Linlin Mu, Mahsa Ghorbani, Philippe C. Baveye, Christophe J. G. Darnault
This study investigates the colloid systems and interfaces stability of cerium oxide nanoparticles in aqueous environments as a function of pH, monovalent cations (Na+) and divalent cations (Ca2+), and humic substances (humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)). Results show that the solution chemistry affected the colloidal stability and aggregation kinetics of CeO2 NPs. The pH point of zero charge (pHPZC) of CeO2 NPs was measured at pH 10.2 with diameter of CeO2 NPs aggregates of ∼1,700 nm. The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ and HA and FA on the magnitudes and rates of aggregation were pH-dependent. In addition, when salts were present in the aqueous systems, although the CeO2 NPs were stable at pH < pHPZC (expect for 1 mM of NaCl/CaCl2) and pH > pHPZC (except for 0.5 mM CaCl2), the aggregation was enhanced at pH = pHPZC, with the diameter of CeO2 NPs in the ∼1,300–3,600 nm range. HA also stabilized CeO2 NPs under pH > pHPZC with an enhanced aggregation of pH = pHPZC with the diameter of CeO2 NPs in the ∼1,500–1,900 nm range, and in the presence of 0 and 1 mM of NaCl/CaCl2 at pH < pHPZC. At three pH levels (8.2, 10.2, and 12.2) and under all different electrolyte concentrations (0–1 mM of NaCl or CaCl2), FA (0.14 mg/L) exhibited a greater degree of efficiency in stabilizing CeO2 NPs than HA (5 mg/L), with CeO2 NPs aggregates growing at low rates and resulting in diameter of ∼95–115 nm.
{"title":"Colloid Systems and Interfaces Stability of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Environments: Effects of pH, Ionic Composition, and Suwanee River Humic and Fulvic Acids","authors":"Linlin Mu, Mahsa Ghorbani, Philippe C. Baveye, Christophe J. G. Darnault","doi":"10.1155/2024/2970861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2970861","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the colloid systems and interfaces stability of cerium oxide nanoparticles in aqueous environments as a function of pH, monovalent cations (Na<sup>+</sup>) and divalent cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and humic substances (humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)). Results show that the solution chemistry affected the colloidal stability and aggregation kinetics of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The pH point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>) of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs was measured at pH 10.2 with diameter of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs aggregates of ∼1,700 nm. The effects of Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> and HA and FA on the magnitudes and rates of aggregation were pH-dependent. In addition, when salts were present in the aqueous systems, although the CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs were stable at pH < pH<sub>PZC</sub> (expect for 1 mM of NaCl/CaCl<sub>2</sub>) and pH > pH<sub>PZC</sub> (except for 0.5 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>), the aggregation was enhanced at pH = pH<sub>PZC</sub>, with the diameter of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs in the ∼1,300–3,600 nm range. HA also stabilized CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs under pH > pH<sub>PZC</sub> with an enhanced aggregation of pH = pH<sub>PZC</sub> with the diameter of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs in the ∼1,500–1,900 nm range, and in the presence of 0 and 1 mM of NaCl/CaCl<sub>2</sub> at pH < pH<sub>PZC</sub>. At three pH levels (8.2, 10.2, and 12.2) and under all different electrolyte concentrations (0–1 mM of NaCl or CaCl<sub>2</sub>), FA (0.14 mg/L) exhibited a greater degree of efficiency in stabilizing CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs than HA (5 mg/L), with CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs aggregates growing at low rates and resulting in diameter of ∼95–115 nm.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Khalid A. Babiker, Mohammad Nadeem, Salim Khan, Mohamed Tarroum, Abdalrhaman M. Salih
In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising potential to enhance sustainable agriculture. Besides their use as antifungal and antimicrobial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widespread nanomaterials and are found in a capacious range of agrocommercial products. This study was designed to investigate the responses of morphophysiological characteristics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Spherical shapes with 8–20 nm size AgNPs at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L) were applied to barley plants in a hydroponic system. Following 7 days of sowing, the growth performance, chlorophyll contents, oxidative damage, and the activity level of antioxidant enzymes were quantified in different parts of the plant. The results indicated a remarkable boost in the growth performance and chlorophyll contents of barley plants up to a concentration of 150 mg/L. Interestingly, the levels of proline, lipid peroxidation, enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), (APX), and (GR) activities were enhanced significantly in response to all AgNPs treatments. In general, the application of AgNPs substantially improved the growth and related morphophysiological attributes in barley. Our results provide new insights with respect to the effects of AgNPs on barley growth and their potential applications in increasing the performance of other crop species.
