Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.433
P. R. Meena, Anjali Vashishth, Priyanka, A. Singh
The new public health crisis is threatening the world with the emerging and spread of coronavirus. In December 2019, a series of pneumonia and acute respiratory disease caused by novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 had been appeared in china and spread out worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared its name COVID-19 and ‘pandemic’ as a public health emergency in February 2020. Novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 marked the third introduction of highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into humans after SARS and MERS. As of till the end of June, a total of more than 1 crore confirmed cases were reported globally. USA, Brazil, Italy, India and Spain are leading affected countries, and around 5 lakh peoples have been died due to the global pandemic according to the WHO report. Meanwhile, several research groups studies suggested that it is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19 and person to person transmission has led the pandemic disease. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discussed and summarized the characteristics of novel corona virus SARSCoV-2 and the role of receptor and protein in host-pathogen interaction. Evidence from previous studies suggests that knowledge regarding prevention and its treatment is still scarce. In this review, we have revealed the One-Health perspective and reservoir, biology of transmission, survival mechanism, and the potential role of Ca+2 ions in the pathogenesis mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, diagnosis characteristic symptoms, possible treatment and prevention in terms of One-Health from COVID-19. Along with this it also provides an essential insight into the control measures that would minimize the potential risk of disease transmission and will be helpful for vaccine development against the pandemic COVID-19.
{"title":"Pandemic COVID-19 Emerging Global Concern: An Overview to Understand the Potential of Ca+2 in Pathogenesis and Advance Therapeutics Strategy on its Outbreak","authors":"P. R. Meena, Anjali Vashishth, Priyanka, A. Singh","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.433","url":null,"abstract":"The new public health crisis is threatening the world with the emerging and spread of coronavirus. In December 2019, a series of pneumonia and acute respiratory disease caused by novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 had been appeared in china and spread out worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared its name COVID-19 and ‘pandemic’ as a public health emergency in February 2020. Novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 marked the third introduction of highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into humans after SARS and MERS. As of till the end of June, a total of more than 1 crore confirmed cases were reported globally. USA, Brazil, Italy, India and Spain are leading affected countries, and around 5 lakh peoples have been died due to the global pandemic according to the WHO report. Meanwhile, several research groups studies suggested that it is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19 and person to person transmission has led the pandemic disease. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discussed and summarized the characteristics of novel corona virus SARSCoV-2 and the role of receptor and protein in host-pathogen interaction. Evidence from previous studies suggests that knowledge regarding prevention and its treatment is still scarce. In this review, we have revealed the One-Health perspective and reservoir, biology of transmission, survival mechanism, and the potential role of Ca+2 ions in the pathogenesis mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, diagnosis characteristic symptoms, possible treatment and prevention in terms of One-Health from COVID-19. Along with this it also provides an essential insight into the control measures that would minimize the potential risk of disease transmission and will be helpful for vaccine development against the pandemic COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90492709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.432
Soufi Wassila, Faiza Boukli-Hacene, M. Merad, S. Ghalem
Neurodegenerative diseases include more than 600 affections that alter the structures of the brain, the best-known being Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These diseases can influence an individual’s movement, speech, memory, intelligence, and much more; because neurodegenerative diseases are so complex. Although, it remains a mystery why only degeneration happens in neurodegenerative diseases. A series of quinoline derivative has been synthesized with a very high heterocyclic class in a wide range of biological activities. These derivatives have been shown to be selective inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values. This work is to study the inhibition of AChE enzyme involved in the Alzheimer's disease by computational methods for molecular modeling and simulation of macromolecule. These results will probably help in the development of an effective therapeutic tool to fight against the development of Alzheimer's disease.
