Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.E201
J. George
The Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, Longdom publication, is an international prominent journal which published articles globally in the prime field of microbiology, Biochemical and its applied fields and return it to the forefront of conceptual developments in the discipline. It is an open access and peer reviewed journal by eminent Editorial Board and the manuscripts are peer-reviewed by potential reviewers according to their research interest. For the last 12 years, published papers has being under the strong and able leadership of our Editor-in-Chief’s Dr. Juan Bueno, Dr. Lu Cai, Dr. Gamil S G Zeedan and Dr. Jagruti Gandhi. Especially, we are thankful to Editor-in-Chief Dr. Lu Cai, who also is a Professor, Director of Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, USA, for his continuous support and dedication towards the journal will not lost. We the publication office of Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology including me, all are very honoured and grateful for his selfless devotion towards the journal. We provide a rapid turn-around time possible for peer-reviewing and publishing the articles online and to disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching and reference purposes.
《微生物与生物化学技术杂志》(Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology)是一份国际知名期刊，在全球范围内发表微生物学、生物化学及其应用领域的文章，并将其带回该学科概念发展的前沿。它是一份开放获取和同行评审的期刊，由著名的编辑委员会和潜在的审稿人根据他们的研究兴趣对手稿进行同行评审。在过去的12年里，我们的总编辑Juan Bueno博士、Lu Cai博士、Gamil S G Zeedan博士和Jagruti Gandhi博士在我们强有力的领导下发表了论文。特别感谢总编辑、美国路易斯维尔大学儿科研究所主任、教授陆彩博士，感谢他对本刊的持续支持和奉献。我们《微生物与生化技术》杂志社，包括我在内，都非常荣幸和感谢他对杂志的无私奉献。我们为同行评审和在线发表文章提供快速的周转时间，并为研究，教学和参考目的免费传播文章。
{"title":"Editorial Note-Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology","authors":"J. George","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.E201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.E201","url":null,"abstract":"The Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, Longdom publication, is an international prominent journal which published articles globally in the prime field of microbiology, Biochemical and its applied fields and return it to the forefront of conceptual developments in the discipline. It is an open access and peer reviewed journal by eminent Editorial Board and the manuscripts are peer-reviewed by potential reviewers according to their research interest. For the last 12 years, published papers has being under the strong and able leadership of our Editor-in-Chief’s Dr. Juan Bueno, Dr. Lu Cai, Dr. Gamil S G Zeedan and Dr. Jagruti Gandhi. Especially, we are thankful to Editor-in-Chief Dr. Lu Cai, who also is a Professor, Director of Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, USA, for his continuous support and dedication towards the journal will not lost. We the publication office of Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology including me, all are very honoured and grateful for his selfless devotion towards the journal. We provide a rapid turn-around time possible for peer-reviewing and publishing the articles online and to disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching and reference purposes.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76226615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.427
R. Abbas, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, F. S. Elsharbasy, Kother Osman Ashiry
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) used in this study to identified Polyphenol constituents of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by different methods (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform), it contain gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Catechin, Coffeic acid, Rutin, Pyro catechol, Coumaric acid, Vanillin, Ferulic acid1, Naringenin, Propyl Gallate, 4`,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone, and Cinnamic Acid at conc. (µg/15 mg) in all extracts. Ellagic acid gave the highest concentration when extracted by ethyl acetate Caffeine gave the lowest concentration. in all different extract, The effect of moringa (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) leaf extracts against four different pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus, were examined using Mueller Hinton Agar and measuring inhibition zone (diameter mm), were found that, there were a significant different of all moringa leaf extracts against bacteria. The study was conducted to determine the polyphenol constituents of Moringa oleifera aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform leaf extract. The effect of Moringa oleifera (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) leaf extracts against four different pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Reduce the Risk of Oxidation and Pathogenic Bacteria Activity by Moringa oleifera Different Leaf Extract Grown in Sudan","authors":"R. Abbas, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, F. S. Elsharbasy, Kother Osman Ashiry","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.427","url":null,"abstract":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) used in this study to identified Polyphenol constituents of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by different methods (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform), it contain gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Catechin, Coffeic acid, Rutin, Pyro catechol, Coumaric acid, Vanillin, Ferulic