Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002
Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard
Objective
To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.
Materials
A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.
Methods
The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.
Results
The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.
Conclusions
A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.
Significance
The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.
Limitations
Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.
Suggestions for further research
This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.
{"title":"Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania","authors":"Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003
André Vieira Araújo , Mário André Trindade Dantas , Alexandre Liparini , Mario Alberto Cozzuol , Lauren B. Halenar-Price , Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro , Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa , Francisco Bandeira , Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior
Objective
This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.
Materials
The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.
Methods
Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.
Results
The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.
Conclusions
The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.
Significance
This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.
Limitations
The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.
Suggestions for further research
A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"Metabolic bone disease in an extinct neotropical primate","authors":"André Vieira Araújo , Mário André Trindade Dantas , Alexandre Liparini , Mario Alberto Cozzuol , Lauren B. Halenar-Price , Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro , Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa , Francisco Bandeira , Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001
Raffaele Gaeta , Valentina Giuffra , Frank Maixner , Giacomo Aringhieri , Antonio Fornaciari
Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate potential evidence of tuberculosis in mummified remains.
Materials
The natural mummy of an anonymous friar from the mortuary chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Comiso (Sicily)
Methods
The mummy was studied through macroscopic examination; tissue sampling was conducted through breaches in the dorsal surface of the thorax. Radiological, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pulmonary parenchyma.
Results
The mummified remains are those of an adult male approximately 25–45 years old. In the left lung, 7 intra parenchymal calcified nodules were detected. The fibrocalcific nodules showed some lacunae surrounded by fibrous tissue containing amorphous necrotic, most probably caseous, material.
Conclusions
These findings are compatible with a chronic infectious-inflammatory disease, likely a calcification of a previous Ghon complex of an apical nodular tuberculosis.
Significance
Our study supports the great spread of the disease in the 19th century; a time when it reached its maximum peak in Europe.
Limitations
Molecular investigations failed to detect traces of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in the sample.
Suggestions for further research
The investigation on the mummies from Comiso is still in progress, and further analyses will potentially provide paleopathological data on this community of Modern Age which could be integrated with historical and archival sources.
{"title":"Histology of pulmonary tuberculosis in a 19th-century mummy from Comiso (Sicily, Italy)","authors":"Raffaele Gaeta , Valentina Giuffra , Frank Maixner , Giacomo Aringhieri , Antonio Fornaciari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study is to investigate potential evidence of tuberculosis in mummified remains.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The natural mummy of an anonymous friar from the mortuary chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Comiso (Sicily)</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The mummy was studied through macroscopic examination; tissue sampling was conducted through breaches in the dorsal surface of the thorax. Radiological, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pulmonary parenchyma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mummified remains are those of an adult male approximately 25–45 years old. In the left lung, 7 intra parenchymal calcified nodules were detected. The fibrocalcific nodules showed some lacunae surrounded by fibrous tissue containing amorphous necrotic, most probably caseous, material.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings are compatible with a chronic infectious-inflammatory disease, likely a calcification of a previous Ghon complex of an apical nodular tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our study supports the great spread of the disease in the 19th century; a time when it reached its maximum peak in Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Molecular investigations failed to detect traces of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> DNA in the sample.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>The investigation on the mummies from Comiso is still in progress, and further analyses will potentially provide paleopathological data on this community of Modern Age which could be integrated with historical and archival sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001
Christine Alvarez Jones
Objectives
This project is an application of the One Paleopathology approach to the study of Q fever (C. burnetii infection), a disease which is underdiagnosed and largely unknown in paleopathology.
Materials
Clinical and veterinary pathological case reports and reviews, bioarcheological and zooarchaeological data, veterinary and environmental studies of wild and domestic animal pathology, clinical molecular pathogen data
Methods
One Paleopathology approach which combines data from people, animals, and their environment to understand disease in the past.
