Jonathan Zurawski, Shahamat Tauhid, Brian C. Healy, Renxin Chu, Maria K. Houtchens, Youmna Jalkh, Samar Khalil, Molly Quattrucci, Farrah J. Mateen, Salvatore Napoli, Syed Rizvi, Tarun Singhal, Rohit Bakshi
Background and Purpose
Cladribine, an FDA-approved disease-modifying immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), penetrates the CSF and mitigates T cells and B cells, and thus may impact the development of cortical gray matter lesions (CLs) and leptomeningeal enhancement (LME). 7T MRI is a highly sensitive tool for monitoring these outcomes in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS.
Methods
MS subjects (n = 19, age [mean ± standard deviation]: 48.8 ± 10.0 years, 63.1% RRMS, 36.9% secondary progressive MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score 4.1 ± 2.0) underwent 7T MRI with 0.7-mm3 voxels within a mean 1.9 months of oral cladribine initiation and ∼1 year later in this real-world study. CLs and LME were quantified by an expert. Wilcoxon signed rank tests and paired t-tests compared baseline to follow-up data.
Results
A total of 88.2% of subjects had CLs at baseline (mean 14.1 CLs/patient, range 1–77). No subjects accrued new CLs, and CL volume remained stable (0.33 ± 0.48 mL baseline vs. 0.31 ± 0.46 mL follow-up, p = 0.22). LME was found in 88.9% of subjects at baseline. LME foci number was stable in seven (41.2%), increased in five (29.4%), and decreased in five (29.4%) subjects at follow-up, but overall LME burden was stable (3.1 ± 1.8 vs. 3.2 ± 1.6 foci per subject, p = 1.0). No EDSS or timed 25-foot walk change was noted (both p > 0.35). No subjects had clinical relapses or new T2 or gadolinium-enhancing white matter lesions during the study.
Conclusion
These observational data suggest that cladribine therapy stabilizes cortical demyelination in MS over the first year of treatment. Overall, LME burden remained stable over 1 year; however, within-subject resolution and accrual were noted.
背景和目的克拉宾是一种经fda批准的用于多发性硬化症（MS）的疾病修饰性免疫疗法，可穿透脑脊液并减轻T细胞和B细胞，因此可能影响皮质灰质病变（CLs）和脑轻脑膜增强（LME）的发展。7T MRI是一种高度敏感的工具，用于监测复发缓解型（RR） MS患者的这些结果。方法MS受试者（n = 19，年龄[平均±标准差]:48.8±10.0岁，RRMS 63.1%，继发性进展性MS 36.9%，扩展残疾状态量表[EDSS]评分4.1±2.0）在口服cladribine开始的平均1.9个月和1年后接受了0.7 mm3体素的7T MRI。由专家对CLs和LME进行量化。Wilcoxon符号秩检验和配对t检验比较基线和随访数据。结果88.2%的受试者在基线时出现了CLs（平均14.1个CLs/患者，范围1-77）。没有受试者产生新的CL， CL容量保持稳定（基线0.33±0.48 mL vs.随访0.31±0.46 mL, p = 0.22）。88.9%的受试者在基线时发现LME。随访期间，7名受试者LME病灶数稳定（41.2%），5名受试者LME病灶数增加（29.4%），5名受试者LME病灶数减少（29.4%），但总体LME负担稳定（3.1±1.8 vs. 3.2±1.6病灶/名，p = 1.0）。没有EDSS或25英尺步行时间的变化(p >；0.35)。在研究期间，没有受试者出现临床复发或新的T2或钆增强白质病变。结论：这些观察数据表明，在治疗的第一年，克拉宾治疗可以稳定多发性硬化症患者的皮质脱髓鞘。总体而言，LME负担在1年内保持稳定；但是，注意到主题内决议和应计。
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Jianxi Liu, Mingcong Huang, Kang Hu, Nannan Xia, Zeqiang Linli
Background and Purpose
Extensive research has been carried out to investigate changes in various gray matter (GM) regions during the aging process using resting-state functional MRI. However, the impact of aging on the functional connectivity (FC) between white matter (WM) and GM, particularly white matter–gray matter functional connectivity (WM–GM FC), remains largely unknown. This study proposes a novel method for constructing functional networks that integrate both WM and GM.
