Journal of medicinal food最新文献

Although the bactericidal activity of other Salvia spp. has been documented, research on Salvia hispanica seeds is sparse. This study examined the effects of S. hispanica seed extracts against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reference strains and clinical isolates. Antibacterial effect was assessed using the minimal inhibitory concentration. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated using S. aureus ATCC 43300 and SAU-UIMY-31 strains, and antihemolytic effects were evaluated using S. aureus ATCC 29213 and SAU-UIMY-31. Biological effects and phytochemical profiles were analyzed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and chemometric tools. The nonpolar extract demonstrated antibiofilm activity with IC₅₀ values of 93.9 ± 5.4 µg/mL and 146.2 ± 2.4 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 43300 and SAU-UIMY-31, respectively. The median polar extract showed an IC₅₀ of 168.1 ± 13.9 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 43,300 and >250 µg/mL against SAU-UIMY-31. Antihemolysis IC₅₀ values for both extracts were 48.5 ± 3.3 and 52.9 ± 3.1 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and 58.0 ± 1.4 and 87.9 ± 2.4 µg/mL against SAU-UIMY-31, respectively. Chemometric analyses suggested that fatty acid methyl esters are potential contributors to biological activity. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the use of S. hispanica seeds in antibacterial therapies.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and glabridin (GLA) are two phytochemicals derived from homologous plants used for medicine and food that have demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting excessive production of melanin and promoting skin whitening properties. However, it is unknown whether EGCG and GLA can synergistically inhibit melanogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the combination of EGCG and GLA on the expression and activity of microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF) and to reveal the mechanism of the synergistic treatment with EGCG and GLA on excessive melanin deposition. This study used B16F10 cells to screen for the synergistic effect on melanin deposition and determined the best ratio of EGCG and GLA. Dual-luciferase reported gene assays were used to explore whether GLA and EGCG could regulate the mRNA level of MITF. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to explain the synergistic interaction of EGCG and GLA with MITF, and then Masson-Fontana and hematoxylin-eosin were used to observe the skin changes of mice. The results showed that the combination of EGCG and GLA could synergistically regulate MITF and thus inhibit melanogenesis by modulating microRNA expression. EGCG and GLA were also able to synergistically interact with MITF to inhibit excessive melanogenesis. [Figure: see text].

Photoprotective effects of various nutritional components and supplements have been demonstrated in animal and in vitro studies. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the photoprotective effects of various dietary supplements. A systematic review of studies assessing dietary supplements on photoprotective outcomes was performed. Human studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane in February 2023. Supplement keywords included "dietary supplements," "vitamins," "minerals," "carotenoids," "lutein," "isoflavones," "polyphenols," "Polypodium leucotomos," "heliocare," "herbal medicine," "probiotics," "prebiotics," "astaxanthin," "rosmarinic acid," "botanical," and "herb," and outcome keywords included "photoprotection," "ultraviolet rays," UVA," "UVB," and "blue light." A total of 47 studies were included in the systematic review. Studied supplements included carotenoids, polyphenols, Polypodium leucotomos (PL), melon concentrate, vitamins, coenzyme Q, squalene, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Some studies evaluated mixed supplementation and incorporated other active ingredients such as selenium and probiotics. The greatest evidence of photoprotection exists for polyphenols, carotenoid-based, and PL supplementation. While flavanol supplementation exhibited dose-dependency, dose-dependency could not be consistently demonstrated for polyphenol supplementation. The weakest evidence exists for photoprotective effects of isolated vitamin or coenzyme Q supplementation. Dietary supplements may promote enhanced photoprotection, although current evidence is limited by small sample size and short duration. Supplementation with photoprotective active ingredients may be especially favorable for individuals with predisposed ultraviolet sensitivity, such as those with polymorphic light eruption. Future research is necessary to determine optimal dosing and supplementation duration for intended photoprotective outcomes.

