To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), an innovative approach for the design of a hybrid solar-wind turbine (HSWT) is proposed. The present concept is based on installing arrays of solar panels on the south-facing facade of the turbine tower to generate electricity from sunlight. The hybrid offers greater benefits compared to separate systems. An example is given of an offshore WT with a rated capacity of 4.7 MW forming part of a 600 MW wind farm in the North Atlantic. The 100 m high tower is covered with 465 PV panels of 340 W capacity. For evaluation, the gross resource of each renewable is estimated considering the specifications of the available data In the discussion, the LCOE’s of wind and the hybrid solar-wind combination are compared. From the results, it is clear that HSWT offers a reduced LCOE, even after allowing for shading losses from the blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of HSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.
{"title":"Techno- Economics of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Wind Turbine","authors":"C. P. Nazir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3946169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3946169","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), an innovative approach for the design of a hybrid solar-wind turbine (HSWT) is proposed. The present concept is based on installing arrays of solar panels on the south-facing facade of the turbine tower to generate electricity from sunlight. The hybrid offers greater benefits compared to separate systems. An example is given of an offshore WT with a rated capacity of 4.7 MW forming part of a 600 MW wind farm in the North Atlantic. The 100 m high tower is covered with 465 PV panels of 340 W capacity. For evaluation, the gross resource of each renewable is estimated considering the specifications of the available data In the discussion, the LCOE’s of wind and the hybrid solar-wind combination are compared. From the results, it is clear that HSWT offers a reduced LCOE, even after allowing for shading losses from the blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of HSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125611510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermal and economic performance of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and PTCs with double glass envelope (DGE-PTCs) are analyzed in this work. A model including thermal and optical effects is developed to evaluate the efficiency of vacuum and air-filled DGE-PTCs, while an economic model based on two commercial PTCs (Sky Trough and Ultimate Trough collectors) was developed to assess the economic performance. The efficiency and thermal output per unit cost of the proposed DGE-PTCs are analyzed as a function of the concentration ratio and are respectively compared with the thermal and economic performance of traditional and commercial PTCs. The optimum concentration ratio for maximum thermal performance varies from 11.0 to 23.3 for operation temperatures ( [[EQUATION]] ) between 100°C and 400°C, while the optimum concentration ratio for maximum economic performance ranges between 28.9 and 33.2 for the SkyTrough and between 40.0 and 43.8 for the Ultimate Trough collector designs. The DGE-PTCs presents higher thermal and economic performance at high operating temperatures, which presents a valuable opportunity for implementation in new PTC designs pursuing higher operating temperatures to achieve superior thermal cycle efficiencies.
{"title":"Influence of the Concentration Ratio on the Thermal and Economic Performance of Parabolic Trough Collectors with Double Glass Envelope","authors":"Julian D. Osorio, A. Rivera-Alvarez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3874502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874502","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal and economic performance of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and PTCs with double glass envelope (DGE-PTCs) are analyzed in this work. A model including thermal and optical effects is developed to evaluate the efficiency of vacuum and air-filled DGE-PTCs, while an economic model based on two commercial PTCs (Sky Trough and Ultimate Trough collectors) was developed to assess the economic performance. The efficiency and thermal output per unit cost of the proposed DGE-PTCs are analyzed as a function of the concentration ratio and are respectively compared with the thermal and economic performance of traditional and commercial PTCs. The optimum concentration ratio for maximum thermal performance varies from 11.0 to 23.3 for operation temperatures ( [[EQUATION]] ) between 100°C and 400°C, while the optimum concentration ratio for maximum economic performance ranges between 28.9 and 33.2 for the SkyTrough and between 40.0 and 43.8 for the Ultimate Trough collector designs. The DGE-PTCs presents higher thermal and economic performance at high operating temperatures, which presents a valuable opportunity for implementation in new PTC designs pursuing higher operating temperatures to achieve superior thermal cycle efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134284445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seong Seon Lim, J. Choi, Jong Tak Jang, Soung Hee Yun, Joung Ho Park, H. Jung, Y. Yoon
The effects of Rh and MgO addition, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV: 20000 ~ 100000 ml/h·g cat ), and pressure (0.1 ~ 10 barg) on the combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSCRM) were investigated using Ni supported on Al 2 O 3 . In addition, the Ni/Al 2 O 3 samples produced by the freeze drying (FD) and oven drying (OD) methods were compared to improve the activity and high-temperature stability. FD obtained a higher surface area, higher metal dispersion, and smaller Ni crystallite size than those obtained by OD. The resistance to carbon deposits was improved using the FD method. In the CSCRM, the higher the WHSV and pressure, the lower catalyst activity. However, Rh-Ni/MgO-Al 2 O 3 showed the smallest carbon deposits and the highest activity, and exhibited high stability in a long-term reaction that lasted 36 h. This study can provide basic data for the CSCRM demonstration process.
