Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure最新文献

Introduction: Stem cell therapy is a highly promising strategy in various degenerative diseases. Intranasal administration of stem cells could be considered as a non-invasive treatment option. However, there is great debate concerning the ability of stem cells to reach distant organs. It is also unclear in such a case if they can alleviate age-related structural changes in these organs.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of intranasal administration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to reach distant organs of rats at different time intervals and to investigate their effects on age-related structural changes in these organs.

Materials and methods: Forty-nine female Wistar rats were used in this study, seven of which were adults (6-month-old) and 42 were aged (2-year-old). Rats were divided into three-groups: Group-I (adult control), Group-II (aged), and Group-III (aged ADSCs treated). Rats of Groups I and II were sacrificed after 15 days from the beginning of the experiment. Rats of Group III were treated with intranasal ADSCs and were sacrificed after 2-h, 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 15-day. Heart, liver, kidney, and spleen specimens were collected and processed for H and E, CD105 immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent techniques. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were performed.

Results: ADSCs appeared in all organs examined after 2-h of intranasal administration. Their maximum presence was detected after 3-day of administration, after which their immunofluorescence gradually decreased and nearly disappeared from these organs by the 15^th day. Improvement of some age-related deterioration in the structure of the kidney and liver occurred at day 5 after intranasal administration.

Conclusions: ADSCs effectively reached the heart, liver, kidney, and spleen after intranasal administration. ADSCs ameliorated some age-related changes in these organs.

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most formidable health problems for mankind. These carcinomas are characterized by invasion of epithelial tumor cells into the stroma, which get embedded in extracellular matrix and collagen producing reactive changes. Such changes in the stroma may alter the biological aggressiveness of the tumor. An attempt was made to evaluate the collagen changes in different grades of OSCC which can contribute to understanding the biologic behavior of oral cancer and predict clinical outcomes.

Aims and objectives: To assess the quantitative changes in collagen in different grades of OSCC using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Picrosirius red (PSR) stain through spectrophotometry and to compare the efficacy of these stains for estimation of collagen.

Materials and methods: The study comprised a total sample size of 60, which were distributed under 4 different groups, each containing 15 samples. Group I to IV consisted of normal buccal mucosa, with well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated OSCC, respectively. The tissues of 10 μm thickness were stained with H and E and PSR for spectrophotometric analysis.

Results: The quantity of collagen decreased with increasing grades of OSCC. Comparison between two stains showed that PSR can provide a more reliable and accurate result than H and E.

Conclusion: Collagen estimation is one of the methods to assess the progression of tumor. The method used in the present study for collagen estimation in different grades of OSCC is reliable and accurate.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common human cancer and is usually preceded by a premalignant lesion. The patient usually presents it to the clinician at an advanced stage where there are limited treatment options available with declining survival rates. Cancer-deteriorated human lives have prepared the clinicians to take a significant step toward the better survival of patients. Hence, here, we report a case series of oral cancer using some prognostic factors that served in reaching out to conclusion and might favor a diagnostic help to clinicians and pathologists. The final diagnosis for every case was given as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, yet they all exhibited poor prognostic parameters. Predictive markers of oral carcinoma in clinical, surgical, and histopathological fields contribute to their improved status of living. Such parameters, evaluated here in this case series, might lend a helping hand in determining the patient vulnerability toward poor survival and be provided with best treatment interventions.

Background: Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) are frequently implemented in cosmetics, additives, and electronic devices. Moreover, their applications extend to water treatment, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. As a result, NP toxicity became an essential subject in biosafety research.

Aim: Using histological and immunohistochemical analysis, we attempted to investigate whether ascorbate ("vitamin C") (VC) could protect liver, lung, and spleen tissues from ZnO-NP systemic toxicity.

Materials and methods: Rats were classified as control group, NP group injected intraperitoneally (IP), once by dissolved ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg), and NP + VC group injected IP, once by dissolved ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg) and then ingested 100 mg/kg of VC orally. Blood samples were collected. Liver, lung, and spleen specimens were prepared for light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results: In comparison to the control group, the NP group's liver enzyme, i.e. aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, values and counts of white blood cells (WBCs) were higher on the 7^th day, but their red blood corpuscle (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hgb) level, platelet count, and albumin values were lower. Histopathological analysis of liver, lung, and spleen tissues showed severe toxicity manifested by cell apoptosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, dilated blood vessels, and hemorrhage. In addition, the NP group showed a significantly higher expression of Ki67 and caspase-3 immunoreactivity. The biochemical, hematological, and histopathological results of the NP + VC group improved overall, reflecting VC's protective effect against systemic toxicity.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that ascorbate (VC) inhibited the systemic toxicity prompted by ZnO-NPs in lung, liver, and spleen tissues, indicating its importance for future treatment with ZnO-NPs.

The medical sciences have mirrored the rapid growth of nanotechnology in recent years. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are a good example. Owing to its unique features, for example, superparamagnetism, higher surface area, surface-to-volume fraction, facile uncoupling methods, and IONPs have recently received a great deal of focus. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with appropriate Surface chemistry have been created utilizing a range of physical and chemical methods. The IONPs employed in bioscience, health aid, environmental rehabilitation, and other domains were examined. The surface stabilization of IONPs with different stabilizers is explained in this review. This review discusses the necessary characterization of IONPs using multiple qualitative and quantitative methodologies in biological activity, which is beneficial owing to biodegradability and biocompatibility, simplicity of production, and magnetic behavior. This review covers practically all methods of IONP synthesis, size, and morphology, as well as their latest applications in many domains. With the present significance of Fe NPs, the current review aims to provide best of the information on the production, characterization, and uses of these NPs.