{"title":"Theoretical Study of Quinoline Derivatives Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"Soufi Wassila, Faiza Boukli-Hacene, M. Merad, S. Ghalem","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.432","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases include more than 600 affections that alter the structures of the brain, the best-known being Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These diseases can influence an individual’s movement, speech, memory, intelligence, and much more; because neurodegenerative diseases are so complex. Although, it remains a mystery why only degeneration happens in neurodegenerative diseases. A series of quinoline derivative has been synthesized with a very high heterocyclic class in a wide range of biological activities. These derivatives have been shown to be selective inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values. This work is to study the inhibition of AChE enzyme involved in the Alzheimer's disease by computational methods for molecular modeling and simulation of macromolecule. These results will probably help in the development of an effective therapeutic tool to fight against the development of Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.450
M. Jafer, Ibsa Tase, Abdallahi Abdurehman
Hydatidosis/Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important neglected tropical parasitic diseases of livestock that has both financial and public health significance caused by larval (metacestode) stage of Cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus, family Taenidae. CE caused by the larval stage of E. granulosus is recognized as being one of the major zoonosis and associated with severe economic losses and great public health significance worldwide. The distribution of hydatidosis is normally associated with underdeveloped countries, especially in rural communities where humans maintain close contact with dogs and various domestic animals. Carnivores are definite hosts for the parasite with livestock acting as intermediate hosts and human as accidental intermediate or aberrant host. Globally, economic losses estimated to cause human and livestock associated annual economic losses of at least US$ 193,529,740 and US$ 141,605,195, respectively and estimated to causes 2-3 million human cases are thought to occur worldwide. Abattoir based studies conducted in various parts of Ethiopia, showed that prevalence of CE ranges from 6.51% to 54.5%, 0% to 24.8%, 11.69% to 65.47% and 7.03% to 60.2% in cattle, goats, camel and sheep respectively and 8561.61 ETB to 19,847,704.5 ETB annual economic losses in animals. In human prevalence of 1.6% and 0.5% have been reported from southern part of Ethiopia. On the human side economic losses arise through diagnostic cost, treatment cost and cost of hospitalization. In animals’ economic losses are observed in decreased carcass weight, milk production and fertility rates, and from increased rate of condemnation of affected organs. Breaking the life cycle is one of the main control measures. Strengthening of veterinary facilities and extension systems, expansion of abattoir facilities to avoid backyard slaughter practices, creation of community awareness, regular deworming of dogs and appropriate disposal of infected organs are recommendations forwarded in order to help zoonosis control.
{"title":"Review on Socio-Economic Significance of Hydatidosis in Humans and Animals in Ethiopia","authors":"M. Jafer, Ibsa Tase, Abdallahi Abdurehman","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.20.12.450","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatidosis/Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important neglected tropical parasitic diseases of livestock that has both financial and public health significance caused by larval (metacestode) stage of Cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus, family Taenidae. CE caused by the larval stage of E. granulosus is recognized as being one of the major zoonosis and associated with severe economic losses and great public health significance worldwide. The distribution of hydatidosis is normally associated with underdeveloped countries, especially in rural communities where humans maintain close contact with dogs and various domestic animals. Carnivores are definite hosts for the parasite with livestock acting as intermediate hosts and human as accidental intermediate or aberrant host. Globally, economic losses estimated to cause human and livestock associated annual economic losses of at least US$ 193,529,740 and US$ 141,605,195, respectively and estimated to causes 2-3 million human cases are thought to occur worldwide. Abattoir based studies conducted in various parts of Ethiopia, showed that prevalence of CE ranges from 6.51% to 54.5%, 0% to 24.8%, 11.69% to 65.47% and 7.03% to 60.2% in cattle, goats, camel and sheep respectively and 8561.61 ETB to 19,847,704.5 ETB annual economic losses in animals. In human prevalence of 1.6% and 0.5% have been reported from southern part of Ethiopia. On the human side economic losses arise through diagnostic cost, treatment cost and cost of hospitalization. In animals’ economic losses are observed in decreased carcass weight, milk production and fertility rates, and from increased rate of condemnation of affected organs. Breaking the life cycle is one of the main control measures. Strengthening of veterinary facilities and extension systems, expansion of abattoir facilities to avoid backyard slaughter practices, creation of community awareness, regular deworming of dogs and appropriate disposal of infected organs are recommendations forwarded in order to help zoonosis control.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"184 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85865038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.19.11.423
Salman Ranani, Sarmad Muhammad Soomar
Microorganisms are everywhere. They can be found in the air, in water, in soil, on animals and even on humans. Some are beneficial, such as those used to make fermented dairy and meat products. Others cause spoilage of various food products. Eating fruits is a healthy practice due to its nutritional composition but when it gets spoiled by microbes, it can be harmful for human consumption. Microorganisms have been reported to cause extensive deterioration of fruits. Some of these microorganisms cause rotting, discoloration or fermentation of the fruits which affect their preservation. The study was done to identify and analyse microbial diversity that causes the spoilage. Pour plate method was used for the isolation of microbes from spoil fruit. A portion of the fruit was aseptically inoculated into the beaker; it was homogenized and then diluted. The colonies were identified by standard bacteriological procedures. Gram’s staining was performed to determine if the organism is gram negative or gram positive. Further confirmatory biochemical tests were done such as catalase, coagulase and oxidase. The identification of the isolated fungi was done both macroscopically and microscopically. This study and experiments revealed that the rotten or spoiled fruit possess appreciable number of microbes. The Microorganisms isolated and observed were bacteria and fungi majorly. This is due to various processes taking place in the rotten fruit which favoured bacterial and fungal growth. It could also be as a result of the moisture content of the fruit as well as the difference in the nutritional composition of the fruits. This work finds that there are microorganisms that could be responsible for inducing spoilage in the fresh fruit. Fruits are a good source of nutrient and could be used for many applications. However to reduce the susceptibility of the fruit to microbial spoilage and to ensure its effectiveness in different applications and safety measures should be taken. Hence if you want to prevent spoilage of food by micro-organisms, you must remove the conditions which are appropriate for their growth and preserve them with the best possible techniques.
