sub-populations BSSS and PB but only in 7.14% of the low-starch sub-population PA. Comparing the Hap1 haplotype frequencies in different breeding stages found that its frequency in the inbred group released after 2010 is significantly higher at 40.28%, in contrast to 28.57% and 27.94% in the years 1980 and 1990, and 2000, respectively. The finding provides valuable information on the natural variation in SC of the maize kernel and suggests that ZmMYB71 serves as a negative regulator with the potential to be used to improve SC in the kernels.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.008
Guanghui Chen, Li Sheng, Lijun Wu, Liang Yin, Shuangling Li, Hongfeng Wang, Xiao Jiang, Heng Wang, Yanmao Shi, Fudong Zhan, Xiaoyuan Chi, Chunjuan Qu, Yan Ren, Mei Yuan
Late leaf spot (LLS) is one of important diseases that causes severe yield losses in peanut. Peanut has various sources of resistance to LLS, and the identification of resistant QTLs and the development of related molecular markers are of great importance for breeding of LLS-resistant peanut. In this study, 173 individual lines of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and 48K SNP array for genotyping were used to construct a high-density genetic map with 1475 SNP marker and 20 linkage groups. A total of 11 QTLs were obtained through QTL analysis using the constructed genetic map. Among them, a stable major QTL . was identified on linkage group 2 in all six environments, with a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 15.57 to 31.09%. Additionally, QTL-seq technology was also employed for QTL analysis of LLS resistance. As a result, 14 QTL loci related to LLS resistance were identified using the G prime algorithm. Notably, physical position of are coincided with that of . and . respectively. Gene annotation analysis within the 14 QTL intervals by QTL-seq revealed that there were a total of 163 NBS-LRR disease resistance genes, accounting for 22.86% of all R genes in peanut genome and showing a 4.26-fold enrichment with a p-value of 5.19e-57. Within the QTL region of the resistant parent Mi-2, there was a 5 Mb structural variation interval (SV) containing 81 NBS-LRR genes. A PCR diagnostic marker was developed, and validation data suggest that this SV might lead to gene deletion or replacement with other genes. This SV has the potential to enhance peanut resistance to late leaf spot disease. This study holds significant implications for improving peanut breeding for LLS resistance through development of associated molecular markers.
{"title":"Identification of novel QTLs for resistance to late leaf spot in peanut by SNP array and QTL-seq","authors":"Guanghui Chen, Li Sheng, Lijun Wu, Liang Yin, Shuangling Li, Hongfeng Wang, Xiao Jiang, Heng Wang, Yanmao Shi, Fudong Zhan, Xiaoyuan Chi, Chunjuan Qu, Yan Ren, Mei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Late leaf spot (LLS) is one of important diseases that causes severe yield losses in peanut. Peanut has various sources of resistance to LLS, and the identification of resistant QTLs and the development of related molecular markers are of great importance for breeding of LLS-resistant peanut. In this study, 173 individual lines of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and 48K SNP array for genotyping were used to construct a high-density genetic map with 1475 SNP marker and 20 linkage groups. A total of 11 QTLs were obtained through QTL analysis using the constructed genetic map. Among them, a stable major QTL . was identified on linkage group 2 in all six environments, with a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 15.57 to 31.09%. Additionally, QTL-seq technology was also employed for QTL analysis of LLS resistance. As a result, 14 QTL loci related to LLS resistance were identified using the G prime algorithm. Notably, physical position of are coincided with that of . and . respectively. Gene annotation analysis within the 14 QTL intervals by QTL-seq revealed that there were a total of 163 NBS-LRR disease resistance genes, accounting for 22.86% of all R genes in peanut genome and showing a 4.26-fold enrichment with a p-value of 5.19e-57. Within the QTL region of the resistant parent Mi-2, there was a 5 Mb structural variation interval (SV) containing 81 NBS-LRR genes. A PCR diagnostic marker was developed, and validation data suggest that this SV might lead to gene deletion or replacement with other genes. This SV has the potential to enhance peanut resistance to late leaf spot disease. This study holds significant implications for improving peanut breeding for LLS resistance through development of associated molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.005
Qi Han, Xingguo Huang, Jun He, Yiming Zeng, Jie Yin, Yulong Yin
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality, affecting meat flavour, juiciness, and tenderness. Hence, the improvement of IMF content is one of the hotspots of animal science to provide better meat product. Here, we found that most IMF-related genes are enriched in lipid metabolism processes, including fatty acid transport and uptake, fatty acid beta oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipid storage, and lipolysis. PPAR and AMPK signalling pathways are identified to be responsible for IMF deposition. Genetics and nongenetic factors (i.e., diets, gut microbiota, age, sex, management) also positively or negatively regulate the IMF content in pigs. Taken together, this review deepens our understanding of how these factors affect pig IMF deposition and provides valuable information for moderately increasing IMF content.