{"title":"Evaluating Impacts of Biosynthetic Silver Nanoparticles on Morphophysiological Responses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Khalid A. Babiker, Mohammad Nadeem, Salim Khan, Mohamed Tarroum, Abdalrhaman M. Salih","doi":"10.1155/2024/7524774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7524774","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising potential to enhance sustainable agriculture. Besides their use as antifungal and antimicrobial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widespread nanomaterials and are found in a capacious range of agrocommercial products. This study was designed to investigate the responses of morphophysiological characteristics in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) to biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Spherical shapes with 8–20 nm size AgNPs at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L) were applied to barley plants in a hydroponic system. Following 7 days of sowing, the growth performance, chlorophyll contents, oxidative damage, and the activity level of antioxidant enzymes were quantified in different parts of the plant. The results indicated a remarkable boost in the growth performance and chlorophyll contents of barley plants up to a concentration of 150 mg/L. Interestingly, the levels of proline, lipid peroxidation, enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), (APX), and (GR) activities were enhanced significantly in response to all AgNPs treatments. In general, the application of AgNPs substantially improved the growth and related morphophysiological attributes in barley. Our results provide new insights with respect to the effects of AgNPs on barley growth and their potential applications in increasing the performance of other crop species.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method using ferric chloride (FeCl3) and heptahydrate ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) salts employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a precipitant. To determine the size, shape, and chemical makeup of the produced magnetite nanoparticles, the generated powders were examined by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. It was found that the magnetite powder had made a face-centered cubic crystal structure and spherical-like particle form with particle diameters of about 30 nm. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained superparamagnetic properties of the produced nanoparticles, with saturation magnetization and coercivity of 50.75 emu/g and 30.09 Oe, respectively, allow them for applications in drug delivery, MRI contrast agent, catalysis, degradation of antibiotics, antibacterial activity, removal of heavy metals and organic dyes, etc.
以氢氧化钠（NaOH）为沉淀剂，采用氯化铁（FeCl3）和七水硫酸亚铁（FeSO4-7H2O）盐的化学共沉淀法制备了磁铁矿纳米颗粒（Fe3O4）。为了确定生成的磁铁矿纳米颗粒的大小、形状和化学组成，利用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和 X 射线衍射仪对生成的粉末进行了检测。结果发现，磁铁矿粉末具有面心立方晶体结构和球状颗粒形态，颗粒直径约为 30 纳米。使用振动样品磁力计对磁铁矿纳米颗粒的磁性能进行了评估。所制备的纳米粒子具有超顺磁性能，其饱和磁化率和矫顽力分别为 50.75 emu/g 和 30.09 Oe，可应用于药物输送、核磁共振成像造影剂、催化、抗生素降解、抗菌、去除重金属和有机染料等领域。
{"title":"Crystallographic, Morphological, Magnetic, and Thermal Characterization of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) Synthesized by Chemical Coprecipitation Method and Calcined at 250°C for 4 hr","authors":"Md. Abdus Sabur, Md. Abdul Gafur","doi":"10.1155/2024/9577778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9577778","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method using ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) and heptahydrate ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O) salts employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a precipitant. To determine the size, shape, and chemical makeup of the produced magnetite nanoparticles, the generated powders were examined by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. It was found that the magnetite powder had made a face-centered cubic crystal structure and spherical-like particle form with particle diameters of about 30 nm. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained superparamagnetic properties of the produced nanoparticles, with saturation magnetization and coercivity of 50.75 emu/g and 30.09 Oe, respectively, allow them for applications in drug delivery, MRI contrast agent, catalysis, degradation of antibiotics, antibacterial activity, removal of heavy metals and organic dyes, etc.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic wounds, which include venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers, are a global health issue that affects between 1% and 2% of the developed world’s population. Chronic wound healing necessitates extensive medical intervention at costly healthcare expenses. Wound care management is mainly dependent on the discovery of new and appropriate chronic wound dressing materials, and it remains a focus of research in chronic wound care. Biocompatible metallic nanoparticle-loaded wound dressing offers a novel opportunity for effectively overcoming the inherent drawbacks of traditional wound dressing materials, particularly in overcoming nonhealing chronic wounds due to their clinical complexity, for example, wound infections, chronic irritation, and trauma, persistence of foreign body or bacterial proteins, and ischemia. In this review, we will primarily focus on the advancements in nanoparticle-based antibacterial and antioxidant wound dressing materials (e.g., hydrogels, electrospun scaffolds, sponges, and films) for the treatment of chronic wounds, which overcome the limitations of traditional dressings.