acid1, Naringenin, Propyl Gallate, 4`,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone, and Cinnamic Acid at conc. (µg/15 mg) in all extracts. Ellagic acid gave the highest concentration when extracted by ethyl acetate Caffeine gave the lowest concentration. in all different extract, The effect of moringa (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) leaf extracts against four different pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus, were examined using Mueller Hinton Agar and measuring inhibition zone (diameter mm), were found that, there were a significant different of all moringa leaf extracts against bacteria. The study was conducted to determine the polyphenol constituents of Moringa oleifera aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform leaf extract. The effect of Moringa oleifera (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) leaf extracts against four different pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78870600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.435
Avinash R. Nichat, S. Shaffi, V. Kakaria
Living organisms require trace amounts of some heavy metals including copper, lead, magnesium, vanadium, zinc etc. Human activities have influenced bio- chemical & geological cycles. Metal ions become toxic in nature when they are beyond tolerance limit. In aquatic ecosystem, fishes & microbes have close, intimate & un separated contact from the embryonic to adult stage. Bioremediation is therefore an eco-friendly and efficient method of reclaiming environments contaminated with heavy metals by making use of the inherent biological mechanisms of microorganisms and plants to eradicate hazardous contaminants. Microbes play a key role in controlling the speciation & cycling of metals in water. Bio-availability, toxicity & reactivity of metals is greatly influenced to have a better understanding of the major factors that link microbial activity to the bio-geo-chemistry of metals. Microorganism & other natural products [plants & animals & there by- products] capable of cycling metals for bioremediation of contaminated site without any side effect on environment. This investigation discusses the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution and the mechanisms used by microbes for environmental remediation. It also emphasized the importance of modern techniques and approaches in improving the ability of microbial enzymes to effectively degrade heavy metals at a faster rate, highlighting recent advances in microbial bioremediation for the removal of heavy metals from the environment.
{"title":"Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Aquatic Ecosystem","authors":"Avinash R. Nichat, S. Shaffi, V. Kakaria","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.435","url":null,"abstract":"Living organisms require trace amounts of some heavy metals including copper, lead, magnesium, vanadium, zinc etc. Human activities have influenced bio- chemical & geological cycles. Metal ions become toxic in nature when they are beyond tolerance limit. In aquatic ecosystem, fishes & microbes have close, intimate & un separated contact from the embryonic to adult stage. Bioremediation is therefore an eco-friendly and efficient method of reclaiming environments contaminated with heavy metals by making use of the inherent biological mechanisms of microorganisms and plants to eradicate hazardous contaminants. Microbes play a key role in controlling the speciation & cycling of metals in water. Bio-availability, toxicity & reactivity of metals is greatly influenced to have a better understanding of the major factors that link microbial activity to the bio-geo-chemistry of metals. Microorganism & other natural products [plants & animals & there by- products] capable of cycling metals for bioremediation of contaminated site without any side effect on environment. This investigation discusses the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution and the mechanisms used by microbes for environmental remediation. It also emphasized the importance of modern techniques and approaches in improving the ability of microbial enzymes to effectively degrade heavy metals at a faster rate, highlighting recent advances in microbial bioremediation for the removal of heavy metals from the environment.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89093444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.431
A. Adem, Ararsa Duguma
Brucella is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that causes zoonotic brucellosis in humans and various animals. These pathogens are affecting domestic animals (cattle, goat, sheep, pig, dogs and camel), human and wild animals. Humans are accidental hosts of brucellosis acquiring the infection commonly from contact with infected animals, aborted materials and consumption raw milk. Brucella do not produce classical virulence factors, and their capacity to successfully replicate within a variety of host cells, to persist for prolonged periods within host cells and to evade the host immune response at the same time underlies their pathogenicity. The virulence factors of Brucella are involved in intracellular survival and replication within mononuclear phagocytic cells, preferentially macrophages in the host and hampers the intracellular trafficking and ability to prevent recognition by the host defense system. All these comprehensions of Brucella can inhabit inside the phagocytes of infected host to promote their survival, persistence and multiplication.
