Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30493
D. Gupta, KM Anita Kafle, A. Das, S. Neupane, A. Ghimire, B. Yadav, Y. Chaudhari, N. Karki, A. Yadav
The corrosion inhibition properties of methanol extract of Jatropha curcas (JC) were investigated for mild steel (MS) in acidic medium using weight loss and potentiodynamic methods. Corrosion inhibition of MS in 1M H2SO4 was studied in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas barks. The results showed an increase in corrosion inhibition with increasing concentration of the extract. The inhibition efficiency of 1000 ppm JC extract from the weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were approximately 92.0% after 24 hours immersion in the acidic solution. Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the JC extract acts as a mixedtype inhibitor.
{"title":"Study of Jatropha Curcas Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Medium on Mild Steel by Weight Loss and Potentiodynamic Methods","authors":"D. Gupta, KM Anita Kafle, A. Das, S. Neupane, A. Ghimire, B. Yadav, Y. Chaudhari, N. Karki, A. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30493","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion inhibition properties of methanol extract of Jatropha curcas (JC) were investigated for mild steel (MS) in acidic medium using weight loss and potentiodynamic methods. Corrosion inhibition of MS in 1M H2SO4 was studied in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas barks. The results showed an increase in corrosion inhibition with increasing concentration of the extract. The inhibition efficiency of 1000 ppm JC extract from the weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were approximately 92.0% after 24 hours immersion in the acidic solution. Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the JC extract acts as a mixedtype inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"386 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80779867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30489
Prakash Magrati, D. Subedi, D. Pokharel, J. Bhattarai
Effects of eco-friendly inorganic inhibitors (i.e., calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tetra-borate or borax) for the mild steel corrosion control in 1 M HNO3 solution open to air at 28±1 °C were studied using corrosion, inhibition efficiency, and corrosion potential tests. The corrosion rate of the mild steel is increased with increasing the concentrations of HNO3 solution from 0.01 M to 1 M. The uses of 200-2400 ppm of these inhibitors enhanced the corrosion resistance properties of the mild steel in 1 M HNO3 solution. The corrosion resistance property of the mild steel is generally decreased with increasing the concentration of all corrosion inhibitors used here. The most efficient corrosion inhibitor is found to be calcium nitrate and it is followed by zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and borax subsequently. Adsorption of these inorganic salts inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Consequently, the corrosion inhibition mechanism of the four inorganic salts for the mild steel corrosion control can be explained based on the formation of the passive film. It is found from the corrosion potential measurement that the cathodic type of corrosion inhibition action was by calcium nitrate, whereas zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and borax are acted as a mixed type of the inhibitors in 1 M HNO3 solution. In summary, all four inorganic inhibitors utilized in the present study can be applied as an environmentally friendly inhibitor to control the corrosion of the mild steel in aggressive HNO3 solutions.
通过腐蚀、缓蚀效率和腐蚀电位测试，研究了生态友好型无机缓蚀剂(即硝酸钙、硫酸锌、六偏磷酸钠、四硼酸钠或硼砂)在28±1℃空气中1 M HNO3溶液中对低碳钢的腐蚀控制效果。在0.01 M ~ 1 M的HNO3溶液中，随着HNO3溶液浓度的增加，低碳钢的腐蚀速度加快，在200 ~ 2400 ppm的HNO3溶液中，这些缓蚀剂的使用提高了低碳钢的耐蚀性能。随着所用缓蚀剂浓度的增加，低碳钢的耐腐蚀性能一般会降低。发现最有效的缓蚀剂是硝酸钙，其次是硫酸锌、六偏磷酸钠和硼砂。这些无机盐抑制剂在低碳钢表面的吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温线。因此，从钝化膜的形成可以解释四种无机盐对低碳钢的缓蚀机理。从腐蚀电位测量中发现，在1 M HNO3溶液中，硝酸钙的缓蚀作用为阴极型，硫酸锌、六偏磷酸钠和硼砂的缓蚀作用为混合型。综上所述，本研究中使用的四种无机缓蚀剂都可以作为环境友好型缓蚀剂用于控制低碳钢在腐蚀性HNO3溶液中的腐蚀。
