Fanny A. Granat, Catherine Trumel, Jean-Pierre D. Braun, Nathalie H. Bourgès-Abella
Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.
{"title":"Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review","authors":"Fanny A. Granat, Catherine Trumel, Jean-Pierre D. Braun, Nathalie H. Bourgès-Abella","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12666","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"414-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna V. Z. Echenique, Anderson H. Gris, Laura J. Camargo, Cíntia De Lorenzo, Marianna Bertolini, Franscisca M. S. Barbosa, Moira Ansolch, Cláudio W. Canal, Welden Panziera, Saulo P. Pavarini, Luciana Sonne
Background
Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (HuAHV-1) are common anthropozoonosis reported in marmosets but rare in howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.).
Methods
Necropsy of two brown-howler monkeys (A. caraya) and one red-howler monkey (A. guariba clamitans) from different zoo collections were performed. Fragments of all organs were examined through microscopy. Samples were submitted to IHC for Simplexvirus humanalpha 2 (HuAHV-2) [sin. Herpesvirus simplex type 2] and PCR.
Results
Grossly, only the A. guariba showed liver lesions characterized by multifocal, pinpoint white areas corresponding microscopically as random necrotizing herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis. Both A. caraya showed necrotizing meningoencephalitis with Cowdry A-type body inclusions within neurons and astrocytes. Immunolabeling for HuAHV-1/2 was observed in the tongue, liver, and brain. HuAHV-1 was confirmed in all samples by PCR, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses.
Conclusion
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was appreciated in 2/3 of animals, and it is associated with neurologic signs. Along with ulcerative glossitis, a hallmark lesion in marmosets, it was present in one animal. Regarding herpetic hepatitis, it is not frequent in monkeys and occurs mainly in immunocompromised animals. HuAHV-1 infection was confirmed corroborating with a human source. This is the second report on captive black-howler monkeys and the first gross, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular description of herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis in red-howler monkeys (A. guariba).
{"title":"Fatal Simplexvirus humanalpha1 infection in howler-monkeys (Alouatta sp.) under human care: Clinical, molecular, and pathological findings","authors":"Joanna V. Z. Echenique, Anderson H. Gris, Laura J. Camargo, Cíntia De Lorenzo, Marianna Bertolini, Franscisca M. S. Barbosa, Moira Ansolch, Cláudio W. Canal, Welden Panziera, Saulo P. Pavarini, Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12670","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12670","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Simplexvirus humanalpha1</i> (HuAHV-1) are common anthropozoonosis reported in marmosets but rare in howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta</i> sp.).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Necropsy of two brown-howler monkeys (<i>A. caraya</i>) and one red-howler monkey (<i>A. guariba clamitans</i>) from different zoo collections were performed. Fragments of all organs were examined through microscopy. Samples were submitted to IHC for <i>Simplexvirus humanalpha 2</i> (HuAHV-2) [sin. Herpesvirus simplex type 2] and PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grossly, only the <i>A. guariba</i> showed liver lesions characterized by multifocal, pinpoint white areas corresponding microscopically as random necrotizing herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis. Both <i>A. caraya</i> showed necrotizing meningoencephalitis with Cowdry A-type body inclusions within neurons and astrocytes. Immunolabeling for HuAHV-1/2 was observed in the tongue, liver, and brain. HuAHV-1 was confirmed in all samples by PCR, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was appreciated in 2/3 of animals, and it is associated with neurologic signs. Along with ulcerative glossitis, a hallmark lesion in marmosets, it was present in one animal. Regarding herpetic hepatitis, it is not frequent in monkeys and occurs mainly in immunocompromised animals. HuAHV-1 infection was confirmed corroborating with a human source. This is the second report on captive black-howler monkeys and the first gross, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular description of herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis in red-howler monkeys (<i>A. guariba</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"392-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gyu-Seo Bae, Eun-Su Jeon, Hee Chang Son, Philyong Kang, Kyung Seob Lim, Eun-Ha Hwang, Green Kim, Seung Ho Baek, You Jung An, Gyu Young Shim, Young Min Woo, YuJin Kim, Taehwan Oh, Seok-Hwan Kim, JungJoo Hong, Bon-Sang Koo
Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases in nonhuman primates worldwide. However, the etiology of this syndrome has not been determined. Recently, sudden death occurred in a 7-year-old female cynomolgus monkey with a history of fecal microbiota transplantation using diarrheic stools. The monkey had undergone surgery previously. On necropsy, gastric dilatation and rupture demonstrated a tetrad arrangement on histopathologic examination. On 16S rRNA sequencing, a high population of Clostridium ventriculi was identified in the duodenum adjacent to stomach but not in the colon. This paper is the first report of Clostridium ventriculi infection in a cynomolgus macaque with acute gastric dilatation and rupture.
