Background: The aim of the study was to determine obesity rate in Pakistani teenagers of Multan South-Punjab Pakistan, with high amount of fast food consumption. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the month of November 2019 in Multan, Pakistan. Information was collected from teenagers of different age groups ranging from 13-19 years old. A self- structured questionnaire was designed containing four sections to gathered information from participants. BMI and %age of different variables were calculated. Results: Total no of 1000 teenagers including male 536(53.6%) and females 464(46.4%) were approached out of which 334(34.4%) were overweight having BMI=25-29.9 and 544(54.4%) were obese having BMI>30.Mostly of them were 17-year-old 425(42.5%). Obesity rate is higher both in males and females but mostly females were more prone. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that consumption of fast food on daily basis and increased caloric intake will leads towards obesity among teenagers now a days. Obesity rate is greater in females as compared to males however both males and females were prone towards obesity due to increased consumption (thrice a day) of fast food. Other variables like residential area of participants and type of fast food eaten were also accountable in this regard. Keywords : FOOD CONSUMPTION, OBESITY, PAKISTAN DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-06 Publication date: June 30th 2020
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION WITH OBESITY - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY CONDUCTED AT NISHTAR HOSPITAL MULTAN, PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Khalid, Fatima Bano, A. Paracha","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/66-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/66-06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the study was to determine obesity rate in Pakistani teenagers of Multan South-Punjab Pakistan, with high amount of fast food consumption. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the month of November 2019 in Multan, Pakistan. Information was collected from teenagers of different age groups ranging from 13-19 years old. A self- structured questionnaire was designed containing four sections to gathered information from participants. BMI and %age of different variables were calculated. Results: Total no of 1000 teenagers including male 536(53.6%) and females 464(46.4%) were approached out of which 334(34.4%) were overweight having BMI=25-29.9 and 544(54.4%) were obese having BMI>30.Mostly of them were 17-year-old 425(42.5%). Obesity rate is higher both in males and females but mostly females were more prone. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that consumption of fast food on daily basis and increased caloric intake will leads towards obesity among teenagers now a days. Obesity rate is greater in females as compared to males however both males and females were prone towards obesity due to increased consumption (thrice a day) of fast food. Other variables like residential area of participants and type of fast food eaten were also accountable in this regard. Keywords : FOOD CONSUMPTION, OBESITY, PAKISTAN DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-06 Publication date: June 30th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79564026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the pattern of thoracic surgical disease and surgical interventions performed in the Thoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methodology: The following is a retrospective descriptive purposive study done in the year 2016 at the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Nishter Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. All the patients who were admitted through out-patient department or referred from other units, over the year 2016, were analyzed. Variables under consideration included mode of admission, patient’s diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, type of anesthesia induced and the mortality. Data was presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 634 patients (370 females and 264 males) were admitted during the study period, out of which 566 came through the out-patient department while the remaining were referrals from other wards. In total, 697 surgeries were performed with esophagoscopy and dilation being the most frequent (38.7%), followed by tracheostomy (16.3%). Corrosive intake (49.8%) accounted as the cause for the highest number of admissions followed by empyema thoracis (11.4%). Conclusion: Local study on the topic of Thoracic Surgery audit, in terms of surgeries performed and variation of cases presented, has become an absolute necessity for better health care planning of Pakistan. The pattern of thoracic surgical diseases varies considerably in different regions and populations. The evaluation of these disease patterns can help to adopt appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Furthermore, it can significantly improve our health system. KEYWORDS: Thoracic surgery, Thoracic surgical diseases, Surgical Audit, Pakistan, Pattern of disease DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020
{"title":"Pattern of Chest Surgery Related Diseases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of South-Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"M. Khalid, Fatima Bano, A. Paracha","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/66-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/66-07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the pattern of thoracic surgical disease and surgical interventions performed in the Thoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methodology: The following is a retrospective descriptive purposive study done in the year 2016 at the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Nishter Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. All the patients who were admitted through out-patient department or referred from other units, over the year 2016, were analyzed. Variables under consideration included mode of admission, patient’s diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, type of anesthesia induced and the mortality. Data was presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 