{"title":"Combined Steam and Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane Using Nickel-Based Catalysts: Effects of Synthesis Method, Promoter, Space Velocity and Pressure","authors":"Seong Seon Lim, J. Choi, Jong Tak Jang, Soung Hee Yun, Joung Ho Park, H. Jung, Y. Yoon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3892174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3892174","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of Rh and MgO addition, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV: 20000 ~ 100000 ml/h·g cat ), and pressure (0.1 ~ 10 barg) on the combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSCRM) were investigated using Ni supported on Al 2 O 3 . In addition, the Ni/Al 2 O 3 samples produced by the freeze drying (FD) and oven drying (OD) methods were compared to improve the activity and high-temperature stability. FD obtained a higher surface area, higher metal dispersion, and smaller Ni crystallite size than those obtained by OD. The resistance to carbon deposits was improved using the FD method. In the CSCRM, the higher the WHSV and pressure, the lower catalyst activity. However, Rh-Ni/MgO-Al 2 O 3 showed the smallest carbon deposits and the highest activity, and exhibited high stability in a long-term reaction that lasted 36 h. This study can provide basic data for the CSCRM demonstration process.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124913854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exploration of economic effects of energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency is instructive to the optimization and adjustment of energy policies, as well as the promotion of sustainable development. Existing studies seldom take the economic effects of energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency into consideration at once. Most of them ignore the spatial dependence between energy consumption and economic growth. This paper explores the spatial agglomeration and spatial dependence of China’s provincial energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency on economic growth from 2000 to 2017 through the spatial econometric analysis method. The study found that there are no spatial agglomeration characteristics between China’s economic level and energy consumption scale. But economic level showed negative spatial agglomerations with energy structure and positive spatial agglomerations with consumption efficiency, respectively. The expansion of energy consumption scales can promote local economic growth, but it has greater restrictive effects on the economic growth of adjacent regions. The increasing proportion of clean energy consumption can promote the economic growth of neighboring regions with positive spatial spillover effects, and the improvement of energy efficiency can enhance the economic growth in both local and adjacent regions.