Methods
By utilizing data from a lifespan cohort of 439 healthy adults, we devised a covariance-based approach to establish a gray matter–white matter–gray matter (GM–WM–GM) mediated network. The FC between GM and WM was quantified using the Johns Hopkins University International Consortium of Brain Mapping-Diffusion Tensor Imaging-81 WM atlas in combination with the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas. First, the WM–GM FC was calculated via Pearson correlation coefficients between WM and GM regions, followed by the standardization of the resulting matrix. The GM–WM–GM FC was then constructed using the covariance matrix. Furthermore, topological properties were calculated for GM–WM–GM networks. Finally, the age effect of GM–WM–GM and its topology were explored.
Results
Our findings reveal a significant age-related decline in intranetwork connectivity and global network efficiency, while internetwork connectivity followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, suggesting functional dedifferentiation in the aging brain. Despite relatively stable local efficiency, the observed reduction in global efficiency indicates a weakening of long-range neural connections. Additionally, a decrease in network modularity further supports this trend.
Conclusion
These results offer novel insights into the age-associated reorganization of brain networks, enhancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying normal aging.
{"title":"Functional Alterations in Gray Matter Networks Mediated by White Matter During the Aging Process","authors":"Jianxi Liu, Mingcong Huang, Kang Hu, Nannan Xia, Zeqiang Linli","doi":"10.1111/jon.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive research has been carried out to investigate changes in various gray matter (GM) regions during the aging process using resting-state functional MRI. However, the impact of aging on the functional connectivity (FC) between white matter (WM) and GM, particularly white matter–gray matter functional connectivity (WM–GM FC), remains largely unknown. This study proposes a novel method for constructing functional networks that integrate both WM and GM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By utilizing data from a lifespan cohort of 439 healthy adults, we devised a covariance-based approach to establish a gray matter–white matter–gray matter (GM–WM–GM) mediated network. The FC between GM and WM was quantified using the Johns Hopkins University International Consortium of Brain Mapping-Diffusion Tensor Imaging-81 WM atlas in combination with the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas. First, the WM–GM FC was calculated via Pearson correlation coefficients between WM and GM regions, followed by the standardization of the resulting matrix. The GM–WM–GM FC was then constructed using the covariance matrix. Furthermore, topological properties were calculated for GM–WM–GM networks. Finally, the age effect of GM–WM–GM and its topology were explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal a significant age-related decline in intranetwork connectivity and global network efficiency, while internetwork connectivity followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, suggesting functional dedifferentiation in the aging brain. Despite relatively stable local efficiency, the observed reduction in global efficiency indicates a weakening of long-range neural connections. Additionally, a decrease in network modularity further supports this trend.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results offer novel insights into the age-associated reorganization of brain networks, enhancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying normal aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adnan I. Qureshi, Mohammed M. Al-Salihi, Ibrahim A. Bhatti, Maryam S. Al-Jebur, Ahmed Abd Elazim, Sameer A. Ansari, Daniel E. Ford, Daniel F. Hanley, Ameer E. Hassan, Pashmeen Lakhani, David R. Mehr, Thanh N. Nguyen, Alejandro M. Spiotta, William J. Powers, Syed F. Zaidi
Background and Purpose
Intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT) has been sporadically used as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke patients for nearly two decades to improve distal arterial and microvascular perfusion even in patients with near complete or complete recanalization.
Methods
We provide an overall narrative review that includes a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), Chemical Optimization of Cerebral Embolectomy and Endovascular Recanalization in Patients with Acute Posterior Circulation Arterial Occlusion, to identify current and future implications. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated from RCTs using a fixed-effects model. We identified 10 ongoing or planned RCTs after a search on clinicaltrials.gov and other sources, of which eight are in China, one in Europe, and one in Australia.
Results
A previous meta-analysis of 16 (predominantly observational) studies involving 7572 MT-treated patients had identified 14% higher odds of functional independence (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2) at 90 days in patients treated with IAT. In the current analysis of 321 patients who underwent MT in RCTs, 165 were randomized to IAT and 156 were in the control group. The RR of achieving an mRS score of 0–1 at 90 days postrandomization was higher in patients treated with IAT compared with the control group (absolute increase of 12.87%, RR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.86). The rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 24 h was slightly higher (absolute increase of 1.64%, RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.07–13.30) in patients treated with IAT. The ongoing RCTs have sample sizes ranging from 80 to 498 that can identify very large minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) (13%–20% increase) in primary outcomes, but smaller MCIDs (<10%) that can still result in practice changes with interventions associated with low cost and complexity and are easy to implement, such as IAT, will not be identified.