{"title":"Characteristics and Intracellular Life of Brucella Organism: A Review","authors":"A. Adem, Ararsa Duguma","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.431","url":null,"abstract":"Brucella is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that causes zoonotic brucellosis in humans and various animals. These pathogens are affecting domestic animals (cattle, goat, sheep, pig, dogs and camel), human and wild animals. Humans are accidental hosts of brucellosis acquiring the infection commonly from contact with infected animals, aborted materials and consumption raw milk. Brucella do not produce classical virulence factors, and their capacity to successfully replicate within a variety of host cells, to persist for prolonged periods within host cells and to evade the host immune response at the same time underlies their pathogenicity. The virulence factors of Brucella are involved in intracellular survival and replication within mononuclear phagocytic cells, preferentially macrophages in the host and hampers the intracellular trafficking and ability to prevent recognition by the host defense system. All these comprehensions of Brucella can inhabit inside the phagocytes of infected host to promote their survival, persistence and multiplication.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.426
M. El-Gendy, N. H. Alzahrani
Glucoamylase production has been evaluated under solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial residues including groundnut shell, corncob, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, barely straw and rice straw as renewable cheap substrates by different 14 endophytic fungal species. Among them the endophytic fungi Penicillium javanicum obtained from the root of Solanum tuberosum L. showed the maximum yield of glucoamylase using groundnut shell as solid substrate (289.23 ± 0.80 U/gds). Under the optimized production parameters in solid state fermentation process (250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 20 grams groundnut shell supplemented with 30% soya waste as an inexpensive, eco-friendly way of enzyme production sieved to 1mm, moistened to 55% initial moisture content with potato process wastewater, pH 5.0, inoculum intense 2 × 108 spore and incubated at 30°C for 5 days fermentation period), a fourfold increase (4.19-fold) in glucoamylase production was occurred. In our study there was a strong relation between the enzyme secretion and the trophophase. The purified enzyme exhibited specific activity 81.60 and 237. 24 U/mg with enzyme recovery equal to 51.11 and 22.14% and purification fold 2.2 and 6.39-fold after the precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 and gel fractionation on sephadex G-100, respectively with maximum activity at 40-50°C and pH 5 and it was stable and retained 100% of its activity at temperature up to 60°C along with pH 5–7. The enzyme was not metallo enzyme due to EDTA and EGTA at 50 mM had no effect on glucoamylase activity but it was considered as a serine protease due to it lost 68 and 92% of its activity the serine protease inhibitor paramethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at 10 and 50 mM, respectively.
{"title":"Solid-State Fermentation of Agroindustrial Residues for Glucoamylase Production from Endophytic Fungi Penicillium javanicum of Solanum tuberosum L.","authors":"M. El-Gendy, N. H. Alzahrani","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.426","url":null,"abstract":"Glucoamylase production has been evaluated under solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial residues including groundnut shell, corncob, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, barely straw and rice straw as renewable cheap substrates by different 14 endophytic fungal species. Among them the endophytic fungi Penicillium javanicum obtained from the root of Solanum tuberosum L. showed the maximum yield of glucoamylase using groundnut shell as solid substrate (289.23 ± 0.80 U/gds). Under the optimized production parameters in solid state fermentation process (250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 20 grams groundnut shell supplemented with 30% soya waste as an inexpensive, eco-friendly way of enzyme production sieved to 1mm, moistened to 55% initial moisture content with potato process wastewater, pH 5.0, inoculum intense 2 × 108 spore and incubated at 30°C for 5 days fermentation period), a fourfold increase (4.19-fold) in glucoamylase production was occurred. In our study there was a strong relation between the enzyme secretion and the trophophase. The purified enzyme exhibited specific activity 81.60 and 237. 24 U/mg with enzyme recovery equal to 51.11 and 22.14% and purification fold 2.2 and 6.39-fold after the precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 and gel fractionation on sephadex G-100, respectively with maximum activity at 40-50°C and pH 5 and it was stable and retained 100% of its activity at temperature up to 60°C along with pH 5–7. The enzyme was not metallo enzyme due to EDTA and EGTA at 50 mM had no effect on glucoamylase activity but it was considered as a serine protease due to it lost 68 and 92% of its activity the serine protease inhibitor paramethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at 10 and 50 mM, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"358 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.434
H. Mehreen, S. Saeed, U. Gerlevik, Aamira Tariq, U. Sezerman, Zobia Noreen, Xunli Zhang, Sammer-Ul Hassan, H. Bokhari