肌内脂肪（IMF）是影响猪肉品质的重要经济性状，会影响肉的风味、多汁性和嫩度。因此，提高肌内脂肪含量是动物科学提供更好肉制品的热点之一。在这里，我们发现大多数 IMF 相关基因都富集在脂质代谢过程中，包括脂肪酸转运和吸收、脂肪酸 beta 氧化、脂质合成、脂质储存和脂肪分解。PPAR 和 AMPK 信号通路被确定是 IMF 沉积的原因。遗传和非遗传因素（如日粮、肠道微生物群、年龄、性别、管理）也会对猪的 IMF 含量产生积极或消极的调节作用。综上所述，本综述加深了我们对这些因素如何影响猪 IMF 沉积的理解，并为适度提高 IMF 含量提供了有价值的信息。
{"title":"Intramuscular Fat Deposition in pig: A Key Target for Improving Pork Quality1","authors":"Qi Han, Xingguo Huang, Jun He, Yiming Zeng, Jie Yin, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality, affecting meat flavour, juiciness, and tenderness. Hence, the improvement of IMF content is one of the hotspots of animal science to provide better meat product. Here, we found that most IMF-related genes are enriched in lipid metabolism processes, including fatty acid transport and uptake, fatty acid beta oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipid storage, and lipolysis. PPAR and AMPK signalling pathways are identified to be responsible for IMF deposition. Genetics and nongenetic factors (i.e., diets, gut microbiota, age, sex, management) also positively or negatively regulate the IMF content in pigs. Taken together, this review deepens our understanding of how these factors affect pig IMF deposition and provides valuable information for moderately increasing IMF content.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt stress is a global constraint on agricultural production. Therefore, the development of salt tolerant plants has become a current research hotspot. Salt tolerance evolves more frequently in C grass lineages. However, few studies have been carried out to explore the molecular bases underlying salt stress tolerance in C crop foxtail millet. In this study, we performed a multi-pronged approach spanning the omics analyses of transcriptomes and physiological analysis of C crop rice and C model crop foxtail millet in response to salt stress. Our results revealed specifically compared to C rice, C foxtail millet has upregulated ABA and notably reduced CK biosynthesis and signaling transduction under salt stress. Salt stress in C rice plants triggered rapid downregulation of photosynthesis related genes, which was coupled by severely decreased net photosynthetic rates. In the salt-threatened C rice and C foxtail millet, some stress responsive transcription factors (TFs), such as AP2/ERF, WRKY and MYB underwent strong and distinct transcriptional changes. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), an AP2/ERF transcription factor (.) was identified as a key regulator of salt stress response. To confirmed its function, we generated -knockout lines with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice and its upstream repressor -overexpressing (-OE) transgenic plants in foxtail millet, which increased salt tolerance. Overall, our study not only provided new insights into the convergent regulation of salt stress responses of foxtail millet and rice, but also shed light on the divergent signaling networks between them in response to salt stress.
