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An electrophysiological diagram: Components in diabetic cardiomyopathy Its Care 电生理图:糖尿病性心肌病的成分及其护理
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.512
K. Reddy
There's a developing body of prove that Diabetes Mellitus leads to a particular cardiomyopathy separated from vascular malady and bring almost tall dreariness and mortality all through the world. Later clinical and exploratory thinks about have broadly illustrated that this cardiomyopathy causes disabled cardiac execution showed by early diastolic and late systolic brokenness. This impeded cardiac execution most likely have risen upon the expression and movement of administrative proteins such as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, ryanodine receptor and phospholamban. Inorganic components have been recommended to have anti-diabetic impacts due to their recommended capacity to control glucose homeostasis, decrease oxidative stretch or smother phosphatases.
越来越多的证据表明,糖尿病是一种不同于血管疾病的特殊的心肌病,并在全世界范围内带来几乎很高的发病率和死亡率。后来的临床和探索性思考广泛表明,这种心肌病导致心脏执行功能障碍,表现为舒张期早期和收缩期晚期的破裂。这种阻碍心脏执行很可能是由管理蛋白的表达和运动引起的,如Na+/Ca2+交换器,肌浆网Ca2+- atp酶,ryanodine受体和磷蛋白。无机成分被认为具有抗糖尿病作用,因为它们具有控制葡萄糖稳态、减少氧化拉伸或抑制磷酸酶的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Axons & There Function 轴突和那里的功能
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.536
Xing Gros
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引用次数: 0
Sex contrasts in neuro(auto)immunity and inveterate sciatic nerve torment 神经(自身)免疫和根深蒂固的坐骨神经折磨的性别对比
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.519
K. Shivani
Incessant torment happens with more noteworthy recurrence in ladies, with a parallel sexually dimorphic slant detailed in sufferers of numerous immune system infections. There's a ought to proceed looking at neuro-immuneendocrine crosstalk within the setting of sexual dimorphisms in persistent torment. A few wonders in specific ought to be advance investigated. In patients, autoantibodies to neural antigens have been related with tangible pathway hyper-excitability, and the part of self-antigens discharged by harmed nerves remains to be characterized. In expansion, particular safe cells discharge pro-nociceptive cytokines that specifically impact neural terminating, whereas T lymphocytes actuated by particular antigens discharge variables that either back nerve repair or compound the harm. Tweaking particular safe cell populaces might hence be a implies to advance nerve recuperation, with sex-specific results. Understanding natural sex contrasts that keep up, or come up short to preserve, neuroimmune homeostasis may educate the determination of sex-specific treatment regimens, progressing inveterate torment administration by rebalancing neuroimmune input. To move forward the quality of life for numerous patients who adapt day by day with torment, fitting disease-modifying methodologies that look at organic hazard components, such as age, hereditary qualities, and sex, got to be all around executed. Usually particularly relevant, given that the physiological frameworks that are annoyed in a state of determined torment include complex systems, counting the anxious and safe frameworks, endocrine input, and the vasculature. In arrange to altogether move forward wellbeing results, not as it were for torment but too for a extend of conditions, a developing agreement is that organic sex contrasts must be tended to, over logical disciplines. A all encompassing see will give an made strides understanding of how torment creates and gets to be constant, and how men and ladies react in an unexpected way to nociceptive signaling as well as to medications pointed at controling signals that ended up distorted.