634 patients (370 females and 264 males) were admitted during the study period, out of which 566 came through the out-patient department while the remaining were referrals from other wards. In total, 697 surgeries were performed with esophagoscopy and dilation being the most frequent (38.7%), followed by tracheostomy (16.3%). Corrosive intake (49.8%) accounted as the cause for the highest number of admissions followed by empyema thoracis (11.4%). Conclusion: Local study on the topic of Thoracic Surgery audit, in terms of surgeries performed and variation of cases presented, has become an absolute necessity for better health care planning of Pakistan. The pattern of thoracic surgical diseases varies considerably in different regions and populations. The evaluation of these disease patterns can help to adopt appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Furthermore, it can significantly improve our health system. KEYWORDS: Thoracic surgery, Thoracic surgical diseases, Surgical Audit, Pakistan, Pattern of disease DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83691430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the second cause of mortality in women all around the world. It is caused by several factors including genetic determinants, so that both genetic susceptibility factors and environmental factors are involved in the etiology. Significance of genes functioning in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism are well established in breast cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis pathway and in the metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens to genotoxic intermediates, such as cytochrome P450C17α (CYP17) was closely examined in this women-based case control study of Iraqi women aged range (27–91). The associations between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP17 gene and breast cancer for 105 women with breast cancer and 120disease- free controls were evaluated. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used with MspA1 digested enzyme for the PCR products. There was no significant C→T (rs743572) CYP17 associated with breast cancer in the Iraqi women studied. Keywords: breast cancer, CYP17, P450, SNPs. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-05 Publication date: June 30th 2020
{"title":"Association of CYP19A1 rs743572 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk Factor in Iraqi Women- Case Control Study","authors":"Iman Al-Bedairy, A. A. Faisal","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/66-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/66-05","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the second cause of mortality in women all around the world. It is caused by several factors including genetic determinants, so that both genetic susceptibility factors and environmental factors are involved in the etiology. Significance of genes functioning in steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism are well established in breast cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis pathway and in the metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens to genotoxic intermediates, such as cytochrome P450C17α (CYP17) was closely examined in this women-based case control study of Iraqi women aged range (27–91). The associations between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP17 gene and breast cancer for 105 women with breast cancer and 120disease- free controls were evaluated. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used with MspA1 digested enzyme for the PCR products. There was no significant C→T (rs743572) CYP17 associated with breast cancer in the Iraqi women studied. Keywords: breast cancer, CYP17, P450, SNPs. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-05 Publication date: June 30th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88294397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Objective : The ultimate objective of this study was to assess and validate the accuracy of fetal weight measurement by using Johnson’s formula and its comparison with fetal weight estimated by using ultrasound. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahwalpur. This study took 5 months (16, January 2018 to 20, July 2019). In this trial total number of 369 pregnant mothers were included and Systematic random sampling was used for selection of mothers. First mother was selected randomly. All the data entered and analyzed by computer software SPSS 23.2. The value of P=0.005 considered to be significant. Result: A total number of 100% (n=369) women were included in this study. The mean age, parity, height and weight of the patients was 29.12±4.02 years, 2.86±1.5parity, and 149.9±3.94 cm and 51.86±3.86 kg respectively. The study population comprised of 60.4% (n=223) illiterate and 39.6% (n=146) literate women. The age distribution showed 62.3% (n=230) women between 21-30 years 37.7% (n=139) between 31-40 years. There were 54.2% (n=200) women with height 140-150 cm and 45.8% (n=169) between 151-160 cm. It was observed that there were 36% (n=133) women had weight between 40-50 kg and 64% (n=236) had weight between 51-60 kg. There were 66.1% (n=244) women had parity between 1-3 and 33.9% (n=125) had parity between 4-6.The Johnson’s formula was seen to overestimate the fetal weight. To check the equality of means weight, one way ANOVA was applied, it was seen that all the variables i.e. Johnson’s formula, ultrasound and actual weight had the different means with significant p-value i.e. 0.000 having F-value 18.08. Conclusion : We can conclude from this study that the fetal weight estimated by Johnson’s formula is overestimated while ultrasound estimation of fetal weight always is near to actual weight after delivery. study, sample size was calculated by online source Openepi. con. The mothers with the singleton term pregnancy admitted either for normal vaginal delivery, induction labor or elective caesarean section were include in this study. Preterm labor, abnormal lie and presentation, ruptured membrane, polyhydramnios , unbooked women, multiple pregnancies, ante partum hemorrhage and eclampsia, oiygohyriumnios, anteriorly inserted placenta, poor visualization of fetal parts and uterine fibroids are included in exclusion criteria.
