Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v38i0.27786
R. Kharel, K. Sharma
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{"title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination of some selected medicinal plants from Kavre District of Nepal","authors":"R. Kharel, K. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v38i0.27786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v38i0.27786","url":null,"abstract":"Available with fulltext.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80970820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27270
A. Adhikari, S. Bhandari, D. Pandey
Equiseum arvense L. is a bushy perennial herb commonly called field horsetail distributed in the northern part of Nepal and used against curing muscle and bone pain and other many diseases. This research work was performed to analyze the possible cause of the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Out of four different fractions, dichloromethane (DCM ) fraction showed the presence of compounds on TLC and was subjected to column chromatography to isolate and identify pure compounds. D2 and D20 fractions eluted from column gave single and distinguished spots so that these fractions were subjected to gas chromatography analysis. The GC analysis of the pure fraction D2 obtained from column revealed the presence of a major compound major compounds camphor (92.53%) and other minor compounds; (+)-2-Bornanone, Camphor, Carvone<(z)-, dihydro->, Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)- and GC report from D20 fraction showed two compounds; Salicylate and Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)-. The major compounds camphor (92.53%) and methyl salicylate (66.87%) have been reported being potent anti-inflammatory activity and their synergetic effect is more prominent for the same.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Compounds Camphor and Methylsalicylate from Traditionally Used Pain Curing Plant Equisetum arvense L.","authors":"A. Adhikari, S. Bhandari, D. Pandey","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27270","url":null,"abstract":"Equiseum arvense L. is a bushy perennial herb commonly called field horsetail distributed in the northern part of Nepal and used against curing muscle and bone pain and other many diseases. This research work was performed to analyze the possible cause of the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Out of four different fractions, dichloromethane (DCM ) fraction showed the presence of compounds on TLC and was subjected to column chromatography to isolate and identify pure compounds. D2 and D20 fractions eluted from column gave single and distinguished spots so that these fractions were subjected to gas chromatography analysis. The GC analysis of the pure fraction D2 obtained from column revealed the presence of a major compound major compounds camphor (92.53%) and other minor compounds; (+)-2-Bornanone, Camphor, Carvone<(z)-, dihydro->, Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)- and GC report from D20 fraction showed two compounds; Salicylate and Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)-. The major compounds camphor (92.53%) and methyl salicylate (66.87%) have been reported being potent anti-inflammatory activity and their synergetic effect is more prominent for the same. ","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79520646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27285
Bimal Kumar Raut, Khim Prasad Panthi
Nanotechnology is the most emerging field in the area of different scientific research. Various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles are available. The wet chemical synthesis method is applicable in the extraction of silica nanoparticles from Rice Husk Ash (RHA). Rice husk is a form of waste product from the rice milling industries which is produced in an abundance amount in and around the country. Rice husk which is generally left on the field as a waste contains 60% silica content and can be economically viable raw materials for the extraction of silica [1-2]. Initially, Rice husk was burnt to obtain its ash. Then, a simple bottom-up approach, the sol-gel method was applied, and fine powder silica in the nanoscopic range was extracted. After extraction of it, internal arrangement and average particle size were recognized by XRD while molecular components and structure present in silica were identified by FTIR. The obtained silica was then used in making of ceramics matrix nanocomposites (particularly silica-sand cement block), and its mechanical properties were identified by compressive strength test using Instron testing machine which was found to be increased in comparing with the compressive strength of ceramics composite (Sand cement block) prepared in the same ratio and same size of mold as that of ceramics matrix nanocomposites. The ceramics matrix nanocomposites acquiring higher mechanical strength than Ceramics composite occurred due to the incorporation of Silica nanoparticles.
