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Comparison of Jigsaw and Traditional Teaching Methods on Learning and Motivation of Laboratory Science Students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in Parasitology Course in 2022 拼图式教学法与传统教学法对 2022 年北呼罗珊医科大学检验科学专业学生学习寄生虫学课程的影响和动机的比较
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.25
Introduction: The jigsaw method of learning is a student-centered educational method, and one of its approaches is students' active participation in the class. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare teaching with two methods of jigsaw and lectures on the learning and motivation of laboratory science students in parasitology courses. Method: This study was carried out based on a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical design. In this study, 25 laboratory science students participated and were assigned to two groups: jigsaw and traditional. In each session, the teacher assigned a topic for each member of the jigsaw groups, and the students were given a week to study the topic. Thereafter, in the educational method of jigsaw, each student explained the presented material to other members. In the traditional method, each session was conducted by a teacher. At the end, the lecture and jigsaw groups were tested with the same questions and the scores of the two groups were compared. Results: In the examination of the difference between the total score in the jigsaw and lecture groups using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, the mean and median of the total scores in the jigsaw method were higher than the traditional method, and this difference was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Conclusion: Considering the many names of the parasitology course, hard learning, and students' complaints about the amount of content in this course, jigsaw can be a suitable method for teaching this course.
简介拼图学习法是一种以学生为中心的教育方法,其方法之一是学生积极参与课堂。因此,本研究旨在比较拼图法和讲授法两种教学方法对寄生虫学课程实验科学生的学习和积极性的影响。研究方法本研究采用横断面描述性分析设计。在这项研究中,25 名实验科学专业的学生被分配到两组:拼图组和传统组。在每节课上,教师为拼图组的每位成员指定一个主题,学生有一周的时间学习该主题。之后,在拼图教学法中,每个学生向其他成员讲解所学材料。在传统方法中,每节课都由一名教师主持。最后,用相同的问题对讲课组和拼图组进行测试,并比较两组的得分。结果:用非参数曼-惠特尼 U 检验法检验拼图组和讲授组总分的差异,拼图法总分的平均值和中位数均高于传统方法,在 95% 的置信水平下,这一差异具有统计学意义。结论考虑到寄生虫学课程名称多、学习难度大,以及学生对课程内容多的抱怨,拼图法不失为一种适合该课程的教学方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Two Types of Aerobic Exercise Programs on NT4 Gene Expression and Motor Performance in Spinally Injured Rats 两种有氧运动对脊髓损伤大鼠 NT4 基因表达和运动能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.11
Introduction: The present research aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of selective training on motor performance and neurotrophin4 (NT4) gene expression in the hippocampus of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: This experimental study was conducted on adult and young male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (control group, healthy group with the first exercise protocol, healthy group with the second exercise protocol, SCI group, SCI group with the first exercise protocol, and SCI group with the second exercise protocol; 7 animals in each group). Firstly, animals were subjected to general anesthesia and SCI. After two weeks of recovery, two types of aerobic exercise programs were performed for four weeks. After performing the exercises, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) test and molecular tests were used to measure the expression of the NT4 gene from the hippocampus of the animals using the qRT-PCR method. Results: The BBB score in the exercise group compared to the injury group increased significantly. The expression of NT4 in the SCI group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. While, NT4 expression was increased in the SCI + exercise 1 group and in the SCI + exercise 2 group compared to the SCI group, this increased expression was not significantly different between the two groups of SCI + exercise. Conclusion: The exercise protocols of this study are effective on NT4 gene expression, as well as improving movement in animals with SCI, and could be a factor for axonal growth and neuronal survival in spinal cord injury recovery.