持续的折磨发生在女性身上,更值得注意的是复发,在许多免疫系统感染的患者身上详细描述了类似的两性二态倾斜。我们应该继续研究神经-免疫-内分泌的相互作用在两性异形持续折磨的背景下。具体地说,有几个奇事应当事先加以考察。在患者中,针对神经抗原的自身抗体与有形通路的超兴奋性有关,受损神经排出的自身抗原部分仍有待研究。在扩张过程中,特定的安全细胞释放出特异性影响神经终止的前伤害性细胞因子,而由特定抗原驱动的T淋巴细胞释放出的变量要么会阻碍神经修复,要么会加重伤害。因此,调整特定的安全细胞群可能是促进神经恢复的一种暗示,具有性别特异性的结果。了解维持或不足以维持神经免疫稳态的自然性别差异,可以指导确定性别特异性治疗方案,通过重新平衡神经免疫输入来改善根深蒂固的折磨管理。为了提高无数患者的生活质量,他们每天都在忍受折磨,必须全面实施调整疾病的方法,这些方法着眼于有机危害成分,如年龄、遗传品质和性别。通常特别相关,考虑到在确定的折磨状态下被激怒的生理框架包括复杂的系统,包括焦虑和安全框架,内分泌输入和脉管系统。为了全面推进幸福结果,不是为了折磨,而是为了扩大条件,一个正在形成的共识是,必须倾向于有机的性别对比,而不是逻辑学科。一个全方位的展览将使我们对痛苦是如何产生和持续的,以及男人和女人是如何以一种意想不到的方式对伤害性信号做出反应,以及对指向控制信号的药物做出反应,这些信号最终被扭曲了。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of Diabetic Neuritis 糖尿病性神经炎的流行病学
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.544
Cennet Alper
Diabetic polyneuropathy is the most common neuropathy in developed countries. Prevalence is a function of disease duration, and a reasonable figure, based upon several large studies, is that approximately 50 percent of patients with diabetes will eventually develop neuropathy[1]. Epidemiologic studies of diabetic neuropathy have provided heterogeneous results, owing to different patient populations, definitions of neuropathy used, and methods of assessments. Prediabetes is also associated with neuropathy.11 In the San Luis Valley cohort,12 the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes was 25.8%, as compared to 11.2% in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 3.9% in control subjects. The Monitoring trends and determinants in CArdiovascular/Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (MONICA/KORA)13 investigators found the prevalence of neuropathic pain to be 13.3% in patients with diabetes versus 8.7%, 4.2%, and 1.2% in subjects with IGT, impaired fasting glucose, and controls, respectively.
糖尿病多发神经病变是发达国家最常见的神经病变。患病率是疾病持续时间的函数,根据几项大型研究,一个合理的数字是,大约50%的糖尿病患者最终会发展为神经病变[1]。由于不同的患者群体、不同的神经病变定义和不同的评估方法,糖尿病神经病变的流行病学研究提供了不同的结果。前驱糖尿病也与神经病变有关在圣路易斯谷队列中,糖尿病患者周围神经病变的患病率为25.8%,而糖耐量受损(IGT)患者为11.2%,对照组为3.9%。奥格斯堡地区心血管/合作研究的监测趋势和决定因素(MONICA/KORA)13名研究人员发现,糖尿病患者的神经性疼痛患病率为13.3%,而IGT、空腹血糖受损和对照组的患病率分别为8.7%、4.2%和1.2%。
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引用次数: 0
A 63 Year Old Male with Atypical Presentation of Viral Meningitis 一位63岁男性,表现不典型的病毒性脑膜炎
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.546
Allen M. Quirit
Viral meningitis usually present with headache, fever and signs of meningeal irritation in immunocompetent adult. Nuchal rigidity and profound alteration of consciousness usually present. Viral meningitis may remain a diagnostic enigma without molecular techniques. Rapid molecular assays are the great advancement for the diagnosis of difficult to grow pathogens such as viruses and thus can become a big tool in antimicrobial stewardship. We presented a case of B.E a 63 years old male, worked as engineer came in with chief complaint of fever, intermittent for four days. No other associated symptoms noted such as headache, blurring and body weakness. After 3 days of hospitalization, still with intermittent fever without any associated complaints. On succeeding days of admission, patient developed sudden generalized body weakness and photophobia. All laboratory exam such as CT scan, electrolytes and complete blood count revealed normal. Vital signs and Physical examination were unremarkable. Lumbar puncture was done on 6th hospital day due to classic symptoms of meningitis such as photophobia and headache. The diagnosis was concluded as viral meningitis based on clinical presentation and CSF fluid analysis. Phadebac was requested after CSF analysis and no microorganisms were isolated. Patient was managed accordingly with acyclovir, steroids and mannitol. The neurologist and infectious disease specialist signed out the case as viral meningitis with conclusive laboratory result.