{"title":"Extraction of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Study of Its Application in Making Composites","authors":"Bimal Kumar Raut, Khim Prasad Panthi","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27285","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is the most emerging field in the area of different scientific research. Various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles are available. The wet chemical synthesis method is applicable in the extraction of silica nanoparticles from Rice Husk Ash (RHA). Rice husk is a form of waste product from the rice milling industries which is produced in an abundance amount in and around the country. Rice husk which is generally left on the field as a waste contains 60% silica content and can be economically viable raw materials for the extraction of silica [1-2]. Initially, Rice husk was burnt to obtain its ash. Then, a simple bottom-up approach, the sol-gel method was applied, and fine powder silica in the nanoscopic range was extracted. After extraction of it, internal arrangement and average particle size were recognized by XRD while molecular components and structure present in silica were identified by FTIR. The obtained silica was then used in making of ceramics matrix nanocomposites (particularly silica-sand cement block), and its mechanical properties were identified by compressive strength test using Instron testing machine which was found to be increased in comparing with the compressive strength of ceramics composite (Sand cement block) prepared in the same ratio and same size of mold as that of ceramics matrix nanocomposites. The ceramics matrix nanocomposites acquiring higher mechanical strength than Ceramics composite occurred due to the incorporation of Silica nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85035077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27273
Deepak Basyal, N. L. Bhandari
Hypericum cordifolium is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of the menstrual disorder, backache, dislocation of bone, fever, diarrhea and dysentery due to the presence of potential bioactive secondary metabolites. Ethanolic extract of dried leaf powder was prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening with different reagents. In-vitro cytotoxicity assay was screened by using brine shrimp bioassay and LC50 was calculated by probit analysis. Alkaloids, glycosides, amino acids, and fixed oils were present at very minute level whereas saponin, phenol and flavonoids were present at significant level. Cytotoxicity assay of the leaf extract showed significant results (p<0.05).LC50 of 273 ppm, which was less than 1000 ppm, showing that the plant is toxic. The study revealed that the plant possessed medicinal values, which could justify the ethno-medicinal importance scientifically. This research has pointed out further possibilities of works to be done on this virgin plant creating the opportunity for scientific researches to give birth of potent lead molecules.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Hypericum cordifolium (choisy) Leaves","authors":"Deepak Basyal, N. L. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27273","url":null,"abstract":"Hypericum cordifolium is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of the menstrual disorder, backache, dislocation of bone, fever, diarrhea and dysentery due to the presence of potential bioactive secondary metabolites. Ethanolic extract of dried leaf powder was prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening with different reagents. In-vitro cytotoxicity assay was screened by using brine shrimp bioassay and LC50 was calculated by probit analysis. Alkaloids, glycosides, amino acids, and fixed oils were present at very minute level whereas saponin, phenol and flavonoids were present at significant level. Cytotoxicity assay of the leaf extract showed significant results (p<0.05).LC50 of 273 ppm, which was less than 1000 ppm, showing that the plant is toxic. The study revealed that the plant possessed medicinal values, which could justify the ethno-medicinal importance scientifically. This research has pointed out further possibilities of works to be done on this virgin plant creating the opportunity for scientific researches to give birth of potent lead molecules.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85261465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27274
B. Thapa, D. Gupta, A. Yadav
The bark extract of Euphorbia royleana as a green corrosion inhibitor was studied in 1M HCl using weightloss method and potential measurement. The results show that the bark extract of Euphorbia royleana is an effective anti-corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic media. The corrosion rate decreases with the time of immersion. Weight loss experiment shows that the loss in weight decreases with the time of immersion and inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of extract. It was observed that maximum inhibition efficiency is 99.60% in 100% concentration of extract. Potential measurement study shows that bark extracts act as a mixed type of inhibitor i.e. inhibits both anodically as well as cathodically.
{"title":"Corrosion Inhibition of Bark Extract of Euphorbia royleana on Mild Steel in 1M HCl","authors":"B. Thapa, D. Gupta, A. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27274","url":null,"abstract":"The bark extract of Euphorbia royleana as a green corrosion inhibitor was studied in 1M HCl using weightloss method and potential measurement. The results show that the bark extract of Euphorbia royleana is an effective anti-corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic media. The corrosion rate decreases with the time of immersion. Weight loss experiment shows that the loss in weight decreases with the time of immersion and inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of extract. It was observed that maximum inhibition efficiency is 99.60% in 100% concentration of extract. Potential measurement study shows that bark extracts act as a mixed type of inhibitor i.e. inhibits both anodically as well as cathodically.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91534721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27282
M. Jha, D. Shah, K. Dhital, L. R. Bhatta, S. Joshi, R. K. Sharma, H. Pant
Membrane development encompasses wide range of technology areas including process and product design, materials engineering, chemical engineering, as well as interaction phenomenon. Advances in membrane technology can solve most of the global concerns related to water, air, energy, healthcare and global warming. In this study, a simple electrospinning technique was applied to prepare composite nanofibers from Nylon-6 and polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend solutions. The effect of PEO on the morphology of the fiber was investigated. It was observed that the addition of PEO in the Nylon-6 solution resulted in the formation of ultrafine nanofibers along with main the fiber, which can be considered as a spider-net-like morphology. The nano/sub-nano arrangement of the fiber resembling a three-dimensional (3D) spider-net structure enhances the mechanical strength of the resulting nanofibers as compared to the pristine Nylon-6 nanofibers.
