Introduction: One of the issues that have always occupied the minds of dentists is the fate of teeth that are subjected to traumatic injuries. Parents are the primary source of timely management. Therefore, the final prognosis of an affected tooth mainly depends on the knowledge of parents, especially mothers. The present study aimed to investigate awareness of dental injuries among mothers referring to Bojnourd Dental School and private pediatric dental offices and compare the effect of two educational interventions, pamphlet and application, on dental injury management. Method: A total of 150 mothers were randomly assigned to two groups: pamphlet intervention and application intervention (n=75 in each group). After completing the informed consent forms, the questionnaires were provided to mothers. After collecting the questionnaires, pamphlets and applications with similar content regarding the management of dental injuries were provided to the two groups. One month after the interventions, the same questionnaire was completed by mothers. Therefore, pre-test and post-test results were compared. Results: A total of 146 mothers participated in this study. The mean awareness score in both the pamphlet and application groups increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the mean awareness score between the two intervention groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, parents have insufficient information about dental trauma; therefore, practical steps should be taken to raise this awareness. In our study, both pamphlets and applications were equally effective in increasing mothers' awareness of dental injuries. Of note, finding a more efficient method needs further studies
{"title":"Comparing the Efficacy of Mobile Application vs. Educational Pamphlets in Awareness of Dental Trauma among Mothers Referring to Bojnourd Dental School and Private Clinics","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the issues that have always occupied the minds of dentists is the fate of teeth that are subjected to traumatic injuries. Parents are the primary source of timely management. Therefore, the final prognosis of an affected tooth mainly depends on the knowledge of parents, especially mothers. The present study aimed to investigate awareness of dental injuries among mothers referring to Bojnourd Dental School and private pediatric dental offices and compare the effect of two educational interventions, pamphlet and application, on dental injury management.\u0000Method: A total of 150 mothers were randomly assigned to two groups: pamphlet intervention and application intervention (n=75 in each group). After completing the informed consent forms, the questionnaires were provided to mothers. After collecting the questionnaires, pamphlets and applications with similar content regarding the management of dental injuries were provided to the two groups. One month after the interventions, the same questionnaire was completed by mothers. Therefore, pre-test and post-test results were compared.\u0000Results: A total of 146 mothers participated in this study. The mean awareness score in both the pamphlet and application groups increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the mean awareness score between the two intervention groups (P>0.05).\u0000Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, parents have insufficient information about dental trauma; therefore, practical steps should be taken to raise this awareness. In our study, both pamphlets and applications were equally effective in increasing mothers' awareness of dental injuries. Of note, finding a more efficient method needs further studies","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"28 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87657338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the depression of MS patients based on behavioral-brain systems mediated by cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety in the form of a causal model. Method: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all MS patients in Mashhad, Iran. Considering 20 people for each parameter of the model, 300 people were selected according to the suggestion of Schuman, Bolton, and Short (2017), which increased to 350 people by the cluster random sampling method due to the possibility of dropout. Data were collected through standard tools: Beck depression (1972), Carver and White (1994) behavioral-brain system, cognitive flexibility of Dennis Wonderwall (2010), Sexton and Dougas (2004) cognitive avoidance, and Pennsylvania concern. The structural modeling method and AMOS software (version 21) were used to analyze the results. Results: The results showed that the activating behavioral-brain system and cognitive flexibility had a negative and significant relationship with depression in MS cases. Moreover, the inhibitory behavioral-brain system, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety had a positive and significant relationship with depression. The standardized indirect effect of activating behavioral systems on depression was also significant, and the inhibitory system had a significant indirect effect on cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety. The activating behavioral system can negatively predict depression, and the inhibitory behavioral system can positively predict depression. Conclusion: According to the findings, behavioral-brain systems can predict 0.36 of depressive changes in MS patients due to cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety.