Metalloids and heavy metal contamination in the environment have become a global problem. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop effective and inexpensive approaches that can facilitate efficient monitoring of the hazardous level of these environmental pollutants. Microbial cell-based and fluorescent protein-based biosensors offer relatively convenient and inexpensive tools for the analysis of environmental pollutants as opposed to traditional instrumental approaches. Small size fluorescent proteins can withstand exposure to denaturants, high temperature and a wide pH range. These characteristics, along with their potential of sensing different toxic analytes, makes them a suitable candidate for developing on-site detection biosensors. The current study exploits the biosensing potential of a novel fluorescent protein called HriCFP. HriCFP was expressed in the prokaryotic system (gram-negative E. coli), which showed stable and discreet expression in bacterial cells. Whole-cell biosensors (WCB) were developed by immobilization of HriCFP expressing non-pathogenic E. coli via nitrocellulose membrane, low melting agarose and sodium silicate gel. These immobilized biosensors were tested for their sensitivity of detection for environmental pollutants, i.e., heavy metals (Cu(II), Hg(II), As(III)). These WCBs exhibited profound fluorescent quenching when exposed to a range of heavy metals. These biosensors remained active for 12 days at 4°C, demonstrating their potential for long-term stability and storage. This study implies that HriCFP may have a significant advantage over other larger and multimeric proteins as it has a minimal impact on host strain metabolism and hence, increasing its sustainability for a longer period.
{"title":"Expression and Applications of HriCFP in E. coli: A Novel Biosensing Fluorescent Protein","authors":"H. Mehreen, S. Saeed, U. Gerlevik, Aamira Tariq, U. Sezerman, Zobia Noreen, Xunli Zhang, Sammer-Ul Hassan, H. Bokhari","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.434","url":null,"abstract":"Metalloids and heavy metal contamination in the environment have become a global problem. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop effective and inexpensive approaches that can facilitate efficient monitoring of the hazardous level of these environmental pollutants. Microbial cell-based and fluorescent protein-based biosensors offer relatively convenient and inexpensive tools for the analysis of environmental pollutants as opposed to traditional instrumental approaches. Small size fluorescent proteins can withstand exposure to denaturants, high temperature and a wide pH range. These characteristics, along with their potential of sensing different toxic analytes, makes them a suitable candidate for developing on-site detection biosensors. The current study exploits the biosensing potential of a novel fluorescent protein called HriCFP. HriCFP was expressed in the prokaryotic system (gram-negative E. coli), which showed stable and discreet expression in bacterial cells. Whole-cell biosensors (WCB) were developed by immobilization of HriCFP expressing non-pathogenic E. coli via nitrocellulose membrane, low melting agarose and sodium silicate gel. These immobilized biosensors were tested for their sensitivity of detection for environmental pollutants, i.e., heavy metals (Cu(II), Hg(II), As(III)). These WCBs exhibited profound fluorescent quenching when exposed to a range of heavy metals. These biosensors remained active for 12 days at 4°C, demonstrating their potential for long-term stability and storage. This study implies that HriCFP may have a significant advantage over other larger and multimeric proteins as it has a minimal impact on host strain metabolism and hence, increasing its sustainability for a longer period.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75575515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.428
A. Hosny, H. M. A. Shady, A. Essawy
In response to the huge number of people who die yearly due tuberculosis and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis, accurate and rapid detection of this resistance can improve the situation. Relapsed patients in the current work represented significant percentages among rifampicin and isoniazid resistant isolates compared to other risk factors. Two molecular techniques (Genotype MTBDRplus assay and specific gene sequencing were used to detect associated mutations in TB drug resistant isolates. The genotypic profile of Multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates showed missing of katG wild type 1 (WT1) band. Eighty percent of isoniazid mono-resistant isolates, showed katG MUT1, 20% showed katG MUT1 and inhA MUT1, 20% showed only inhA MUT1. The molecular techniques partly predicted the level of antibiotic resistance associated with katG and/or inhA gene mutations (for isoniazid) and rpoB gene mutation (for rifampicin). MTBDRplus could clearly detect rifampicin resistance among 66.7% of MDR isolates that showed mutation band rpoB MUT3 while 33.3% of them were considered as unknown, while 100% of mono-isoniazid resistant strains were detected. A mono-resistant rifampicin isolate did not show rifampicin mutation bands by Genotype MTBDRplus assay, but it showed unexpected mutation in codon 531 of rpoB by DNA sequence analysis, it can be considered as heteroresistant strain. Gene sequencing could detect resistance associated mutations mainly in codon 315 (katG gene), position -15 (inhA gene) for isoniazid resistance and codon 531 (rpoB gene) for rifampicin resistance.