{"title":"Electrospun Spider-net Structured Nanofibers Membrane from Homogeneous Solution of Nylon-6 and Poly (Ethylene oxide)","authors":"M. Jha, D. Shah, K. Dhital, L. R. Bhatta, S. Joshi, R. K. Sharma, H. Pant","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27282","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane development encompasses wide range of technology areas including process and product design, materials engineering, chemical engineering, as well as interaction phenomenon. Advances in membrane technology can solve most of the global concerns related to water, air, energy, healthcare and global warming. In this study, a simple electrospinning technique was applied to prepare composite nanofibers from Nylon-6 and polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend solutions. The effect of PEO on the morphology of the fiber was investigated. It was observed that the addition of PEO in the Nylon-6 solution resulted in the formation of ultrafine nanofibers along with main the fiber, which can be considered as a spider-net-like morphology. The nano/sub-nano arrangement of the fiber resembling a three-dimensional (3D) spider-net structure enhances the mechanical strength of the resulting nanofibers as compared to the pristine Nylon-6 nanofibers.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27286
B. Bhandari, Bhadra Prasad Pokheral
Ceramic materials display a wide range of properties that facilitate their use in many different product areas. Currently, there has been keen interest in the field of ceramic materials due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. Barium Stannate Titanate (BST) is a binary solid solution system composed of ferroelectric Barium titanate and non-ferroelectric barium titanate. In this study, the phase transition behavior of (Ba1-xSnx) TiO3 (x = 0.5) (BST) ceramics was obtained by the dry-route method. The previous studies were based on Sn2+ on the Ti site with varying values of x. The powders after calcination are compacted in the form of pellets using a hydraulic press at an optimized load above 70 KN. The experimental density of our sample measured by liquid displacement method with glycerin was lower than theoretical density, giving the shape is highly dense with low porosity. The structure shows that on increasing the Sn2+ content volume decreases due to the size of Sn2+, which is smaller than that of Ba2+, in comparison to BaTiO3. As the demand of lead-free environment-friendly sensor is increasing, thus obtained BST has great applications as a sensor material in modern electronic devices.
{"title":"Dielectric Phase Transition Behaviour Study of Dry Route Derived (BA0.5 SN0.5) TIO3 Ceramics","authors":"B. Bhandari, Bhadra Prasad Pokheral","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27286","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic materials display a wide range of properties that facilitate their use in many different product areas. Currently, there has been keen interest in the field of ceramic materials due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. Barium Stannate Titanate (BST) is a binary solid solution system composed of ferroelectric Barium titanate and non-ferroelectric barium titanate. In this study, the phase transition behavior of (Ba1-xSnx) TiO3 (x = 0.5) (BST) ceramics was obtained by the dry-route method. The previous studies were based on Sn2+ on the Ti site with varying values of x. The powders after calcination are compacted in the form of pellets using a hydraulic press at an optimized load above 70 KN. The experimental density of our sample measured by liquid displacement method with glycerin was lower than theoretical density, giving the shape is highly dense with low porosity. The structure shows that on increasing the Sn2+ content volume decreases due to the size of Sn2+, which is smaller than that of Ba2+, in comparison to BaTiO3. As the demand of lead-free environment-friendly sensor is increasing, thus obtained BST has great applications as a sensor material in modern electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72691060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27283
Shanta Pokhrel, L. Rai
Starch is a renewable, biodegradable and low-cost natural biopolymer with high availability. Starch was extracted from Solanum tuberosum (potatoes) and its preliminary properties were studied. The structure of extracted starch was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of starch-based biodegradable blends, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by using glycerol as a plasticizer and citric acid as a cross-linking agent, through solution casting method and their biodegradable properties were studied. The structure of the blend was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The morphology of starch shows the potato starch has oval or ellipsoid in the structure having a size of 20-35 µm. The compatibility of the two components can be improved by the hydroxyl group present on both starch and PVA. As compared to pure polyvinyl, the melting point of the blend was decreased. The blends were found degradable within a weak.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Starch-Based Biodegradable Polymer with Polyvinyl Alcohol","authors":"Shanta Pokhrel, L. Rai","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27283","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is a renewable, biodegradable and low-cost natural biopolymer with high availability. Starch was extracted from Solanum tuberosum (potatoes) and its preliminary properties were studied. The structure of extracted starch was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of starch-based biodegradable blends, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by using glycerol as a plasticizer and citric acid as a cross-linking agent, through solution casting method and their biodegradable properties were studied. The structure of the blend was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The morphology of starch shows the potato starch has oval or ellipsoid in the structure having a size of 20-35 µm. The compatibility of the two components can be improved by the hydroxyl group present on both starch and PVA. As compared to pure polyvinyl, the melting point of the blend was decreased. The blends were found degradable within a weak.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74774355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27275
Ishwor Pathak, Muna Niraula
Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as Tulasi in Nepal, is a pharmacologically important plant due to its active constituents. In this work, extraction was carried out in hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents and their phytochemical screening was performed. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the plant were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method respectively. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins and steroids are mainly found in the extracts. Based on the result obtained, the plant posses a significant amount of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in methanol extract, followed by chloroform and hexane extract. Antioxidant activity of the extracts as ascorbic acid standard (IC50 value = 41.34 µg/mL) was in the order of methanol extract (IC50 value = 47.73 µg/mL) > chloroform extract (IC50 value = 79.46 µg/mL) > hexane extract (IC50 value = 94.68 µg/mL). The extent of the antioxidant activity of the plant is following the number of total phenolics and flavonoids present in it.
