Background: the regular use of reliable health information from a well-designed routine health information system is indispensable for ensuring and sustaining improvements in health system performance. However, In Ethiopia the prevailing practice in terms of effectively utilizing health information is not satisfactory and utilization of health information at the local level is still a challenge. Objective: To determine utilization of Community Health information systems and associated factors in health posts of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Method: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted in Health post of Hadiya zone, from February 1 to 15/2018 using both quantitative and qualitative approach. The calculated sample 420 Health Extension workers found in 210 Health posts was allocated to each district proportionally based on their number of health posts. Then, Health posts were selected by simple random sampling method from each District, and health extension workers found in the selected Health posts was part of the study. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significantly associated factors. For qualitative study, health extension workers who are not participated in quantitative study were selected purposively based on their work experience. Result: Overall, Good utilization of community health information was 41%. Monthly Supportive supervision (AOR=1.72; CI=1.02, 2.91), written feedback (AOR=5.33; CI = 3.27, 8.69) and Compiled and send additional parallel reports (AOR=4.41; CI =2.35-8.30) were factors significantly associated with utilization of community health information system. In qualitative study, the existing tools were difficult to use and understand because they prepared in English language, high burden of workload and no adequate work force at health post level were the main challenge in using CHIS. Conclusion and Recommendation : Utilization of health information at health post level was found to be far below the national expectation. It needs major improvement in frequency of supportive supervision, sending of written feedback and improving integrated reporting channel system. Keywords : Community health information systems, Health information, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/63-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
{"title":"Utilization of Community Health Information System and Associated Factors in Health Posts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Nigusse Mekonnen Kara","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/63-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/63-03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the regular use of reliable health information from a well-designed routine health information system is indispensable for ensuring and sustaining improvements in health system performance. However, In Ethiopia the prevailing practice in terms of effectively utilizing health information is not satisfactory and utilization of health information at the local level is still a challenge. Objective: To determine utilization of Community Health information systems and associated factors in health posts of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Method: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted in Health post of Hadiya zone, from February 1 to 15/2018 using both quantitative and qualitative approach. The calculated sample 420 Health Extension workers found in 210 Health posts was allocated to each district proportionally based on their number of health posts. Then, Health posts were selected by simple random sampling method from each District, and health extension workers found in the selected Health posts was part of the study. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significantly associated factors. For qualitative study, health extension workers who are not participated in quantitative study were selected purposively based on their work experience. Result: Overall, Good utilization of community health information was 41%. Monthly Supportive supervision (AOR=1.72; CI=1.02, 2.91), written feedback (AOR=5.33; CI = 3.27, 8.69) and Compiled and send additional parallel reports (AOR=4.41; CI =2.35-8.30) were factors significantly associated with utilization of community health information system. In qualitative study, the existing tools were difficult to use and understand because they prepared in English language, high burden of workload and no adequate work force at health post level were the main challenge in using CHIS. Conclusion and Recommendation : Utilization of health information at health post level was found to be far below the national expectation. It needs major improvement in frequency of supportive supervision, sending of written feedback and improving integrated reporting channel system. Keywords : Community health information systems, Health information, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/63-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"31 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85653689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the prevalence of respiratory system symptoms among the workers of automobile industry who are frequently exposed to hazardous chemical agent and dust. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Nishtar Hospital Multan, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. from August 2018 to March 2019. Methodology: Sixty eight participants of which 34 were exposed and 34 were non-exposed workers of an automobile factory were selected. Age, BMI, smoking history, lung functions including FEV 1 , FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PEF 25-75 and VC before and after the work shift, symptoms including dry throat, runny nose, headache, fatigue, cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and wheeze; and chest tightness were compared between the cases and controls. Independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square tests were applied. Data was analyzed with SPSS v.23.0 after considering p<0.05 statistically significant. Results: FEV 1 , PEF, and VC were significantly decreased in the exposed workers as compared those who were not exposed (p-value <0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The decrease in FVC and FEV1/FVC and FEV1/VC ratio was also significant (p-value 0.011, 0.002 and 0.048, respectively). Dry throat, runny nose and fatigue were significantly more in cases (p-value 0.022, 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). Cough, phlegm, wheeze, and dyspnea; and chest tightness were more prevalent in the cases (p-value 0.015, <0.001, 0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Decline in lung functions and prevalence of respiratory symptoms were significant in the workers exposed to dust and BTEX warranting the performance of lung function tests before and after the employment for the identification of the sensitive personnel. Keywords: automobile factories, respiratory symptoms, prevalence. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Assessment of the prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among the Workers of Automobile Industry","authors":"Andleeb Shariq, S. Akhtar, B. Nazar","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/65-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/65-07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of respiratory system symptoms among the workers of automobile industry who are frequently exposed to hazardous chemical agent and dust. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Nishtar Hospital Multan, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. from August 2018 to March 2019. Methodology: Sixty eight participants of which 34 were exposed and 34 were non-exposed workers of an automobile factory were selected. Age, BMI, smoking history, lung functions including FEV 1 , FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PEF 25-75 and VC before and after the work shift, symptoms including dry throat, runny nose, headache, fatigue, cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and wheeze; and chest tightness were compared between the cases and controls. Independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square tests were applied. Data was analyzed with SPSS v.23.0 after considering p<0.05 statistically significant. Results: FEV 1 , PEF, and VC were significantly decreased in the exposed workers as compared those who were not exposed (p-value <0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The decrease in FVC and FEV1/FVC and FEV1/VC ratio was also significant (p-value 0.011, 0.002 and 0.048, respectively). Dry throat, runny nose and fatigue were significantly more in cases (p-value 0.022, 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). Cough, phlegm, wheeze, and dyspnea; and chest tightness were more prevalent in the cases (p-value 0.015, <0.001, 0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Decline in lung functions and prevalence of respiratory symptoms were significant in the workers exposed to dust and BTEX warranting the performance of lung function tests before and after the employment for the identification of the sensitive personnel. Keywords: automobile factories, respiratory symptoms, prevalence. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76405898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan is a developing country, and the status of children's health is less than satisfactory all over the region. This is evident by the high morbidity and mortality rate of under-five children. The shocking aspect is that the majority of causes are those that can be prevented and treated. Factors contributing to child health are parenting cultural values, physical environment, education, poverty, housing, and health care facilities. All these determinants emphasize that child health is encircled around three essential features of society parents, community, and health services. Focusing on just one will not bring an effective outcome until a collaborative approach is achieved. Here in this article model of child health proposed by the Better Start Child Health and Development Research Group at the University of Adelaide’s School of Population is applied to address child health. Health gives as a rubric of “Five by Five” that is based on the concept that there are five basic domains of child health and each requires a collaborative approach of child, parents, community and health system. Keywords: Child health, health services, Parents, Community DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Role of Parents, Community, and Health Care System in Child Health","authors":"M. Liaqat, M. Hussain, M. Afzal, S. A. Gillani","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-03","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is a developing country, and the status of children's health is less than satisfactory all over the region. This is evident by the high morbidity and mortality rate of under-five children. The shocking aspect is that the majority of causes are those that can be prevented and treated. Factors contributing to child health are parenting cultural values, physical environment, education, poverty, housing, and health care facilities. All these determinants emphasize that child health is encircled around three essential features of society parents, community, and health services. Focusing on just one will not bring an