本研究旨在以因果模型的形式探讨由认知灵活性、认知回避和焦虑介导的行为-脑系统对MS患者抑郁的影响。方法:采用结构方程模型进行描述性相关研究。统计人群包括伊朗马什哈德的所有MS患者。考虑到模型的每个参数20人，根据Schuman, Bolton, and Short(2017)的建议选择了300人，考虑到可能出现dropout，采用整群随机抽样的方法增加到350人。通过标准工具收集数据:Beck抑郁症(1972)、Carver和White(1994)行为脑系统、Dennis Wonderwall的认知灵活性(2010)、Sexton和Dougas(2004)认知回避和Pennsylvania关注。采用结构建模方法和AMOS软件(version 21)对结果进行分析。结果:MS患者的行为-脑系统激活和认知灵活性与抑郁呈显著负相关。抑制性行为-脑系统、认知回避和焦虑与抑郁呈显著正相关。激活行为系统对抑郁的标准化间接效应显著，抑制系统对认知灵活性、认知回避和焦虑的间接效应显著。激活行为系统能负向预测抑郁，抑制行为系统能正向预测抑郁。结论:根据研究结果，行为-脑系统可以预测0.36%的MS患者因认知灵活性、认知回避和焦虑引起的抑郁变化。
{"title":"Relationship between Behavioral-Brain Systems and Depression in Patients with MS Mediated by Cognitive Flexibility, Cognitive Avoidance, and Anxiety","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the depression of MS patients based on behavioral-brain systems mediated by cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety in the form of a causal model.\u0000Method: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all MS patients in Mashhad, Iran. Considering 20 people for each parameter of the model, 300 people were selected according to the suggestion of Schuman, Bolton, and Short (2017), which increased to 350 people by the cluster random sampling method due to the possibility of dropout. Data were collected through standard tools: Beck depression (1972), Carver and White (1994) behavioral-brain system, cognitive flexibility of Dennis Wonderwall (2010), Sexton and Dougas (2004) cognitive avoidance, and Pennsylvania concern. The structural modeling method and AMOS software (version 21) were used to analyze the results.\u0000Results: The results showed that the activating behavioral-brain system and cognitive flexibility had a negative and significant relationship with depression in MS cases. Moreover, the inhibitory behavioral-brain system, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety had a positive and significant relationship with depression. The standardized indirect effect of activating behavioral systems on depression was also significant, and the inhibitory system had a significant indirect effect on cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety. The activating behavioral system can negatively predict depression, and the inhibitory behavioral system can positively predict depression.\u0000Conclusion: According to the findings, behavioral-brain systems can predict 0.36 of depressive changes in MS patients due to cognitive flexibility, cognitive avoidance, and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88835884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study was performed to investigate the frequency of iron-deficiency anemia and some related factors in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease between 2011 and 2019 in Mashhad City, Iran. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a consensus method on children under 14 years of age. The samples were diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease in the pediatric heart department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad and had an oxygen saturation of less than 94%. The information from the patients' files was recorded in the questionnaire. The studied children were divided into five age groups to evaluate iron-deficiency anemia. The mean and lower limit of normal erythrocyte indices were determined, and the patients with anemia were identified based on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS23 software using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Among 250 examined patients, 90 cases were included in the study (54 boys and 36 girls). Angiography was the reason for half of these patients' referral to the hospital. The highest frequency was related to patients with tetralogy of Fallot (40%). The frequency rates of iron-deficiency anemia based on MCV and MCH erythrocyte indices were 10% and 17.8%, respectively. Moreover, 64.4% of patients had increased RDW levels. Cyanosis attacks were reported positive in 85.4% of the studied population. Of note, the frequency of cyanosis attacks was not significantly different in the two gender groups (P<0.494). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia, especially in children with congenital heart disease, the treatment of this disorder is necessary for all such children and should not be neglected
{"title":"Examining the Prevalence of Iron-deficiency Anemia in Children with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Admitted to the Pediatric Heart Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad between 2011 and 2019: A Cross-sectional Observational Study","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study was performed to investigate the frequency of iron-deficiency anemia and some related factors in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease between 2011 and 2019 in Mashhad City, Iran.