{"title":"Convergent and divergent signaling pathways in C3 rice and C4 foxtail millet crops in response to salt stress","authors":"Xinyu Man, Sha Tang, Yu Meng, Yanjia Gong, Yanqing Chen, Meng Wu, Guanqing Jia, Jun Liu, Xianmin Diao, Xiliu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress is a global constraint on agricultural production. Therefore, the development of salt tolerant plants has become a current research hotspot. Salt tolerance evolves more frequently in C grass lineages. However, few studies have been carried out to explore the molecular bases underlying salt stress tolerance in C crop foxtail millet. In this study, we performed a multi-pronged approach spanning the omics analyses of transcriptomes and physiological analysis of C crop rice and C model crop foxtail millet in response to salt stress. Our results revealed specifically compared to C rice, C foxtail millet has upregulated ABA and notably reduced CK biosynthesis and signaling transduction under salt stress. Salt stress in C rice plants triggered rapid downregulation of photosynthesis related genes, which was coupled by severely decreased net photosynthetic rates. In the salt-threatened C rice and C foxtail millet, some stress responsive transcription factors (TFs), such as AP2/ERF, WRKY and MYB underwent strong and distinct transcriptional changes. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), an AP2/ERF transcription factor (.) was identified as a key regulator of salt stress response. To confirmed its function, we generated -knockout lines with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice and its upstream repressor -overexpressing (-OE) transgenic plants in foxtail millet, which increased salt tolerance. Overall, our study not only provided new insights into the convergent regulation of salt stress responses of foxtail millet and rice, but also shed light on the divergent signaling networks between them in response to salt stress.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathogens secrete multiple enzymes that can degrade the cell wall, thereby weakening the host’s cell wall and facilitating the penetration of the pathogen into the plant. In this study, we identified VdGH7a, a glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) cellobiohydrolase from , which exhibited hydrolytic activity against 1,4-β-glucan. Interestingly, we found that VdGH7a induced cell death in when signal peptides were present. However, this phenomenon was effectively prevented by the carbohydrate-binding type-1 (CBM1) protein domain. Furthermore, we observed that the knockout of VdGH7a significantly reduced the pathogenicity of to cotton plant, as evidenced by the inability of the knockout mutants to penetrate cellophane membrane. Additionally, these knockout mutants displayed diminished ability to exploit carbon sources, rendering them more susceptible to osmotic and cell wall stresses. Moreover, VdGH7a interacted with an osmotin-like protein (GhOLP1) in cotton through yeast two-hybrid screening, and further confirmed using bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and luciferase complementation imaging (LCI). Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing technology was employed to silence , causing cotton’s salicylic acid (SA) content and resistance to were both reduced, whereas heterologous overexpression of in increased both resistance and the expression of genes involved in the SA signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a virulence strategy whereby the secreted protein VdGH7a from interacts with GhOLP1 to stimulate host immunity and play a significant role in plant resistance against .
{"title":"The glycoside hydrolase 7 member VdGH7a regulates Verticillium dahliae pathogenicity and induces host defenses by interacting with GhOLP11","authors":"Junyuan Lv, Shichao Liu, Jinglong Zhou, Zili Feng, Feng Wei, Lihong Zhao, Haiqiang Li, Heqin Zhu, Yalin Zhang, Hongjie Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogens secrete multiple enzymes that can degrade the cell wall, thereby weakening the host’s cell wall and facilitating the penetration of the pathogen into the plant. In this study, we identified VdGH7a, a glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) cellobiohydrolase from , which exhibited hydrolytic activity against 1,4-β-glucan. Interestingly, we found that VdGH7a induced cell death in when signal peptides were present. However, this phenomenon was effectively prevented by the carbohydrate-binding type-1 (CBM1) protein domain. Furthermore, we observed that the knockout of VdGH7a significantly reduced the pathogenicity of to cotton plant, as evidenced by the inability of the knockout mutants to penetrate cellophane membrane. Additionally, these knockout mutants displayed diminished ability to exploit carbon sources, rendering them more susceptible to osmotic and cell wall stresses. Moreover, VdGH7a interacted with an osmotin-like protein (GhOLP1) in cotton through yeast two-hybrid screening, and further confirmed using bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and luciferase complementation imaging (LCI). Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing technology was employed to silence , causing cotton’s salicylic acid (SA) content and resistance to were both reduced, whereas heterologous overexpression of in increased both resistance and the expression of genes involved in the SA signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a virulence strategy whereby the secreted protein VdGH7a from interacts with GhOLP1 to stimulate host immunity and play a significant role in plant resistance against .","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synchronizing the nitrogen (N) supply of slow- and controlled-release N fertilizers (SCRNFs) with rice N demand is pivotal in substituting multiple urea applications by a single basal application of SCRNFs. Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics focuses mainly on N release patterns, which are only applicable to coated SCRNFs and ignore N transformation mechanisms, thus raising the need for a more universal and reliable index. Based on the ability of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess, we hypothesized that employing leaf N balance index (NBI) as a measure of N status could provide new insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs. We conducted field experiments involving four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea (HAU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), urease inhibitor urea (UIU), and polymer-coated urea (PCU)- and their four combined forms, along with the high-yield urea split application as control (CK). The results showed that NBI dynamics relative to CK could reflect the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while classifying them as short-, medium-, and long-acting fertilizers. Combinations that incorporated the long-acting SCRNF (PCU) consistently outperformed others in yield (by 5.5%) and N use efficiency (by 42.8%) by providing a more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle. Grain yield showed negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK, indicating synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is the key for high yield. Our findings identify the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and emphasize the significant role of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.