{"title":"Appraisal of Different Inorganic Inhibitors Action on the Corrosion Control Mechanism of Mild Steel in HNO3 Solution","authors":"Prakash Magrati, D. Subedi, D. Pokharel, J. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30489","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of eco-friendly inorganic inhibitors (i.e., calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tetra-borate or borax) for the mild steel corrosion control in 1 M HNO3 solution open to air at 28±1 °C were studied using corrosion, inhibition efficiency, and corrosion potential tests. The corrosion rate of the mild steel is increased with increasing the concentrations of HNO3 solution from 0.01 M to 1 M. The uses of 200-2400 ppm of these inhibitors enhanced the corrosion resistance properties of the mild steel in 1 M HNO3 solution. The corrosion resistance property of the mild steel is generally decreased with increasing the concentration of all corrosion inhibitors used here. The most efficient corrosion inhibitor is found to be calcium nitrate and it is followed by zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and borax subsequently. Adsorption of these inorganic salts inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Consequently, the corrosion inhibition mechanism of the four inorganic salts for the mild steel corrosion control can be explained based on the formation of the passive film. It is found from the corrosion potential measurement that the cathodic type of corrosion inhibition action was by calcium nitrate, whereas zinc sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and borax are acted as a mixed type of the inhibitors in 1 M HNO3 solution. In summary, all four inorganic inhibitors utilized in the present study can be applied as an environmentally friendly inhibitor to control the corrosion of the mild steel in aggressive HNO3 solutions.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89168460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30487
S. Pradhan, K. Adhikari, Saroj Nepal, B. Pandey
Plant extracts contain active ingredients that can absorb, reflect or scatter the sunlight, depending on their nature. The effectiveness of plant extracts as a skin protective agent can be determined by measuring the sun protection factor (SPF). The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of selected medicinal plant extracts as a component in sunscreen production in modern cosmetics. The absolute methanol extract of six medicinal plants namely; Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia pacumbis, Melia azedarach, Murraya koenigii, Pleurospermum benthamii, and Thymus linearis were examined in-vitro for their sun protective ability by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method with the application of Mansur equation. Our results revealed that most of the plant extracts possess prodigious SPF values as compared with commercial sunscreen. The greatest SPF value was found in P. benthamii (34.97±0.25), T. linearis (24.98±0.60), and B. pacumbis (24.02±0.15). These results show that these plant extracts can act as a very good antisolar agent.
{"title":"Determination of Sun Protective Factor of Selected Medicinal Plants from Western Nepal","authors":"S. Pradhan, K. Adhikari, Saroj Nepal, B. Pandey","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30487","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts contain active ingredients that can absorb, reflect or scatter the sunlight, depending on their nature. The effectiveness of plant extracts as a skin protective agent can be determined by measuring the sun protection factor (SPF). The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of selected medicinal plant extracts as a component in sunscreen production in modern cosmetics. The absolute methanol extract of six medicinal plants namely; Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia pacumbis, Melia azedarach, Murraya koenigii, Pleurospermum benthamii, and Thymus linearis were examined in-vitro for their sun protective ability by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method with the application of Mansur equation. Our results revealed that most of the plant extracts possess prodigious SPF values as compared with commercial sunscreen. The greatest SPF value was found in P. benthamii (34.97±0.25), T. linearis (24.98±0.60), and B. pacumbis (24.02±0.15). These results show that these plant extracts can act as a very good antisolar agent.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"116 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79620885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30492
S. Shrestha, Nibedita Chaudhary, R. Sah, Neera Malakar
Piperine is the most important alkaloid present in the black pepper. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method proposed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was optimized and validated for quantitative determination of piperine in black pepper. The method was successfully validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and measurement uncertainty. The validated method was used for the analysis of nine black pepper samples collected from the local supermarket of Kathmandu. The piperine content of the samples collected from various areas of Kathmandu, Nepal were found in the range of 2.33 % to 3.34% with an average of 2.75 % and a standard deviation of 0.31%. This simple, precise, and accurate method can be used for routine analysis of piperine content in black pepper for quality control purposes.