Edible mushrooms (Tirmania nivea: Desert truffle specie) are a nutrient-dense source of flavonoids, proteins, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. The current study aimed to evaluate the curative effect of an aqueous extract of T. nivea ascocarps against aspirin-induced gastric, liver, and kidney injuries in rats. Hepatogastric disorders induced by aspirin at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) treatment in rats and treated with aqueous extract of T. nivea at different doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW). T. nivea aqueous extract liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed several actives biomolecules such as quinic acid, syringic acid, O-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and vitamin C. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity revealed significant antioxidant activity (EC₅₀% = 0.6 mg/mL). Aspirin administration caused severe injuries with linear hemorrhagic lesions. The treatment with T. nivea extract ameliorates gastric mucosal structure. The aspirin treatment caused significant increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. In curative objective, T. nivea extract significantly corrected the disturbance of liver parameters. Rats given aspirin showed altered liver architecture, apoptosis, and inflammation; in contrast, sections of liver tissue in the rats treated with T. nivea extract at 25 mg/(kg·day) after aspirin administration showed normal liver architecture. A normal architecture was restored once the treatment dose was increased to 50 mg/kg. After 14 days of treatment with 100 mg/(kg·day) of T. nivea extract, aspirin disruptions completely collapse with development of steatosis. On contrary, one week of rat's treatment by aspirin succeed by 2 weeks without any treatment, the histological examination of the kidney showed a dilated capillary and altered Bellini tubes. Normal renal architecture was observed at a dosage of 25 mg/(kg·day) of T. nivea. Extract from T. nivea restored the renal disturbances caused by aspirin.

Doxorubicin (Dox) impairs myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) expression and induces myotoxicity, and previous studies showed that creatine (Cr) supplementation before Dox treatment prevents forelimb grip (FG) force reduction and alleviates fatigue. However, Cr supplementation's effects on MRFs with Dox treatment are not well known. The effects of Cr on skeletal muscle function and MRFs 1, 3, and 5 days following Dox treatment are investigated. Male rats were randomly assigned to the control saline group (Con+Sal), control doxorubicin group (Con+Dox), standard Cr diet (2% Cr for 4 weeks) doxorubicin group (Cr1+Dox), or Cr loading diet (4% Cr for 1 week followed by 2% Cr 3 weeks) doxorubicin group (Cr2+Dox). After 4 weeks of feeding, Dox groups received 15 mg/kg Dox and Sal received saline as a placebo. At 1, 3, and 5 days postinjection, FG force and ex vivo muscle function of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were measured. Myf-6, Myf-5, MyoD, and myogenin expression was analyzed using Western blotting. At 5 days postinjection, Con+Dox, Cr1+Dox, and Cr2+Dox groups had significantly lower FG force than Con+Sal (P < .05). EDL maximal twitch force of Con+Dox, Cr1+Dox, and Cr2+Dox groups was significantly lower than Con+Sal (P < .05) at 3 and 5 days postinjection. At 1 and 5 days postinjection, Cr alleviated Dox-induced fatigue in EDL muscle. At 1-day postinjection, Cr1+Dox, and Cr2+Dox had significantly higher Myf-6 and myogenin expression than the Con+Sal group, and Cr2+Dox group had significantly higher Myf-5 and MyoD compared with the Con+Sal group (P < .05). Cr supplementation attenuated fatigue and enhanced early muscle repair and regeneration in Dox-induced myotoxicity.

Erythronium sibiricum (E. sibiricum), which is an indigenous herb in China, is gathered and consumed by nomads in Xinjiang due to its medicinal value. Only a few studies have evaluated its possible pharmacological activity. This study aims to examine and compare the ways in which two E. sibiricum bulb polysaccharide fractions (ESBP and E1P) alleviate airway remodeling based on apoptosis and autophagy. In a mouse model of chronic asthma produced by ovalbumin, the anti-asthmatic effects of E1P and ESBP were investigated. The expression levels of the proteins linked to autophagy and apoptosis (cleaved-caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3B, Bad, and Bax) as well as the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were assessed. Airway remodeling was alleviated by E1P and ESBP. While E1P could only prevent the increase in PI3K, ESBP was capable of inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, ESBP decreased the levels of cleaved-caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3B, Bad, and Bax protein expressions. By modifying signaling pathways linked to autophagy and apoptosis, E. sibiricum bulb polysaccharides successfully improved the airway remodeling of asthma. Additionally, ESBP exhibited more potent inhibitory effects on asthmatic defective autophagy than E1P.