{"title":"Recent Applications and Evaluation of Metal Nanoparticle–Polymer Hybrids as Chronic Wound Dressings","authors":"Mohammad Tahir Aminzai, Abubaker Patan","doi":"10.1155/2024/3280349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3280349","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic wounds, which include venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers, are a global health issue that affects between 1% and 2% of the developed world’s population. Chronic wound healing necessitates extensive medical intervention at costly healthcare expenses. Wound care management is mainly dependent on the discovery of new and appropriate chronic wound dressing materials, and it remains a focus of research in chronic wound care. Biocompatible metallic nanoparticle-loaded wound dressing offers a novel opportunity for effectively overcoming the inherent drawbacks of traditional wound dressing materials, particularly in overcoming nonhealing chronic wounds due to their clinical complexity, for example, wound infections, chronic irritation, and trauma, persistence of foreign body or bacterial proteins, and ischemia. In this review, we will primarily focus on the advancements in nanoparticle-based antibacterial and antioxidant wound dressing materials (e.g., hydrogels, electrospun scaffolds, sponges, and films) for the treatment of chronic wounds, which overcome the limitations of traditional dressings.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bao Ngoc Tran, Hiep Tuan Tran, Giang Thi Le, Ha Phuong Tran, Khanh Ngoc Le, Huy Hoang Do, Anh Hoang Dao, Chien Ngoc Nguyen
The pharmaceutical industry has highlighted particle-size reduction via preparing aqueous suspensions containing nano- or submicron drug particles. Owing to the risk of agglomeration and complications during the manufacturing of solid dosage forms, the problems associated with the solidification of nanosuspensions need to be addressed. Herein, the nanocrystallized suspension of fenofibrate (Feno) was prepared using the wet-milling technique, and then two solidification methods, mixing (liquid mixing) and granulation (dry powder blending and wet massing) methods, were investigated. The solidification process involved the adsorption of Feno as a very thin layer on the high-surface-area Florite® to prevent drug accumulation. The critical quality attributes, particle size and dissolution rate, were performed. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were also used to monitor the existence and physical state of drug molecules in the carrier. The final solidified powders and tablets containing Feno nanocrystals improved the dissolution profile (>90% in 15 min), in which the physical properties of Feno were maintained during solidification and tableting. In general, the granulation method is more advantageous than the mixing method in terms of maintaining amorphous proportion and dissolution rate. These results implied a potential approach for manufacturing solid dosage forms from nanoscale products.