{"title":"Laboratory Based Experimental Study on Microbial Spoilage of Commercially Available Fruits","authors":"Salman Ranani, Sarmad Muhammad Soomar","doi":"10.35248/1948-5948.19.11.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5948.19.11.423","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are everywhere. They can be found in the air, in water, in soil, on animals and even on humans. Some are beneficial, such as those used to make fermented dairy and meat products. Others cause spoilage of various food products. Eating fruits is a healthy practice due to its nutritional composition but when it gets spoiled by microbes, it can be harmful for human consumption. Microorganisms have been reported to cause extensive deterioration of fruits. Some of these microorganisms cause rotting, discoloration or fermentation of the fruits which affect their preservation. The study was done to identify and analyse microbial diversity that causes the spoilage. Pour plate method was used for the isolation of microbes from spoil fruit. A portion of the fruit was aseptically inoculated into the beaker; it was homogenized and then diluted. The colonies were identified by standard bacteriological procedures. Gram’s staining was performed to determine if the organism is gram negative or gram positive. Further confirmatory biochemical tests were done such as catalase, coagulase and oxidase. The identification of the isolated fungi was done both macroscopically and microscopically. This study and experiments revealed that the rotten or spoiled fruit possess appreciable number of microbes. The Microorganisms isolated and observed were bacteria and fungi majorly. This is due to various processes taking place in the rotten fruit which favoured bacterial and fungal growth. It could also be as a result of the moisture content of the fruit as well as the difference in the nutritional composition of the fruits. This work finds that there are microorganisms that could be responsible for inducing spoilage in the fresh fruit. Fruits are a good source of nutrient and could be used for many applications. However to reduce the susceptibility of the fruit to microbial spoilage and to ensure its effectiveness in different applications and safety measures should be taken. Hence if you want to prevent spoilage of food by micro-organisms, you must remove the conditions which are appropriate for their growth and preserve them with the best possible techniques.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"82 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85597838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000407
Preeti Sonkar
This present works were carried out on interaction between Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium oxysporum sp. This experiment was monitored by digital light microscope and confocal microscope. Results were observed coiling structure of Trichoderma asperellum, attachment on cell wall of Fusarium oxysporum sp. and disintegration of cell wall by conidia and bioactive compound. Trichoderma asperellum hyphae was around of Fusarium oxysporum sp. Conclusively, different type of interactions were revealed during this experiment i.e. coiling structure, mycoparasitic activity by conidia, mycoparasitic activity by bioactive compound, mycoparasitic activity by attachment, around of pathogen.
{"title":"Determination of Interaction between Trichoderma asperellum and Fusarium oxysporum sp. by Digital Light Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy","authors":"Preeti Sonkar","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000407","url":null,"abstract":"This present works were carried out on interaction between Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium oxysporum sp. This experiment was monitored by digital light microscope and confocal microscope. Results were observed coiling structure of Trichoderma asperellum, attachment on cell wall of Fusarium oxysporum sp. and disintegration of cell wall by conidia and bioactive compound. Trichoderma asperellum hyphae was around of Fusarium oxysporum sp. Conclusively, different type of interactions were revealed during this experiment i.e. coiling structure, mycoparasitic activity by conidia, mycoparasitic activity by bioactive compound, mycoparasitic activity by attachment, around of pathogen.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87031532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000411
Preeti Singh
Peels and leaves of citrus fruit have shown the various effects against bacteria present in oral cavity. They have also shown various pharmacological activities against bacteria responsible for dental caries. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined, the maximum zone of inhibition (16 mm) was observed in the combination of fruit peel and leaf waste. Scanning Electron Microscopy results also showed the effect of fruit peel and leaf waste extracts on bacteria. Peel and leaf waste extract effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria. The natural agents for antimicrobial activity have been detected in Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel and leaves.