{"title":"Clostridium ventriculi in a cynomolgus monkey with acute gastric dilatation and rupture: A case report","authors":"Gyu-Seo Bae, Eun-Su Jeon, Hee Chang Son, Philyong Kang, Kyung Seob Lim, Eun-Ha Hwang, Green Kim, Seung Ho Baek, You Jung An, Gyu Young Shim, Young Min Woo, YuJin Kim, Taehwan Oh, Seok-Hwan Kim, JungJoo Hong, Bon-Sang Koo","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12668","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases in nonhuman primates worldwide. However, the etiology of this syndrome has not been determined. Recently, sudden death occurred in a 7-year-old female cynomolgus monkey with a history of fecal microbiota transplantation using diarrheic stools. The monkey had undergone surgery previously. On necropsy, gastric dilatation and rupture demonstrated a tetrad arrangement on histopathologic examination. On 16S rRNA sequencing, a high population of <i>Clostridium ventriculi</i> was identified in the duodenum adjacent to stomach but not in the colon. This paper is the first report of <i>Clostridium ventriculi</i> infection in a cynomolgus macaque with acute gastric dilatation and rupture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10359413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelson Broche Jr., Vanessa Gris, Naoko Suda-Hashimoto, Keiko Mouri, Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki, Juri Suzuki, Michael A. Huffman
Background
Previous studies suggest that housing relocation may be stressful for captive non-human primates. Our study investigated the stress levels of Japanese macaques during a housing relocation by measuring their daily fecal cortisol metabolites, which are often used as an indicator of stress.
Methods
Ten adult Japanese macaques, single-housed for research purposes, were relocated to a new facility. Fecal samples were collected daily for 7 days. Cortisol metabolite concentrations were determined via enzyme immunoassay.
Results
No significant differences in cortisol metabolite levels were found in 7 days, but concentration levels showed that the highest median was associated to the relocation day.
Conclusions
The minimal cortisol metabolite increase suggests that there was a slight activity increase in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Techniques encouraging cooperation of the monkeys, the short time duration of the relocation, and consistency in the environment may have contributed to the minimal stress levels observed.
{"title":"Housing relocation does not have to induce a significant stress response in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)","authors":"Nelson Broche Jr., Vanessa Gris, Naoko Suda-Hashimoto, Keiko Mouri, Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki, Juri Suzuki, Michael A. Huffman","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12667","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12667","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies suggest that housing relocation may be stressful for captive non-human primates. Our study investigated the stress levels of Japanese macaques during a housing relocation by measuring their daily fecal cortisol metabolites, which are often used as an indicator of stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten adult Japanese macaques, single-housed for research purposes, were relocated to a new facility. Fecal samples were collected daily for 7 days. Cortisol metabolite concentrations were determined via enzyme immunoassay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant differences in cortisol metabolite levels were found in 7 days, but concentration levels showed that the highest median was associated to the relocation day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The minimal cortisol metabolite increase suggests that there was a slight activity increase in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Techniques encouraging cooperation of the monkeys, the short time duration of the relocation, and consistency in the environment may have contributed to the minimal stress levels observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"347-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suryo Saputro, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Shalahudin Darusman, Wahyu Putriyani, Permanawati, Ellis Dwi Ayuningsih, Silvia Arin Prabandari, Dyah Setyawati, Joko Pamungkas
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in nonhuman primates has been widely reported and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Animal deaths occur routinely at the Primate Research Center of IPB University. The results of necropsy and culture suggested a K. pneumoniae infection.
Methods
A mass health assessment of Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 429) was carried out by physical examination and molecular targeting K. pneumoniae (n = 96), family of Coronaviridae (n = 148) and Paramyxoviridae (n = 148).
Results
A total of 49.18% of the animals had clinical symptoms of respiratory disorders, abscesses, trauma, and others. PCR results indicated that 28.57% were positive for K. pneumoniae with 35.71% mortality, while all samples were negative for both virus families.
Conclusions
There have been outbreaks caused by K. pneumoniae and/or K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. This disease is chronic, infects all of the buildings, and no tendency for disease transmission according to gender and age class.
