Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base最新文献

Background The outcomes in pituitary surgery have dramatically changed over the past 130 years. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches are now an accepted method for operating on pituitary tumors, a skillset which takes time to develop. The Australian health care framework provides a unique mixture of public and private care for a geographically dispersed population. In this article, we aim to examine how outcomes for patients in South Australia changed as endoscopic pituitary surgery was adopted and how the Australian health care framework influenced the development of a skull base team.

Methods The case notes of all patients undergoing pituitary surgery between 2006 and 2020 in South Australia. All patients treated by this author group were included.

Results A total of 428 pituitary adenomas were surgically treated. Overall, 182 out of 249 patients (70%) had a complete resection with no recurrence at follow-up, and 49 patients (19%) had a residual that was observed and did not require treatment. Therefore, 89% of patients between the years 2006 and 2020 did not require any further treatment following their pituitary surgery. Upon examination of the 142 patients with functional adenomas, 112 (79%) patients had no recurrence in hormonal dysfunction following surgery, and the remaining 30 (21%) patients required further treatment.

Conclusion We have demonstrated that acceptable outcomes can be achieved in a low-to-moderate volume setting across multiple hospitals when a coordinated effort is made to consolidate these cases within a small group of subspeciality-trained surgeons, as opposed to a more generalist approach.

Objective The use of online teaching modalities to supplement surgical learning has increased recently, demonstrating promising results. Previous studies have analyzed the value and usefulness of YouTube as an educational source to learners, including teaching surgical skills to Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) trainees. YouTube videos on endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) still need to be explored as ESS remains a common, yet challenging surgery that OHNS residents encounter regularly. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the usefulness of YouTube videos on ESS for surgical education.

Design YouTube was searched using the following keywords: “uncinectomy,” “maxillary antrostomy,” “anterior ethmoidectomy,” and “ethmoid bulla resection.” These represent the initial ESS steps residents learn. Each video was assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers.

Outcome Measures The LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational Guidelines (LAP-VEGaS) and ESS-specific criteria were used to assess educational quality. Video popularity index (VPI) was used to calculate video popularity.

Results Of the 38 videos that met inclusion criteria, the average LAP-VEGaS score was 6.59 (± ) 3.23 standard deviation. Most videos were designated low quality. There was a weak positive correlation between whether a video included ESS-specific criteria and LAP-VEGaS score (r = 0.269, p = 0.102). There was a significant positive correlation between VPI and LAP-VEGaS scores (r = 0.497, p = 0.003).

Conclusions Overall, the quality of included videos was poor. OHNS residents should not rely solely or primarily on YouTube videos to learn surgical skills relevant to ESS. To maximize potential of online teaching, high-quality videos should be used to compliment other methods of teaching.

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRS) occur due to a skull base defect and are important to treat due to the associated morbidity, e.g., life-threatening meningitis. Nontraumatic CSF leaks have a predilection toward obesity which is a rising phenomenon. LRS is notoriously difficult to access because of its lateral location and its associated neurovascular complications. An alternative surgical corridor has been explored which is the transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approach.

Objective To compare the success rate of the endoscopic endonasal with the TONES approaches.

Rationale This is the first systematic review on the endoscopic endonasal and combined transorbital approaches to treat CSF leaks from the LRS.

Method A PRISMA-concordant systematic review. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were searched. The studies underwent abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers. The data collected included patient demographic, surgical approach, reconstruction method, layers and materials, follow-up period, ROBINS-I bias, complications, and success rate.

Results In total, 26 of 4,385 studies were included for further synthesis. Of these studies, a total of 336 patients were identified from a cohort of 910 patients. The endoscopic endonasal approach showed a repair success rate of 95.24% and the combined TONES and endonasal approach showed a success rate of 100%.

Conclusion Both the endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approach provide a good success rate. However, due to the small TONES sample, large, randomized control trials are needed.

Introduction Giant meningiomas invading the cavernous sinus (GMICSs) are a subgroup of challenging tumors due to their volume and the extent of neurological impairment. Preserving quality of life is one of the most relevant aspects of treating patients with GMICS.

Methods A retrospective study was conducted for surgeries performed between 2012 and 2022, including 33 patients presenting meningiomas with the largest diameter of at least 5 cm invading the cavernous sinus. The data from surgical intervention, Simpson grade of resection, tumor location, and morbimortality related to the surgeries were reviewed.

Results The group comprised 25 women and 8 men with a median age of 56 years. The mean follow-up period was 52 months. The tumors were in the sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid, spheno-orbital, spheno-petroclival, petroclival, and Meckel's cave. Simpson grade I, II, and III were obtained in 70% of cases. The meningiomas were classified as WHO grade 1 in 94%, grade 2 in 3%, and grade 3 in 3%. The overall mortality was 3%. Permanent cranial nerve deficits occurred in 21%, transient cranial nerve deficits in 42%, cerebrospinal fistula in 15%, and hemiparesis in 18%. The recurrence/regrowth rate was 6%. The Karnofsky Performance Status score of 100 and 90 was 82%.

Conclusions The surgical treatment of GMICS is an effective treatment modality with acceptable morbimortality and good long-term control. Involvement of the internal carotid artery is essential to determine the extent of resection inside the cavernous sinus, and training in the microsurgical laboratory is mandatory for safe surgical treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779888.].