{"title":"Research on Economic Effects of Energy Consumption Scale, Structure and Efficiency in China: Spatial Econometric Analysis at Provincial Scale","authors":"Yufan Jin, Wenxian Jiao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3903972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3903972","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of economic effects of energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency is instructive to the optimization and adjustment of energy policies, as well as the promotion of sustainable development. Existing studies seldom take the economic effects of energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency into consideration at once. Most of them ignore the spatial dependence between energy consumption and economic growth. This paper explores the spatial agglomeration and spatial dependence of China’s provincial energy consumption scale, structure, and efficiency on economic growth from 2000 to 2017 through the spatial econometric analysis method. The study found that there are no spatial agglomeration characteristics between China’s economic level and energy consumption scale. But economic level showed negative spatial agglomerations with energy structure and positive spatial agglomerations with consumption efficiency, respectively. The expansion of energy consumption scales can promote local economic growth, but it has greater restrictive effects on the economic growth of adjacent regions. The increasing proportion of clean energy consumption can promote the economic growth of neighboring regions with positive spatial spillover effects, and the improvement of energy efficiency can enhance the economic growth in both local and adjacent regions.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128719615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Devadasu, S. Muthubalaji, N. Anand, Shaik Mohammad Rafee
Power quality issues have been pulling in the eye of investigates for decade. The nearness of voltage unsettling influences at the purpose of normal coupling brings about glitch of delicate modern instruments, which ends up being matrix part disappointments. Although there are many strategies in practice, the term custom power relates to the utilization of energy hardware controller in an appropriate framework, particularly to manage different power quality issues. Now the custom power devices play a vital role in the field of power quality mitigation. The presence of sensitive loads lead to the power quality issues like sag and swell but it is inevitable. DVR is one of the popular and efficient custom power devices most suitable distribution network to mitigate the voltage dip and swell. Fuzzy based PI control is incorporated in this paper. The main salient feature is the use of linguistic variables rather than numerical variables. This control method depends on human capacity to comprehend the frameworks conduct and depends on quality control rules. An experimental investigation on the mitigation of sag and swell by using three phase dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed in this paper. It is observed that the compensating capability of the DVR is somewhat lagged due the finite voltage dip under particular loading. A Fuzzy based PI scheme is therefore proposed to improve the voltage compensation. The Simulation result is appraised with experimental results and it presented it witnessed the effectiveness of the control strategy.
{"title":"DVR Proto-Type Setup for Voltage DIP and Voltage Swell Problems","authors":"G. Devadasu, S. Muthubalaji, N. Anand, Shaik Mohammad Rafee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3932839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3932839","url":null,"abstract":"Power quality issues have been pulling in the eye of investigates for decade. The nearness of voltage unsettling influences at the purpose of normal coupling brings about glitch of delicate modern instruments, which ends up being matrix part disappointments. Although there are many strategies in practice, the term custom power relates to the utilization of energy hardware controller in an appropriate framework, particularly to manage different power quality issues. Now the custom power devices play a vital role in the field of power quality mitigation. The presence of sensitive loads lead to the power quality issues like sag and swell but it is inevitable. DVR is one of the popular and efficient custom power devices most suitable distribution network to mitigate the voltage dip and swell. Fuzzy based PI control is incorporated in this paper. The main salient feature is the use of linguistic variables rather than numerical variables. This control method depends on human capacity to comprehend the frameworks conduct and depends on quality control rules. An experimental investigation on the mitigation of sag and swell by using three phase dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed in this paper. It is observed that the compensating capability of the DVR is somewhat lagged due the finite voltage dip under particular loading. A Fuzzy based PI scheme is therefore proposed to improve the voltage compensation. The Simulation result is appraised with experimental results and it presented it witnessed the effectiveness of the control strategy.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129171928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of retrofitting is an important milestone in the evolutionary development toward upgrading the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Various policy instruments have been introduced to retrofit existing social housing stock, many of which have failed to acknowledge the significant role of occupancy patterns in energy use. The aims of this empirical study are to statistically determine occupant behavioural patterns associated with heating and cooling energy consumption and to identify household socio-demographic characteristics that contribute to the development of energy-user profiles. This article presents the results of a questionnaire-based survey undertaken during August of 2018 with 118 households in base-case representative residential tower blocks in the South-Eastern Europe. The survey revealed a positive strong correlation between weekday heating and cooling consumption patterns (r = 0.588, p < 0.01). Conversely, there was negative strong correlation between household occupation (r = -0.621, p < 0.01 and window-opening patterns. These findings will lead to a greater understanding of how occupancy patterns can predict household energy use in decision-making processes related to energy-efficiency upgrades in dwellings. By exploring some of the core lessons learned from the survey, this research seeks to both inform and improve uptake-and-delivery of future retrofitting initiatives in energy policies.