effective outcome until a collaborative approach is achieved. Here in this article model of child health proposed by the Better Start Child Health and Development Research Group at the University of Adelaide’s School of Population is applied to address child health. Health gives as a rubric of “Five by Five” that is based on the concept that there are five basic domains of child health and each requires a collaborative approach of child, parents, community and health system. Keywords: Child health, health services, Parents, Community DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84808652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis B virus, the most infectious health burden worldwide. Significant HBV in community. HBV infection is prevailing all around rapidly. Factors to proceed HBV. Poor cognition regarding hepatitis B, undeveloped education about health care, severe stigma in society , and also the unsatisfactory medical services. Barriers : Lack of proper diagnosis and treat due to the lack of awareness about it ,lack of health care providence Conclusion: Improvement in education about health services and treatment can make this all better and this may be achievable through well organized and targeted community based screening and educational interventions. Keywords: Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-06 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Manage the Barriers to the Control and Prevention of Hepatitis B in the Community","authors":"R. Kausar","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-06","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus, the most infectious health burden worldwide. Significant HBV in community. HBV infection is prevailing all around rapidly. Factors to proceed HBV. Poor cognition regarding hepatitis B, undeveloped education about health care, severe stigma in society , and also the unsatisfactory medical services. Barriers : Lack of proper diagnosis and treat due to the lack of awareness about it ,lack of health care providence Conclusion: Improvement in education about health services and treatment can make this all better and this may be achievable through well organized and targeted community based screening and educational interventions. Keywords: Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-06 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81942906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine mean serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using metformin. Study Design: Prospective Cross sectional Study Location and Duration: Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from March 2018 to September 2019. Methodology: Ninety two patients were involved after getting informed consent. HbA1 c, body mass index and blood pressure and deficiency for vitamin B12 was assessed by using electro-chem-iluminescence immunoassay method. B12 levels were categorized as normal (>220pg/ml), possibly deficient (150 to 220 pg/ml) and definitely deficient (<150pg/ml). Neuropathy was assessed and was classified by using Toronto clinical scoring system by the researcher himself. All the data was subjected to statistical analysis using computer software SPSS version 23. Continuous variables were analyzed by their mean and standard deviation while quantitative variables were analyzed by frequency and percentages. Chi square test was applied and P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean Serum B-12 levels were 378.42±161.27 pg/ml and 488.90±147.02 pg/ml in metformin and non-metformin groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The patients who were possibly deficient and definitely deficient were 15 (28.30%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group and were significantly more (p=0.006) than non-metformin group i.e. 4 (10.26%) and 0. The mean Toronto Neuropathy Score was statistically different (p<0.001) between metformin group (6.03±1.73) and non-metformin group (4.13±1.75). The patients who had mild neuropathy and moderate neuropathy were 23 (43.39%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group, while 6 (15.38%) and 2 (5.13%) in non-metformin group. Statistically, both the groups were significantly different (p=0.005). Conclusion: At the end of this study conclusion can be made that metformin use for type II diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and worsening of already susceptible neuropathy. Keywords: vitamin B12, Type II diabetes mellitus, neuropathy. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-15 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Association of Mean Serum Vitamin B-12 levels in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with and without Metformin therapy.","authors":"A. Jehangir, Aamna Asghar, Ayesha Iftikhar","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine mean serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using metformin. Study Design: Prospective Cross sectional Study Location and Duration: Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from March 2018 to September 2019. Methodology: Ninety two patients were involved after getting informed consent. HbA1 c, body mass index and blood pressure and deficiency for vitamin B12 was assessed by using electro-chem-iluminescence immunoassay method. B12 levels were categorized as normal (>220pg/ml), possibly deficient (150 to 220 pg/ml) and definitely deficient (<150pg/ml). Neuropathy was assessed and was classified by using Toronto clinical scoring system by the researcher himself. All the data was subjected to statistical analysis using computer software SPSS version 23. Continuous variables were analyzed by their mean and standard deviation while quantitative variables were analyzed