{"title":"Solidifying Fenofibrate Nanocrystal Suspension: A Scalable Approach via Granulation Method","authors":"Bao Ngoc Tran, Hiep Tuan Tran, Giang Thi Le, Ha Phuong Tran, Khanh Ngoc Le, Huy Hoang Do, Anh Hoang Dao, Chien Ngoc Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2023/1672030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1672030","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmaceutical industry has highlighted particle-size reduction via preparing aqueous suspensions containing nano- or submicron drug particles. Owing to the risk of agglomeration and complications during the manufacturing of solid dosage forms, the problems associated with the solidification of nanosuspensions need to be addressed. Herein, the nanocrystallized suspension of fenofibrate (Feno) was prepared using the wet-milling technique, and then two solidification methods, mixing (liquid mixing) and granulation (dry powder blending and wet massing) methods, were investigated. The solidification process involved the adsorption of Feno as a very thin layer on the high-surface-area Florite® to prevent drug accumulation. The critical quality attributes, particle size and dissolution rate, were performed. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were also used to monitor the existence and physical state of drug molecules in the carrier. The final solidified powders and tablets containing Feno nanocrystals improved the dissolution profile (>90% in 15 min), in which the physical properties of Feno were maintained during solidification and tableting. In general, the granulation method is more advantageous than the mixing method in terms of maintaining amorphous proportion and dissolution rate. These results implied a potential approach for manufacturing solid dosage forms from nanoscale products.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaber Hemmati, Zahra Chegini, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
Staphylococcus aureus, a prominent bacterial pathogen, presents formidable medical challenges owing to its rapid development of resistance. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains has become a pressing concern for healthcare systems, driving researchers to explore novel therapeutic strategies for managing infections associated with this pathogen. In this pursuit, niosomal-based platforms have emerged as promising candidates to effectively target S. aureus and fight conventional antimicrobial resistance. Niosomes comprise a bilayer membrane formed by nonionic surfactants, which can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. These nanoparticles are known as vesicular delivery systems and have many advantages, such as low cost, less toxicity, and more flexibility and stability. Moreover, niosomes, being an effective drug delivery system, can directly interact with the bacterial cell envelope, thereby enhancing the pharmacokinetic activities of drugs at infected sites. A niosome-based delivery system can effectively treat S. aureus infections by destroying the biofilm community, increasing intracellular targeting, and enhancing the antibacterial activity. The main mechanisms of action of niosomes against resistant S. aureus strains involve the ability to resist enzymatic degradation, controlled release profile, and targeted drug delivery, which can provide an effective dosage of antimicrobial agents at the site of actions. In addition, niosomes have the potential to transfer wide-spectrum materials from different classes of antibiotics to nonantibiotic antimicrobial agents, such as natural compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and metallic nanoparticles. The combination of polymeric materials in the structure of a niosomal formulation could improve their bioavailability, loading capacity, and therapeutic efficacy for different applications. Furthermore, niosomes could find application in photodynamic therapy, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments for eradicating drug-resistant S. aureus isolates. Finally, niosomal nanocarriers can be developed for delivering the drugs to desired sites by different routes of administration and could be considered a powerful strategy for overcoming the therapeutic obstacles caused by MDR S. aureus.
{"title":"Niosomal-Based Drug Delivery Platforms: A Promising Therapeutic Approach to Fight Staphylococcus aureus Drug Resistance","authors":"Jaber Hemmati, Zahra Chegini, Mohammad Reza Arabestani","doi":"10.1155/2023/5298565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5298565","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a prominent bacterial pathogen, presents formidable medical challenges owing to its rapid development of resistance. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) <i>S. aureus</i> strains has become a pressing concern for healthcare systems, driving researchers to explore novel therapeutic strategies for managing infections associated with this pathogen. In this pursuit, niosomal-based platforms have emerged as promising candidates to effectively target <i>S. aureus</i> and fight conventional antimicrobial resistance. Niosomes comprise a bilayer membrane formed by nonionic surfactants, which can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. These nanoparticles are known as vesicular delivery systems and have many advantages, such as low cost, less toxicity, and more flexibility and stability. Moreover, niosomes, being an effective drug delivery system, can directly interact with the bacterial cell envelope, thereby enhancing the pharmacokinetic activities of drugs at infected sites. A niosome-based delivery system can effectively treat <i>S. aureus</i> infections