{"title":"Analysis of Piperine in Black Pepper by High Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"S. Shrestha, Nibedita Chaudhary, R. Sah, Neera Malakar","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30492","url":null,"abstract":"Piperine is the most important alkaloid present in the black pepper. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method proposed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was optimized and validated for quantitative determination of piperine in black pepper. The method was successfully validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and measurement uncertainty. The validated method was used for the analysis of nine black pepper samples collected from the local supermarket of Kathmandu. The piperine content of the samples collected from various areas of Kathmandu, Nepal were found in the range of 2.33 % to 3.34% with an average of 2.75 % and a standard deviation of 0.31%. This simple, precise, and accurate method can be used for routine analysis of piperine content in black pepper for quality control purposes.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87174700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30488
B. R. Poudel, R. Aryal, Lokjan Bahadur Khadka, K. N. Ghimire, H. Paudyal, M. R. Pokhrel
Aluminum loaded saponified mango waste i.e. Al(III)–SMW adsorbent, which functions as anion exchanger, was developed by loading Al(III) onto lime treated Mango waste biomass. The characterization of adsorbent was done by an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and chemical analysis techniques. Elemental analysis showed an exchange of Ca(II) or K (I) from SMW with Al(III) during loading reaction via cation exchange mechanism. Phosphate adsorption is strongly pH-dependent and maximum adsorption occurs at pH around 7-9. The maximum uptake capacity of Al(III)–SMW for phosphate was found to be 3.28 mg/g from the Langmuir isotherm model. The residual concentration of phosphate was sharply decreased by increasing the amount of Al(III)–SMW and reached less than 0.07 mg/L (from 9.7 mg/L) with the use of only 6 g/L of Al(III)–SMW whereas higher than 7 g/L successfully removed 100% of phosphate from water. The adsorbed phosphate was successfully desorbed and the adsorbent was regenerated using dilute alkali solution. Therefore, the Al(III)–SMW adsorbent investigated in this research work is expected to be a potential material for the treatment of water polluted with a trace amount of phosphate from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Development of Biomass-Based Anion Exchanger for the Removal of Trace Concentration of Phosphate from Water","authors":"B. R. Poudel, R. Aryal, Lokjan Bahadur Khadka, K. N. Ghimire, H. Paudyal, M. R. Pokhrel","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30488","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum loaded saponified mango waste i.e. Al(III)–SMW adsorbent, which functions as anion exchanger, was developed by loading Al(III) onto lime treated Mango waste biomass. The characterization of adsorbent was done by an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and chemical analysis techniques. Elemental analysis showed an exchange of Ca(II) or K (I) from SMW with Al(III) during loading reaction via cation exchange mechanism. Phosphate adsorption is strongly pH-dependent and maximum adsorption occurs at pH around 7-9. The maximum uptake capacity of Al(III)–SMW for phosphate was found to be 3.28 mg/g from the Langmuir isotherm model. The residual concentration of phosphate was sharply decreased by increasing the amount of Al(III)–SMW and reached less than 0.07 mg/L (from 9.7 mg/L) with the use of only 6 g/L of Al(III)–SMW whereas higher than 7 g/L successfully removed 100% of phosphate from water. The adsorbed phosphate was successfully desorbed and the adsorbent was regenerated using dilute alkali solution. Therefore, the Al(III)–SMW adsorbent investigated in this research work is expected to be a potential material for the treatment of water polluted with a trace amount of phosphate from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75150836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30448
S. K. Gautam, Bibek Sapkota, Arun Bhujel, Sitaram Bhattarai
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using 0.1M and 0.3M [Zn(NO3)2.6H2O] and Na2CO3 solutions. The particle size and band gap of ZnO nanoparticles were estimated and effect of concentration on it was investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD result revealed that synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have pure hexagonal wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 27.0 nm to 29.9 nm estimated by using Debye-Scherrer’s equation. The TEM image also projected the average particle size in the range of 20-30 nm and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) further verified the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The FTIR result showed a broad absorption band related to Zn-O vibration band. The UV-visible absorption showed a red shift in the absorption edge with increasing concentration of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O solution. The sizes and band gaps of ZnO nanoparticles increased and decreased, respectively with increasing concentration of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O solution from 0.1M to 0.3M.
