Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.20.11.504
T. Adu, Musa Vuyisile Mab, La
Introduction: Episodic memory is a complex cognitive process that allows the encoding, storage and retrieval of unique events associated with the context in which they occurred. The memory function is however affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and this is quite associated with the functional loss of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is highly expressed within the brain. This study therefore addressed the question of whether prior/post bromelain treatment was able to show an effect on the memory function and BDNF level in 6-OHDA injected rat model of Parkinsonism. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected stereotaxically with the neurotoxin 6- OHDA. The anti-inflammatory agent, bromelain (40 mg/kg i.p) was used to treat a subset of the rats prior to or 24 hr post 6-OHDA lesion. Discrimination index in the neurotoxin injected rats was assessed using the novel object recognition test. The levels of BDNF in the plasma, PFC and hippocampus were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: 6-OHDA injection resulted in marked reduction in the discrimination index which was prevented by the treatment with bromelain prior to the lesion. The plasma level of BDNF was increased by the 6-OHDA injection and bromelain treatment, pre- and post 6-OHDA injection decreased the plasma level of BDNF in the neurotoxin injected rats. Meanwhile, a significant increase in cortical BDNF was observed with post-injection bromelain treatment. Conclusion: The plasma level of BDNF increased in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. BDNF levels in plasma may represent an important early marker of brain damage and memory deficit. Bromelain treatment reversed the neurotoxininduced increase in plasma BDNF levels and memory deficit, suggesting that early treatment with bromelain might be useful in the prevention of memory loss in patients with PD.
{"title":"Effect of Bromelain on BDNF level and memory deficit following intra-medial forebrain bundle 6-OHDA injection in rat model of Parkinsonism","authors":"T. Adu, Musa Vuyisile Mab, La","doi":"10.35248/2155-9562.20.11.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9562.20.11.504","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Episodic memory is a complex cognitive process that allows the encoding, storage and retrieval of unique events associated with the context in which they occurred. The memory function is however affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and this is quite associated with the functional loss of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is highly expressed within the brain. This study therefore addressed the question of whether prior/post bromelain treatment was able to show an effect on the memory function and BDNF level in 6-OHDA injected rat model of Parkinsonism. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected stereotaxically with the neurotoxin 6- OHDA. The anti-inflammatory agent, bromelain (40 mg/kg i.p) was used to treat a subset of the rats prior to or 24 hr post 6-OHDA lesion. Discrimination index in the neurotoxin injected rats was assessed using the novel object recognition test. The levels of BDNF in the plasma, PFC and hippocampus were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: 6-OHDA injection resulted in marked reduction in the discrimination index which was prevented by the treatment with bromelain prior to the lesion. The plasma level of BDNF was increased by the 6-OHDA injection and bromelain treatment, pre- and post 6-OHDA injection decreased the plasma level of BDNF in the neurotoxin injected rats. Meanwhile, a significant increase in cortical BDNF was observed with post-injection bromelain treatment. Conclusion: The plasma level of BDNF increased in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. BDNF levels in plasma may represent an important early marker of brain damage and memory deficit. Bromelain treatment reversed the neurotoxininduced increase in plasma BDNF levels and memory deficit, suggesting that early treatment with bromelain might be useful in the prevention of memory loss in patients with PD.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77297137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-c5-072
Ernesto Delgado Cidranes
{"title":"The power of magnetic stimulation in the control of pelvic floor disorders: Brainsway deep TMS therapy and BTL EMSELLA protocols","authors":"Ernesto Delgado Cidranes","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-c5-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-c5-072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85117714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-16DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-C7-079
pAnnette Verpillotp
{"title":"The context-dependence of neuro-immune interplay","authors":"pAnnette Verpillotp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-C7-079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-C7-079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81533011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-C10-088
pShlomi Hanassyp
{"title":"Introduction to octopus arm motor control neuro-biology and biomimetics","authors":"pShlomi Hanassyp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-C10-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-C10-088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86704251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-c10-089
M. Moreanu, M. Cozma, A. Sandu
Statement of the Problem: Meningiomas are benign extra-axial tumors, originating from the meningeal arachnoidal cells, making up 20% of the intracranial primary tumors. Surgical management of meningiomas is one of the most challenging procedures posing a high risk of affecting the critical neurovascular centers of the brain. Our study attempts to identify the way paraclinical brain investigations coupled with a well-established surgical procedure lead to an efficient and strategic treatment of meningioma, starting with a case of a 50-year-old woman. Case presentation: The clinical background of the patient included frontal headaches, rare epileptic crises, and sudden dizziness. In addition to the MRI which presented a homogenous irregular expanding tumor process in the frontal-orbital left space, several other investigations such as Digital Angiography and Computed Tomography were performed. The treatment was mainly focused on the neurosurgical intervention, having several purposes: rejecting the meningioma, establishing the anatomopathological diagnosis and developing the therapeutic plan. The surgical approach involved a step-by-step incision, tumor fragmentation and Simpson 2 excision. The final result was favourable – the patient regained her balance. Conclusion & Significance: Getting a better understanding of the neurosurgical steps of treating meningiomas will lead to finding strategies that will improve the patient's treatment and his quality of life.