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a combined turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and allspice (Pimenta dioica L. Merril) supplement (TAS), on obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance through inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid absorption. In vitro assessments demonstrated that TAS inhibits key enzymes implicated in the carbohydrate and lipid absorption. Oral starch and lipid tolerance tests showed that combined supplement reduced lipid (∼47% TAS) and carbohydrate absorption (∼33%) compared to the negative control. In a 36-week diet-induced obesity model, intervention with TAS was found that reduced body weight gain (∼18%), lower triglycerides (∼35%), and fasting glucose levels (∼14%) compared to obese control. Furthermore, TAS-treated rats showed reduced oral glucose tolerance test values (∼25%), insulin levels (∼14%), and insulin resistance (∼14%). Our results suggest that TAS enhances carbohydrate and lipid absorption while effectively improving hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in obese rats. [Figure: see text].

Systemic therapies for the treatment of cancer collaborate to reduce cancer progression and have been used for decades. However, despite the clinical benefits, its long-term use is associated with toxicity, promoting important side effects that can compromise the quality of life. Enzyme supplementation has been pointed out as a therapeutic potential in several diseases. Bromelain is an enzyme complex that regulates pathways associated with inflammation. This review aims to evaluate the use of bromelain-containing supplements to improve the side effects of cancer treatment. This systematic review was developed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, using the terms: Cancer AND Bromelain. 239 studies were retrieved, and only three met our objective. In general, it was possible to observe that supplementation was able to reduce side effects of adjuvant hormone therapy and chemotherapy, such as mucosal dryness, arthralgia, and peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy.

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of different concentrations of black tea (BT) extracts and their underlying mechanisms in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. Results indicated that BT extracts significantly mitigated weight loss, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and modulated cytokine levels related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM mice. Moreover, BT extracts ameliorated liver and pancreas damage resulting from high-sugar/high-fat diets and insulin resistance. Among the tested concentrations, low-concentration BT (BT-L) extract exhibited the most potent hypoglycemic ability. Furthermore, BT-L restored pancreatic function in hyperglycemic mice via activating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-protein kinase A-pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1-glucokinase cascade pathway. In terms of intestinal homeostasis, all BT-treated groups adjusted the gut microbiota structure by regulating the distribution and diversity of gut microbiota in T2DM mice. Among them, BT-L intervention specifically and significantly increased the levels of probiotic Bifidobacterium in the intestine of T2DM mice. Furthermore, BT-L intervention effectively promoted the synthesis of streptomycin by gut microbiota, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effect. Comprehensively, the hypoglycemic effect of BT cannot show an absolute concentration-dependent relationship. Our findings highlight the potential of BT as an effective blood glucose regulator and provide valuable insights for BT-based functional food development.

Inflammation is a crucial response to harmful stimuli, but its chronic activation contributes to various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, and neurological disorders. While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used as anti-inflammation drugs, their extended usage often results in severe side effects, emphasizing the need for safer alternatives. Therefore, it is of the greatest importance to identify and discover new anti-inflammatory agents that exhibit a reduced incidence of adverse side effects. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extracts from eight native Vietnamese plant species. These extracts were screened for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Among the tested extracts, those derived from Huberantha luensis (Pierre) Chaowasku and Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merr. demonstrated notable reductions in NO, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. Further analysis revealed that these extracts are abundant in polyphenols and flavonoids, compounds recognized for their anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, these extracts exerted their effects by inhibiting the kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of the proteins. These results suggest that the methanol extracts obtained from H. luensis and A. tectorius possess considerable potential in paving the way towards the innovative development of new therapeutic approaches aimed at alleviating chronic inflammation.