Conclusions
Observational studies and recent RCTs suggest a potential benefit of IAT in improving functional outcomes among patients post-MT, although the potentially increased risk of sICH, inadequate sample sizes, and lack of data from the United States need to be considered. A large, definitive, and generalizable RCT is required to establish the therapeutic value and safety profile of IAT prior to widespread incorporation into routine practice.
{"title":"Intraarterial Thrombolysis as an Adjunct to Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Current Status and Future Prospects","authors":"Adnan I. Qureshi, Mohammed M. Al-Salihi, Ibrahim A. Bhatti, Maryam S. Al-Jebur, Ahmed Abd Elazim, Sameer A. Ansari, Daniel E. Ford, Daniel F. Hanley, Ameer E. Hassan, Pashmeen Lakhani, David R. Mehr, Thanh N. Nguyen, Alejandro M. Spiotta, William J. Powers, Syed F. Zaidi","doi":"10.1111/jon.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT) has been sporadically used as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke patients for nearly two decades to improve distal arterial and microvascular perfusion even in patients with near complete or complete recanalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide an overall narrative review that includes a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), Chemical Optimization of Cerebral Embolectomy and Endovascular Recanalization in Patients with Acute Posterior Circulation Arterial Occlusion, to identify current and future implications. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated from RCTs using a fixed-effects model. We identified 10 ongoing or planned RCTs after a search on clinicaltrials.gov and other sources, of which eight are in China, one in Europe, and one in Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A previous meta-analysis of 16 (predominantly observational) studies involving 7572 MT-treated patients had identified 14% higher odds of functional independence (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2) at 90 days in patients treated with IAT. In the current analysis of 321 patients who underwent MT in RCTs, 165 were randomized to IAT and 156 were in the control group. The RR of achieving an mRS score of 0–1 at 90 days postrandomization was higher in patients treated with IAT compared with the control group (absolute increase of 12.87%, RR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.86). The rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 24 h was slightly higher (absolute increase of 1.64%, RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.07–13.30) in patients treated with IAT. The ongoing RCTs have sample sizes ranging from 80 to 498 that can identify very large minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) (13%–20% increase) in primary outcomes, but smaller MCIDs (<10%) that can still result in practice changes with interventions associated with low cost and complexity and are easy to implement, such as IAT, will not be identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational studies and recent RCTs suggest a potential benefit of IAT in improving functional outcomes among patients post-MT, although the potentially increased risk of sICH, inadequate sample sizes, and lack of data from the United States need to be considered. A large, definitive, and generalizable RCT is required to establish the therapeutic value and safety profile of IAT prior to widespread incorporation into routine practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monica-Rae Owens, Samuel A. Tenhoeve, Clayton Rawson, Mohammed Azab, Michael Karsy
Intracranial aneurysms, with an annual incidence of 2%–3%, reflect a rare disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity risks when ruptured. Early detection, risk stratification of high-risk subgroups, and prediction of patient outcomes are important to treatment. Radiomics is an emerging field using the quantification of medical imaging to identify parameters beyond traditional radiology interpretation that may offer diagnostic or prognostic significance. The general radiomic workflow involves image normalization and segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection or dimensional reduction, training of a predictive model, and validation of the said model. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have shown increasing interest in applications toward vascular pathologies, with some commercially successful software including AiDoc, RapidAI, and Viz.AI, as well as the more recent Viz Aneurysm. We performed a systematic review of 684 articles and identified 84 articles exploring the applications of radiomics and AI in aneurysm treatment. Most studies were published between 2018 and 2024, with over half of articles in 2022 and 2023. Studies included categories such as aneurysm diagnosis (25.0%), rupture risk prediction (50.0%), growth rate prediction (4.8%), hemodynamic assessment (2.4%), clinical outcome prediction (11.9%), and occlusion or stenosis assessment (6.0%). Studies utilized molecular data (2.4%), radiologic data alone (51.2%), clinical data alone (28.6%), and combined radiologic and clinical data (17.9%). These results demonstrate the current status of this emerging and exciting field. An increased pace of innovation in this space is likely with the expansion of clinical applications of radiomics and AI in multiple vascular pathologies.