{"title":"Estimation of Particle Size and Band Gap of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized by Chemical Precipitation Method","authors":"S. K. Gautam, Bibek Sapkota, Arun Bhujel, Sitaram Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30448","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using 0.1M and 0.3M [Zn(NO3)2.6H2O] and Na2CO3 solutions. The particle size and band gap of ZnO nanoparticles were estimated and effect of concentration on it was investigated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD result revealed that synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have pure hexagonal wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 27.0 nm to 29.9 nm estimated by using Debye-Scherrer’s equation. The TEM image also projected the average particle size in the range of 20-30 nm and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) further verified the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The FTIR result showed a broad absorption band related to Zn-O vibration band. The UV-visible absorption showed a red shift in the absorption edge with increasing concentration of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O solution. The sizes and band gaps of ZnO nanoparticles increased and decreased, respectively with increasing concentration of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O solution from 0.1M to 0.3M.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89396044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30370
I. Otuokere, U. Robert
Benzylpenicillin, also known as (3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic, is a common bactericidal antibiotic of the betalactamin family which is mostly used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacterial strains and few gram-negative bacterial strains. Cr (III) complex of benzylpenicillin was synthesized by the reaction of benzylpenicillin with CrCl3.6H2O. The structure of the complex was confirmed through elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, FT-IR, electronic spectra, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The physical properties such as solubility, color and melting point were also determined for both the ligand and the complex. The complex has a deep green color. Both the ligand and the complex are ionic (236.0 and 126.0 Sm2.mol-1). From the spectroscopic result, the ligand behaved as a pentadentate ligand coordinating to the metal ion through OH, NH, C=O of amide, carboxylate& β-lactam. A trigonal bipyramidal geometry has been proposed for the metal complex. The prepared complex was evaluated in vitro for its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter fetus). The metal complex showed enhanced antibacterial activity as compared to the uncomplexed ligand.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies of (3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid-Cr (III) Complex","authors":"I. Otuokere, U. Robert","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30370","url":null,"abstract":"Benzylpenicillin, also known as (3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic, is a common bactericidal antibiotic of the betalactamin family which is mostly used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacterial strains and few gram-negative bacterial strains. Cr (III) complex of benzylpenicillin was synthesized by the reaction of benzylpenicillin with CrCl3.6H2O. The structure of the complex was confirmed through elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, FT-IR, electronic spectra, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The physical properties such as solubility, color and melting point were also determined for both the ligand and the complex. The complex has a deep green color. Both the ligand and the complex are ionic (236.0 and 126.0 Sm2.mol-1). From the spectroscopic result, the ligand behaved as a pentadentate ligand coordinating to the metal ion through OH, NH, C=O of amide, carboxylate& β-lactam. A trigonal bipyramidal geometry has been proposed for the metal complex. The prepared complex was evaluated in vitro for its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter fetus). The metal complex showed enhanced antibacterial activity as compared to the uncomplexed ligand.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82924385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30371
R. Gyawali, A. Ghimire, Apeksha Khatiwada, Prakshit Niraula, U. Sharma, Roshan Thapa
Anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties of Lactuca sativa L extract was evaluated by formalin induced mice paw edema test, and elevated plus maze animal model respectively. Solid microspheres containing dispersed extract were obtained by water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system followed by solvent evaporation method. Optimization was carried out using Minitab 16 and optimized microspheres were loaded into a gel base. Anti-oxidant activity of optimized microspheres loaded gel was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The gel was also evaluated for its physical properties, drug release kinetics and antiinflammatory activity using formalin induced mice-paw edema test where the anti-inflammatory potential was compared to marketed diclofenac gel (1.16% w/w). All doses of extract as well as microsphere loaded sustained release anti-inflammatory gel showed a dose and time dependent inhibition of edema (P<0.05), the extract also showed a dose dependent inhibition of level of anxiety (P<0.001). Potential anti-oxidant activity was seen with different concentration of crude extract and microsphere loaded gel. The anti-oxidant potential was compared using IC50 value which was 5.62 μg/mL, 6.34 μg/mL, 8.25 μg/mL for ascorbic acid, methanolic extract of L. sativa and microspheres loaded gel respectively.