\u0000Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a consensus method on children under 14 years of age. The samples were diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease in the pediatric heart department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad and had an oxygen saturation of less than 94%. The information from the patients' files was recorded in the questionnaire. The studied children were divided into five age groups to evaluate iron-deficiency anemia. The mean and lower limit of normal erythrocyte indices were determined, and the patients with anemia were identified based on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS23 software using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.\u0000Results: Among 250 examined patients, 90 cases were included in the study (54 boys and 36 girls). Angiography was the reason for half of these patients' referral to the hospital. The highest frequency was related to patients with tetralogy of Fallot (40%). The frequency rates of iron-deficiency anemia based on MCV and MCH erythrocyte indices were 10% and 17.8%, respectively. Moreover, 64.4% of patients had increased RDW levels. Cyanosis attacks were reported positive in 85.4% of the studied population. Of note, the frequency of cyanosis attacks was not significantly different in the two gender groups (P<0.494).\u0000Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia, especially in children with congenital heart disease, the treatment of this disorder is necessary for all such children and should not be neglected","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79012840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interventions based on models and theories of health education and promotion in preventing substance abuse in adolescents. Method: A detailed search was performed in Magiran, SID, Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases using related keywords to extract all studies published in this field with the time limit of January 1, 2011 to December 21, 2021. After screening the studies, 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined. Results: In this research, there were 7 semi-experimental studies, 3 clinical trials, and 1 unclear study, which were conducted on first- and second-grade high school students. Educational interventions were conducted in 6 articles based on the theory of planned behavior, 2 articles based on the health belief model, 1 article based on the developed theory of rational action, 1 article based on the trans theoretical model, and 1 article based on the family interaction theory. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of different models/theories could have a positive effect on preventing substance abuse and subsequently performing health behaviors. Based on the findings, the structure of attitude and self-efficacy were introduced as the most important and strongest variables in most studies and played a crucial role in preventing substance abuse and health behavior in students
前言:本研究的目的是探讨基于健康教育和促进模型和理论的干预措施在预防青少年药物滥用中的有效性。方法:在Magiran、SID、Web of Science、Scopus、Pubmed、谷歌Scholar等数据库中使用相关关键词进行详细检索，提取该领域2011年1月1日至2021年12月21日期间发表的所有研究。筛选研究后，11篇符合纳入标准的文章被纳入研究。结果:本研究共进行了7项半实验研究，3项临床研究，1项不明确研究，研究对象为高中一、二年级学生。基于计划行为理论的6篇、基于健康信念模型的2篇、基于理性行为发达理论的1篇、基于跨理论模型的1篇、基于家庭互动理论的1篇进行教育干预。结论:使用不同的模型/理论对预防药物滥用和实施健康行为具有积极作用。在此基础上，大多数研究都认为态度结构和自我效能感是最重要和最强的变量，在预防学生药物滥用和健康行为中起着至关重要的作用
{"title":"Application of Models and Theories of Health Education and Health Promotion in the Prevention of Substance Abuse in Adolescents: A Systematic Review","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interventions based on models and theories of health education and promotion in preventing substance abuse in adolescents.\u0000Method: A detailed search was performed in Magiran, SID, Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases using related keywords to extract all studies published in this field with the time limit of January 1, 2011 to December 21, 2021. After screening the studies, 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined.\u0000Results: In this research, there were 7 semi-experimental studies, 3 clinical trials, and 1 unclear study, which were conducted on first- and second-grade high school students. Educational interventions were conducted in 6 articles based on the theory of planned behavior, 2 articles based on the health belief model, 1 article based on the developed theory of rational action, 1 article based on the trans theoretical model, and 1 article based on the family interaction theory.\u0000Conclusion: The results showed that the use of different models/theories could have a positive effect on preventing substance abuse and subsequently performing health behaviors. Based on the findings, the structure of attitude and self-efficacy were introduced as the most important and strongest variables in most studies and played a crucial role in preventing substance abuse and health behavior in students","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80178046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The present study aimed to extend a novel vehicle for sustained delivery of risperidone to improve schizophrenia therapy. Risperidone is used as an anti-psychotic drug to treat various psychological conditions. Lipid liquid crystal (LLC) gel containing various lipids, solvents, and stabilizers turns into a sustain-release gel in contact with the aqueous medium. Method: Glycerol monooleate (GMO), glycerol dioleate (GDO), and