by frequency and percentages. Chi square test was applied and P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean Serum B-12 levels were 378.42±161.27 pg/ml and 488.90±147.02 pg/ml in metformin and non-metformin groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The patients who were possibly deficient and definitely deficient were 15 (28.30%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group and were significantly more (p=0.006) than non-metformin group i.e. 4 (10.26%) and 0. The mean Toronto Neuropathy Score was statistically different (p<0.001) between metformin group (6.03±1.73) and non-metformin group (4.13±1.75). The patients who had mild neuropathy and moderate neuropathy were 23 (43.39%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group, while 6 (15.38%) and 2 (5.13%) in non-metformin group. Statistically, both the groups were significantly different (p=0.005). Conclusion: At the end of this study conclusion can be made that metformin use for type II diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and worsening of already susceptible neuropathy. Keywords: vitamin B12, Type II diabetes mellitus, neuropathy. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-15 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83751817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background; A major cause of cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality is the development of variceal bleeding, a direct consequence of portal hypertension. Each episode of active variceal bleeding is associated with 30 percent mortality. This study was planned to determine frequency of variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and frequency of in-hospital mortality of these patients in our population. Objective; To determine the frequency of variceal bleed in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis of liver and its outcome in terms of in-hospital mortality. Material and Methods; Consecutive 139 Patient diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver were included in this cross-sectional study from department of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. Complete history and physical examination was assessed to document duration of duration of liver disease, ascites, Hepatic encephalopathy, Previous GI bleed and systemic coagulopathy. All the patients had undergone diagnostic upper GI endoscopic examination to document varices. Results; Of these 139 study cases, 77 (55.4 %) were male and 62 (44.6 %) were female. Mean age of our study cases was 45.50 ± 10.81 years. Mean duration of disease (liver cirrhosis) was 3.25 ± 2.32 years. Majority of our study cases i.e. 94 (67.6%) were having liver cirrhosis for the duration of less than 5 years. Child-Pugh class C was more prevalent i.e. 77 (55.4%) of our study cases. Variceal bleeding was observed in 100 (71.9 %) of our study cases. Frequency of mortality was 35 (25.2%) in our study cases with liver cirrhosis, while frequency of mortality in patients with variceal bleeding was seen in 31 (31%). Variceal bleeding was significantly associated with disease severity (p<0.001). Conclusion; Very high frequency of variceal bleeding was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. In-hospital mortality was significantly more prevalent in patients with variceal bleeding than without bleed. Variceal bleeding was significantly more seen in patients with increasing age, duration of disease and with more severe level of disease (Child Pugh class C). There was no statistically significant difference of bleeding with regards to gender. Keywords; Liver Cirrhosis, Variceal bleeding, Mortality. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-13 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
背景;肝硬化相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因是静脉曲张出血的发展，这是门静脉高压的直接后果。每次活动性静脉曲张出血与30%的死亡率相关。本研究旨在确定我国人群中肝硬化患者静脉曲张出血的频率和这些患者住院死亡率的频率。客观的;目的探讨肝硬化住院患者静脉曲张出血的发生频率及其与住院死亡率的关系。材料与方法;本横断面研究纳入了Bahawalpur巴哈瓦尔维多利亚医院医学系连续139例肝硬化患者。评估完整的病史和体格检查，以记录肝病、腹水、肝性脑病、既往消化道出血和全身性凝血病的持续时间。所有患者都进行了诊断性上消化道内镜检查以证实静脉曲张。结果;139例研究病例中，男性77例(55.4%)，女性62例(44.6%)。研究病例的平均年龄为45.50±10.81岁。平均病程(肝硬化)为3.25±2.32年。我们的大多数研究病例，即94例(67.6%)的肝硬化持续时间不到5年。Child-Pugh C型更为普遍，77例(55.4%)。在我们的研究病例中，有100例(71.9%)出现静脉曲张出血。肝硬化患者的死亡率为35例(25.2%)，而静脉曲张出血患者的死亡率为31例(31%)。静脉曲张出血与疾病严重程度显著相关(p<0.001)。结论;肝硬化患者出现静脉曲张出血的频率很高。静脉曲张出血患者的住院死亡率明显高于无出血患者。随着年龄的增加、病程的延长以及病情的加重，静脉曲张出血明显增多(Child Pugh class C)。出血的性别差异无统计学意义。关键字;肝硬化，静脉曲张出血，死亡率。DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-13出版日期:12月31日2019
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF VARICEAL BLEED WITH SEVERITY OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Muhammad Haseeb Zia, H. Sarwar, M. Asghar","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-13","url":null,"abstract":"Background; A major cause of cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality is the development of variceal bleeding, a direct consequence of portal hypertension. Each episode of active variceal bleeding is associated with 30 percent mortality. This study was planned to determine frequency of variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and frequency of in-hospital mortality of these patients in our population. Objective; To determine the frequency of variceal bleed in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis of liver and its outcome in terms of in-hospital mortality. Material and Methods; Consecutive 139 Patient diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver were included in this cross-sectional study from department of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. Complete history and physical examination was assessed to document duration of duration of liver disease, ascites, Hepatic encephalopathy, Previous