{"title":"In vitro Study of Antibacterial Activity by Citrus aurantifolia Fruit Peel, Citrus limetta Fruit Peel and Citrus aurantifolia Leaves against Oral Pathogens","authors":"Preeti Singh","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000411","url":null,"abstract":"Peels and leaves of citrus fruit have shown the various effects against bacteria present in oral cavity. They have also shown various pharmacological activities against bacteria responsible for dental caries. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined, the maximum zone of inhibition (16 mm) was observed in the combination of fruit peel and leaf waste. Scanning Electron Microscopy results also showed the effect of fruit peel and leaf waste extracts on bacteria. Peel and leaf waste extract effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria. The natural agents for antimicrobial activity have been detected in Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel and leaves.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85924841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural plant products have been important for the development of new active molecules for drug development since the ancient times. This is particularly due to the presence of secondary metabolites in plants, which are known for their antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial activity of Erythrina abyssinica against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Erythrina abyssinica is a medicinal plant which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various infections, snakebites and some sexually transmitted diseases. However, not much scientific studies have been done to validate the use of Erythrina abyssinica as a medicinal plant. The bark was extracted using solvent-solvent extraction method. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion assay. Antimicrobial activity was observed in most extracts with the ethyl acetate extract showing the highest zone of inhibition of 25 mm and dichloromethane showing the least zone of inhibition against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for all the extracts were determined using the broth dilution assay. The dichloromethane and hexane extracts were the most potent with MICs of 62.5 μg/ml. However, the hexane extract showed the highest zone of inhibition of 23 mm against S. aureus whilst dichloromethane was found to be the most potent with an MIC of 15.6 μg/ml against C. albicans by broth dilution assay. Minimum fungicidal concentrations for all the extracts were 500 μg/ml except for ethyl acetate which was 250 μg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was greater than 500 μg/ml except for hexane showing that extracts inhibited growth of S. aureus but did not kill the cells. Toxicity studies showed that all extracts may not be toxic to human cells. Therefore, these results scientifically validate the use of the Erythrina abyssinica bark for the treatment of various ailments.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Erythrina abyssinica Leaf Extract","authors":"Wadzanai Chitopoa, Idaiishe Muchachaa, Rumbidzai Mangoyi","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000413","url":null,"abstract":"Natural plant products have been important for the development of new active molecules for drug development since the ancient times. This is particularly due to the presence of secondary metabolites in plants, which are known for their antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial activity of Erythrina abyssinica against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Erythrina abyssinica is a medicinal plant which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various infections, snakebites and some sexually transmitted diseases. However, not much scientific studies have been done to validate the use of Erythrina abyssinica as a medicinal plant. The bark was extracted using solvent-solvent extraction method. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion assay. Antimicrobial activity was observed in most extracts with the ethyl acetate extract showing the highest zone of inhibition of 25 mm and dichloromethane showing the least zone of inhibition against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for all the extracts were determined using the broth dilution assay. The dichloromethane and hexane extracts were the most potent with MICs of 62.5 μg/ml. However, the hexane extract showed the highest zone of inhibition of 23 mm against S. aureus whilst dichloromethane was found to be the most potent with an MIC of 15.6 μg/ml against C. albicans by broth dilution assay. Minimum fungicidal concentrations for all the extracts were 500 μg/ml except for ethyl acetate which was 250 μg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was greater than 500 μg/ml except for hexane showing that extracts inhibited growth of S. aureus but did not kill the cells. Toxicity studies showed that all extracts may not be toxic to human cells. Therefore, these results scientifically validate the use of the Erythrina abyssinica bark for the treatment of various ailments.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76698968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000410
G. Dagnew, A. Abebaw, Sisay Lemma Wake, Abebe Getu Derso
Proper disposal of human excreta remains a challenge especially in low income countries including Ethiopia. About 80% of the disease burden is related to poor sanitation and hygiene in the country. Cognizant of challenges, health extension program has been widely implemented longer. Latrine facility coverage of study area was lower and its utilization remained also lower. Level of latrine utilization and factors associated with latrine utilization of the study area were not known. Therefore, evidences were required to show the current situation of latrine utilization in the study area. Taking in to account this the current study conducted to determine latrine use and associated factors among the rural community members in Chiro Zuria woreda. Latrine facility coverage is increasing since Health Extension Program started, whereas less attention to quality and utilization of latrine facilities in rural Ethiopia. This research was conducted at Nejebas and Kilinso Kebele in 2018. The data was collected through interviews and questionnaire. 69 SHHs were identified in random sampling technique from each Kebele for this research which also includes direct field observation. Qualitative data was collected through Key Informant Interviews to complement the household survey findings. The study revealed that the current sanitation situation in the study area is poor. Majority of privately owned latrine were made up of mud and wood, which are low quality creating bad smell to the surrounding areas. The daily demand and supply of the potable water is not balanced. Pit latrines are imposing negative impact of the environment and health of public. Among the community there is poor awareness about sanitation and health. Increasing of construction price and poor coordination between sectors are the problems related to the sanitation situation in the study area. The study concludes that all efforts geared towards up scaling latrine use in the study are must tackle the entire underlying barrier. The aim of this study was settled out to determine latrine use and associated factors among the rural community members in Chiro Zuria woreda: Nejebas and Kilinso kebele.