{"title":"Estimation of Fetal Weight by Johnson’s Formula, Ultrasound and after Delivery","authors":"Sana Zahid Choudhry, M. Iqbal, N. Zahid","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/65-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/65-09","url":null,"abstract":": Objective : The ultimate objective of this study was to assess and validate the accuracy of fetal weight measurement by using Johnson’s formula and its comparison with fetal weight estimated by using ultrasound. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahwalpur. This study took 5 months (16, January 2018 to 20, July 2019). In this trial total number of 369 pregnant mothers were included and Systematic random sampling was used for selection of mothers. First mother was selected randomly. All the data entered and analyzed by computer software SPSS 23.2. The value of P=0.005 considered to be significant. Result: A total number of 100% (n=369) women were included in this study. The mean age, parity, height and weight of the patients was 29.12±4.02 years, 2.86±1.5parity, and 149.9±3.94 cm and 51.86±3.86 kg respectively. The study population comprised of 60.4% (n=223) illiterate and 39.6% (n=146) literate women. The age distribution showed 62.3% (n=230) women between 21-30 years 37.7% (n=139) between 31-40 years. There were 54.2% (n=200) women with height 140-150 cm and 45.8% (n=169) between 151-160 cm. It was observed that there were 36% (n=133) women had weight between 40-50 kg and 64% (n=236) had weight between 51-60 kg. There were 66.1% (n=244) women had parity between 1-3 and 33.9% (n=125) had parity between 4-6.The Johnson’s formula was seen to overestimate the fetal weight. To check the equality of means weight, one way ANOVA was applied, it was seen that all the variables i.e. Johnson’s formula, ultrasound and actual weight had the different means with significant p-value i.e. 0.000 having F-value 18.08. Conclusion : We can conclude from this study that the fetal weight estimated by Johnson’s formula is overestimated while ultrasound estimation of fetal weight always is near to actual weight after delivery. study, sample size was calculated by online source Openepi. con. The mothers with the singleton term pregnancy admitted either for normal vaginal delivery, induction labor or elective caesarean section were include in this study. Preterm labor, abnormal lie and presentation, ruptured membrane, polyhydramnios , unbooked women, multiple pregnancies, ante partum hemorrhage and eclampsia, oiygohyriumnios, anteriorly inserted placenta, poor visualization of fetal parts and uterine fibroids are included in exclusion criteria.","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72591589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tavakoli, F. Rezaei, Gazal Sadat Fatemi Nasab, Fatemeh Adjaminezhad-Fard, Zahra Noroozbabaei, T. Mokhtari-azad
Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-based microneutralization test with hemaglutination inhibition test for the evaluation of neutralizing antibody against influenza virus (H1N1). Study Design: Nonrandomized Quasi Trail. Study Place and Study Duration: Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal memorial teaching hospital, Sialkot and Nishtar Hospital Multan. January 2018 to May 2019. Material and methods: A total of 188 patients were enrolled in our study out of which 101 suffered from influenza type A. Serum samples were collected from different staff members during this period. ELISA based Microneutralization test was performed in 101 samples and similarly Hemagglutination assay was also performed in 101 serum samples. Tests were run twice on two separate days and final result was average of the two runs. All the data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like, gender, sensitivity and specificity, while mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative variables like, age and BMI. Results: Both the tests were performed on all the sera samples. The sensitivity of the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) was 65.34% and the specificity was 66.51%. On the contrary, the sensitivity was 87.12% and specificity was 90.80% on the ELISA based microneutralization assay (micro NT-ELISA). As the sensitivity and specificity of the micro NT-ELISA is more than that of Hemagglutination Inhibition Test, this makes ELISA based microneutralization assay superior. Conclusion: ELISA based microneutralization test is much more sensitive and specific as compared to the hemaglutination inhibitor assay in terms of detection of neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus (H1N1). Keywords: Microneutralization, Hemagglutination, Influenza DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-08 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"The Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of ELISA-based Microneutralization Test with Hemagglutination Inhibition Test to Evaluate Neutralizing Antibody against Influenza Virus (H1N1)","authors":"A. Tavakoli, F. Rezaei, Gazal Sadat Fatemi Nasab, Fatemeh Adjaminezhad-Fard, Zahra Noroozbabaei, T. Mokhtari-azad","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/65-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/65-08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-based microneutralization test with hemaglutination inhibition test for the evaluation of neutralizing antibody against influenza virus (H1N1). Study Design: Nonrandomized Quasi Trail. Study Place and Study Duration: Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal memorial teaching hospital, Sialkot and Nishtar Hospital Multan. January 2018 to May 2019. Material and methods: A total of 188 patients were enrolled in our study out of which 101 suffered from influenza type A. Serum samples were collected from different staff members during this period. ELISA based Microneutralization test was performed in 101 