{"title":"Systematic Review of Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Intracranial Aneurysm Management","authors":"Monica-Rae Owens, Samuel A. Tenhoeve, Clayton Rawson, Mohammed Azab, Michael Karsy","doi":"10.1111/jon.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intracranial aneurysms, with an annual incidence of 2%–3%, reflect a rare disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity risks when ruptured. Early detection, risk stratification of high-risk subgroups, and prediction of patient outcomes are important to treatment. Radiomics is an emerging field using the quantification of medical imaging to identify parameters beyond traditional radiology interpretation that may offer diagnostic or prognostic significance. The general radiomic workflow involves image normalization and segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection or dimensional reduction, training of a predictive model, and validation of the said model. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have shown increasing interest in applications toward vascular pathologies, with some commercially successful software including AiDoc, RapidAI, and Viz.AI, as well as the more recent Viz Aneurysm. We performed a systematic review of 684 articles and identified 84 articles exploring the applications of radiomics and AI in aneurysm treatment. Most studies were published between 2018 and 2024, with over half of articles in 2022 and 2023. Studies included categories such as aneurysm diagnosis (25.0%), rupture risk prediction (50.0%), growth rate prediction (4.8%), hemodynamic assessment (2.4%), clinical outcome prediction (11.9%), and occlusion or stenosis assessment (6.0%). Studies utilized molecular data (2.4%), radiologic data alone (51.2%), clinical data alone (28.6%), and combined radiologic and clinical data (17.9%). These results demonstrate the current status of this emerging and exciting field. An increased pace of innovation in this space is likely with the expansion of clinical applications of radiomics and AI in multiple vascular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caterina Bernetti, Valerio D'Andrea, Andrea Buoso, Ilenia Barbalace, Federico Greco, Fabio Pilato, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Carlo A. Mallio
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, particularly at 3 Tesla (3T), offers a noninvasive method to assess cerebral blood flow alterations, which are believed to be early indicators of AD.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of 3T ASL MRI in identifying cerebral perfusion biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of AD, assess its prognostic value, and compare it to other imaging modalities, such as PET.
Data Sources
A systematic literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using keywords related to “ASL,” “3T MRI,” and “AD.”
Study Selection
Studies were included if they used 3T ASL MRI to investigate CBF in AD. Reviews, preclinical studies, case reports, studies lacking 3T ASL MRI, or those focusing on other dementias or mild cognitive impairment without an AD comparison were excluded. Data extracted included study design, sample characteristics, imaging techniques, parameters measured, and outcomes. A qualitative synthesis of findings highlights CBF patterns and biomarkers associated with AD.
Results
Findings demonstrated hypoperfusion in the hippocampus, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex, distinguishing AD from normal aging and other forms of dementia. CBF patterns are often correlated with the severity and progression of cognitive impairment. ASL MRI at 3T demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of PET while being noninvasive and radiation free.