在住宅建筑节能升级的演进过程中，改造的概念是一个重要的里程碑。已经采用了各种政策工具来改造现有的社会住房存量，其中许多没有认识到占用模式在能源使用方面的重要作用。这项实证研究的目的是统计地确定与供暖和制冷能源消费有关的住户行为模式，并查明有助于发展能源用户概况的家庭社会人口特征。本文介绍了2018年8月对东南欧基本案例代表性住宅楼中的118户家庭进行的问卷调查结果。调查结果显示，工作日的供暖和制冷消费模式呈正相关(r = 0.588, p < 0.01)。相反，家庭职业与开窗方式呈负强相关(r = -0.621, p < 0.01)。这些发现将有助于更好地理解，在与住宅能效升级相关的决策过程中，居住模式如何预测家庭能源使用。通过探索从调查中获得的一些核心经验教训，本研究旨在为未来能源政策中改造倡议的接受和实施提供信息和改进。
{"title":"Significance of Occupancy Patterns and Habitual Household Adaptive Behaviour on Home-Energy Performance of Post-War Social-Housing Estate in the South‑Eastern Mediterranean Climate","authors":"B. Ozarisoy, H. Altan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3870970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870970","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of retrofitting is an important milestone in the evolutionary development toward upgrading the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Various policy instruments have been introduced to retrofit existing social housing stock, many of which have failed to acknowledge the significant role of occupancy patterns in energy use. The aims of this empirical study are to statistically determine occupant behavioural patterns associated with heating and cooling energy consumption and to identify household socio-demographic characteristics that contribute to the development of energy-user profiles. This article presents the results of a questionnaire-based survey undertaken during August of 2018 with 118 households in base-case representative residential tower blocks in the South-Eastern Europe. The survey revealed a positive strong correlation between weekday heating and cooling consumption patterns (r = 0.588, p < 0.01). Conversely, there was negative strong correlation between household occupation (r = -0.621, p < 0.01 and window-opening patterns. These findings will lead to a greater understanding of how occupancy patterns can predict household energy use in decision-making processes related to energy-efficiency upgrades in dwellings. By exploring some of the core lessons learned from the survey, this research seeks to both inform and improve uptake-and-delivery of future retrofitting initiatives in energy policies.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115235372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the interactions between growth in CO 2 emissions, economic production, and energy use at the global and multi-regional levels over the period 1990-2014. Methodologically, we use causal discovery that relies on linear and nonlinear tests of conditional independence to study their relationships. At the global scale, we show that energy use is unambiguously a nonlinear causal factor of economic output, making energy central in the economic and decarbonisation debate. At the multi-regional scale, causal discovery accurately identifies that three regions are driving global dynamics (East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, and North America regions). Energy and climate policies in these regions will nonlinearly influence the degree of global CO 2 emission reduction rates and will impact the global economic dynamics. Our results further suggest that policy effectiveness could be gained if a country's climate actions were coordinated with the other geographies most affected by their consequences.