samples and similarly Hemagglutination assay was also performed in 101 serum samples. Tests were run twice on two separate days and final result was average of the two runs. All the data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like, gender, sensitivity and specificity, while mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative variables like, age and BMI. Results: Both the tests were performed on all the sera samples. The sensitivity of the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) was 65.34% and the specificity was 66.51%. On the contrary, the sensitivity was 87.12% and specificity was 90.80% on the ELISA based microneutralization assay (micro NT-ELISA). As the sensitivity and specificity of the micro NT-ELISA is more than that of Hemagglutination Inhibition Test, this makes ELISA based microneutralization assay superior. Conclusion: ELISA based microneutralization test is much more sensitive and specific as compared to the hemaglutination inhibitor assay in terms of detection of neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus (H1N1). Keywords: Microneutralization, Hemagglutination, Influenza DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-08 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141217939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates A Comparative study between blood pressure and body composition of Geography and Health and Physical education teachers of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School. Furthermore, it was not very clear how blood pressure was affected by such factors as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and percent body fat. To this end the hypotheses were formulated questionnaires and experimental testing. The descriptive research design with purposive sampling techniques was used. Thereafter, a sample of 107 subjects representing 14 (13%) of the targeted population was purposely selected for the study. The digital blood pressure monitor Measurement Machine (stethoscope), digital weight and height machine, Sphygmomanometer were used to collect data on blood pressure and body composition. Major findings of the study revealed that: Relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressures was positively significant among the active and inactive subjects in this study; Relationship between systolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among the Geography and Health and Physical Education teachers in this study; Relationship between diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among physical exercise active and physical exercise inactive teachers . Keywords :-Blood Pressure, Body Composition, body mass index , diastolic, systolic DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Associations of Body Composition with Hypertension in the Case of Geography and Health and Physical Education Teachers","authors":"Awoke Tibebu","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/65-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/65-01","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates A Comparative study between blood pressure and body composition of Geography and Health and Physical education teachers of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School. Furthermore, it was not very clear how blood pressure was affected by such factors as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and percent body fat. To this end the hypotheses were formulated questionnaires and experimental testing. The descriptive research design with purposive sampling techniques was used. Thereafter, a sample of 107 subjects representing 14 (13%) of the targeted population was purposely selected for the study. The digital blood pressure monitor Measurement Machine (stethoscope), digital weight and height machine, Sphygmomanometer were used to collect data on blood pressure and body composition. Major findings of the study revealed that: Relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressures was positively significant among the active and inactive subjects in this study; Relationship between systolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among the Geography and Health and Physical Education teachers in this study; Relationship between diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among physical exercise active and physical exercise inactive teachers . Keywords :-Blood Pressure, Body Composition, body mass index , diastolic, systolic DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82562132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of postoperative Diclofenac suppository with intramuscular Diclofenac in children undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Methodology: This study was held in Paeds Surgery Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. from August 2018 to March 2019. Total no. of 160 patients were divided into two groups, one receiving diclofenac suppository group DS and the other which was group DI received intramuscular diclofenac injection. Numerical variables like age and weight were analyzed statistically by taking their mean and standard deviation while the outcome variable i.e. severity of pain was assessed through facial expressions as no pain, mild, moderate and severe pain in frequency percentage at 0, 2 and 4 hours interval. Results: Total 160 patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 80 in each (DS & DI). There was no significant difference in the efficacy of diclofenac suppository and diclofenac intramuscular when calculated at 0, 2 and 4 hours interval. When Chi-Square was applied to determine the association, it was observed that pain severity was significantly associated with age. But the association of pain severity with weight and with time intervals in two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that there is no significant difference between the postoperative analgesic