Conclusion
ASL MRI at 3T could be a valuable tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD. Its noninvasive nature makes it ideal for repeated measures and longitudinal studies. Further research should focus on standardizing protocols and validating their use in larger populations.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症的主要原因。动脉自旋标记（ASL） MRI，特别是3tesla (3T)，提供了一种无创的方法来评估脑血流改变，这被认为是AD的早期指标。本研究的目的是评估3T ASL MRI在识别AD诊断和管理的脑灌注生物标志物方面的应用，评估其预后价值，并将其与其他成像方式（如PET）进行比较。根据PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和Scopus的系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目，使用与“ASL”、“3T MRI”和“AD”相关的关键词进行了系统的文献检索。研究选择纳入使用3T ASL MRI检查AD患者脑血流的研究。综述、临床前研究、病例报告、缺乏3T ASL MRI的研究，或关注其他痴呆或轻度认知障碍而没有AD比较的研究被排除在外。提取的资料包括研究设计、样本特征、成像技术、测量参数和结果。研究结果的定性综合强调了与AD相关的CBF模式和生物标志物。结果发现海马、楔前叶和后扣带皮层灌注不足，将AD与正常衰老和其他形式的痴呆区分开来。脑血流模式通常与认知障碍的严重程度和进展相关。ASL MRI在3T时显示出与PET相当的诊断准确性，同时无创和无辐射。结论ASL MRI可作为AD早期诊断和监测的重要工具。它的非侵入性使其成为重复测量和纵向研究的理想选择。进一步的研究应侧重于使协议标准化，并在更大的人群中验证它们的使用。
{"title":"Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Cerebral Perfusion Biomarkers","authors":"Caterina Bernetti, Valerio D'Andrea, Andrea Buoso, Ilenia Barbalace, Federico Greco, Fabio Pilato, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Carlo A. Mallio","doi":"10.1111/jon.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, particularly at 3 Tesla (3T), offers a noninvasive method to assess cerebral blood flow alterations, which are believed to be early indicators of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of 3T ASL MRI in identifying cerebral perfusion biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of AD, assess its prognostic value, and compare it to other imaging modalities, such as PET.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using keywords related to “ASL,” “3T MRI,” and “AD.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Selection</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies were included if they used 3T ASL MRI to investigate CBF in AD. Reviews, preclinical studies, case reports, studies lacking 3T ASL MRI, or those focusing on other dementias or mild cognitive impairment without an AD comparison were excluded. Data extracted included study design, sample characteristics, imaging techniques, parameters measured, and outcomes. A qualitative synthesis of findings highlights CBF patterns and biomarkers associated with AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings demonstrated hypoperfusion in the hippocampus, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex, distinguishing AD from normal aging and other forms of dementia. CBF patterns are often correlated with the severity and progression of cognitive impairment. ASL MRI at 3T demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of PET while being noninvasive and radiation free.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ASL MRI at 3T could be a valuable tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD. Its noninvasive nature makes it ideal for repeated measures and longitudinal studies. Further research should focus on standardizing protocols and validating their use in larger populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Annual Meeting of the American Society of Neuroimaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam Zamorano, Banghe Zhu, Ahmed T. Massoud, Jonathan Hendricks, H. Alex Choi, Pedram Peesh, Brandon A. Miller, Xinhai Robert Zhang, Manish N. Shah, Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
Background and Purpose
Intravenous administration of indocyanine green (ICG) has been approved in brain surgeries for decades, yet concerns about neurotoxicity prevent its direct administration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Armed with prior animal studies demonstrating the feasibility of using ICG microdosing into the CSF, we sought to evaluate its nonclinical safety profile and obtain surrogate measures in adults prior to its use in human neonates.
Methods
Evaluation of ICG toxicity was conducted in mixed primary CNS cell cultures and in an extended safety study of juvenile rat pups deploying intraventricular injections of saline (as control) or ICG. Analysis of animal behavior included Novel Object Place Recognition Test and rotarod behavioral tests. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, microglial activation, and neuronal density was performed on collected brains. We measured ICG levels (before and after intravenous administration) in collected CSF from external ventricular drain catheters of 10 brain-injured adults.
Results
TNF-α and lactate dehydrogenase assay for cytotoxicity showed transient elevations after 1 h of incubation with 1291 µM ICG, but none at or below 322 µM ICG, even after 24 h of incubation. Behavioral tests and immunohistochemical analyses showed no differences between ICG-administered animals and controls. Intraventricular concentrations of ICG in collected human CSF ranged between 0.17 and 7.93 µM, with no adverse events associated with intravenous administration.
Conclusions
With intraventricular microdosing of 100 µg ICG, maximal ICG concentrations in neonatal CSF range from 1.3 to 6 5 µM. CNS cell culture, rat safety studies, and surrogate measures in adults evidence the safety of microdosing ICG directly into the CSF.