by destroying the biofilm community, increasing intracellular targeting, and enhancing the antibacterial activity. The main mechanisms of action of niosomes against resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains involve the ability to resist enzymatic degradation, controlled release profile, and targeted drug delivery, which can provide an effective dosage of antimicrobial agents at the site of actions. In addition, niosomes have the potential to transfer wide-spectrum materials from different classes of antibiotics to nonantibiotic antimicrobial agents, such as natural compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and metallic nanoparticles. The combination of polymeric materials in the structure of a niosomal formulation could improve their bioavailability, loading capacity, and therapeutic efficacy for different applications. Furthermore, niosomes could find application in photodynamic therapy, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments for eradicating drug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. Finally, niosomal nanocarriers can be developed for delivering the drugs to desired sites by different routes of administration and could be considered a powerful strategy for overcoming the therapeutic obstacles caused by MDR <i>S. aureus</i>.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arslan Shaukat, Umair Rasool, Farhan Saeed, Yasir Abbas Shah, Muhammad Afzaal, Mahbubur Rahman Khan
The probable synergistic effect of chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and locally secured Moringa oliefera was assessed on diabetic rats’ model along with a potential effect on the male reproductive system and rat male serological markers. The plant M. oliefera was procured from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad step solvothermal method was utilized to synthesize the zinc oxide nanoparticles. The zeta sizer, UV–vis, and spectroscopic analysis of ZnO nanoparticles were undertaken. A total of 50 healthy male albino Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 10 g were used in the experimental research study having were divided into six stops designated as negative control, positive control (PC), standard control (Std. C), ZnO nanoparticle group (ZnO), M. oliefera Group (MO), and a group of combinations thereof (ZnONP + MO). The mean body weight was observed to be significantly normalized in group ZnONP + MO, i.e., 230 ± 6 g in contrast to PC, i.e., 162 ± 4 g; . The ZnONP + MO combination had a normoglycemic effect, i.e., 154.4 ± 4.5 mg/dl as in opposition to the PC, i.e., 315.7 ± 3 mg/dl. The serum level of rat testosterone in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 0.958 ± 0.08 ng/ml in opposition to PC, which revealed it at 0.442 ± 0.02 ng/ml. The follicle-stimulating hormone level in the ZnONP + MO group was recorded at 10.04 ± 0.04 mlU/ml significantly varied from the PC, whose level was noted at 5.08 ± 0.09 mlU/ml. The level of LH in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 6.89 ± 0.08 mIU/ml, significantly different from PC at 3.78 ± 0.08 mIU/ml. Histopathological changes in the rat testes treated with alloxan alone revealed the distortion in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules (H&E stain). However, the histopathology of testes isolated from rats treated with the zinc oxide nanoparticle and M. oliefera combination showed almost normal spermatogenic activity, the lumen of seminiferous tubules contained sperms, normal spermatids, and outer epithelium layer of seminiferous tubules was intact.
{"title":"Physicochemical Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle and Moringa oleifera Supplementation on the Male Reproductive System of a Diabetic Rat Model","authors":"Arslan Shaukat, Umair Rasool, Farhan Saeed, Yasir Abbas Shah, Muhammad Afzaal, Mahbubur Rahman Khan","doi":"10.1155/2023/8201449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8201449","url":null,"abstract":"The probable synergistic effect of chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and locally secured <i>Moringa oliefera</i> was assessed on diabetic rats’ model along with a potential effect on the male reproductive system and rat male serological markers. The plant <i>M. oliefera</i> was procured from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad step solvothermal method was utilized to synthesize the zinc oxide nanoparticles. The zeta sizer, UV–vis, and spectroscopic analysis of ZnO nanoparticles were undertaken. A total of 50 healthy male albino Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 10 g were used in the experimental research study having were divided into six stops designated as negative control, positive control (PC), standard control (Std. C), ZnO nanoparticle group (ZnO), <i>M. oliefera</i> Group (MO), and a group of combinations thereof (ZnONP + MO). The mean body weight was observed to be significantly normalized in group ZnONP + MO, i.e., 230 ± 6 g in contrast to PC, i.e., 162 ± 4 g; <span><svg height=\"9.75571pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-1.11981pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 9.75571\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"9.75571pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-1.11981pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 9.75571\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"></path></g></svg>.