{"title":"Assessment of Latrine use and Associated Factors among Rural Community Members in Chiro Zuria Woreda Particularly in Kilinso and Nejebas Kebele","authors":"G. Dagnew, A. Abebaw, Sisay Lemma Wake, Abebe Getu Derso","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000410","url":null,"abstract":"Proper disposal of human excreta remains a challenge especially in low income countries including Ethiopia. About 80% of the disease burden is related to poor sanitation and hygiene in the country. Cognizant of challenges, health extension program has been widely implemented longer. Latrine facility coverage of study area was lower and its utilization remained also lower. Level of latrine utilization and factors associated with latrine utilization of the study area were not known. Therefore, evidences were required to show the current situation of latrine utilization in the study area. Taking in to account this the current study conducted to determine latrine use and associated factors among the rural community members in Chiro Zuria woreda. Latrine facility coverage is increasing since Health Extension Program started, whereas less attention to quality and utilization of latrine facilities in rural Ethiopia. This research was conducted at Nejebas and Kilinso Kebele in 2018. The data was collected through interviews and questionnaire. 69 SHHs were identified in random sampling technique from each Kebele for this research which also includes direct field observation. Qualitative data was collected through Key Informant Interviews to complement the household survey findings. The study revealed that the current sanitation situation in the study area is poor. Majority of privately owned latrine were made up of mud and wood, which are low quality creating bad smell to the surrounding areas. The daily demand and supply of the potable water is not balanced. Pit latrines are imposing negative impact of the environment and health of public. Among the community there is poor awareness about sanitation and health. Increasing of construction price and poor coordination between sectors are the problems related to the sanitation situation in the study area. The study concludes that all efforts geared towards up scaling latrine use in the study are must tackle the entire underlying barrier. The aim of this study was settled out to determine latrine use and associated factors among the rural community members in Chiro Zuria woreda: Nejebas and Kilinso kebele.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73705036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000415
Salah S. B. Dababat
This research was executed to investigate the reduction of the volatile and solid matter in the Co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) with primary sludge (PS). Lab-scale experiment was executed at mesophilic condition (35 ± 2°C). 600 ml serum bottles were used to mimic batch bioreactors. Among others total solids content (TS), volatile solids (VS) were measured before and after the digestion process. In addition to recording the daily biogas and methane production. The experiment showed that PS achieved maximum volatile solid reduction (49%), while the organic stabilization percentage of each SHW and Co-digestion mixture (Co) were 29.1% and 44.4% respectively. The solid stabilization was at maximum value (63%) at PS reactor compared to SHW and co-reactors (39.5% and 49.8% correspondingly).