{"title":"Assessment of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn","authors":"Ishwor Pathak, Muna Niraula","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27275","url":null,"abstract":"Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as Tulasi in Nepal, is a pharmacologically important plant due to its active constituents. In this work, extraction was carried out in hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents and their phytochemical screening was performed. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the plant were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method respectively. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins and steroids are mainly found in the extracts. Based on the result obtained, the plant posses a significant amount of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in methanol extract, followed by chloroform and hexane extract. Antioxidant activity of the extracts as ascorbic acid standard (IC50 value = 41.34 µg/mL) was in the order of methanol extract (IC50 value = 47.73 µg/mL) > chloroform extract (IC50 value = 79.46 µg/mL) > hexane extract (IC50 value = 94.68 µg/mL). The extent of the antioxidant activity of the plant is following the number of total phenolics and flavonoids present in it.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27276
M. Adhikari, Madhav Neupane, M. Kafle
Water quality parameterization is a great concern because chemical contaminants and microbiological impurities including pathogenic bacteria may pose a health risk and unfit for its domestic use. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, chlorine demand, turbidity, and ammonia were measured to characterize the water quality of the Bagmati River. The effect of tributaries on Bagmati River was determined by sampling water from five different sites such as Pashupati (B-1), Shankhamul (B-2), Kupondol (B-1), Balkhu (B-4), and Jalbinayek (B-5) sites. The water samples B-2, B-3, B-4 and B-5 were less turbid but black in color while water sample B-1 was more turbid but grey in color. The pH of water samples ranged from 6.7 to 7.3. The alkalinity, conductivity and chlorine demand were 60 ppm, 95.7 µs and, 5.44 ppm, respectively for B-1 sample and increased almost continuously from B-2 to B-5 sample. The alkalinity was 360 ppm, conductivity was 862 µs and chlorine demand was 23.7 ppm for the last sample (B-5). The concentration of ammonia in the B-1 sample was only 0.0625 ppm whereas it was 3.32 ppm in the B-5 sample. The enhancement of chlorine demand and concentration of ammonia attributed that tributary and local effluent loaded extremely high levels of pollutants into the Bagmati River which might include pathogenic microorganisms. The random chance of some parameters like pH, conductivity, ammonia, turbidity along the Bagmati River indicates the impacts of different tributaries on Bagmati River. The chorine demand showed a positive correlation with conductivity, alkalinity and ammonia while the negative correlation with turbidity. This revealed that the conductive alkaline pollutants consumed more chlorine than colloidal particles. From the study it is considered that the Bagmati River water contains natural as well as anthropogenic pollutants which is extremely hazardous not only to the people using river water but also for the living organism rely on the river.
{"title":"Physico-chemical Parameterization and Determination of Effect of Tributaries on Enhancement of Pollutants in Bagmati River","authors":"M. Adhikari, Madhav Neupane, M. Kafle","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v40i0.27276","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality parameterization is a great concern because chemical contaminants and microbiological impurities including pathogenic bacteria may pose a health risk and unfit for its domestic use. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, chlorine demand, turbidity, and ammonia were measured to characterize the water quality of the Bagmati River. The effect of tributaries on Bagmati River was determined by sampling water from five different sites such as Pashupati (B-1), Shankhamul (B-2), Kupondol (B-1), Balkhu (B-4), and Jalbinayek (B-5) sites. The water samples B-2, B-3, B-4 and B-5 were less turbid but black in color while water sample B-1 was more turbid but grey in color. The pH of water samples ranged from 6.7 to 7.3. The alkalinity, conductivity and chlorine demand were 60 ppm, 95.7 µs and, 5.44 ppm, respectively for B-1 sample and increased almost continuously from B-2 to B-5 sample. The alkalinity was 360 ppm, conductivity was 862 µs and chlorine demand was 23.7 ppm for the last sample (B-5). The concentration of ammonia in the B-1 sample was only 0.0625 ppm whereas it was 3.32 ppm in the B-5 sample. The enhancement of chlorine demand and concentration of ammonia attributed that tributary and local effluent loaded extremely high levels of pollutants into the Bagmati River which might include pathogenic microorganisms. The random chance of some parameters like pH, conductivity, ammonia, turbidity along the Bagmati River indicates the impacts of different tributaries on Bagmati River. The chorine demand showed a positive correlation with conductivity, alkalinity and ammonia while the negative correlation with turbidity. This revealed that the conductive alkaline pollutants consumed more chlorine than colloidal particles. From the study it is considered that the Bagmati River water contains natural as well as anthropogenic pollutants which is extremely hazardous not only to the people using river water but also for the living organism rely on the river. ","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87590326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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