glycerol trioleate (GTO) alongside several ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to oil and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent percent (w/w %) were assessed for initial burst release (IBR) for LLC. Some In-vitro evaluations, pharmacokinetics assessments, and histopathological studies were done to gain optimal formulation. Results: the GDO-based LLC showed lower IBR in comparison to other glycerol-based formulations. Pharmacokinetic data revealed that GDO at PC:oil = 2.2:1 and NMP = 30% made a sustained release for two months. Risperdal CONSTA® can reach the required therapeutic levels after 2–3 weeks; however, over the lag period, co-administration of oral risperidone is essential. The histopathology results indicated approximately no side effects in rabbits. Conclusion: This study confirms the great potential of GDO-based LLC in comparison to Risperdal CONSTA®. Furthermore, the results showed that a single injection of GDO-based formulations could maintain drug release in both in-vitro and in-vivo for two months in the therapeutic range.
{"title":"Sustained Release In-situ Forming Liquid Crystal Gel Containing Risperidone: In-vitro Evaluation and Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed to extend a novel vehicle for sustained delivery of risperidone to improve schizophrenia therapy. Risperidone is used as an anti-psychotic drug to treat various psychological conditions. Lipid liquid crystal (LLC) gel containing various lipids, solvents, and stabilizers turns into a sustain-release gel in contact with the aqueous medium.\u0000Method: Glycerol monooleate (GMO), glycerol dioleate (GDO), and glycerol trioleate (GTO) alongside several ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to oil and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent percent (w/w %) were assessed for initial burst release (IBR) for LLC. Some In-vitro evaluations, pharmacokinetics assessments, and histopathological studies were done to gain optimal formulation.\u0000Results: the GDO-based LLC showed lower IBR in comparison to other glycerol-based formulations. Pharmacokinetic data revealed that GDO at PC:oil = 2.2:1 and NMP = 30% made a sustained release for two months. Risperdal CONSTA® can reach the required therapeutic levels after 2–3 weeks; however, over the lag period, co-administration of oral risperidone is essential. The histopathology results indicated approximately no side effects in rabbits.\u0000Conclusion: This study confirms the great potential of GDO-based LLC in comparison to Risperdal CONSTA®. Furthermore, the results showed that a single injection of GDO-based formulations could maintain drug release in both in-vitro and in-vivo for two months in the therapeutic range.","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83861761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pregnancy is a natural process in every woman's life, leading to the birth of a child. Since the fate of pregnancy can end in death, an in-depth study of the influential factors in the reduction of maternal mortality rate can significantly improve care programs for pregnant mothers. Method: This qualitative research was performed in the health services of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. In-depth individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were conducted based on the interview guide. To evaluate the correctness and reliability, four indices were used, including reliability, validity and acceptability, verifiability, and transferability. The contractual content method was used for analysis. Results: In this research, 27 subjects were included, and 67 primary concepts were obtained. In the analysis of the interviews, in the coding stage, six subcategories and, finally, three main categories (individual factors, social factors affecting health, and service provision) were extracted. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the provision of health services was not optimal. In order to effectively reduce the ratio of maternal deaths, it is necessary to pay attention to the quantity and quality of care before, during, and after childbirth, as well as targeted training. Increasing the coverage and quality of pregnancy care, improving the quality of family planning counseling, and improving the skills and knowledge of the medical and midwifery staff in the field of postpartum care will be among the most critical effective measures in reducing maternal mortality