</span></span> The ZnONP + MO combination had a normoglycemic effect, i.e., 154.4 ± 4.5 mg/dl as in opposition to the PC, i.e., 315.7 ± 3 mg/dl. The serum level of rat testosterone in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 0.958 ± 0.08 ng/ml in opposition to PC, which revealed it at 0.442 ± 0.02 ng/ml. The follicle-stimulating hormone level in the ZnONP + MO group was recorded at 10.04 ± 0.04 mlU/ml significantly varied from the PC, whose level was noted at 5.08 ± 0.09 mlU/ml. The level of LH in the ZnONP + MO group was observed at 6.89 ± 0.08 mIU/ml, significantly different from PC at 3.78 ± 0.08 mIU/ml. Histopathological changes in the rat testes treated with alloxan alone revealed the distortion in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules (H&E stain). However, the histopathology of testes isolated from rats treated with the zinc oxide nanoparticle and <i>M. oliefera</i> combination showed almost normal spermatogenic activity, the lumen of seminiferous tubules contained sperms, normal spermatids, and outer epithelium layer of seminiferous tubules was intact.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-consistent drift–diffusion model has been widely employed to simulate the device performance of intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) under practical device configuration. However, one of the remained issues in the drift–diffusion modeled-based works is the difficulty to reach the IB carrier continuity through the self-consistent manner. In most of the previous reports the constraints were relaxed or just partially satisfied; which render the unreliable performance results and misguide the device design strategy. In this work, in order to solve this issue and to validate our results, we performed extensive simulations to fully disclose the significant effect of the IB continuity constraints by taking InAs/GaAs quantum dot-based IBSC as a model device using the semiconductor modules in COMSOL Multiphysics combined with the Fortran codes. We found that under rigorous satisfaction of IB continuity constraint, the band potential profiles for the IBSC with either doped or nondoped IB under various light illumination conditions are nearly identical to those under the dark conditions. Moreover, from the simulated current–voltage curve dependence on the light concentration ratio, we found the device performance based on drift–diffusion under rigorous IB continuity constraint showed similar tendency to the features simulated based on detailed balance principle except the much-lowered power conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrated here, serves as an accurate and reliable IBSC device design approach toward better IB material screening, efficiency improvement, optical management, and extended application in the emerging field such as the perovskite material-based IBSC.
{"title":"Drift–Diffusion Simulation of Intermediate Band Solar Cell: Effect of Intermediate Band Continuity Constraint","authors":"Kodai Shiba, Yoshitaka Okada, Tomah Sogabe","doi":"10.1155/2023/5578627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5578627","url":null,"abstract":"Self-consistent drift–diffusion model has been widely employed to simulate the device performance of intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) under practical device configuration. However, one of the remained issues in the drift–diffusion modeled-based works is the difficulty to reach the IB carrier continuity through the self-consistent manner. In most of the previous reports the constraints were relaxed or just partially satisfied; which render the unreliable performance results and misguide the device design strategy. In this work, in order to solve this issue and to validate our results, we performed extensive simulations to fully disclose the significant effect of the IB continuity constraints by taking InAs/GaAs quantum dot-based IBSC as a model device using the semiconductor modules in COMSOL Multiphysics combined with the Fortran codes. We found that under rigorous satisfaction of IB continuity constraint, the band potential profiles for the IBSC with either doped or nondoped IB under various light illumination conditions are nearly identical to those under the dark conditions. Moreover, from the simulated current–voltage curve dependence on the light concentration ratio, we found the device performance based on drift–diffusion under rigorous IB continuity constraint showed similar tendency to the features simulated based on detailed balance principle except the much-lowered power conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrated here, serves as an accurate and reliable IBSC device design approach toward better IB material screening, efficiency improvement, optical management, and extended application in the emerging field such as the perovskite material-based IBSC.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viruses are dangerous pathogenic biological agents as they are highly infectious, very small in size, and have no real cure. Thus, early detection is the crucial step in defense against such threats. The optical biosensor is one of the appropriate approaches to the detection of viruses. An optical biosensor is a compact analytical device that contains a biorecognition sensing element integrated with an optical transducer system. This review is aimed at reporting the basic concept of optical biosensors with the recent biomedical applications of its varied forms briefly. Also, this paper focuses on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on optical biosensors and their few forms. Further, we discuss the varied forms of AuNPs-based biosensors in detecting various viruses in recent decades. This study has presented some recent achievements of AuNPs-based optical biosensors in virus detection in the last decade. Also, we have discussed some challenges being faced by the optical sensors and also their future prospects.