effect of either suppository or intramuscular diclofenac but suppository route has an advantage over intramuscular in that it is easier and safer, less prone to injury, easy to administer and has longer duration of action, especially preferable in pediatric patients. Keywords: Children, diclofenac Sodium, inguinal Hernia, intramuscular, suppository DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Comparing the Efficacy of Postoperative Diclofenac Suppository with Intramuscular Diclofenac in Children under going Inguinal Hernia Surgery","authors":"Ayesha Yaqeen, Hafiza Sidra, M. Saeed","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/65-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/65-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of postoperative Diclofenac suppository with intramuscular Diclofenac in children undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Methodology: This study was held in Paeds Surgery Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur. from August 2018 to March 2019. Total no. of 160 patients were divided into two groups, one receiving diclofenac suppository group DS and the other which was group DI received intramuscular diclofenac injection. Numerical variables like age and weight were analyzed statistically by taking their mean and standard deviation while the outcome variable i.e. severity of pain was assessed through facial expressions as no pain, mild, moderate and severe pain in frequency percentage at 0, 2 and 4 hours interval. Results: Total 160 patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 80 in each (DS & DI). There was no significant difference in the efficacy of diclofenac suppository and diclofenac intramuscular when calculated at 0, 2 and 4 hours interval. When Chi-Square was applied to determine the association, it was observed that pain severity was significantly associated with age. But the association of pain severity with weight and with time intervals in two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that there is no significant difference between the postoperative analgesic effect of either suppository or intramuscular diclofenac but suppository route has an advantage over intramuscular in that it is easier and safer, less prone to injury, easy to administer and has longer duration of action, especially preferable in pediatric patients. Keywords: Children, diclofenac Sodium, inguinal Hernia, intramuscular, suppository DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79318003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mankind has always been excited about longevity. Biophysical studies indicate that the water in the human body “has departed” from the water at the time of origination of life (Ignatov, 2010; Mosin, Ignatov, 2011). The more rapid the life processes are, the faster the states of orderliness are observed, i.e. entropy in the living organism decreases. Yet this leads to difficulties in compensating entropy with the entropy of the environment, which is associated with metabolism and energy. Such organisms, like mammals, can live up to 100 years. In trees the processes are slower, the states of orderliness are harder to obtain, and entropy decreases more slowly than in animals.There are trees that live for more than 1000 years. For example, a turtle’s life processes are slower than those of mammals and faster than those of trees. It can live up to 300 years. We can define a specific time for each living creature, and their time to a certain degree differs from the time of the environment. This time correlates with parameters of the vital activity of living organisms.Aging is associated with accumulation of errors in DNA replication. The free radicals have an adverse affect on this process. Aging is a non-linear process. The rate of aging increases with time.This paper shows that mountain and melt water is among the most important factors for health and longevity. Other factors are – hereditary, gender, body weight, food, movement, psychological status, family relationships. Keywords : entropy, longevity, spectral analyses, NES, DNES. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Health Status as Result of Analyses of Parameters of Hydrogen Bonds Among Water Molecules in Human Body. Entropy in Living Organisms","authors":"I. Ignatov","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/64-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/64-03","url":null,"abstract":"Mankind has always been excited about longevity. Biophysical studies indicate that the water in the human body “has departed” from the water at the time of origination of life (Ignatov, 2010; Mosin, Ignatov, 2011). The more rapid the life processes are, the faster the states of orderliness are observed, i.e. entropy in the living organism decreases. Yet this leads to difficulties in compensating entropy with the entropy of the environment, which is associated with metabolism and energy. Such organisms, like mammals, can live up to 100 years. In trees the processes are slower, the states of orderliness are harder to obtain, and entropy decreases more slowly than in animals.There are trees that live for more than 1000 years. For example, a turtle’s life processes are slower than those of mammals and faster than those of trees. It can live up to 300 years. We can define a specific time for each living creature, and their time to a certain degree differs from the time of the environment. This time correlates with parameters of the vital activity of living organisms.Aging is associated with accumulation of errors in DNA replication. The free radicals have an adverse affect on this process. Aging is a non-linear process. The rate of aging increases with time.This paper shows that mountain and melt water is among the most important factors for health and longevity. Other factors are – hereditary, gender, body weight, food, movement, psychological status, family relationships. Keywords : entropy, longevity, spectral analyses, NES, DNES. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80825417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vision (visual perception) is a process of psycho-physiological processing of the images of surrounding objects, carried out by the visual system, which allows getting an idea of the size, shape and color of surrounding objects, their relative position and distance between them. The vision analyzer can perceives waves of a certain length - from 380 to 770 nm with pigments – rhodopsin and iodopsin.The aim of the research is the mechanism of color perception by the visual analyzer having the ability to analyze certain ranges of the optical spectrum. The colors were studied along with an analysis of the additive mixing of two colors. In 2008 Marinov and Ignatov shown that at the mixing of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths, the visual analyzer perceive them as separate or average wave length corresponding to mix color. Keywords : vision, rhodopsin, iodopsin, additive color mixing DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-02 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Electromagnetic Conception of Color Vision in Additive Mixing of Colors. Application in the Photography. Art and Psychology","authors":"I. Ignatov, Kevork Vanlyan","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/64-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/64-02","url":null,"abstract":"Vision (visual perception) is a process of psycho-physiological processing of the images of surrounding objects, carried out by the visual system, which allows getting an idea of the size, shape and color of surrounding objects, their relative position and distance between them. The vision analyzer can perceives waves of a certain length - from 380 to 770 nm with pigments – rhodopsin and iodopsin.The aim of the research is the mechanism of color perception by the visual analyzer having the ability to analyze certain ranges of the optical spectrum. The colors were studied along with an analysis of the additive mixing of two colors. In 2008 Marinov and Ignatov shown that at the mixing of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths, the visual analyzer perceive them as separate or average wave length corresponding to mix color. Keywords : vision, rhodopsin, iodopsin, additive color mixing DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-02 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74171901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aljaifi Saddam Hussein Mohammed, Sadik Yusuf Musse
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak between 2002 to 2003 has accounted for the world panic. SARS was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and had continued to expand int the 21 st century (Tsang et al., 2003). Initially, the disease was observed to be incepted in a small district named as Shunde, which was present in the city named the Foshan City of Guangdong Province. From this area, it rapidly disseminated to Hong Kong and following it to the rest of North America, Asia, as well as Europe in the few months. The disease affected about 8437 patients, accounting for a mortality rate of 9.6 percent. World Health Organization (WHO), in May of the year 2005, forwarded a declaration that SARS disease has been eliminated, which ranked it as the second disease in humans to be labeled such following the first disease, i.e., smallpox. The civet cats isolated coronaviruses in China has substantial sequence homology with SARS-CoV, which indicates a zoonotic origin.Thereby this research paper reviews the general causes of SARS, its clinical manifestation, along with its treatment and prevention. Keywords: SARS; Systematic; Review DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
2002年至2003年爆发的严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)曾引起全世界的恐慌。SARS是由一种新型冠状病毒(SARS- cov)引起的，并在21世纪继续蔓延(Tsang et al.， 2003)。最初，这种疾病被观察到在一个名为顺德的小地区发病，该地区位于广东省佛山市。从这个地区，它迅速传播到香港，随后在几个月内传播到北美、亚洲和欧洲的其他地区。该疾病影响了大约8437名患者，死亡率为9.6%。2005年5月，世界卫生组织(WHO)发表了“SARS已被消灭”的声明，将其列为继天花之后的第二种人类疾病。在中国分离的果子狸冠状病毒与sars冠状病毒具有大量的序列同源性，这表明是人畜共患起源。因此，本文综述了SARS的一般病因、临床表现以及治疗和预防。关键词:非典型肺炎;系统的;综述DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-01出版日期:2020年2月29日
{"title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): A Systematic Review","authors":"Aljaifi Saddam Hussein Mohammed, Sadik Yusuf Musse","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/64-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/64-01","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak between 2002 to 2003 has accounted for the world panic. SARS was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and had continued to expand int the 21 st century (Tsang et al., 2003). Initially, the disease was observed to be incepted in a small district named as Shunde, which was present in the city named the Foshan City of Guangdong Province. From this area, it rapidly disseminated to Hong Kong and following it to the rest of North America, Asia, as well as Europe in the few months. The disease affected about 8437 patients, accounting for a mortality rate of 9.6 percent. World Health Organization (WHO), in May of the year 2005, forwarded a declaration that SARS disease has been eliminated, which ranked it as the second disease in humans to be labeled such following the first disease, i.e., smallpox. The civet cats isolated coronaviruses in China has substantial sequence homology with SARS-CoV, which indicates a zoonotic origin.Thereby this research paper reviews the general causes of SARS, its clinical manifestation, along with its treatment and prevention. Keywords: SARS; Systematic; Review DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90598924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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