{"title":"Explaining the Experiences of Common Causes of Death among Pregnant Mothers in the Least Privileged Province of the Country (A qualitative Study)","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy is a natural process in every woman's life, leading to the birth of a child. Since the fate of pregnancy can end in death, an in-depth study of the influential factors in the reduction of maternal mortality rate can significantly improve care programs for pregnant mothers.\u0000Method: This qualitative research was performed in the health services of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. In-depth individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were conducted based on the interview guide. To evaluate the correctness and reliability, four indices were used, including reliability, validity and acceptability, verifiability, and transferability. The contractual content method was used for analysis.\u0000Results: In this research, 27 subjects were included, and 67 primary concepts were obtained. In the analysis of the interviews, in the coding stage, six subcategories and, finally, three main categories (individual factors, social factors affecting health, and service provision) were extracted.\u0000Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the provision of health services was not optimal. In order to effectively reduce the ratio of maternal deaths, it is necessary to pay attention to the quantity and quality of care before, during, and after childbirth, as well as targeted training. Increasing the coverage and quality of pregnancy care, improving the quality of family planning counseling, and improving the skills and knowledge of the medical and midwifery staff in the field of postpartum care will be among the most critical effective measures in reducing maternal mortality","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87713668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Alipour, Samar Mortazavi, Alireza Abbaspoor, H. M. Doost, Ph.D. candidate, Mohammad Doost, یلع نیسح روپ
Introduction: Northern part of Iran is located on the esophagus cancer belt worldwide, and North Khorasan province is considered a part of this region. This study was conducted to investigate some possible risk factors for esophageal cancer in North Khorasan province. Method: This cross-sectional study was based on esophageal endoscopy findings and histopathology reports. A total of 100 patients underwent endoscopy of whom 38 cases (19 male and 19 female) were diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Data consisted of age, gender, occupation, residential location, smoking, addiction history, education, food habits, hot tea consumption, lesion area, type of tissue, and alcohol consumption. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were investigated, followed by the evaluation of the reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26). Results: The mean content validity index was 0.91, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.84. In this study, the highest incidence rates of esophageal cancer were in Bojnourd, Raz and Jargalan, Esfarayen, Maneh and Samolghan, Jajarm, and Shirvan in descending order. The mean age of patients with esophageal cancer was 66.36 years. The most common histological types of this cancer were related to squamous cell carcinoma (68.42%) and adenocarcinoma (28.94%), respectively. The distribution of esophageal carcinoma by anatomical location was 10.52% for the upper third, 26.31% for the middle third, and 63.15% for the distal third. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor esophageal cancer continuously in North Khorasan province. This study suggests investigating how the recent pandemic of COVID-19 affects the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in the future
{"title":"Investigation of Some Possible Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in North Khorasan Province","authors":"Hossein Alipour, Samar Mortazavi, Alireza Abbaspoor, H. M. Doost, Ph.D. candidate, Mohammad Doost, یلع نیسح روپ","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.1.89","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Northern part of Iran is located on the esophagus cancer belt worldwide, and North Khorasan province is considered a part of this region. This study was conducted to investigate some possible risk factors for esophageal cancer in North Khorasan province.\u0000Method: This cross-sectional study was based on esophageal endoscopy findings and histopathology reports. A total of 100 patients underwent endoscopy of whom 38 cases (19 male and 19 female) were diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Data consisted of age, gender, occupation, residential location, smoking, addiction history, education, food habits, hot tea consumption, lesion area, type of tissue, and alcohol consumption. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were investigated, followed by the evaluation of the reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26).\u0000Results: The mean content validity index was 0.91, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.84. In this study, the highest incidence rates of esophageal cancer were in Bojnourd, Raz and Jargalan, Esfarayen, Maneh and Samolghan, Jajarm, and Shirvan in descending order. The mean age of patients with esophageal cancer was 66.36 years. The most common histological types of this cancer were related to squamous cell carcinoma (68.42%) and adenocarcinoma (28.94%), respectively. The distribution of esophageal carcinoma by anatomical location was 10.52% for the upper third, 26.31% for the middle third, and 63.15% for the distal third.