{"title":"Optical Detection of the Viruses by Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)","authors":"Bindu Gurung, Amit Lama, Tamlal Pokhrel, Bishnu Bahadur Sinjali, Sushma Thapa, Manisha Bhusal, Achyut Adhikari","doi":"10.1155/2023/8091118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8091118","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are dangerous pathogenic biological agents as they are highly infectious, very small in size, and have no real cure. Thus, early detection is the crucial step in defense against such threats. The optical biosensor is one of the appropriate approaches to the detection of viruses. An optical biosensor is a compact analytical device that contains a biorecognition sensing element integrated with an optical transducer system. This review is aimed at reporting the basic concept of optical biosensors with the recent biomedical applications of its varied forms briefly. Also, this paper focuses on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on optical biosensors and their few forms. Further, we discuss the varied forms of AuNPs-based biosensors in detecting various viruses in recent decades. This study has presented some recent achievements of AuNPs-based optical biosensors in virus detection in the last decade. Also, we have discussed some challenges being faced by the optical sensors and also their future prospects.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"12 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles have revolutionized the landscape of energy storage and conservation technologies, exhibiting remarkable potential in enhancing the performance and efficiency of various energy systems. This review explores the versatile applications of nanoparticles in three key domains: battery technologies, supercapacitors, and solar energy conversion. In the realm of battery technologies, nanostructured particles have emerged as crucial catalysts and electrode materials, significantly elevating the energy density, cycling stability, and charge/discharge rates of batteries. By manipulating the surface chemistry and structure of nanoparticles, researchers have achieved breakthroughs in overcoming traditional limitations, paving the way for next-generation high-capacity and long-lasting batteries. The integration of tiny particles in supercapacitors has led to remarkable advancements in energy storage and rapid energy delivery. Nanoparticle-based electrodes have exhibited exceptional surface area, porosity, and conductivity, contributing to enhanced energy and power densities. The synergy of nanomaterials with novel electrolytes has also extended the operational lifespan of supercapacitors, addressing concerns regarding energy loss over cycles. Furthermore, nanoparticles have played a pivotal role in the field of solar energy conversion. In photovoltaics, nanoparticles with tailored optoelectronic properties have enabled improved light absorption, charge separation, and electron transport, ultimately boosting the efficiency of solar cells. Moreover, nanoparticles have been employed as catalysts in photocatalytic systems for solar fuel generation, driving the sustainable production of clean energy carriers. In this concise review, we highlight the recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects of nanoparticles in these critical energy domains. While the transformative impact of nanoparticles is evident, several challenges such as large-scale synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability must be systematically addressed to ensure their seamless integration into practical energy applications. As researchers continue to explore novel synthesis techniques and innovative nanoarchitectures, nanoparticles are poised to reshape the energy landscape, accelerating the transition toward a more sustainable and efficient energy future.
{"title":"A Concise Review of Nanoparticles Utilized Energy Storage and Conservation","authors":"Md. Zobair Al Mahmud","doi":"10.1155/2023/5432099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5432099","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have revolutionized the landscape of energy storage and conservation technologies, exhibiting remarkable potential in enhancing the performance and efficiency of various energy systems. This review explores the versatile applications of nanoparticles in three key domains: battery technologies, supercapacitors, and solar energy conversion. In the realm of battery technologies, nanostructured particles have emerged as crucial catalysts and electrode materials, significantly elevating the energy density, cycling stability, and charge/discharge rates of batteries. By manipulating the surface chemistry and structure of nanoparticles, researchers have achieved breakthroughs in overcoming traditional limitations, paving the way for next-generation high-capacity and long-lasting batteries. The integration of tiny particles in supercapacitors has led to remarkable advancements in energy storage and rapid energy delivery. Nanoparticle-based electrodes have exhibited exceptional surface area, porosity, and conductivity, contributing to enhanced energy and power densities. The synergy of nanomaterials with novel electrolytes has also extended the operational lifespan of supercapacitors, addressing concerns regarding energy loss over cycles. Furthermore, nanoparticles have played a pivotal role in the field of solar energy conversion. In photovoltaics, nanoparticles with tailored optoelectronic properties have enabled improved light absorption, charge separation, and electron transport, ultimately boosting the efficiency of solar cells. Moreover, nanoparticles have been employed as catalysts in photocatalytic systems for solar fuel generation, driving the sustainable production of clean energy carriers. In this concise review, we highlight the recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects of nanoparticles in these critical energy domains. While the transformative impact of nanoparticles is evident, several challenges such as large-scale synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability must be systematically addressed to ensure their seamless integration into practical energy applications. As researchers continue to explore novel synthesis techniques and innovative nanoarchitectures, nanoparticles are poised to reshape the energy landscape, accelerating the transition toward a more sustainable and efficient energy future.","PeriodicalId":16442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","volume":"38 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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