{"title":"Safety of Indocyanine Green Microdosing for Clinical Imaging of CSF Ventricular Dynamics and Extracranial Outflow","authors":"Miriam Zamorano, Banghe Zhu, Ahmed T. Massoud, Jonathan Hendricks, H. Alex Choi, Pedram Peesh, Brandon A. Miller, Xinhai Robert Zhang, Manish N. Shah, Eva M. Sevick-Muraca","doi":"10.1111/jon.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intravenous administration of indocyanine green (ICG) has been approved in brain surgeries for decades, yet concerns about neurotoxicity prevent its direct administration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Armed with prior animal studies demonstrating the feasibility of using ICG microdosing into the CSF, we sought to evaluate its nonclinical safety profile and obtain surrogate measures in adults prior to its use in human neonates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of ICG toxicity was conducted in mixed primary CNS cell cultures and in an extended safety study of juvenile rat pups deploying intraventricular injections of saline (as control) or ICG. Analysis of animal behavior included Novel Object Place Recognition Test and rotarod behavioral tests. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, microglial activation, and neuronal density was performed on collected brains. We measured ICG levels (before and after intravenous administration) in collected CSF from external ventricular drain catheters of 10 brain-injured adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TNF-α and lactate dehydrogenase assay for cytotoxicity showed transient elevations after 1 h of incubation with 1291 µM ICG, but none at or below 322 µM ICG, even after 24 h of incubation. Behavioral tests and immunohistochemical analyses showed no differences between ICG-administered animals and controls. Intraventricular concentrations of ICG in collected human CSF ranged between 0.17 and 7.93 µM, with no adverse events associated with intravenous administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With intraventricular microdosing of 100 µg ICG, maximal ICG concentrations in neonatal CSF range from 1.3 to 6 5 µM. CNS cell culture, rat safety studies, and surrogate measures in adults evidence the safety of microdosing ICG directly into the CSF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annalisa Bozzano, Laura Barletta, Stefano Caneva, Monica Truffelli, Elisa Bennicelli, Giacomo Rebella, Gianluigi Zona, Lucio Castellan
Background and Purpose
In neurosurgery, functional MRI is crucial for preoperative planning to obtain the cortical cortex map of language areas. This preliminary work involved analyzing the functional MRIs of 20 oncological patients. Our question is if resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) can replace standard task-based functional MRI (tb-fMRI) in routine clinical applications. The aim of this challenge is to determine if rs-fMRI is as effective as tb-fMRI and to develop a systematic approach for the extraction of a cortical language map.
Methods
We started by analyzing our rs-fMRI images and validated the correct mapping of language regions using an independent components analysis approach; then, we used the analysis of connectivity networks to compare the two techniques.
Results
The regions identified in rs-fMRI align with established medical knowledge; a comparison of rs-fMRI and tb-fMRI reveals that the four language regions—Broca's and Wernicke's areas in both hemispheres—exhibit activation in both techniques; furthermore, we highlighted that rs-fMRI reveals more comprehensive details about functional connectivity in contrast to tb-fMRI.
Conclusions
rs-MRI and tb-MRI provide similar levels of efficacy in revealing the functional areas of the brain for preoperative mapping when a lesion lies in areas related to language; thus, both techniques can be utilized for this goal. Based on this, we developed an rs-fMRI processing pipeline for clinical usage and applied it to a patient outside the study.
{"title":"Resting-State fMRI to Map Language Function for Surgical Planning in Patients With Brain Tumors: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Annalisa Bozzano, Laura Barletta, Stefano Caneva, Monica Truffelli, Elisa Bennicelli, Giacomo Rebella, Gianluigi Zona, Lucio Castellan","doi":"10.1111/jon.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In neurosurgery, functional MRI is crucial for preoperative planning to obtain the cortical cortex map of language areas. This preliminary work involved analyzing the functional MRIs of 20 oncological patients. Our question is if resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) can replace standard task-based functional MRI (tb-fMRI) in routine clinical applications. The aim of this challenge is to determine if rs-fMRI is as effective as tb-fMRI and to develop a systematic approach for the extraction of a cortical language map.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We started by analyzing our rs-fMRI images and validated the correct mapping of language regions using an independent components analysis approach; then, we used the analysis of connectivity networks to compare the two techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The regions identified in rs-fMRI align with established medical knowledge; a comparison of rs-fMRI and tb-fMRI reveals that the four language regions—Broca's and Wernicke's areas in both hemispheres—exhibit activation in both techniques; furthermore, we highlighted that rs-fMRI reveals more comprehensive details about functional connectivity in contrast to tb-fMRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>rs-MRI and tb-MRI provide similar levels of efficacy in revealing the functional areas of the brain for preoperative mapping when a lesion lies in areas related to language; thus, both techniques can be utilized for this goal. Based on this, we developed an rs-fMRI processing pipeline for clinical usage and applied it to a patient outside the study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deborah Bochert, Sabine Hofer, Peter Dechent, Jens Frahm, Mathias Bähr, Jan Liman, Ilko Maier
Background and Purpose
Real-time phase-contrast (RT-PC) flow MRI can be used to determine quantitative flow parameters throughout the vessel lumen of extracranial, brain-supplying arteries. Its potential value in the diagnostic workup of patients with carotid artery stenosis has not been evaluated.