\u0000Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor esophageal cancer continuously in North Khorasan province. This study suggests investigating how the recent pandemic of COVID-19 affects the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in the future","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78951512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is widely used around the world. Advanced oxidation processes are used for the degradation of resistant organic pollutants in aqueous solutions due to their high oxidation potential. This study aimed to estimate the performance of the ultraviolet rays/hydrogen peroxide/silver nanoparticles (UV/Ag/H2O2) in removing tetracycline antibiotics. Method: In this study, the degradation of tetracycline by the UV/Ag/H2O2 process was investigated under various conditions. The effects of different parameters, such as silver nanoparticles (1, 2, 4, and 6 mM), hydrogen peroxide concentration (10, 30, 50, 80, and 100 mM), pH (4, 7, and 10), and initial antibiotic concentration (15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) were investigated in the degradation of tetracycline. Finally, the antibacterial property of the synthesized nanoparticle was determined. Results: Under optimal conditions, within 90 min, the efficiency of tetracycline removal reached above 85% following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained optimum conditions were as follows: tetracycline concentration (15 mg/L), oxidant concentration (80 mM), silver catalyst concentration (4 mM), and pH equal to 4. The size and morphological properties of nanoparticles were assessed by TEM, which showed that particles had a spherical shape with a diameter of about 1-50nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle had high antibacterial properties. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles with ultraviolet waves had great catalytic properties for oxidant activation and could also be used to inhibit and destroy resistant bacterial strains
{"title":"Investigation of the Effectiveness of Tetracycline Antibiotic Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Photo-Fenton Process using Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is widely used around the world. Advanced oxidation processes are used for the degradation of resistant organic pollutants in aqueous solutions due to their high oxidation potential. This study aimed to estimate the performance of the ultraviolet rays/hydrogen peroxide/silver nanoparticles (UV/Ag/H2O2) in removing tetracycline antibiotics.\u0000Method: In this study, the degradation of tetracycline by the UV/Ag/H2O2 process was investigated under various conditions. The effects of different parameters, such as silver nanoparticles (1, 2, 4, and 6 mM), hydrogen peroxide concentration (10, 30, 50, 80, and 100 mM), pH (4, 7, and 10), and initial antibiotic concentration (15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) were investigated in the degradation of tetracycline. Finally, the antibacterial property of the synthesized nanoparticle was determined.\u0000Results: Under optimal conditions, within 90 min, the efficiency of tetracycline removal reached above 85% following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained optimum conditions were as follows: tetracycline concentration (15 mg/L), oxidant concentration (80 mM), silver catalyst concentration (4 mM), and pH equal to 4. The size and morphological properties of nanoparticles were assessed by TEM, which showed that particles had a spherical shape with a diameter of about 1-50nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle had high antibacterial properties.\u0000Conclusion: The results of this study showed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles with ultraviolet waves had great catalytic properties for oxidant activation and could also be used to inhibit and destroy resistant bacterial strains","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74237670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are new contaminants that have created a major environmental concern because of their cumulative nature, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute water resources. This study aimed to determine the performance of US/UV/SO40‒ processes in the removal of Amoxicillin (AMX). Method: The current experimental study used ultrasonic waves (US), ultraviolet rays (UV), and sulfate radicals (SO40‒). To detect the effect of variables, including contact time (0-120 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-50 mg/l), pH (3-9), persulfate concentration (1-7 mM), and the input power (550 W), the reactor has been sampled in different intervals, and the residue concentration was detected using a spectrophotometer in 294 nm length wave. Results: The results showed that the separate use of US and UV had no high operation with the best removal percentages of 33.3% and 13.29%, respectively. Simultaneous use of US/UV/SO40‒ showed a more high reduction in AMX concentration and the best removal percentage was 94.12% that took place in pH=6, the antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L, persulfate concentration of 5 mM, and contact time of 120 min. Conclusion: The result showed that the US/UV/SO40‒ process can be used as an operational process to remove the AMX from an aqueous environment.