引言本研究旨在探讨四周选择性训练对脊髓损伤(SCI)大鼠运动表现和海马区神经营养素4(NT4)基因表达的影响。研究方法本实验研究以成年和年轻雄性 Wistar 大鼠为对象。动物被随机分为六组(对照组、第一运动方案健康组、第二运动方案健康组、SCI 组、第一运动方案 SCI 组和第二运动方案 SCI 组;每组 7 只)。首先,对动物进行全身麻醉和 SCI。两周恢复后,进行为期四周的两种有氧运动。运动后,采用巴索-巴蒂-布雷斯纳汉(BBB)测试和分子测试,用qRT-PCR方法测量动物海马中NT4基因的表达。结果与损伤组相比,运动组的BBB评分明显升高。与对照组相比,SCI 组的 NT4 表达明显下降。虽然与 SCI 组相比,NT4 在 SCI + 运动 1 组和 SCI + 运动 2 组中的表达量有所增加,但这种增加在 SCI + 运动的两组之间没有明显差异。结论本研究的运动方案对NT4基因表达有效,并能改善SCI动物的运动能力,可能是脊髓损伤恢复过程中轴突生长和神经元存活的一个因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Citicoline and Atorvastatin Administration on the Regenerative Capacity of the Distal Segment of the Transected Sciatic Nerve in Conditions of Delayed Nerve Repair 服用西替考林和阿托伐他汀对延迟神经修复条件下断裂坐骨神经远端再生能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.1
Samira Bolandghamat, Nasser Mahdavi-Shahri
Introduction: The reduced organ function following delayed nerve repair highlights the need for pharmacological interventions. In this regard, many chemical agents have been administered after nerve injury; however, their functional outcomes are not satisfying yet. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of citicoline and atorvastatin on the regenerative capacity of the distal end of the transected sciatic nerve throughout a delayed nerve repair period. Method: The sciatic nerve of male rats (250-300 g) was transected, and the animals were intraperitoneally administrated citicoline (200 mg/kg, n=5), atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, n=5), citicoline + atorvastatin, and vehicles (control groups 1 and 2, n=5) for one month. In the sham group (n=5), the sciatic nerve was only exposed. After one month, the transected nerve was repaired. Fourteen weeks after surgical repair, morphometric and electron microscopic evaluations were performed on the nerve. Results: In the present study, improvement in the structural (fiber diameter, axon diameter, and myelin thickness, etc.) and ultrastructural (degree of myelin destruction) indices of the distal segment of the nerve was observed in the citicoline and atorvastatin groups compared to the control groups (P< 0.01). In addition, the nerve structural and ultrastructural indices in the citicoline + atorvastatin group were better than each citicoline and atorvastatin group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the administration of citicoline and atorvastatin leads to maintaining the regeneration capacity of the distal part of the nerve in the condition of delayed nerve repair
简介神经修复延迟后器官功能减退,这凸显了药物干预的必要性。在这方面,许多化学药物已在神经损伤后使用,但其功能效果尚不令人满意。本研究旨在评估在整个延迟神经修复期服用柠檬胆碱和阿托伐他汀对横断坐骨神经远端再生能力的影响。研究方法横断雄性大鼠(250-300克)坐骨神经,腹腔注射柠檬胆碱(200毫克/千克,n=5)、阿托伐他汀(5毫克/千克,n=5)、柠檬胆碱+阿托伐他汀和车辆(对照组1和2,n=5)一个月。假组(n=5)只暴露坐骨神经。一个月后,对横断的神经进行修复。手术修复 14 周后,对神经进行形态计量学和电子显微镜评估。结果:在本研究中,与对照组相比,西替考林组和阿托伐他汀组的神经远端结构(纤维直径、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度等)和超微结构(髓鞘破坏程度)指标均有所改善(P< 0.01)。此外,西替考林+阿托伐他汀组的神经结构和超微结构指数均优于西替考林和阿托伐他汀组。结论本研究结果表明,在神经修复延迟的情况下,服用柠檬胆碱和阿托伐他汀可维持神经远端部分的再生能力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ginger on Cardiac Parameters in Male Rats with Renovascular Hypertension 生姜水醇提取物对肾血管性高血压雄性大鼠心脏参数的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.37
Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the most important concerns of the healthcare system, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydromethanolic extract of ginger on cardiac parameters in male rats with renovascular hypertension. Method: A total of 54 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: control, hypertensive group, hypertensive group (hydromethanolic extract of ginger with a dose of 100 mg/kg), hypertensive group (hydromethanolic extract of ginger with a dose of 200 mg/kg), hypertensive group (hydromethanolic extract of ginger with a dose of 300 mg/kg), and surgical group receiving hydromethanolic extract of ginger with a dose of 200 mg/kg. Rats were gavaged for 42 days, once every day, using hydromethanol extract of ginger. Afterward, the heart rate was measured every 7 days. Ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac index were evaluated by SPSS-16 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that the hydroethanolic extract of ginger caused a significant decrease in heart rate in the group without induced blood pressure receiving ginger extract (dose of 200 mg/kg) and in the induced blood pressure group gavaged ginger at a dose of 200 mg/kg. It was also found that there was a significant difference between the average EF in the studied groups; however, the cardiac index had no significant difference in the studied groups. Conclusion: Hydroethanolic extract of ginger can reduce heart rate in hypertensive models and have a significant effect on cardiac output. Since ginger has no effect on cardiac index, studies with a longer duration of treatment are needed in this case, nevertheless, it can have a significant effect on ejection fraction