Methods
RT-PC flow MRI was performed in 10 patients with carotid stenosis in comparison to conventional neurovascular ultrasound (nvUS). Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity, and flow volumes have been evaluated by RT-PC flow MRI. Measurements have been performed at standardized sites along the common, internal, and external carotid arteries on both sides and at the maximum of the carotid stenosis.
Results
Blood flow velocities were significantly lower with RT-PC flow MRI compared to nvUS and not consistently correlated between both methods. Within the maximum of the carotid stenosis, RT-PC flow MRI showed implausible flow velocity reductions compared to nvUS. In contrast, the flow volumes determined by RT-PC flow MRI—with exception of the stenosis maximum—were comparable with nvUS and significantly correlated in the prestenotic common carotid artery.
Conclusion
RT-PC flow MRI does not appear to be suitable for quantifying blood flow velocities and volumes in the patients with carotid stenosis compared to nvUS. Apart from the lower temporal resolution of RT-PC MRI, the lack of correlation of blood flow velocities might be ascribed to the prevalence of nonlaminar flow within and behind the stenosis, which violates a general prerequisite for valid flow velocity measurements by PC MRI.
{"title":"Blood Flow Velocities as Determined by Real-Time Phase-Contrast MRI in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis","authors":"Deborah Bochert, Sabine Hofer, Peter Dechent, Jens Frahm, Mathias Bähr, Jan Liman, Ilko Maier","doi":"10.1111/jon.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Real-time phase-contrast (RT-PC) flow MRI can be used to determine quantitative flow parameters throughout the vessel lumen of extracranial, brain-supplying arteries. Its potential value in the diagnostic workup of patients with carotid artery stenosis has not been evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RT-PC flow MRI was performed in 10 patients with carotid stenosis in comparison to conventional neurovascular ultrasound (nvUS). Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity, and flow volumes have been evaluated by RT-PC flow MRI. Measurements have been performed at standardized sites along the common, internal, and external carotid arteries on both sides and at the maximum of the carotid stenosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood flow velocities were significantly lower with RT-PC flow MRI compared to nvUS and not consistently correlated between both methods. Within the maximum of the carotid stenosis, RT-PC flow MRI showed implausible flow velocity reductions compared to nvUS. In contrast, the flow volumes determined by RT-PC flow MRI—with exception of the stenosis maximum—were comparable with nvUS and significantly correlated in the prestenotic common carotid artery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RT-PC flow MRI does not appear to be suitable for quantifying blood flow velocities and volumes in the patients with carotid stenosis compared to nvUS. Apart from the lower temporal resolution of RT-PC MRI, the lack of correlation of blood flow velocities might be ascribed to the prevalence of nonlaminar flow within and behind the stenosis, which violates a general prerequisite for valid flow velocity measurements by PC MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyo S. Athertya, Xin Cheng, Qingbo Tang, Dina Moazamian, Eric Y. Chang, Catherine E. Johnson, Jiankun Cui, Zezong Gu, Yajun Ma, Jiang Du
Background and Purpose
This study aims to assess the potential of ultrashort echo time imaging-based magnetization transfer ratio (UTE-MTR) in detecting demyelination in mice with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by an open-field low-intensity blast (LIB) injury model.
Methods
This study included 30 male C57BL/6 mice, approximately 8 weeks old, sourced from Jackson Laboratories in Bar Harbor, ME, and conducted under institutional guidelines. The mice were divided into the mTBI group (n = 15) and the sham control group (n = 15). All animal experiments followed the approved protocols for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and Animal Research. The mTBI group underwent the open-field LIB injury. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor activity and anxiety-like responses. UTE-MT imaging was performed using a 3 Tesla Bruker system to measure UTE-MTR from two UTE-MT datasets with saturation powers of 1500° and 500°, and two frequency offsets of 2 and 50 kHz, respectively. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining was performed to evaluate myelin content. The mean UTE-MTR values for regions of interest centered at the medial section of the corpus callosum were computed. The behavioral tests, LFB myelin staining, and UTE-MTR values were compared between the two groups using the independent t-test. p values <0.05 were considered significant.