病毒性脑膜炎通常表现为头痛,发烧和脑膜刺激的迹象在免疫正常的成年人。通常表现为颈部僵硬和意识的深刻改变。如果没有分子技术,病毒性脑膜炎可能仍然是一个诊断谜。快速分子分析是诊断病毒等难以生长的病原体的巨大进步,因此可以成为抗菌药物管理的重要工具。我们报告一例b.e.患者,63岁男性,工程师,以发烧为主诉,间歇性发烧4天。没有其他相关症状,如头痛,模糊和身体虚弱。住院3天后,仍有间歇性发热,无相关症状。入院后数日,患者突然出现全身无力和畏光。所有实验室检查如CT扫描,电解质和全血细胞计数显示正常。生命体征及体格检查无明显异常。因畏光、头痛等典型脑膜炎症状,于住院第6天行腰椎穿刺。根据临床表现和脑脊液分析,诊断为病毒性脑膜炎。CSF分析后要求Phadebac,未分离到微生物。患者给予阿昔洛韦、类固醇和甘露醇治疗。神经学家和传染病专家根据实验室的结论性结果将该病例列为病毒性脑膜炎。
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引用次数: 0
Causes and Management of Rett Syndrome Rett综合征的病因和治疗
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.542
Karl Hauns
Rett condition (RTT) is a hereditary problem that regularly gets evident following 6–year and a half old enough in females. Manifestations remember disabilities for language and coordination and tedious movements.Those influenced frequently have more slow development, trouble strolling, and a more modest head size. Inconveniences of Rett condition can incorporate seizures, scoliosis, and dozing issues. The seriousness of the condition is variable[1]. Hereditarily, Rett condition (RTT) is brought about by transformations in the quality MECP2 situated on the X chromosome (which is engaged with transcriptional quieting and epigenetic guideline of methylated DNA), and can emerge inconsistently or from germline changes. In under 10% of RTT cases, transformations in the qualities CDKL5 or FOXG1 have additionally been found to take after it.[medical reference needed] Rett disorder is at first analyzed by clinical perception, yet the analysis is authoritative when there is a hereditary imperfection in the MECP2 quality.
Rett条件(RTT)是一种遗传性问题,通常在6岁半的女性中变得明显。表现记得语言、协调和繁琐动作的障碍。受影响的人通常发育较慢,行走困难,头部大小较小。Rett条件的不便包括癫痫发作,脊柱侧凸和打瞌睡问题。病情的严重程度不一[1]。遗传上,Rett条件(RTT)是由位于X染色体上的MECP2质量的转化(参与转录沉默和甲基化DNA的表观遗传指导)引起的,并且可以不一致地或从种系变化中出现。在不到10%的RTT病例中,CDKL5或FOXG1的性状也发生了转化。[医学参考需要]Rett病最初是通过临床感知来分析,但当MECP2质量存在遗传缺陷时,分析才具有权威性。
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引用次数: 0
A Short note on Neonatal Brain Harm 关于新生儿脑损伤的简短说明
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.531
Hatada Birgit
Fetal/neonatal brain harm is an vital cause of neurological incapacity. Hypoxia-ischemia and excitotoxicity are considered critical insuperable, and, in show disdain toward of their intense nature, brain harm creates over an extended time period amid the essential, auxiliary, and tertiary stages. The concept that most of the damage creates with a delay after the offended makes it conceivable to supply compelling neuroprotective treatment after the offended. Undoubtedly, hypothermia connected inside 6 hours after birth in neonatal encephalopathy decreases neurological incapacity in clinical trials. In arrange to create the following generation of treatment, we ought to know more around the pathophysiological instrument amid the auxiliary and tertiary stages of harm.