{"title":"rpoB, katG and inhA Genes: The Mutations Associated with Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid in Egyptian Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates","authors":"A. Hosny, H. M. A. Shady, A. Essawy","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.428","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the huge number of people who die yearly due tuberculosis and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis, accurate and rapid detection of this resistance can improve the situation. Relapsed patients in the current work represented significant percentages among rifampicin and isoniazid resistant isolates compared to other risk factors. Two molecular techniques (Genotype MTBDRplus assay and specific gene sequencing were used to detect associated mutations in TB drug resistant isolates. The genotypic profile of Multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates showed missing of katG wild type 1 (WT1) band. Eighty percent of isoniazid mono-resistant isolates, showed katG MUT1, 20% showed katG MUT1 and inhA MUT1, 20% showed only inhA MUT1. The molecular techniques partly predicted the level of antibiotic resistance associated with katG and/or inhA gene mutations (for isoniazid) and rpoB gene mutation (for rifampicin). MTBDRplus could clearly detect rifampicin resistance among 66.7% of MDR isolates that showed mutation band rpoB MUT3 while 33.3% of them were considered as unknown, while 100% of mono-isoniazid resistant strains were detected. A mono-resistant rifampicin isolate did not show rifampicin mutation bands by Genotype MTBDRplus assay, but it showed unexpected mutation in codon 531 of rpoB by DNA sequence analysis, it can be considered as heteroresistant strain. Gene sequencing could detect resistance associated mutations mainly in codon 315 (katG gene), position -15 (inhA gene) for isoniazid resistance and codon 531 (rpoB gene) for rifampicin resistance.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72669152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.429
Ezera Agwu
Background: Accurate diagnosis remain key to effective intervention of endemic and pandemic diseases even up to the developed world. Despite availability of many high-quality diagnostic tests for immunosuppression in the developed countries, they are neither available, affordable nor accessible in rural communities of Africa. Clinical diagnostic surrogate biomarkers may be suitable alternative. Objective: To evaluate oral clinical manifestations as biomarkers of immunosuppression in apparently healthy population of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients in resource poor Masaka, Mbarara and Rukungiri districts, of South Western Uganda. Methods: Visual oral inspection of 304 apparently health and HIV seropositive patients attending the AIDS Support Organization clinics in study districts of Uganda was done to detect and establish oral biomarkers associated with immunosuppression in HIV disease. Standard methods were used to reconfirm the HIV sero-positivity status and clinical staging of oral manifestations of consenting clients. Result: Figures 1-22 shows representative 304 oral manifestations of research participants. Figures 1-5 depicts 140 (46.1%) pseudomembranous candidiasis. Figures (6-9) depicts representative photographs of 53 (17.4%) erythemathous candidiasis (Figures 7 & 8) and also 63 (20.7%) shows erythemathous candidiasis found co-infecting with pseudomembranouse candidiasis in (Figures 9 & 10). Figure 10 shows linear gingival erythemathouse banding. Figures 11-15 shows Karposi sarcoma developmental stages and Figure 16-18 shows 7 (2.3%) Angular cheilitis. Figure 19 shows 3 (1.0%) aphthous ulceration of anterior portion of the tongue. Figure 20 shows 1 (0.3%) Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) while Figures 21 & 22 shows 10 (3.3%) intra-oral pigmentation. Conclusion: Visual oral inspection of apparently healthy HIV seropositive individuals revealed different oral manifestations that may serve as diagnostic oral biomarkers of immunosuppression in apparently healthy but HIV infected population in Uganda. Poor resources drive the need for available and affordable diagnostic tools for improved and effective intervention.