Results
The mTBI mice demonstrated decreased motor activity and increased anxiety-like response over sham controls. The mTBI mice also showed significantly lower UTE-MTR values (0.399±0.007 vs. 0.393±0.005; p<0.05) and reduced LFB myelin staining (0.848±0.324 vs. 1.145±0.260; p = 0.048) over sham controls.
Conclusion
The significantly lower UTE-MTR values in the corpus callosum of mTBI mice are consistent with reduced LFB myelin staining, indicating that UTE-MTR can detect myelin loss and associated alterations in motor and anxiety domains post-LIB exposure.
背景与目的本研究旨在探讨基于超短回波时间成像的磁化传递比（UTE-MTR）检测开放性低强度爆炸（LIB）损伤小鼠轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）模型脱髓鞘的潜力。方法本研究采用30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠，约8周龄，来自Jackson实验室Bar Harbor， ME，并在机构指南下进行。将小鼠分为mTBI组（n = 15）和假对照组（n = 15）。所有动物实验均遵循经批准的实验动物和动物研究的护理和使用规程。mTBI组行开放性LIB损伤。进行行为测试以评估运动活动和焦虑样反应。使用3 Tesla Bruker系统对两个饱和功率为1500°和500°、频率偏移分别为2和50 kHz的UTE-MT数据集进行UTE-MT成像，测量UTE-MTR。Luxol快速蓝（LFB）染色测定髓磷脂含量。计算以胼胝体内侧为中心的感兴趣区域的平均UTE-MTR值。行为学测试、LFB髓磷脂染色、UTE-MTR值采用独立t检验比较两组间差异。P值<；0.05认为显著。结果与假对照相比，mTBI小鼠表现出运动活动减少和焦虑样反应增加。mTBI小鼠的UTE-MTR值也显著降低(0.399±0.007 vs 0.393±0.005；plt;0.05)， LFB髓磷脂染色降低(0.848±0.324∶1.145±0.260；P = 0.048)。结论mTBI小鼠胼胝体中显著降低的UTE-MTR值与LFB髓磷脂染色降低一致，表明UTE-MTR可以检测lib暴露后髓磷脂丢失及其相关的运动和焦虑区改变。
{"title":"Myelin Quantification Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Ratio in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Jiyo S. Athertya, Xin Cheng, Qingbo Tang, Dina Moazamian, Eric Y. Chang, Catherine E. Johnson, Jiankun Cui, Zezong Gu, Yajun Ma, Jiang Du","doi":"10.1111/jon.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to assess the potential of ultrashort echo time imaging-based magnetization transfer ratio (UTE-MTR) in detecting demyelination in mice with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by an open-field low-intensity blast (LIB) injury model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 30 male C57BL/6 mice, approximately 8 weeks old, sourced from Jackson Laboratories in Bar Harbor, ME, and conducted under institutional guidelines. The mice were divided into the mTBI group (<i>n</i> = 15) and the sham control group (<i>n</i> = 15). All animal experiments followed the approved protocols for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and Animal Research. The mTBI group underwent the open-field LIB injury. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor activity and anxiety-like responses. UTE-MT imaging was performed using a 3 Tesla Bruker system to measure UTE-MTR from two UTE-MT datasets with saturation powers of 1500° and 500°, and two frequency offsets of 2 and 50 kHz, respectively. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining was performed to evaluate myelin content. The mean UTE-MTR values for regions of interest centered at the medial section of the corpus callosum were computed. The behavioral tests, LFB myelin staining, and UTE-MTR values were compared between the two groups using the independent <i>t</i>-test. <i>p</i> values <0.05 were considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mTBI mice demonstrated decreased motor activity and increased anxiety-like response over sham controls. The mTBI mice also showed significantly lower UTE-MTR values (0.399±0.007 vs. 0.393±0.005; <i>p</i><0.05) and reduced LFB myelin staining (0.848±0.324 vs. 1.145±0.260; <i>p</i> = 0.048) over sham controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significantly lower UTE-MTR values in the corpus callosum of mTBI mice are consistent with reduced LFB myelin staining, indicating that UTE-MTR can detect myelin loss and associated alterations in motor and anxiety domains post-LIB exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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