{"title":"Exploring Nonlinearity on the CO2 Emissions, Economic Production and Energy Use Nexus: A Causal Discovery Approach","authors":"P. Addo, Christelle Manibialoa, Florent McIsaac","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3893534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893534","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the interactions between growth in CO 2 emissions, economic production, and energy use at the global and multi-regional levels over the period 1990-2014. Methodologically, we use causal discovery that relies on linear and nonlinear tests of conditional independence to study their relationships. At the global scale, we show that energy use is unambiguously a nonlinear causal factor of economic output, making energy central in the economic and decarbonisation debate. At the multi-regional scale, causal discovery accurately identifies that three regions are driving global dynamics (East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, and North America regions). Energy and climate policies in these regions will nonlinearly influence the degree of global CO 2 emission reduction rates and will impact the global economic dynamics. Our results further suggest that policy effectiveness could be gained if a country's climate actions were coordinated with the other geographies most affected by their consequences.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133888381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Ershu, Si Lengge, Tang Jjianfang, Dong Jun, Zhao Dongming, Xu Hui, Z. Yanan, Yu Gang
Operation control of parabolic trough solar thermal power generation system is a difficult issue in the operation of the system. The solar field of the first 50 MW trough solar thermal demonstration power plant in China is taken as the research object. Based on the topological structure and working principle of the solar field and the basic laws of optics and thermodynamics, the hydrodynamic calculation model and the heat transfer dynamic model of the multiple parallel heat collecting loops are developed on the real-time dynamic simulation platform iSimu. Using the parallel computing capabilities of the platform iSimu, the full working condition simulation of the solar field is realized. On this basis, the step disturbance experiments of direct normal irradiance (DNI), heat transfer oil’s flow and heat transfer oil’s temperature at the inlet of the solar field are carried out. In addition, the dynamic response curves of step disturbance and the inertia time constant of the heat collecting loops are obtained. The conclusions of this paper have important guiding significance for the operation control strategy formulation and system optimization design of trough solar thermal power generation system.
{"title":"Study on Dynamic Model and Dynamic Characteristics of Solar Field of 50 MW Trough Solar Thermal Power Generation Plant","authors":"Xu Ershu, Si Lengge, Tang Jjianfang, Dong Jun, Zhao Dongming, Xu Hui, Z. Yanan, Yu Gang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3885544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3885544","url":null,"abstract":"Operation control of parabolic trough solar thermal power generation system is a difficult issue in the operation of the system. The solar field of the first 50 MW trough solar thermal demonstration power plant in China is taken as the research object. Based on the topological structure and working principle of the solar field and the basic laws of optics and thermodynamics, the hydrodynamic calculation model and the heat transfer dynamic model of the multiple parallel heat collecting loops are developed on the real-time dynamic simulation platform iSimu. Using the parallel computing capabilities of the platform iSimu, the full working condition simulation of the solar field is realized. On this basis, the step disturbance experiments of direct normal irradiance (DNI), heat transfer oil’s flow and heat transfer oil’s temperature at the inlet of the solar field are carried out. In addition, the dynamic response curves of step disturbance and the inertia time constant of the heat collecting loops are obtained. The conclusions of this paper have important guiding significance for the operation control strategy formulation and system optimization design of trough solar thermal power generation system.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133090001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports an eco-friendly, cost-effective facile route to prepare bio-derived heterogeneous magnetic biocatalysts from the waste fish scale via thermal treatment and used for efficient transesterification to produce biodiesel. The hydroxyapatite of fish scales was impregnated with the varied concentrations (10–30 wt. %) of Fe2+ precursor (FeCl2.4H2O) through the wet impregnation method and transformed into α-Fe2O3-β-TCP via calcination at 700–1000 °C. The transformation of hydroxyapatite to β-Ca3(PO4)2 impregnated with α-Fe2O3 confirmed through XRD and Raman analysis. The FTIR spectra of the prepared sample α-Fe2O3-β-TCP support its structural and chemical composition. The SEM images confirm the presence of α-Fe2O3 in the waste fish scales derived catalysts. The magnetic studies revealed the soft ferromagnetic behavior for the optimized catalysts Fe-FSC-30 with saturation magnetization 0.59 emu/g at 300 K. The magnetic fish scale catalysts was used for the transesterification of silkworm pupa lipids. The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy recognized the conversion of silkworm pupa lipids into biodiesel. The transesterification efficiency of heterogeneous magnetic biocatalysts is estimated to be ~90 % via 1H-NMR. The GC-MS identified the presence of the main constituents of SPL-biodiesel. The study demonstrated waste fish scale-derived low-cost magnetic catalysts for efficient transesterification of lipids for biodiesel production.