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Property of Lactuca sativa L and Formulation of Microspheres Loaded Sustained Release Anti-inflammatory Gel","authors":"R. Gyawali, A. Ghimire, Apeksha Khatiwada, Prakshit Niraula, U. Sharma, Roshan Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30371","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties of Lactuca sativa L extract was evaluated by formalin induced mice paw edema test, and elevated plus maze animal model respectively. Solid microspheres containing dispersed extract were obtained by water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system followed by solvent evaporation method. Optimization was carried out using Minitab 16 and optimized microspheres were loaded into a gel base. Anti-oxidant activity of optimized microspheres loaded gel was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The gel was also evaluated for its physical properties, drug release kinetics and antiinflammatory activity using formalin induced mice-paw edema test where the anti-inflammatory potential was compared to marketed diclofenac gel (1.16% w/w). All doses of extract as well as microsphere loaded sustained release anti-inflammatory gel showed a dose and time dependent inhibition of edema (P<0.05), the extract also showed a dose dependent inhibition of level of anxiety (P<0.001). Potential anti-oxidant activity was seen with different concentration of crude extract and microsphere loaded gel. The anti-oxidant potential was compared using IC50 value which was 5.62 μg/mL, 6.34 μg/mL, 8.25 μg/mL for ascorbic acid, methanolic extract of L. sativa and microspheres loaded gel respectively.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87823975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30373
Kishor Devkota, G. Pathak, B. Shakya
Triazole ring system has attracted a continuously growing interest of synthetic organic chemists and those dealing with the medicinal compounds due to its versatile potential to interact with biological systems. Schiff bases are also considered as one of the most biologically active compounds. The aim of the present study was to synthesize new Schiff bases bearing triazole nucleus and to assess their antimicrobial activities. Four new Schiff base derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione were synthesized by combining two different pharmacophores viz. triazole nucleus and Schiff base moiety and were characterized by spectral techniques (UV, FT-IR, and NMR). The Schiff bases were evaluated for antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and antifungal (Candida albicans) activities. The synthesized compounds exhibited good to moderate activities against different strains of bacteria and fungi tested.
{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Schiff Bases of 4-Amino-5-(chlorine substituted phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione as Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"Kishor Devkota, G. Pathak, B. Shakya","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30373","url":null,"abstract":"Triazole ring system has attracted a continuously growing interest of synthetic organic chemists and those dealing with the medicinal compounds due to its versatile potential to interact with biological systems. Schiff bases are also considered as one of the most biologically active compounds. The aim of the present study was to synthesize new Schiff bases bearing triazole nucleus and to assess their antimicrobial activities. Four new Schiff base derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione were synthesized by combining two different pharmacophores viz. triazole nucleus and Schiff base moiety and were characterized by spectral techniques (UV, FT-IR, and NMR). The Schiff bases were evaluated for antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and antifungal (Candida albicans) activities. The synthesized compounds exhibited good to moderate activities against different strains of bacteria and fungi tested.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"2006 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30374
S. Aryal, Sunita Shrestha, Anil Devkota, N. L. Bhandari, R. N. Jha
Present study evaluates the bio-constituents and bioactivity of extract from roots and stems of Withania somnifera (Aswagandha) of Nepalese origin. The phytochemical screening of methanol and n-hexane extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinone, carbohydrates, resins, xanthoprotein etc. The FTIR analysis helped to confirm the functional groups of various medicinally important compounds. The DPPH percentage radical scavenging activity of methanolic and hexane extracts are found to be 3.587 ± 0.004, and 4.484 ± 0.003 μg/mL respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant goes after the number of total phenolics and flavonoids present on it. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of more than 14 different compounds in the extract. Moreover, the methanol and hexane extract of plant showed 25.8% and 12.9% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity respectively. The results of the study revealed the medicinal values and pharmacological significance of the plant.
{"title":"FTIR, GC-MS Analysis and Bioactivity Studies of Withania somnifera L. of Nepalese Origin","authors":"S. Aryal, Sunita Shrestha, Anil Devkota, N. L. Bhandari, R. N. Jha","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30374","url":null,"abstract":"Present study evaluates the bio-constituents and bioactivity of extract from roots and stems of Withania somnifera (Aswagandha) of Nepalese origin. The phytochemical screening of methanol and n-hexane extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinone, carbohydrates, resins, xanthoprotein etc. The FTIR analysis helped to confirm the functional groups of various medicinally important compounds. The DPPH percentage radical scavenging activity of methanolic and hexane extracts are found to be 3.587 ± 0.004, and 4.484 ± 0.003 μg/mL respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant goes after the number of total phenolics and flavonoids present on it. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of more than 14 different compounds in the extract. Moreover, the methanol and hexane extract of plant showed 25.8% and 12.9% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity respectively. The results of the study revealed the medicinal values and pharmacological significance of the plant.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80306220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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