{"title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in cynomolgus monkeys at primate research center facility in Indonesia","authors":"Suryo Saputro, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Shalahudin Darusman, Wahyu Putriyani, Permanawati, Ellis Dwi Ayuningsih, Silvia Arin Prabandari, Dyah Setyawati, Joko Pamungkas","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12665","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12665","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> infection in nonhuman primates has been widely reported and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Animal deaths occur routinely at the Primate Research Center of IPB University. The results of necropsy and culture suggested a <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mass health assessment of Cynomolgus monkeys (<i>n</i> = 429) was carried out by physical examination and molecular targeting <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 96), family of <i>Coronaviridae</i> (<i>n</i> = 148) and <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> (<i>n</i> = 148).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 49.18% of the animals had clinical symptoms of respiratory disorders, abscesses, trauma, and others. PCR results indicated that 28.57% were positive for <i>K. pneumoniae</i> with 35.71% mortality, while all samples were negative for both virus families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There have been outbreaks caused by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and/or <i>K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae</i>. This disease is chronic, infects all of the buildings, and no tendency for disease transmission according to gender and age class.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"361-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Junior Souza de Souza, Victor Lopes da Silva, Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
A free-ranging brown howler monkey (Atelidae: Alouatta guariba clamitans) was necropsied and a mediastinal T-cell lymphoma and esophageal dilation were diagnosed. The case report may contribute to the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and esophageal lesions in non-human primates and highlighted the importance of surveillance of cancer in wildlife.
{"title":"Mediastinal T-cell lymphoma in a free-ranging brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)","authors":"Alex Junior Souza de Souza, Victor Lopes da Silva, Lilian Rose Marques de Sá","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12663","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A free-ranging brown howler monkey (Atelidae: <i>Alouatta guariba clamitans</i>) was necropsied and a mediastinal T-cell lymphoma and esophageal dilation were diagnosed. The case report may contribute to the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and esophageal lesions in non-human primates and highlighted the importance of surveillance of cancer in wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Celdran-Bonafonte, Kathryn A. O'Connell, Katalin M. Gothard, Iman Ghaderi, David Besselsen, Cynthia J. Doane
Dolichocolon (redundant colon) is an underdiagnosed cause of severe constipation in humans. The clinical presentation reported here in a rhesus macaque closely resembles that of intestinal adenocarcinoma, the most common neoplasia in macaques. Dolichocolon should be considered in differential diagnosis of macaques with anorexia, weight loss, and constipation.
{"title":"Dolichocolon (redundant colon) in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)","authors":"Diego Celdran-Bonafonte, Kathryn A. O'Connell, Katalin M. Gothard, Iman Ghaderi, David Besselsen, Cynthia J. Doane","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12664","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dolichocolon (redundant colon) is an underdiagnosed cause of severe constipation in humans. The clinical presentation reported here in a rhesus macaque closely resembles that of intestinal adenocarcinoma, the most common neoplasia in macaques. Dolichocolon should be considered in differential diagnosis of macaques with anorexia, weight loss, and constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9854166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diastolic dysfunction in humans is an age-related process with an overrepresentation in women. In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), the incidence and predictors of diastolic dysfunction have yet to be reported.
Methods
Data from routine echocardiographic evaluations on clinically healthy rhesus macaques was obtained and used for univariate, bivariate, hypothesis testing, and linear regression statistical analyses interrogating differences and predictors of diastolic function.
Results
Rhesus macaques fully recapitulate previously reported human hemodynamic studies. Female monkeys display impaired diastology and are at an increased risk for developing diastolic dysfunction. Age, sex, and proxies of exercise activity are confirmed predictors for measures of diastolic dysfunction, regardless of specific pathogen-free status.
Conclusions
Rhesus macaques share common sex- and age-related echocardiographic findings as humans, therefore, serve as a valuable translational nonhuman primate model for future studies of diastolic dysfunction. These findings confirm the importance of sex- and age-matching within future rhesus macaque cardiovascular research.