{"title":"Organic Waste Reduction by Co-digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastewater and Domestic Sludge","authors":"Salah S. B. Dababat","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000415","url":null,"abstract":"This research was executed to investigate the reduction of the volatile and solid matter in the Co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) with primary sludge (PS). Lab-scale experiment was executed at mesophilic condition (35 ± 2°C). 600 ml serum bottles were used to mimic batch bioreactors. Among others total solids content (TS), volatile solids (VS) were measured before and after the digestion process. In addition to recording the daily biogas and methane production. The experiment showed that PS achieved maximum volatile solid reduction (49%), while the organic stabilization percentage of each SHW and Co-digestion mixture (Co) were 29.1% and 44.4% respectively. The solid stabilization was at maximum value (63%) at PS reactor compared to SHW and co-reactors (39.5% and 49.8% correspondingly).","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88102233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000420
G. Neri, A. Pennelli, M. DelBoccio, L. Neri, E. Toniato, R. Tenaglia, Gallenga Ce, P. Gallenga, G. DelBoccio
Background: Chronic atypical oropharyngeal disease in adults, accompanied with chronic cough, can occur at any age manifesting itself with different grade evolutive diseases. Often their pathogenesis is attributed to gastroesophageal reflux, to virosis or to unspecified immune deficiencies but some clinical aspects, such as the simultaneous presence of urinary disorders, the temporal scanning of the recurrence and the reduced response to antibiotic therapy, suggests a different or a superimposed pathology. Methods: The present study was carried out to assess retrospectively biopsy and biological materials from a population afflicted by atypical recurrent pharyngitis, presenting a âwhite lineâ clinical sign into the context of respiratory difficulties, manifesting chronic choking cough (CCC), laryngopharyngeal (LPR) and gastroesophageal (GERD) reflux diseases. This population, already clinically, endoscopically and histologically characterized, was newly studied following the microbial approach by cultural and molecular procedures. Results: We analyzed 14 biopsy, 60 biological pooled materials from lingual, pharyngeal, post nasal drip mucoid secretions and sputum (here initialled: LPNS) and 60 lingual cell and salivary secretions (LCSS) resulted positive to Chlamydiaceae [(Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct)], to urogenital Mycoplasmas [Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu)], to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) into the context of a changeable overlapping with other typical bacteria, belonging to Corynebacteria, Enterobacteria, Streptococci and Staphylococci groups. Conclusions: Our data indicated that atypical infections [C. trachomatis and urogenital Mycoplasmas (Mh and Uu)], together with Cp, were the underhand pathogens of an initial chronic oropharyngeal scenery until now unrecognized, triggering, after decades, the respiratory problems in middle and old subjects genetically susceptible. The presence of white line clinical sign, endoscopically observed, together with an altered pH salivary secretion, into the scenario of CCC, LPR and GERD reflux manifestations, refractory to non-specific medical therapy, represents a pathognomonic triad to include routinely these valuations into the diagnostic protocol of an atypical recrudescent pharyngitis.
{"title":"Retrospective Microbiological Study of Atypical Recurrent Pharyngitis in Patients Presenting the White-line Clinical Sign","authors":"G. Neri, A. Pennelli, M. DelBoccio, L. Neri, E. Toniato, R. Tenaglia, Gallenga Ce, P. Gallenga, G. DelBoccio","doi":"10.4172/1948-5948.1000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000420","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic atypical oropharyngeal disease in adults, accompanied with chronic cough, can occur at any age manifesting itself with different grade evolutive diseases. Often their pathogenesis is attributed to gastroesophageal reflux, to virosis or to unspecified immune deficiencies but some clinical aspects, such as the simultaneous presence of urinary disorders, the temporal scanning of the recurrence and the reduced response to antibiotic therapy, suggests a different or a superimposed pathology. Methods: The present study was carried out to assess retrospectively biopsy and biological materials from a population afflicted by atypical recurrent pharyngitis, presenting a âwhite lineâ clinical sign into the context of respiratory difficulties, manifesting chronic choking cough (CCC), laryngopharyngeal (LPR) and gastroesophageal (GERD) reflux diseases. This population, already clinically, endoscopically and histologically characterized, was newly studied following the microbial approach by cultural and molecular procedures. Results: We analyzed 14 biopsy, 60 biological pooled materials from lingual, pharyngeal, post nasal drip mucoid secretions and sputum (here initialled: LPNS) and 60 lingual cell and salivary secretions (LCSS) resulted positive to Chlamydiaceae [(Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct)], to urogenital Mycoplasmas [Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu)], to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) into the context of a changeable overlapping with other typical bacteria, belonging to Corynebacteria, Enterobacteria, Streptococci and Staphylococci groups. Conclusions: Our data indicated that atypical infections [C. trachomatis and urogenital Mycoplasmas (Mh and Uu)], together with Cp, were the underhand pathogens of an initial chronic oropharyngeal scenery until now unrecognized, triggering, after decades, the respiratory problems in middle and old subjects genetically susceptible. The presence of white line clinical sign, endoscopically observed, together with an altered pH salivary secretion, into the scenario of CCC, LPR and GERD reflux manifestations, refractory to non-specific medical therapy, represents a pathognomonic triad to include routinely these valuations into the diagnostic protocol of an atypical recrudescent pharyngitis.","PeriodicalId":16453,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86754107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：