Results
Q fever in animals presents as reproductive failure, with no typical skeletal manifestations seen in animals. Persistent Q fever (C. burnetii) focalized infection affects the human skeleton in predictable ways, including spondylodiscitis and extravertebral osteomyelitis or osteitis which can occur more commonly in children. Evidence of skeletal involvement suggests C. burnetii infection in the past is underestimated and underdiagnosed in humans.
Conclusion
Using the One Paleopathology approach can improve the study of C. burnetii infection in the past, where both animal and human paleopathology and environmental factors are assessed in developing potential diagnoses.
Significance
This project is the first paleopathological study to specifically focus awareness on identification of C. burnetii in past skeletal samples, both animal and human.
Limitations
Lack of paleopathological studies and existing reference literature identifying skeletal involvement associated with C. burnetii infection.
Suggestions for future research
Future paleopathological genomic studies should focus on identification of C. burnetii genotypes.
{"title":"Expanding the diagnostic scope of paleopathology: Identification of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) using a One Paleopathology approach","authors":"Christine Alvarez Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This project is an application of the One Paleopathology approach to the study of Q fever (<em>C. burnetii</em> infection), a disease which is underdiagnosed and largely unknown in paleopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Clinical and veterinary pathological case reports and reviews, bioarcheological and zooarchaeological data, veterinary and environmental studies of wild and domestic animal pathology, clinical molecular pathogen data</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One Paleopathology approach which combines data from people, animals, and their environment to understand disease in the past.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Q fever in animals presents as reproductive failure, with no typical skeletal manifestations seen in animals. Persistent Q fever (<em>C. burnetii</em>) focalized infection affects the human skeleton in predictable ways, including spondylodiscitis and extravertebral osteomyelitis or osteitis which can occur more commonly in children. Evidence of skeletal involvement suggests <em>C. burnetii</em> infection in the past is underestimated and underdiagnosed in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using the One Paleopathology approach can improve the study of <em>C. burnetii</em> infection in the past, where both animal and human paleopathology and environmental factors are assessed in developing potential diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This project is the first paleopathological study to specifically focus awareness on identification of <em>C. burnetii</em> in past skeletal samples, both animal and human.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Lack of paleopathological studies and existing reference literature identifying skeletal involvement associated with <em>C. burnetii</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><div>Future paleopathological genomic studies should focus on identification of <em>C. burnetii</em> genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002
Alexandra Bowers , Rebecca Gowland , Karen Hind
Objective
This study employs a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in childhood on the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood in an archaeological sample of skeletons dating from the 18th to 19th centuries.
Materials
Femora and lumbar vertebrae of 65 adults aged 18+ years (26 diagnosed with residual rickets and 39 without) from an 18th-19th century Quaker burial ground at Coach Lane, North Shields, England.
Methods
Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for the femoral neck and first four lumbar vertebrae of each individual using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner as a proxy for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk.
Results
3-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in BMD between individuals with and without residual rickets across age and sex.
Conclusions
A combination of lifestyle and environmental factors likely influenced the BMD of people buried at Coach Lane across the life course. The impact of childhood VDD on BMD later in life can be mitigated through other factors such as physical activity and diet.
Significance
This is one of the first bioarchaeological studies to take a DOHaD approach to understand osteoporosis risk in 18th-19th century England. It highlights the complexity of aetiological factors for osteoporosis and that VDD in early life does not necessarily predispose a person to osteoporosis in adulthood.
Limitations
BMD is not the only indicator of osteoporosis. Microscopic methods for the assessment of childhood vitamin D deficiency, such as inter-globular dentine analysis, were not applied.