导言:高血压是医疗保健系统最关注的问题之一,尤其是在中低收入国家。本研究旨在探讨生姜水甲醇提取物对患有新血管性高血压的雄性大鼠心脏参数的保护作用。研究方法将 54 只大鼠随机分为以下 6 组:对照组、高血压组、高血压组(生姜水醇提取物剂量为 100 毫克/千克)、高血压组(生姜水醇提取物剂量为 200 毫克/千克)、高血压组(生姜水醇提取物剂量为 300 毫克/千克)和接受生姜水醇提取物剂量为 200 毫克/千克的手术组。大鼠连续 42 天每天一次灌胃生姜水乙醇提取物。之后,每 7 天测量一次心率。射血分数(EF)和心脏指数由 SPSS-16 进行评估,显著性水平为 0.05。研究结果研究结果表明,接受生姜提取物(剂量为 200 毫克/千克)的无诱导性血压组和剂量为 200 毫克/千克的诱导性血压组灌胃生姜后,生姜水乙醇提取物可显著降低心率。研究还发现,各研究组的平均 EF 值之间存在显著差异;但各研究组的心脏指数没有显著差异。结论生姜水乙醇提取物可降低高血压模型的心率,并对心输出量有显著影响。由于生姜对心脏指数没有影响,因此在这种情况下需要进行疗程更长的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the Frequency of Vaginal Infections in Women with Premature Delivery and Women with Term Delivery in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan in 2018 2018年扎黑丹阿里-伊本-阿比塔勒布医院早产妇女与足月分娩妇女阴道感染频率的比较
Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.30
Introduction: Premature birth is one of the most common causes of infant mortality worldwide. In many countries, preterm birth rates increased between 1990 and 2010. Vaginal infections are important causes of preterm labor (PTL). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of vaginal infections in causing preterm labor. Method: This study was a case-control study. The target population was pregnant women referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018 who were aged 20 to 38 years and were diagnosed with PTL. The control group included an equal number of women with the same age range but term labor. To investigate candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, and group B streptococcali, swab samples were taken from the vagina and rectum. Different laboratory methods were performed to isolate the above-mentioned microorganisms, including microscopy of wet mount smear, Gram stain, culture on Sabouraud agar, and 5% sheep blood agar. Moreover, four Amsel criteria were used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. At last, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS-19 software with a p-value of 0.05. Results: A total of 300 patients were included in the study, and the mean age was not statistically significantly different between the two groups of PTL and term labor. No statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of vaginal candidiasis (P=0.081), bacterial vaginosis (P=0.906), and trichomonas infection (P=0.904) between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that the genital infections examined in this study do not play a role in increasing the prevalence of premature birth.
导言:早产是全球最常见的婴儿死亡原因之一。在许多国家,早产率在 1990 年至 2010 年间有所上升。阴道感染是导致早产(PTL)的重要原因。因此,本研究旨在确定阴道感染在导致早产中的作用。研究方法本研究为病例对照研究。目标人群为2018年到伊朗扎黑丹阿里-伊本-阿比塔勒布医院就诊的孕妇,年龄在20至38岁之间,被诊断为PTL。对照组包括同等数量的相同年龄段但为足月分娩的妇女。为调查念珠菌、滴虫、细菌性阴道病和 B 组链球菌,从阴道和直肠采集了拭子样本。为分离上述微生物,采用了不同的实验室方法,包括湿涂片显微镜检查、革兰氏染色、沙保利琼脂培养和 5%羊血琼脂培养。此外,还采用了四项 Amsel 标准来诊断细菌性阴道病。最后,用 SPSS-19 软件对收集的数据进行分析,P 值为 0.05。结果研究共纳入 300 名患者,PTL 和足月分娩两组患者的平均年龄在统计学上无显著差异。两组患者阴道念珠菌病(P=0.081)、细菌性阴道病(P=0.906)和滴虫感染(P=0.904)的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论本研究中的生殖器感染似乎并没有增加早产的发生率。
{"title":"Comparison of the Frequency of Vaginal Infections in Women with Premature Delivery and Women with Term Delivery in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan in 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Premature birth is one of the most common causes of infant mortality worldwide. In many countries, preterm birth rates increased between 1990 and 2010. Vaginal infections are important causes of preterm labor (PTL). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of vaginal infections in causing preterm labor. Method: This study was a case-control study. The target population was pregnant women referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018 who were aged 20 to 38 years and were diagnosed with PTL. The control group included an equal number of women with the same age range but term labor. To investigate candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, and group B streptococcali, swab samples were taken from the vagina and rectum. Different laboratory methods were performed to isolate the above-mentioned microorganisms, including microscopy of wet mount smear, Gram stain, culture on Sabouraud agar, and 5% sheep blood agar. Moreover, four Amsel criteria were used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. At last, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS-19 software with a p-value of 0.05. Results: A total of 300 patients were included in the study, and the mean age was not statistically significantly different between the two groups of PTL and term labor. No statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of vaginal candidiasis (P=0.081), bacterial vaginosis (P=0.906), and trichomonas infection (P=0.904) between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that the genital infections examined in this study do not play a role in increasing the prevalence of premature birth.","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Social Health and its Relationship with Quality of Life in Medical Students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences 戈勒斯坦医科大学医学生社会健康及其与生活质量关系的调查
Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.55
Introduction: Social health is the most complex aspect of health that plays a key role in the quality of social life and can be the cause of suffering or aggravation of psycho-social and physical problems. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating social health and its relationship with quality of life among medical students at Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Method: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified random sampling. A total of 190 people were selected for non-clinical and clinical stages. Data were collected using a questionnaire to determine social health and quality of life and then analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) using the t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, X2, as well as Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: The mean age of the students was 23.06±2.28 years, and the majority (58.9%) were female. The average scores of social health and quality of life of the students were 104.16±8.47 and 90.9±13.01, respectively. Social health had a direct and significant relationship with quality of life (r=0.0482, P=0.001). Age showed an inverse relationship with social health (r=-0.17, P=0.8) and a direct relationship with quality of life (r=0.14, P=0.07). Variables of gender, ethnicity, marital status, and place of residence had no relationship with social health indicators or quality of life. Conclusion: Social health is directly related to the quality-of-life index of students. Moreover, an increase in age improves the quality of life but decreases social health.
引言社会健康是健康中最复杂的方面,对社会生活质量起着关键作用,也可能是导致社会心理和生理问题痛苦或加重的原因。因此,本研究旨在调查 2018 年戈勒斯坦医科大学医学生的社会健康及其与生活质量的关系。研究方法:本研究采用分层随机抽样法进行描述性分析和横断面研究。非临床阶段和临床阶段共选取 190 人。数据收集采用问卷调查法,以确定社会健康状况和生活质量,然后使用 SPSS 软件(版本 16)进行分析,采用 t 检验、方差分析、Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验、X2 以及 Pearson 和 Spearman 相关性分析。显著性水平为 0.05。结果学生的平均年龄为(23.06±2.28)岁,大多数(58.9%)为女性。学生社交健康和生活质量的平均得分分别为(104.16±8.47)分和(90.9±13.01)分。社交健康与生活质量有直接的显著关系(r=0.0482,P=0.001)。年龄与社会健康呈反向关系(r=-0.17,P=0.8),与生活质量呈直接关系(r=0.14,P=0.07)。性别、种族、婚姻状况和居住地等变量与社会健康指标或生活质量没有关系。结论社会健康与学生的生活质量指数直接相关。此外,年龄的增长会提高生活质量,但会降低社会健康水平。
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引用次数: 0
Emergence and Dimension of Medicalization Phenomenon in the Socio-Historical Context: With a Glance at the Dimensions of Medicalization in Iran 社会历史背景下医疗化现象的出现及其影响:伊朗医疗化的方方面面
Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.72
Introduction: Medicalization can be defined as the process by which some aspects of human life come to be recognized as medical problems, while before that, they were not considered pathological. Considering the importance of an awareness of the dimensions and consequences of medicalization, the present study aimed to securitize the historical aspects, emergence, and dimensions of medicalization with a glance at this phenomenon in Iran. Method: This descriptive-analytical study tried to address the dimensions and process of medicalization in a historical context and finally discuss the motor engines, aspects, and effects of medicalization in Iran. Results: Modern medicine and capitalism use three motor engines, including consumers, technology, and controlled medical care, to dominate and govern societies. During the last few decades, especially in the post-war period, medicalization has found its place in Iran's society with the change of cultural and consumer patterns. Conclusion: Due to the keen dependence on technology and the capitalistic paradigm, modern medicine has been affected by the discourse and capitalist view in some areas. Therefore, some aspects of human life have been redefined under the label of disease and put in the cycle of supply and demand.
