Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.470
M. Patnaik.
LAB plays essential role in fermentation of milk and milk products. Various LAB strains are used as initiator cultures in milk industry. During fermentation process Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) manufactures anti-microbial metabolites, include organic acids like propionic, acetic acid and lactic acids as final products. They generate unfavorable environment to corrosion and pathogenic microorganism’s growth.
{"title":"Microbial Preservation and Fermentation by Lactic Acid Bacteria.","authors":"M. Patnaik.","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.470","url":null,"abstract":"LAB plays essential role in fermentation of milk and milk products. Various LAB strains are used as initiator cultures in milk industry. During fermentation process Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) manufactures anti-microbial metabolites, include organic acids like propionic, acetic acid and lactic acids as final products. They generate unfavorable environment to corrosion and pathogenic microorganism’s growth.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"214 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77241761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.482
Atsede Muleta, K. Tesfaye, Tekle Haimanot Haile Selassie, D. Cook, F. Assefa
Background: Nitrogen fixations are limited in acidic soil due to the sensitivity of legume, rhizobia, and the symbiosis to low pH. However, legumes and their rhizobia show different responses to soil acidity. Objective: The experiment was conducted to screen indigenous Mesorhizobium isolates for their ecological competitiveness and symbiotically effectiveness for enhancing nitrogen fixation in chickpea production. Methodology: A total of 81 genetically diverse indigenous Mesorhizobium spp. were screened for low pH tolerance and their potential to ecological adaptations under in vitro conditions and their symbiotic effectiveness on two chickpea varieties under greenhouse conditions. Results: 62 (77%) strains grew well at low pH 5, and 47 (75.8%) of them were phosphate solubilizers. The species displayed marked differences in their eco-physiological characteristics such as the utilization of different carbon and nitrogen sources, pattern of tolerance to salinity, temperature, Mn2+ and Al3+ toxicity, heavy metals, and inherent resistance to antibiotics. They also displayed significant (p<0.01) differences in their nodulation features (nodule number, nodule dry weight) and yield characters (shoot dry weight) on Natoli and DZ-ck-2011s-2-0042 chickpea varieties. Based on their symbiotic effectiveness (SE), five strains, namely a.15star (ANI95 groups 5C), a.117L2 (ANI95 groups 2D), a.71 (ANI95 groups 4B), a.40L2 (ANI95 groups 8A), and a.200M (ANI95 groups 3A) showed the best performance on both varieties, even out-performed over the commercially available local strain Cp41 and tolerance to different in vitro ecological conditions. Conclusion: Ethiopian acidic soils harbored symbiotically effective, ecologically competent, and phosphate solubilizing Mesorhizobium species. Thus, these strains could be recommended as prospective commercial inoculants provided they can be tested in field trials in acidic soils.
{"title":"Screening for Ecologically Competent, Nutritional Characteristics and Symbiotically Effective Chickpea Nodulating Mesorhizobium spp. Isolated from Acidic Soils of Ethiopia","authors":"Atsede Muleta, K. Tesfaye, Tekle Haimanot Haile Selassie, D. Cook, F. Assefa","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.482","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nitrogen fixations are limited in acidic soil due to the sensitivity of legume, rhizobia, and the symbiosis to low pH. However, legumes and their rhizobia show different responses to soil acidity. Objective: The experiment was conducted to screen indigenous Mesorhizobium isolates for their ecological competitiveness and symbiotically effectiveness for enhancing nitrogen fixation in chickpea production. Methodology: A total of 81 genetically diverse indigenous Mesorhizobium spp. were screened for low pH tolerance and their potential to ecological adaptations under in vitro conditions and their symbiotic effectiveness on two chickpea varieties under greenhouse conditions. Results: 62 (77%) strains grew well at low pH 5, and 47 (75.8%) of them were phosphate solubilizers. The species displayed marked differences in their eco-physiological characteristics such as the utilization of different carbon and nitrogen sources, pattern of tolerance to salinity, temperature, Mn2+ and Al3+ toxicity, heavy metals, and inherent resistance to antibiotics. They also displayed significant (p<0.01) differences in their nodulation features (nodule number, nodule dry weight) and yield characters (shoot dry weight) on Natoli and DZ-ck-2011s-2-0042 chickpea varieties. Based on their symbiotic effectiveness (SE), five strains, namely a.15star (ANI95 groups 5C), a.117L2 (ANI95 groups 2D), a.71 (ANI95 groups 4B), a.40L2 (ANI95 groups 8A), and a.200M (ANI95 groups 3A) showed the best performance on both varieties, even out-performed over the commercially available local strain Cp41 and tolerance to different in vitro ecological conditions. Conclusion: Ethiopian acidic soils harbored symbiotically effective, ecologically competent, and phosphate solubilizing Mesorhizobium species. Thus, these strains could be recommended as prospective commercial inoculants provided they can be tested in field trials in acidic soils.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83671667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.486
Pirakhunova Toxtasin
Intestine is liable for digesting meals and expelling the waste. More recently, we found out the intestine has many greater crucial capabilities and acts a form of mini-brain, affecting our temper and appetite. Now, new studies indicate it'd additionally play a function in our cravings for positive varieties of meals
{"title":"Our Craving for Food will be Affected by the Bacteria Present in OurGut","authors":"Pirakhunova Toxtasin","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.486","url":null,"abstract":"Intestine is liable for digesting meals and expelling the waste. More recently, we found out the intestine has many greater crucial capabilities and acts a form of mini-brain, affecting our temper and appetite. Now, new studies indicate it'd additionally play a function in our cravings for positive varieties of meals","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74382729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.467
Swapna Gupta
Microorganisms are of great importance to environment and essential to all life forms, and are primary source of nutrients and act as leading recycler in environment. Microorganisms are present in exceedingly large sphere of environment and develop from abyssal zone to stratosphere (at heights up to 60 km) and in a wide range of temperatures varying from arctic ice to boiling volcanoes.