{"title":"Optimizing rice yield: evaluating the nitrogen supply characteristics of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers using the leaf nitrogen balance index","authors":"Weike Tao, Qiuli Chen, Weiwei Li, Shen Gao, Jiaqi Li, Yuhui Wang, Sajjad Ahmad, Yanfeng Ding, Ganghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronizing the nitrogen (N) supply of slow- and controlled-release N fertilizers (SCRNFs) with rice N demand is pivotal in substituting multiple urea applications by a single basal application of SCRNFs. Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics focuses mainly on N release patterns, which are only applicable to coated SCRNFs and ignore N transformation mechanisms, thus raising the need for a more universal and reliable index. Based on the ability of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess, we hypothesized that employing leaf N balance index (NBI) as a measure of N status could provide new insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs. We conducted field experiments involving four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea (HAU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), urease inhibitor urea (UIU), and polymer-coated urea (PCU)- and their four combined forms, along with the high-yield urea split application as control (CK). The results showed that NBI dynamics relative to CK could reflect the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while classifying them as short-, medium-, and long-acting fertilizers. Combinations that incorporated the long-acting SCRNF (PCU) consistently outperformed others in yield (by 5.5%) and N use efficiency (by 42.8%) by providing a more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle. Grain yield showed negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK, indicating synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is the key for high yield. Our findings identify the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and emphasize the significant role of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.007
Yaqi Qin, Bo Zhang, Xueliang Luo, Shiqian Wang, Jiaxin Fu, Zhike Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Jietang Zhao, Guibing Hu
Litchi holds paramount economic significance as a global fruit crop. However, the advancement of litchi functional genomics encounters substantial obstacles due to its recalcitrance to stable transformation. Here, we present an efficacious -mediated transformation system in somatic embryo of ‘Heiye’ litchi. This system was developed through meticulous optimization of variables encompassing explant selection, strain delineation, bacterium concentration, infection duration, and infection methodology. The subsequent validation of the transformation technique in litchi was realized through the ectopic expression of , resulting in the generation of transgenic calli. However, it was discerned that the differentiation of transgenic calli into somatic embryos encountered substantial challenges. To delve into the intricate molecular underpinnings of ’s inhibitory role in somatic embryo induction, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted encompassing embryogenic calli (C), globular embryos (G), and transgenic calli (TC). A total of 1166 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between C-vs-G and C-vs-TC. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that these common DEGs were most related to plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, RT-qPCR corroborated pronounced down-regulation of numerous genes intricately associated with somatic embryos induction within the transgenic calli. The development of this transformation system has provided valuable support for functional genomics research in litchi.
{"title":"Development of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediate transformation system for somatic embryos and transcriptome analysis of LcMYB1’s inhibitory effect on somatic embryogenesis in Litchi chinensis.","authors":"Yaqi Qin, Bo Zhang, Xueliang Luo, Shiqian Wang, Jiaxin Fu, Zhike Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Jietang Zhao, Guibing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"Litchi holds paramount economic significance as a global fruit crop. However, the advancement of litchi functional genomics encounters substantial obstacles due to its recalcitrance to stable transformation. Here, we present an efficacious -mediated transformation system in somatic embryo of ‘Heiye’ litchi. This system was developed through meticulous optimization of variables encompassing explant selection, strain delineation, bacterium concentration, infection duration, and infection methodology. The subsequent validation of the transformation technique in litchi was realized through the ectopic expression of , resulting in the generation of transgenic calli. However, it was discerned that the differentiation of transgenic calli into somatic embryos encountered substantial challenges. To delve into the intricate molecular underpinnings of ’s inhibitory role in somatic embryo induction, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted encompassing embryogenic calli (C), globular embryos (G), and transgenic calli (TC). A total of 1166 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between C-vs-G and C-vs-TC. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that these common DEGs were most related to plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, RT-qPCR corroborated pronounced down-regulation of numerous genes intricately associated with somatic embryos induction within the transgenic calli. The development of this transformation system has provided valuable support for functional genomics research in litchi.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice. An 11-year field experiment (22 cropping periods) was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil. Four treatments with equal N, PO, and KO inputs were selected, including complete inorganic fertilizer N (CN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% pig manure-N (CPN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 25% pig manure N and 25% corn straw N (CPSN), and 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% corn straw N (CSN). Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment. From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods, the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5-11.1% greater than in CN treatment. After 11-year fertilization, compared to CN, organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO-N, NH-N, acid hydrolysis ammonium-N (AHAN), amino acid-N (AAN), amino sugar-N (ASN), and acid hydrolysis unknown-N (AHUN) in soil by 45.0-69.4%, 32.8-58.1%, 9.3-66.6%, 62.0-69.5%, 34.5-100.3%, and 109.2-172.9%, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions. The highest concentrations of NO-N, AHAN, AAN, AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment. Organic substitution treatments increased the activities of β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, L-aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the soil. Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle, indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms. Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of PLFAs in the soil by 109.9-205.3%, and increased the relative abundance of G bacteria and fungi taxa, but decreased the relative abundance of G bacteria, total bacteria, and actinomycetes. Overall, long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration, C/N, and the microbial population, the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity. Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N (AHN), and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N (NAHN) to AHN, thus improving vegetable yield. Application of inorganic fertilizer, manure, and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone.