导 言医疗化可以定义为人类生活的某些方面被认为是医疗问题的过程,而在此之前,这些问题并不被认为是病态的。考虑到认识医疗化的层面和后果的重要性,本研究旨在通过对伊朗医疗化现象的考察,对医疗化的历史方面、出现和层面进行证券化。研究方法:这项描述性分析研究试图在历史背景下探讨医疗化的各个层面和过程,并最终讨论伊朗医疗化的发动机、各个方面和影响。研究结果:现代医学和资本主义利用消费者、技术和受控医疗等三个引擎来支配和管理社会。在过去几十年中,尤其是战后时期,随着文化和消费模式的变化,医疗化在伊朗社会中找到了自己的位置。结论:由于对技术和资本主义范式的强烈依赖,现代医学在某些领域受到了话语和资本主义观点的影响。因此,人类生活的某些方面在疾病的标签下被重新定义,并被置于供需循环之中。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Effect of Aerobic and Combined Upper Body Exercises on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Disabled Veterans with Lower Limb Amputation 有氧运动和联合上肢运动对下肢截肢伤残退伍军人心血管风险因素的影响调查
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.63
Introduction: Disabled veterans with lower limb amputation are at risk of cardiovascular disease 2 to 3 times more than healthy counterparts due to physical problems and immobility. Exercise is an effective intervention in reducing cardiovascular diseases in different groups. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic and combined upper-body exercises on cardiovascular risk factors of disabled veterans with lower limb amputation. Method: In this clinical trial, 45 disabled veterans with lower limb amputation were randomly divided into 3 groups of aerobic exercise, combined exercise, and control. The exercise groups received the desired intervention 3 sessions every week for 12 weeks by observing the overload principle in the duration, volume, and intensity. Measurements of body composition, metabolic indices, and inflammatory indices (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 6 [IL-6], and vascular cell adhesion molecule [V-CAM]) were performed before and after the interventions. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-25 software at a significance level of P≤0.05. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired-sample t-test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. Results: A significant improvement was observed in weight, body mass index, blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, CRP, and IL-6 in the aerobic and combined training groups, compared to the control group (P≤0.05). A significant improvement was observed in the V-CAM only in the combined training group, compared to the control group (P=0.018). No significant changes were seen in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase after any of the interventions (P≥0.05). Conclusion: For disabled veterans with lower limb amputation, aerobic and combined upper-body exercises can have numerous benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors.
导言:下肢截肢的残疾退伍军人由于身体问题和行动不便,罹患心血管疾病的风险是健康退伍军人的 2 至 3 倍。运动是减少不同人群心血管疾病的有效干预措施。本研究旨在探讨为期 12 周的有氧运动和上肢综合运动对下肢截肢伤残退伍军人心血管风险因素的影响。研究方法在这项临床试验中,45 名下肢截肢的伤残退伍军人被随机分为有氧运动组、综合运动组和对照组 3 组。运动组每周接受 3 次所需的干预,持续 12 周,在持续时间、运动量和强度方面遵守超负荷原则。干预前后对身体成分、代谢指数和炎症指数(C反应蛋白[CRP]、白细胞介素6[IL-6]和血管细胞粘附分子[V-CAM])进行了测量。所有统计分析均使用 SPSS-25 软件进行,显著性水平为 P≤0.05。组内和组间比较采用单因素方差分析、Tukey 后检验和配对样本 t 检验。结果与对照组相比,有氧训练组和联合训练组的体重、体重指数、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、CRP 和 IL-6 均有明显改善(P≤0.05)。与对照组相比,只有联合训练组的 V-CAM 有明显改善(P=0.018)。任何干预措施后,天门冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶均无明显变化(P≥0.05)。结论对于下肢截肢的伤残退伍军人来说,有氧运动和上肢综合运动可通过改善心血管风险因素,对预防心血管疾病有诸多益处。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Injectable Sustained-Release Risperidone by Lipid Liquid Crystal Vehicle 脂质液晶载体注射用缓释利培酮的制备与理化评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.3.43