GI bleed and systemic coagulopathy. All the patients had undergone diagnostic upper GI endoscopic examination to document varices. Results; Of these 139 study cases, 77 (55.4 %) were male and 62 (44.6 %) were female. Mean age of our study cases was 45.50 ± 10.81 years. Mean duration of disease (liver cirrhosis) was 3.25 ± 2.32 years. Majority of our study cases i.e. 94 (67.6%) were having liver cirrhosis for the duration of less than 5 years. Child-Pugh class C was more prevalent i.e. 77 (55.4%) of our study cases. Variceal bleeding was observed in 100 (71.9 %) of our study cases. Frequency of mortality was 35 (25.2%) in our study cases with liver cirrhosis, while frequency of mortality in patients with variceal bleeding was seen in 31 (31%). Variceal bleeding was significantly associated with disease severity (p<0.001). Conclusion; Very high frequency of variceal bleeding was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. In-hospital mortality was significantly more prevalent in patients with variceal bleeding than without bleed. Variceal bleeding was significantly more seen in patients with increasing age, duration of disease and with more severe level of disease (Child Pugh class C). There was no statistically significant difference of bleeding with regards to gender. Keywords; Liver Cirrhosis, Variceal bleeding, Mortality. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-13 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81661159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, dengue has become a shared infection transmitted by mosquitoes, one of the main international health problems. In broad spectrum clinical manifestations, symptomatic dengue virus can occur from gentle febrile sickness to hazardous shock disorder. As a contribution to the manifestation of the disease, both the viral factor and the host have an important role in each infection. It is significant to realize the burden of mortality and morbidity in health care. Early intuition and dengue fever diagnosis in primary health care services can minimize complications if managed appropriately. We must apprehend the intensity of the complication in in relation to clinical picture, treatment, transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Keywords: Dengue, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-07 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Community and health care involvement to controlling and Management of dengue fever in Pakistan","authors":"Tahmina Bano, M. Hussain, M. Afzal","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-07","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, dengue has become a shared infection transmitted by mosquitoes, one of the main international health problems. In broad spectrum clinical manifestations, symptomatic dengue virus can occur from gentle febrile sickness to hazardous shock disorder. As a contribution to the manifestation of the disease, both the viral factor and the host have an important role in each infection. It is significant to realize the burden of mortality and morbidity in health care. Early intuition and dengue fever diagnosis in primary health care services can minimize complications if managed appropriately. We must apprehend the intensity of the complication in in relation to clinical picture, treatment, transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Keywords: Dengue, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-07 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81075718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective : To analyze hyperlipidemia patterns among newly diagnosed young diabetic patients. Study Design : A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Nawaz Shareef Medical College and Rawalpindi Medical University from Jan 2017 and Jan 2018. Methodology: All the patients were young and newly diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was done via non probability consecutive sampling included patients’ demographics, past medical history, co-morbidities, and lab findings were assessed. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze data. P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results : Eighty patients were included in this study. Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, macrovascular complications, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma history, family history and hypertension were noted in n=12 (15%), n=6 (7.5%), n=9 (11.3%), n=1 (1.3%), n=34 (42.5%) and n=11 (13.8%) respectively. The mean hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, of the patients was 4.54±0.52 mmol/L, 2.59±1.13 mmol/L, 1.39±0.80 mmol/L, 1.03±0.59 mmol/L respectively. Conclusion : the study has shown that the prevalence of increased levels of triglycerides is more than increased LDL cholesterol levels among these patients. As it has been established that hypertriglyceridemia is a known risk factor for causing cardiovascular disorders among diabetic patients, it should be addressed and managed accordingly at the onset of diabetes. Key words : Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, insulin. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-08 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
目的:分析初诊青年糖尿病患者高脂血症的特点。研究设计:描述性横断面研究。地点和时间:研究于2017年1月和2018年1月在Nawaz Shareef医学院和拉瓦尔品第医科大学进行。方法:所有患者均为年轻、新诊断的糖尿病患者。通过非概率连续抽样收集数据，包括患者的人口统计学、既往病史、合并症，并评估实验室结果。采用SPSS version 24进行数据分析。P值≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:80例患者纳入本研究。糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、大血管并发症、高血糖性高渗性非酮症昏迷史、家族史和高血压患者分别为n=12(15%)、n=6(7.5%)、n=9(11.3%)、n=1(1.3%)、n=34(42.5%)和n=11(13.8%)。患者平均高脂血症、高甘油三酯血症分别为4.54±0.52 mmol/L、2.59±1.13 mmol/L、1.39±0.80 mmol/L、1.03±0.59 mmol/L。结论:研究表明，在这些患者中，甘油三酯水平升高的患病率高于LDL胆固醇水平升高的患病率。由于已经确定高甘油三酯血症是引起糖尿病患者心血管疾病的已知危险因素，因此应在糖尿病发病时进行相应的处理和管理。关键词:高脂血症，糖尿病，低密度脂蛋白，高密度脂蛋白，胰岛素DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-08出版日期:12月31日2019