{"title":"Sex-specific differences and predictors of echocardiographic measures of diastolic dysfunction in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","authors":"Victor N. Rivas, Yu Ueda, Joshua A. Stern","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12662","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12662","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diastolic dysfunction in humans is an age-related process with an overrepresentation in women. In rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), the incidence and predictors of diastolic dysfunction have yet to be reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from routine echocardiographic evaluations on clinically healthy rhesus macaques was obtained and used for univariate, bivariate, hypothesis testing, and linear regression statistical analyses interrogating differences and predictors of diastolic function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhesus macaques fully recapitulate previously reported human hemodynamic studies. Female monkeys display impaired diastology and are at an increased risk for developing diastolic dysfunction. Age, sex, and proxies of exercise activity are confirmed predictors for measures of diastolic dysfunction, regardless of specific pathogen-free status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhesus macaques share common sex- and age-related echocardiographic findings as humans, therefore, serve as a valuable translational nonhuman primate model for future studies of diastolic dysfunction. These findings confirm the importance of sex- and age-matching within future rhesus macaque cardiovascular research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"374-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9839294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilton Klein, Barry L. Levinson, Steven L. Leary, Glenn Dobson
Background
A novel buprenorphine (BUP) extended-release formulation (BUP-XR) produced as a lipid-encapsulated, low viscosity BUP suspension for subcutaneous (SC) injection to control pain was evaluated for pharmacokinetics and safety in four adult male cynomolgus monkeys.
Methods
Each animal was given 0.2 mg/kg reformulated BUP-XR SC. Clinical observations were made during the course of the study. Blood samples were obtained from each animal before BUP-XR administration, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-BUP-XR injection. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The PK values calculated included peak plasma concentration of the BUP analyte, time to peak plasma concentration, plasma half-life, area under the plasma concentration–time curve, clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and elimination rate constant (Cmax, Tmax, T½, AUC0-t, CL, Vd, and Ke, respectively).
Results
Observable adverse clinical signs were not detected. BUP concentration peaked from 6 to 48 h, then declined in a linear fashion. Quantifiable plasma BUP was measured in all monkeys at all time points. Results indicate that a single BUP-XR dose at 0.2 mg/kg can reliably provide plasma levels of BUP reported in the literature to be therapeutically relevant for up to 96 h.
Conclusions
Because of the lack of any clinical observations or adverse effects at the injection site or absence of observable abnormal behaviors, it may be concluded that the use of BUP-XR is safe and efficacious in this species of non-human primate at the dose regimen described in this study for up to 96 h post-administration.
{"title":"A pharmacokinetic study of extended-release buprenorphine in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis)","authors":"Hilton Klein, Barry L. Levinson, Steven L. Leary, Glenn Dobson","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12661","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12661","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel buprenorphine (BUP) extended-release formulation (BUP-XR) produced as a lipid-encapsulated, low viscosity BUP suspension for subcutaneous (SC) injection to control pain was evaluated for pharmacokinetics and safety in four adult male cynomolgus monkeys.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Each animal was given 0.2 mg/kg reformulated BUP-XR SC. Clinical observations were made during the course of the study. Blood samples were obtained from each animal before BUP-XR administration, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-BUP-XR injection. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The PK values calculated included peak plasma concentration of the BUP analyte, time to peak plasma concentration, plasma half-life, area under the plasma concentration–time curve, clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and elimination rate constant (C<sub>max</sub>, T<sub>max</sub>, T<sub>½</sub>, AUC<sub>0-t</sub>, CL, Vd, and Ke, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observable adverse clinical signs were not detected. BUP concentration peaked from 6 to 48 h, then declined in a linear fashion. Quantifiable plasma BUP was measured in all monkeys at all time points. Results indicate that a single BUP-XR dose at 0.2 mg/kg can reliably provide plasma levels of BUP reported in the literature to be therapeutically relevant for up to 96 h.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Because of the lack of any clinical observations or adverse effects at the injection site or absence of observable abnormal behaviors, it may be concluded that the use of BUP-XR is safe and efficacious in this species of non-human primate at the dose regimen described in this study for up to 96 h post-administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"52 6","pages":"369-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10126299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafaela Magalhães Barros, Isabel Luana de Macêdo, Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa, Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano, Giane Regina Paludo, Márcio Botelho de Castro
After fatal traumatic injuries, three urbanized free-ranging marmosets developed a milky white or pink-white thoracic alkaline effusion with high specific gravity, triglyceride levels, and predominance of small lymphocytes. Chylothorax is an uncommon thoracic fluid accumulation in animals and humans and has not been reported in free-ranging non-human primates.
{"title":"Traumatic chylothorax in urbanized free-ranging black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata)","authors":"Rafaela Magalhães Barros, Isabel Luana de Macêdo, Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa, Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano, Giane Regina Paludo, Márcio Botelho de Castro","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After fatal traumatic injuries, three urbanized free-ranging marmosets developed a milky white or pink-white thoracic alkaline effusion with high specific gravity, triglyceride levels, and predominance of small lymphocytes. Chylothorax is an uncommon thoracic fluid accumulation in animals and humans and has not been reported in free-ranging non-human primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9795147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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