{"title":"Evaluation of US/UV/SO40‒ Advanced Oxidation Process on the Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.1.70","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are new contaminants that have created a major environmental concern because of their cumulative nature, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute water resources. This study aimed to determine the performance of US/UV/SO40‒ processes in the removal of Amoxicillin (AMX).\u0000Method: The current experimental study used ultrasonic waves (US), ultraviolet rays (UV), and sulfate radicals (SO40‒). To detect the effect of variables, including contact time (0-120 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-50 mg/l), pH (3-9), persulfate concentration (1-7 mM), and the input power (550 W), the reactor has been sampled in different intervals, and the residue concentration was detected using a spectrophotometer in 294 nm length wave.\u0000Results: The results showed that the separate use of US and UV had no high operation with the best removal percentages of 33.3% and 13.29%, respectively. Simultaneous use of US/UV/SO40‒ showed a more high reduction in AMX concentration and the best removal percentage was 94.12% that took place in pH=6, the antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L, persulfate concentration of 5 mM, and contact time of 120 min.\u0000Conclusion: The result showed that the US/UV/SO40‒ process can be used as an operational process to remove the AMX from an aqueous environment.","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85279633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is a stimulant drug that causes memory and learning disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval training on APP gene expression in hippocampal tissue and open field test in methamphetamine-dependent rats. Method: In this experimental research, 32 rats were assigned to four equal groups of saline, primary methamphetamine (METH-1), methamphetamine+training (METH+MIT), and secondary methamphetamine (METH-2). The METH was injected at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The exercise program (5 sessions per week) included interval training (4 sets of 4 minutes with moderate intensity and 2 minutes of active rest between sets) on a treadmill. At the end of the injection and training period, the hippocampus tissue of the rats was extracted to evaluate gene expression changes. An open-field behavioral test was also conducted. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the significance level of P≥0.05. Results: Methamphetamine significantly increased APP gene expression in METH-1,2 groups compared to saline (respectively; P≥0.007 and P≥0.005). The total distance and movement speed of rats in METH-1 and 2 groups had a significant decrease compared to saline (respectively, P≥0.004 and P≥0.026). The MIT led to a significant reduction of APP compared to METH-1,2 groups (respectively, P≥0.041 and P≥0.028). Movement speed in the MIT group increased significantly compared to the METH-1 group (P≥0.008). Conclusion: Methamphetamine reduced cognitive performance (learning and memory), and according to the results, MIT probably improved cognitive performance. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary to reach definitive conclusions.
{"title":"Effect of Eight Weeks of Interval Training on Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Gene Expression in Hippocampal Tissue in Methamphetamine-dependent Rats (Crystal)","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/nkums.15.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/nkums.15.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is a stimulant drug that causes memory and learning disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval training on APP gene expression in hippocampal tissue and open field test in methamphetamine-dependent rats.\u0000Method: In this experimental research, 32 rats were assigned to four equal groups of saline, primary methamphetamine (METH-1), methamphetamine+training (METH+MIT), and secondary methamphetamine (METH-2). The METH was injected at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The exercise program (5 sessions per week) included interval training (4 sets of 4 minutes with moderate intensity and 2 minutes of active rest between sets) on a treadmill. At the end of the injection and training period, the hippocampus tissue of the rats was extracted to evaluate gene expression changes. An open-field behavioral test was also conducted. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the significance level of P≥0.05.\u0000Results: Methamphetamine significantly increased APP gene expression in METH-1,2 groups compared to saline (respectively; P≥0.007 and P≥0.005). The total distance and movement speed of rats in METH-1 and 2 groups had a significant decrease compared to saline (respectively, P≥0.004 and P≥0.026). The MIT led to a significant reduction of APP compared to METH-1,2 groups (respectively, P≥0.041 and P≥0.028). Movement speed in the MIT group increased significantly compared to the METH-1 group (P≥0.008).\u0000Conclusion: Methamphetamine reduced cognitive performance (learning and memory), and according to the results, MIT probably improved cognitive performance. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary to reach definitive conclusions.","PeriodicalId":16423,"journal":{"name":"journal of north khorasan university of medical sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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