{"title":"Establishing the proper approach to an effective surgical treatment for the Meningioma","authors":"M. Moreanu, M. Cozma, A. Sandu","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-c10-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-c10-089","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the Problem: Meningiomas are benign extra-axial tumors, originating from the meningeal arachnoidal cells, making up 20% of the intracranial primary tumors. Surgical management of meningiomas is one of the most challenging procedures posing a high risk of affecting the critical neurovascular centers of the brain. Our study attempts to identify the way paraclinical brain investigations coupled with a well-established surgical procedure lead to an efficient and strategic treatment of meningioma, starting with a case of a 50-year-old woman. Case presentation: The clinical background of the patient included frontal headaches, rare epileptic crises, and sudden dizziness. In addition to the MRI which presented a homogenous irregular expanding tumor process in the frontal-orbital left space, several other investigations such as Digital Angiography and Computed Tomography were performed. The treatment was mainly focused on the neurosurgical intervention, having several purposes: rejecting the meningioma, establishing the anatomopathological diagnosis and developing the therapeutic plan. The surgical approach involved a step-by-step incision, tumor fragmentation and Simpson 2 excision. The final result was favourable – the patient regained her balance. Conclusion & Significance: Getting a better understanding of the neurosurgical steps of treating meningiomas will lead to finding strategies that will improve the patient's treatment and his quality of life.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73663064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-C9-085
pSamantha Wattp
{"title":"Advancements of Cannabinoid Research and Delivery Systems","authors":"pSamantha Wattp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-C9-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-C9-085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88816076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-c12-095
pMichelle G Syp
{"title":"Leigh syndrome in a Filipino child: A case report","authors":"pMichelle G Syp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-c12-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-c12-095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80327659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-05DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000474
Chad T. Andicochea, A. K. Ramsey, John R. Martin
Objective: Elevated aggression and poor intelligence scores occur in children with BLLs (Blood Lead Levels) lower than 10 μg/dL while Pb-exposed cats show increased aggressive behavior with BLLs of 10 μg/dL. This increased aggression in cats may be associated with the development of hyper-spiny neurons observed in the motor cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of kittens with BLLs<1.2 μg/dL. These results suggest that lead ingestion by kittens might result in learning and behavioral deficits similar to those observed in lead-burdened children. Methods: To test this, kittens were treated (20 mg/kg/day, lead acetate or distil water via esophageal intubation) from Postnatal Day (PND) 1 to 7. At 8 and 10 weeks of age, the kittens were tested in a reversal T-maze, an open-field, and a free-fall test. Results: 8 weeks old Pb-treated kittens showed a delay in learning as demonstrated by a significant higher number of Incorrect Arm Choices (IACs) in the T-maze that returned to control levels in 10 weeks old kittens. No differences occurred between the two groups at 8 and 10 weeks of age in the open-field or free-fall tests. Conclusion: The impairment in the reversal T-maze suggests a Pb-induced delay in learning, which compares favourably with current understanding of delayed learning in Pb-poisoned children.
{"title":"Effect of Exposure to Lead Acetate on Neurobehavior and Learning in the Kitten","authors":"Chad T. Andicochea, A. K. Ramsey, John R. Martin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562.1000474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562.1000474","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Elevated aggression and poor intelligence scores occur in children with BLLs (Blood Lead Levels) lower than 10 μg/dL while Pb-exposed cats show increased aggressive behavior with BLLs of 10 μg/dL. This increased aggression in cats may be associated with the development of hyper-spiny neurons observed in the motor cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of kittens with BLLs<1.2 μg/dL. These results suggest that lead ingestion by kittens might result in learning and behavioral deficits similar to those observed in lead-burdened children. \u0000Methods: To test this, kittens were treated (20 mg/kg/day, lead acetate or distil water via esophageal intubation) from Postnatal Day (PND) 1 to 7. At 8 and 10 weeks of age, the kittens were tested in a reversal T-maze, an open-field, and a free-fall test. \u0000Results: 8 weeks old Pb-treated kittens showed a delay in learning as demonstrated by a significant higher number of Incorrect Arm Choices (IACs) in the T-maze that returned to control levels in 10 weeks old kittens. No differences occurred between the two groups at 8 and 10 weeks of age in the open-field or free-fall tests. \u0000Conclusion: The impairment in the reversal T-maze suggests a Pb-induced delay in learning, which compares favourably with current understanding of delayed learning in Pb-poisoned children.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-26DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-c5-074
O. J. Jeremiah
Efficient pattern separation in dentate gyrus plays an important role in storing information in the hippocampus. Current knowledge of the structure and function of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, in pattern separation are incorporated in our model. A three-layer feedforward spiking neural network inspired by the rodent hippocampus an equipped with simplified synaptic and molecular mechanisms is developed. The aim of the study is to make an spiking neural network capable of pattern separation in imbalanced excitation/inhibition ratios caused by different levels of stimulations or network damage. This work present a novel theory on the cellular mechanisms of robustness to damges to synapses and connectivity of neurons in dentate gyrus that results in imbalanced excitation-inhibition activity of neurons. This spiking neural network uses simplified molecular and cellular hypothetical mechanisms and demonstrates efficient storing of information in different levels of stimulation and can be implemented in cognitive robotics.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle- and dietary- related adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"O. J. Jeremiah","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-c5-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-c5-074","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient pattern separation in dentate gyrus plays an important role in storing information in the hippocampus. Current knowledge of the structure and function of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, in pattern separation are incorporated in our model. A three-layer feedforward spiking neural network inspired by the rodent hippocampus an equipped with simplified synaptic and molecular mechanisms is developed. The aim of the study is to make an spiking neural network capable of pattern separation in imbalanced excitation/inhibition ratios caused by different levels of stimulations or network damage. This work present a novel theory on the cellular mechanisms of robustness to damges to synapses and connectivity of neurons in dentate gyrus that results in imbalanced excitation-inhibition activity of neurons. This spiking neural network uses simplified molecular and cellular hypothetical mechanisms and demonstrates efficient storing of information in different levels of stimulation and can be implemented in cognitive robotics.","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85576479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562-C4-070
pAvathvadi Venkatesan Srinivasanp
{"title":"Emergencies in movement disorders - An update","authors":"pAvathvadi Venkatesan Srinivasanp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9562-C4-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9562-C4-070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16455,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81175070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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