{"title":"Microbial Nutrition in Primary and Secondary metabolites","authors":"Swapna Gupta","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.467","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are of great importance to environment and essential to all life forms, and are primary source of nutrients and act as leading recycler in environment. Microorganisms are present in exceedingly large sphere of environment and develop from abyssal zone to stratosphere (at heights up to 60 km) and in a wide range of temperatures varying from arctic ice to boiling volcanoes.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.454
Aron
Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities that are embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Importantly, bacteria in biofilms exhibit a set of 'emergent properties' that differ substantially from free-living bacterial cells. Bacterial biofilms can be considered to be an emergent form of bacterial life, in which communal life is completely different from bacteria that live as free-living cells. Emergent properties of bacterial biofilms include social cooperation, resource capture and enhanced survival following exposure to antimicrobials, and cannot be understood and predicted through the study of free-living bacterial cells. The physical scaffold of biofilm life is the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that keeps cells in the biofilm together and attaches them to substrata when colonizing surfaces. The matrix underlies the emergent properties of biofilms. The emergent properties of the biofilm are the reason for the evolutionary success of biofilms and underlie the role of biofilms as global habitat formers.
{"title":"A Keynote on Biofilms","authors":"Aron","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.454","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities that are embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Importantly, bacteria in biofilms exhibit a set of 'emergent properties' that differ substantially from free-living bacterial cells. Bacterial biofilms can be considered to be an emergent form of bacterial life, in which communal life is completely different from bacteria that live as free-living cells. Emergent properties of bacterial biofilms include social cooperation, resource capture and enhanced survival following exposure to antimicrobials, and cannot be understood and predicted through the study of free-living bacterial cells. The physical scaffold of biofilm life is the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that keeps cells in the biofilm together and attaches them to substrata when colonizing surfaces. The matrix underlies the emergent properties of biofilms. The emergent properties of the biofilm are the reason for the evolutionary success of biofilms and underlie the role of biofilms as global habitat formers.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.478
Akira Ayava
Scientific study of microorganisms is known as Food Microbiology, its used in both in food and production of food. This incorporates microorganisms that defile food, just as those utilized in its creation; for instance to produce, cheddar Cheese, yogurt, and wine.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance: Food Microbiology","authors":"Akira Ayava","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.478","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific study of microorganisms is known as Food Microbiology, its used in both in food and production of food. This incorporates microorganisms that defile food, just as those utilized in its creation; for instance to produce, cheddar Cheese, yogurt, and wine.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80919794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.468
Anupama Nayar
Monitoring toxins, environmental pollutants, traces of minacious chemicals, hormones, and/or pathogens accurately and quickly is a chief task in the field of environmental stewardship, health care and homeland security, due to their not insignificant impact on the ecosystem and human society. E. coli strain for the observation and quantification of mevalonate, a midway in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids.
{"title":"Types of Microbial Biosensors Based on Intracellular System.","authors":"Anupama Nayar","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.468","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring toxins, environmental pollutants, traces of minacious chemicals, hormones, and/or pathogens accurately and quickly is a chief task in the field of environmental stewardship, health care and homeland security, due to their not insignificant impact on the ecosystem and human society. E. coli strain for the observation and quantification of mevalonate, a midway in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74630269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.464
Sreshta Jami
Biofuel research is presently an area of immense interest due to the enlargement in global energy command by emerging economies and the recent growth in global oil prices. The utilization of organic substrates by a micro organism and its further utilization in the metabolic process gives rise to useful products.
{"title":"Latest Trends in Microbial Biofuels","authors":"Sreshta Jami","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.464","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuel research is presently an area of immense interest due to the enlargement in global energy command by emerging economies and the recent growth in global oil prices. The utilization of organic substrates by a micro organism and its further utilization in the metabolic process gives rise to useful products.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73096655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.472
G. Mwale
Numerous infectious illnesses produced by bacteria that seldom cause disease in normal, healthy immunocompetent hosts emerged in the late twentieth century. The development of these illnesses demonstrates that a conventional notion of pathogenicity and virulence fail to account for the reality that microbial pathogenesis is influenced by both the bacterium and the host. To overcome this barrier to studying host–microbe interactions, we offer the 'damage-response' framework, a novel theoretical paradigm for understanding microbial pathogenesis.
{"title":"Microbial Pathogenesis' Damage-Response Framework","authors":"G. Mwale","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.472","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous infectious illnesses produced by bacteria that seldom cause disease in normal, healthy immunocompetent hosts emerged in the late twentieth century. The development of these illnesses demonstrates that a conventional notion of pathogenicity and virulence fail to account for the reality that microbial pathogenesis is influenced by both the bacterium and the host. To overcome this barrier to studying host–microbe interactions, we offer the 'damage-response' framework, a novel theoretical paradigm for understanding microbial pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84034455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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