Background SDHx variant carriers have an increased risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma. The Dutch guidelines state that these patients require lifelong follow-up, but no clear recommendation is made about the frequency of screening.

Objective To determine the annual risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma in SDHx variant carriers after a negative initial screening.

Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study in the Netherlands that included 49 SDHA, SDHB, and SDHD variant carriers with a negative first screening and at least one follow-up. The main outcome measure was the annual risk of developing a paraganglioma for the SDHx variants separately.

Results Between 2000 and 2022, nine patients developed a paraganglioma all of whom were carriers of a SDHD variant (n = 23). Neither the 24 SDHB-related cases nor the 2 SDHA variant carriers developed a paraganglioma after a median of 4.83 and 5.92 years of follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion The 5-year risk for head and neck paragangliomas in pathological SDHx variant carriers is less than 20%. A 5-year interval for screening SDHx carriers seems sufficient to prevent the unnoticed development of head and neck paragangliomas that warrant treatment.

Introduction Endonasal odontoidectomy (EO) is a procedure for addressing compressive pathology of the craniovertebral junction. While EO has been well established in adults, its complications and cervical fusion practices are less understood in pediatric patients, despite differences in sinonasal and craniocervical anatomy. This study summarizes and compares EO complications and need for cervical fusion in pediatric and adult patients.

Methods This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies reporting complications post-EO in adult and pediatric patients. Complications were categorized as neurologic, swallowing, or respiratory. Complication and posterior fusion rates were compared using a random-effects model.

Results A total of 738 articles were identified, of which 28 studies including 307 adult cases and 22 pediatric cases met inclusion criteria for systematic qualitative and quantitative review. The rates for adult and pediatric cases, respectively, were: respiratory complications 13.4 versus 9.1%, swallowing complications 12.1 versus 4.5%, neurologic complications 8.5 versus 9.1%, and cervical fusion rates 73.3 versus 86.4%. Across eight studies qualifying for meta-analysis, there were no differences in cervical fusion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.1, 2.1]), respiratory complications (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: [0.8, 14.5]), or swallowing complications (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: [0.5, 26.0]); however, pediatric patients had a higher rate of neurologic complications (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: [1.1, 25.0]).

Conclusion In EO, rates of aerodigestive complications and cervical fusion are similar in both populations. There may be an increased risk of neurologic complications in pediatric patients, although more high-quality studies are needed.

Purpose To assess the feasibility and safety of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) advanced navigation for optimizing intra-arterial chemotherapy infusion (IACI) in patients with skull base tumors.

Materials and Methods Retrospective review on 10 consecutive IACI procedures performed in five patients (four women, 1 man) over a 1-year period. The median age of the patients was 71 years (interquartile range: 34–74). During the procedures, a CBCT-based navigation software was employed to evaluate tumor perfusion and guide the infusion methods. Catheterization of the primary tumor feeding vessel was performed in seven cases when it originated from the external carotid artery, whereas a temporary balloon-assisted occlusion technique was utilized in the remaining three cases where the tumor was primarily fed by the internal carotid artery. Carboplatin, topotecan, and melphalan were injected over a 10-minute period. Fluoroscopy time, reference dose, and Kerma area product, which estimates effective dose, were analyzed.

Results The technical success rate was 100%, with a median procedure length of 82 minutes (79–90). The median fluoroscopy time was 11.3 minutes (9.4–16.9), reference dose was 93.5 mGy (62–256.5), and Kerma area product was 11.6 Gy.cm² (9.5–25.4). The median effective dose was 3.8 mSv (1.5–5.1). The median follow-up duration was 233.5 days (186.3–432). One severe adverse event was reported, involving a right brachial hematoma and brachiocephalic artery dissection related to catheterization through a type III aortic arch. Three patients exhibited disease progression, but two patients showed stable disease.

Conclusion IACI for skull base tumors guided by CBCT navigation is both feasible and safe.

Objective The purpose of this study is to report the technical procedure and our experience using a polydioxanone suture (PDS) plate with dural substitute as part of a fully resorbable gasket seal technique to repair anterior skull base defects.

Methods A series of patients undergoing anterior skull base reconstruction utilizing our resorbable gasket seal technique from January 2014 to July 2022 was reviewed.

Results A total of 155 patients were included. Nine (5.8%) of the included patients developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks requiring reoperation. There were no cases of intraoperative cranial nerve injury or internal carotid artery injury. A total of 103 (66.5%) patients were observed to have an intraoperative CSF leak, including 57 low-flow leaks and 46 high-flow leaks; 1 of 57 (1.8%) patients with low-flow leaks and 8 of 46 (17.4%) patients with high-flow leaks developed a postoperative CSF leak. During the first 3 years that this technique was utilized at our center for the management of high-flow intraoperative CSF leaks, postoperative CSF leaks were documented in 4 of 12 (33.3%) patients, in comparison to 4 of 34 (11.8%) in the following years.

Conclusion PDS plate reconstruction confers several advantages and can be used in a diverse set of operative scenarios in conjunction with other reconstruction options. There appeared to be an associated learning curve as surgeons at our center gained experience with this new technique. Our findings show that the PDS plate reconstruction is safe and effective in repairing the skull base.