{"title":"Diagnostic oral biomarkers of immunosuppression in apparently healthy seropositive HIV population, in South Western Uganda","authors":"Ezera Agwu","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.429","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accurate diagnosis remain key to effective intervention of endemic and pandemic diseases even up to the developed world. Despite availability of many high-quality diagnostic tests for immunosuppression in the developed countries, they are neither available, affordable nor accessible in rural communities of Africa. Clinical diagnostic surrogate biomarkers may be suitable alternative. Objective: To evaluate oral clinical manifestations as biomarkers of immunosuppression in apparently healthy population of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients in resource poor Masaka, Mbarara and Rukungiri districts, of South Western Uganda. Methods: Visual oral inspection of 304 apparently health and HIV seropositive patients attending the AIDS Support Organization clinics in study districts of Uganda was done to detect and establish oral biomarkers associated with immunosuppression in HIV disease. Standard methods were used to reconfirm the HIV sero-positivity status and clinical staging of oral manifestations of consenting clients. Result: Figures 1-22 shows representative 304 oral manifestations of research participants. Figures 1-5 depicts 140 (46.1%) pseudomembranous candidiasis. Figures (6-9) depicts representative photographs of 53 (17.4%) erythemathous candidiasis (Figures 7 & 8) and also 63 (20.7%) shows erythemathous candidiasis found co-infecting with pseudomembranouse candidiasis in (Figures 9 & 10). Figure 10 shows linear gingival erythemathouse banding. Figures 11-15 shows Karposi sarcoma developmental stages and Figure 16-18 shows 7 (2.3%) Angular cheilitis. Figure 19 shows 3 (1.0%) aphthous ulceration of anterior portion of the tongue. Figure 20 shows 1 (0.3%) Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) while Figures 21 & 22 shows 10 (3.3%) intra-oral pigmentation. Conclusion: Visual oral inspection of apparently healthy HIV seropositive individuals revealed different oral manifestations that may serve as diagnostic oral biomarkers of immunosuppression in apparently healthy but HIV infected population in Uganda. Poor resources drive the need for available and affordable diagnostic tools for improved and effective intervention.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72677874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of SARS-COV2 from Wuhan at the end of December 2019 has spread to 200 countries is the leading cause of deaths. Belonging to be β-COV with single-strand RNA attacks the human respiratory system. The COVID-19 symptoms appear after incubation. The appearance of symptoms varies depending on the age and status of the immune system. Globally, current trials are on vaccines and focused on plasma therapy with the survivor’s plasma.
{"title":"A Review on Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak","authors":"Yeshwanth Sankranthi, Ittedi Rajashekhar, Ittedi Rani","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.449","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of SARS-COV2 from Wuhan at the end of December 2019 has spread to 200 countries is the leading cause of deaths. Belonging to be β-COV with single-strand RNA attacks the human respiratory system. The COVID-19 symptoms appear after incubation. The appearance of symptoms varies depending on the age and status of the immune system. Globally, current trials are on vaccines and focused on plasma therapy with the survivor’s plasma.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73694024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.439
J. George
Very recently severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been detected in the neural and capillary endothelial cells of the frontal lobe in postmortem tissue of a patient. Besides, the association of neurological symptoms such as confusion, impaired consciousness, headache, meningitis, acute stroke, encephalitis, hemorrhage, seizure and early symptoms of Guillian-Barre like symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 patients has raised great concern about the potential impact of the neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2. However, the exact pathomechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely understood. Lack of study on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection of the central nervous system (CNS) makes it difficult to evaluate how SARS-CoV-2 invades the nervous system and causes neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the neurological manifestations of COVID 19, the pathomechanism, and possible route of invasion of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS. We also emphasize the importance of better understandings of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 to develop better therapeutic approaches to treat COVID 19 related neurological complications.
{"title":"Quality in Review Processing in Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology","authors":"J. George","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.439","url":null,"abstract":"Very recently severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been detected in the neural and capillary endothelial cells of the frontal lobe in postmortem tissue of a patient. Besides, the association of neurological symptoms such as confusion, impaired consciousness, headache, meningitis, acute stroke, encephalitis, hemorrhage, seizure and early symptoms of Guillian-Barre like symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 patients has raised great concern about the potential impact of the neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2. However, the exact pathomechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely understood. Lack of study on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection of the central nervous system (CNS) makes it difficult to evaluate how SARS-CoV-2 invades the nervous system and causes neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the neurological manifestations of COVID 19, the pathomechanism, and possible route of invasion of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS. We also emphasize the importance of better understandings of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 to develop better therapeutic approaches to treat COVID 19 related neurological complications.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80243647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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