{"title":"Effects of long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with pig manure and/or straw on nitrogen fractions and microbiological properties in greenhouse vegetable soils?","authors":"Shuo Yuan, Ruonan Li, Yinjie Zhang, Haoan Luan, Jiwei Tang, Liying Wang, Hongjie Ji, Shaowen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice. An 11-year field experiment (22 cropping periods) was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil. Four treatments with equal N, PO, and KO inputs were selected, including complete inorganic fertilizer N (CN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% pig manure-N (CPN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 25% pig manure N and 25% corn straw N (CPSN), and 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% corn straw N (CSN). Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment. From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods, the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5-11.1% greater than in CN treatment. After 11-year fertilization, compared to CN, organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO-N, NH-N, acid hydrolysis ammonium-N (AHAN), amino acid-N (AAN), amino sugar-N (ASN), and acid hydrolysis unknown-N (AHUN) in soil by 45.0-69.4%, 32.8-58.1%, 9.3-66.6%, 62.0-69.5%, 34.5-100.3%, and 109.2-172.9%, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions. The highest concentrations of NO-N, AHAN, AAN, AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment. Organic substitution treatments increased the activities of β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, L-aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the soil. Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle, indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms. Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of PLFAs in the soil by 109.9-205.3%, and increased the relative abundance of G bacteria and fungi taxa, but decreased the relative abundance of G bacteria, total bacteria, and actinomycetes. Overall, long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration, C/N, and the microbial population, the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity. Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N (AHN), and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N (NAHN) to AHN, thus improving vegetable yield. Application of inorganic fertilizer, manure, and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140009405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, an unusual wilt disease affecting has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu, China. This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues, even extending over two meters above the ground. These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year. Furthermore, this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees, presenting a substantial threat to pear production. To ascertain the causative agent, the present study encompassed pathogen isolation, morphological and molecular identification, as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates. The fungal isolates obtained were identified as based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia, in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), calmodulin (), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit () genes. Pathogenicity of the isolated on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation. By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots, colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage, conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of causing pear wilt disease in China.
近年来，在中国江苏的多个地区发现了一种不寻常的枯萎病。这种病害从根部开始，沿维管束组织发展，出现明显的褐斑，甚至延伸到地面两米以上。这些症状使其有别于公认的梨树病害，通常会导致受害树木在当年或次年死亡。此外，即使在移除受害树木后，这种疾病仍有向邻近树木蔓延的趋势，对梨树生产构成严重威胁。为了确定病原体，本研究包括病原体分离、形态学和分子鉴定，以及根据科赫假说进行的验证实验。除了利用翻译延伸因子 1-α（）、钙调素（）和 RNA 聚合酶第二大亚基（）基因的 DNA 序列进行系统发育分析外，还根据菌落和分生孢子的特征对获得的真菌分离物进行了鉴定。通过人工接种证实了分离到梨上的病原菌的致病性。通过荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜，将标记了 GFP 的病原体引入根部，观察其在茎和叶组织中的定殖情况。此外，还成功地从茎和叶片中重新分离出了这些病原体，为梨植株内的系统感染提供了确凿证据。据我们所知，这是中国首次报道梨枯萎病。
{"title":"Identification of Fusarium cugenangense as a causal agent of wilt disease on Pyrus pyrifolia in China1","authors":"Chaohui Li, Xiaogang Li, Weibo Sun, Yanan Zhao, Yifan Jia, Chenyang Han, Peijie Gong, Shutian Tao, Yancun Zhao, Fengquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, an unusual wilt disease affecting has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu, China. This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues, even extending over two meters above the ground. These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year. Furthermore, this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees, presenting a substantial threat to pear production. To ascertain the causative agent, the present study encompassed pathogen isolation, morphological and molecular identification, as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates. The fungal isolates obtained were identified as based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia, in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), calmodulin (), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit () genes. Pathogenicity of the isolated on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation. By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots, colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage, conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of causing pear wilt disease in China.","PeriodicalId":16305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140009520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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