{"title":"Waste Fish Scale Derived Ferromagnetic Heterogeneous Biocatalyst (Α-Fe2O3-Β-Ca3(PO4)2) for Efficient Transesterification of Waste Silkworm Pupal Lipids into Biodiesel","authors":"K. Jaiswal, A. Ramaswamy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3940149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3940149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an eco-friendly, cost-effective facile route to prepare bio-derived heterogeneous magnetic biocatalysts from the waste fish scale via thermal treatment and used for efficient transesterification to produce biodiesel. The hydroxyapatite of fish scales was impregnated with the varied concentrations (10–30 wt. %) of Fe2+ precursor (FeCl2.4H2O) through the wet impregnation method and transformed into α-Fe2O3-β-TCP via calcination at 700–1000 °C. The transformation of hydroxyapatite to β-Ca3(PO4)2 impregnated with α-Fe2O3 confirmed through XRD and Raman analysis. The FTIR spectra of the prepared sample α-Fe2O3-β-TCP support its structural and chemical composition. The SEM images confirm the presence of α-Fe2O3 in the waste fish scales derived catalysts. The magnetic studies revealed the soft ferromagnetic behavior for the optimized catalysts Fe-FSC-30 with saturation magnetization 0.59 emu/g at 300 K. The magnetic fish scale catalysts was used for the transesterification of silkworm pupa lipids. The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy recognized the conversion of silkworm pupa lipids into biodiesel. The transesterification efficiency of heterogeneous magnetic biocatalysts is estimated to be ~90 % via 1H-NMR. The GC-MS identified the presence of the main constituents of SPL-biodiesel. The study demonstrated waste fish scale-derived low-cost magnetic catalysts for efficient transesterification of lipids for biodiesel production.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127674959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we proposed a micro ORC with zeotropic mixture of less than 20 kW using low-grade geothermal heat energy and investigated the power generation performance of 3 kinds of zeotropic working fluids with different vapor-liquid equilibrium. Simulations were carried out for 3 cases with a constant heat source temperature of 373K and flow rates of 3000, 7000 and 15000 kg/h. In the flow rate of the heat source was set to 7,000 kg/h, only 4 cases generated of power. For n-butane / ethanol = 0.7 / 0.3 was used as the working fluid, the power generation was 16.1 kW with 5.83% of the thermal efficiency which was higher than Carnot efficiency (4.28%). In the flow rate of 3,000 kg/h of heat source, by using n-butane / 1-propanol = 0.4 / 0.6 as the zeotropic working fluid, 6.52 kW could be generated. From the analysis using T-H and T-s diagrams, it is found that the zeotropic working fluid can effectively function as a temperature glide with composition change for low-grade geothermal heat sources with large temperature drop, and thus can be a power generation.
{"title":"Design and Operation Strategy of Micro Organic Rankine Cycle with Zeotropic Binary Mixtures for Low Grade Geothermal Energy","authors":"Ryosuke Akimoto, M. Nakaiwa, Keigo Matsuda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3889207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3889207","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we proposed a micro ORC with zeotropic mixture of less than 20 kW using low-grade geothermal heat energy and investigated the power generation performance of 3 kinds of zeotropic working fluids with different vapor-liquid equilibrium. Simulations were carried out for 3 cases with a constant heat source temperature of 373K and flow rates of 3000, 7000 and 15000 kg/h. In the flow rate of the heat source was set to 7,000 kg/h, only 4 cases generated of power. For n-butane / ethanol = 0.7 / 0.3 was used as the working fluid, the power generation was 16.1 kW with 5.83% of the thermal efficiency which was higher than Carnot efficiency (4.28%). In the flow rate of 3,000 kg/h of heat source, by using n-butane / 1-propanol = 0.4 / 0.6 as the zeotropic working fluid, 6.52 kW could be generated. From the analysis using T-H and T-s diagrams, it is found that the zeotropic working fluid can effectively function as a temperature glide with composition change for low-grade geothermal heat sources with large temperature drop, and thus can be a power generation.","PeriodicalId":163818,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN EM Feeds","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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