Introduction: Risperidone is a highly effective medicine in patients with mental disorders. Since maintaining blood concentrations of risperidone within the therapeutic index is pivotal during treatment, these patients should receive medication daily and continuously. Method: In this study, an optimal lipid liquid crystal was designed according to the maximum release for 60 days based on different ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to sorbitan monooleate (PC:SMO), tween 80 (w/w%), and tocopherol acetate (w/w%) using Design Expert software with the Central Composite Design (CCD) method. Release evaluations were conducted in vitro to compare the effects of lipid liquid crystal and Risperdal CONSTA®. The structure evaluation was also tested using polarized electron microscopy and in vitro assessment via cell culture. Results: The optimal formulation was selected based on the maximum release (100%) of the drug obtained within 2 months with a PC: SMO ratio of 58.6%, tween 0.82% (w/w), and tocopherol acetate 3.6% (w/w). A hexagonal mesophase with a dihedral structure was observed in the liquid crystal structure. No toxicity was observed in the cell culture test. Conclusion: The comparison of the results of in vitro studies of the liquid crystal formulation containing risperidone and the commercial formulation, Risperdal CONSTA®, showed that the liquid crystal system provides better and more uniform drug release for 60 days. Therefore, it can increase patient compliance and ease the problems of oral administration
简介利培酮是治疗精神障碍患者的高效药物。在治疗过程中,保持利培酮的血药浓度在治疗指数范围内至关重要,因此这些患者应每天持续服药。研究方法本研究使用 Design Expert 软件和中央复合设计法(CCD),根据磷脂酰胆碱(PC)与山梨糖醇单油酸酯(PC:SMO)、吐温 80(w/w%)和生育酚醋酸酯(w/w%)的不同比例,设计了 60 天内最大释放量的最佳脂质液晶。在体外进行了释放评估,以比较脂质液晶和利培酮 CONSTA® 的效果。此外,还使用偏振电子显微镜对结构进行了评估,并通过细胞培养进行了体外评估。结果:根据 2 个月内获得的最大药物释放量(100%),选择了最佳配方,PC.SMO 比率为 58.6%:SMO比率为58.6%,吐温为0.82%(重量比),生育酚醋酸酯为3.6%(重量比)。在液晶结构中观察到具有二面体结构的六方介相。在细胞培养试验中未观察到毒性。结论对含有利培酮的液晶制剂和商业制剂利培酮 CONSTA® 的体外研究结果进行比较后发现,液晶系统在 60 天内的药物释放效果更好、更均匀。因此,它可以提高患者的依从性,缓解口服给药的问题
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引用次数: 0
Association between Polymorphism in XRCC7 Gene (G6721T) and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-control Study XRCC7基因(G6721T)多态性与多发性硬化症风险的关系:一项病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.32592/nkums.15.2.87
Introduction: The XRCC7 gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), is one of the most important genes in the DNA double-strand break (DSBs) repair. It is supposed that DNA repair gene malfunction is the main risk factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. The impact of XRCC7 G6721T (rs7003908) polymorphism on the splicing regulation cause mRNA instability. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the possible association between XRCC7 G6721T polymorphism and MS susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population.Method: This case-control study was performed on 113 MS patients versus 122 healthy controls. The genotype analysis of the XRCC7 G6721T polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.Results: A significant statistical difference in the genotypic frequencies of TT between cases and controls was found (P=0.003). The genotypic frequencies of the XRCC7 G6721T polymorphism were not significantly different in MS patients compared to the control group under the dominant and recessive genetic models. Moreover, the T allele was the risk factor for MS (P=0.002).Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for a possible link between XRCC7 and the development of MS in the Iranian population. Therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to support the findings of this research.
XRCC7基因编码DNA活化蛋白激酶(DNA- pkcs)的催化亚基,是DNA双链断裂(DSBs)修复过程中最重要的基因之一。DNA修复基因功能障碍被认为是各种神经退行性疾病的主要危险因素。XRCC7 G6721T (rs7003908)多态性对剪接调控的影响导致mRNA不稳定。因此,本研究旨在评估伊朗人群样本中XRCC7 G6721T多态性与MS易感性之间的可能关联。方法:对113例多发性硬化症患者和122例健康对照者进行病例对照研究。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对XRCC7 G6721T多态性进行基因型分析。结果:TT基因型频率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。在显性和隐性遗传模型下,MS患者与对照组相比,XRCC7 G6721T多态性的基因型频率无显著差异。T等位基因是MS的危险因素(P=0.002)。结论:我们的研究结果为XRCC7与伊朗人群多发性硬化症的发展之间可能存在联系提供了证据。因此,需要更大样本量的进一步研究来支持本研究的发现。
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journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences
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