{"title":"Analysis of Hyperlipidemia Pattern in newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients","authors":"Shazma Ansar Butt, Nasira Pervaiz, M. Mehmood","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : To analyze hyperlipidemia patterns among newly diagnosed young diabetic patients. Study Design : A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Nawaz Shareef Medical College and Rawalpindi Medical University from Jan 2017 and Jan 2018. Methodology: All the patients were young and newly diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was done via non probability consecutive sampling included patients’ demographics, past medical history, co-morbidities, and lab findings were assessed. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze data. P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results : Eighty patients were included in this study. Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, macrovascular complications, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma history, family history and hypertension were noted in n=12 (15%), n=6 (7.5%), n=9 (11.3%), n=1 (1.3%), n=34 (42.5%) and n=11 (13.8%) respectively. The mean hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, of the patients was 4.54±0.52 mmol/L, 2.59±1.13 mmol/L, 1.39±0.80 mmol/L, 1.03±0.59 mmol/L respectively. Conclusion : the study has shown that the prevalence of increased levels of triglycerides is more than increased LDL cholesterol levels among these patients. As it has been established that hypertriglyceridemia is a known risk factor for causing cardiovascular disorders among diabetic patients, it should be addressed and managed accordingly at the onset of diabetes. Key words : Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, insulin. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-08 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77422504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Nishtar Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2017 to April 8, 2018. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results : Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
目的:探讨导致胎粪吸入综合征的各种因素的发生频率。材料与方法:本描述性横断面研究在木尔坦市Nishtar医院儿科医学部进行。为期6个月，即从2017年10月8日到2018年4月8日。采用非概率连续抽样技术。有声带染色和呼吸窘迫的新生儿纳入本研究。所有新生儿均行ABG及X线胸片检查。产后妊娠、IUGR、胎便厚、1、5分钟APGAR评分低等因素。所有收集到的数据都在SPSS version 23上输入和分析。采用卡方检验和T检验检验危险因素与胎粪吸入综合征的相关性。P值为0.05认为显著。结果:共入组150例婴儿，平均年龄37.37±18.96小时，男女性别比为1.03:1。产妇平均年龄28.85±6.602岁。胎便厚89例(59.33%)，顺产79例(52.7%)，产后妊娠68例(45.3%)，IUGR 52例(34.7%)，1 min APGAR评分差79例(52.7%)。结论:本研究结果显示，胎粪吸入综合征与产妇年龄(P值0.000)、妊娠后期(P值0.001)、IUGR (P值0.021)、5分钟APGAR评分差(P值0.034)、胎粪厚(P值0.000)有显著关系。关键词:日期，胎粪吸出，综合征，APGAR，妊娠DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-05出版日期:2019年12月31日
{"title":"Frequency of Various Risk Factors for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome","authors":"M. Gulzar, Urwah Ehsan, Muhammad Umair","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Nishtar Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2017 to April 8, 2018. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results : Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83963674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The health care delivery system (HCDS) of a country plays a significant contribution to its development. The provision of effective, efficient, and quality health services leading to decreasing morbidity and mortality rate across the country. Primarily, these services are provided to promote, protect and maintain the health of every individual and enable them to take an active role in country development. Health is now a global issue and HCDS and its challenges are varies from country to country. Analysis of HCDS is important to determine its key resources, challenges and effective utilization of these resources. Here, we analyze HCDS of Pakistan in contrast to Nepal with aspects of health services, financing, health workforce, medical products and technologies, information, service delivery and give some recommendations at the end that address the key problems in the systems. Keywords: HCDS, Pakistan, Nepal, Health workforce DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Analysis of the Health Care Delivery System in Pakistan and Nepal","authors":"M. Liaqat, M. Hussain, I. Liaqat","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/62-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/62-02","url":null,"abstract":"The health care delivery system (HCDS) of a country plays a significant contribution to its development. The provision of effective, efficient, and quality health services leading to decreasing morbidity and mortality rate across the country. Primarily, these services are provided to promote, protect and maintain the health of every individual and enable them to take an active role in country development. Health is now a global issue and HCDS and its challenges are varies from country to country. Analysis of HCDS is important to determine its key resources, challenges and effective utilization of these resources. Here, we analyze HCDS of Pakistan in contrast to Nepal with aspects of health services, financing, health workforce, medical products and technologies, information, service delivery and give some recommendations at the end that address the key problems in the systems. Keywords: HCDS, Pakistan, Nepal, Health workforce DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/62-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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