胎儿/新生儿脑损伤是神经功能丧失的重要原因。缺氧缺血和兴奋性毒性被认为是严重的不可克服的,并且,在对其强烈性质的蔑视中,脑损伤在基本阶段,辅助阶段和第三阶段的较长时间内产生。大多数损害是在被冒犯后延迟产生的,这一概念使得在被冒犯后提供令人信服的神经保护治疗成为可能。毫无疑问,在临床试验中,新生儿脑病患者在出生后6小时内进行低温治疗可以减少神经功能丧失。为了创造下一代的治疗方法,我们应该更多地了解在辅助和三级伤害阶段的病理生理工具。
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引用次数: 0
Expectation as a Compassionate and Business Commitment from Human Cognitive Neuroscience 期望是人类认知神经科学的一种同情心和商业承诺
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.21.12.526
Powell Beth
Neuroimaging has incredibly upgraded the cognitive neuroscience understanding of the human brain and its variety over people (neurodiversity) in both wellbeing and infection. Such advance has not however, in any case, impelled changes in instructive or therapeutic hones that make strides people’s lives. We audit neuroimaging discoveries in which introductory brain measures (neuromarkers) are related with or anticipate future (1) instruction, learning, and execution in children and grown-ups; (2) culpability; (3) health-related behaviors; and (4) reactions to pharmacological or behavioral medicines. Neuromarkers regularly give way better expectations (neuroprognosis), alone or in combination with other measures, than conventional behavioral measures.
神经成像已经令人难以置信地升级了认知神经科学对人类大脑的理解,以及它在健康和感染方面的多样性(神经多样性)。然而,无论如何,这种进步并没有推动教育或治疗方面的变化,使人们的生活大步迈进。我们审核了一些神经影像学发现,其中介绍性脑测量(神经标记物)与儿童和成人的未来(1)教学、学习和执行相关或预测相关;(2)责任;(3)健康相关行为;(4)对药理或行为药物的反应。与传统的行为测量相比,单独或与其他测量相结合,神经标记物通常会给出更好的预期(神经预后)。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebrospinal Fluid & Its Structure 脑脊液及其结构
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.20.12.522
J. Moro
The CSF is created by particular ependymal cells within the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and retained within the arachnoid granulations. There's around 125 mL of CSF at any one time, and approximately 500 mL is created each day. CSF acts as a pad or buffer, providing basic mechanical and immunological security to the brain interior the cranium. CSF too serves a imperative work within the cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood stream.
脑脊液是由脑室脉络膜丛内特定的室管膜细胞产生的,并保留在蛛网膜颗粒中。每次大约有125毫升的脑脊液,每天大约产生500毫升。脑脊液作为衬垫或缓冲液,为颅骨内部的大脑提供基本的机械和免疫安全。脑脊液在脑血流的自动调节中也起着重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Oligodendrocytes, Composition & Function 少突胶质细胞,组成与功能
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2155-9562.20.12.525
P. Vasudev
Oligodendrocytes (from Greek 'cells with many branches'), or oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose fundamental capacities are to supply back and cover to axons within the central anxious framework of a few vertebrates, proportionate to the work performed by Schwann cells within the fringe anxious framework. Oligodendrocytes do this by making the myelin sheath. A single oligodendrocyte can amplify its forms to 50 axons, wrapping roughly 1 μm of myelin sheath around each axon; Schwann cells, on the other hand, can wrap around as it were one axon. Each oligodendrocyte shapes one fragment of myelin for a few adjoining axons. Oligodendrocytes were These
少突胶质细胞(来自希腊语“有许多分支的细胞”),或少突胶质细胞,是一种神经胶质细胞,其基本能力是在一些脊椎动物的中央焦虑框架内向轴突提供支持和覆盖,与边缘焦虑框架内的雪旺细胞的工作成比例。少突胶质细胞通过制造髓鞘来完成这一过程。单个少突胶质细胞可扩增到50个轴突,每个轴突周围包裹约1 μm的髓鞘;另一方面,雪旺细胞可以像一个轴突一样缠绕在一起。每个少突胶质细胞为几个相邻的轴突形成一个髓磷脂片段。少突胶质细胞如下
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology
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