本研究采用健康与疾病的发展起源 (DOHaD) 方法，评估童年时期维生素 D 缺乏 (VDD) 对 18-19 世纪骸骨考古样本中成年后骨质疏松症风险的影响。方法 使用双能 X 射线吸收仪 (DXA) 扫描仪测量每个人的股骨颈和前四节腰椎骨的骨矿物质密度 (BMD)，作为评估骨质疏松性骨折风险的替代方法。童年佝偻病对日后骨密度的影响可以通过体育锻炼和饮食等其他因素得到缓解。重要意义这是第一批采用 DOHaD 方法了解 18-19 世纪英格兰骨质疏松症风险的生物考古研究之一。它强调了骨质疏松症致病因素的复杂性，以及早年的VDD并不一定会导致成年后的骨质疏松症。评估儿童维生素 D 缺乏症的显微方法（如球间牙本质分析）并未应用。
{"title":"Rickets, resorption and revolution: An investigation into the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in childhood and osteoporosis in adulthood in an 18th-19th century population","authors":"Alexandra Bowers , Rebecca Gowland , Karen Hind","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study employs a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in childhood on the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood in an archaeological sample of skeletons dating from the 18th to 19th centuries.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Femora and lumbar vertebrae of 65 adults aged 18+ years (26 diagnosed with residual rickets and 39 without) from an 18th-19th century Quaker burial ground at Coach Lane, North Shields, England.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for the femoral neck and first four lumbar vertebrae of each individual using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner as a proxy for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>3-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in BMD between individuals with and without residual rickets across age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A combination of lifestyle and environmental factors likely influenced the BMD of people buried at Coach Lane across the life course. The impact of childhood VDD on BMD later in life can be mitigated through other factors such as physical activity and diet.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This is one of the first bioarchaeological studies to take a DOHaD approach to understand osteoporosis risk in 18th-19th century England. It highlights the complexity of aetiological factors for osteoporosis and that VDD in early life does not necessarily predispose a person to osteoporosis in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>BMD is not the only indicator of osteoporosis. Microscopic methods for the assessment of childhood vitamin D deficiency, such as inter-globular dentine analysis, were not applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.001
Konrad Perkowski , Magdalena Marczyńska-Stolarek , Piotr Regulski , Jacek Tomczyk
Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the diachronicity of factors that produce malocclusion from the 18th century to the present.
Materials
A total of 74 adult individuals Radom (Poland) of both sexes were examined (males: 46, females: 28).
Methods
The skulls were grouped according to the type of malocclusion found: i) anterio-posterior (skeletal Class I/II/III), ii) transverse (cross bite/scissor bite), and iii) vertical (open bite/deep bite).
Results
Normal bites were recorded in 14 % (10/74) of the study group. Malocclusion was observed in the remaining cases (64/74, 86 %). Class I was diagnosed most often (53 %), and Class III (8 %) was the least common in the study group.
Conclusions
The observed order of frequency of Angle’s Classes (I > II > III) in the population from Radom indicates malocclusion was similar to that of the contemporary population. In the population from Radom, similar to other contemporary European populations, Class II defects were found at a higher frequency than Class III defects.
Significance
The research demonstrates the diachronic nature of the factors that produce different types of malocclusion in Polish populations over the past four centuries, even if these factors cannot be identified.
Limitation
The main limitation of this research is the relatively small sample size.
Suggestions for further research
Future studies should evaluate malocclusion in older populations from Radom and other areas of Poland and Europe.
研究目的研究的目的是评估从 18 世纪至今造成错颌畸形的因素的非同步性：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：畸形头骨：男性46个；畸形头骨：女性28个：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：i）前后咬合（骨骼等级 I/II/III）；ii）横向咬合（交叉咬合/剪刀式咬合）；iii）纵向咬合（开放式咬合/深咬合）：研究组中有 14%（10/74）的人咬合正常。其余病例（64/74，86%）均为错颌畸形。在研究组中，第一类咬合不正的诊断率最高（53%），第三类咬合不正的诊断率最低（8%）：在拉多姆人群中观察到的角分级频率顺序（I > II > III）表明，错颌畸形与当代人群相似。在拉多姆的人群中，发现 II 类缺陷的频率高于 III 类缺陷，这与其他当代欧洲人群相似：研究表明，在过去四个世纪中，在波兰人口中产生不同类型错颌畸形的因素具有非同步性，即使这些因素无法确定：局限性：这项研究的主要局限性在于样本量相对较小：今后的研究应评估拉多姆以及波兰和欧洲其他地区老年人口的错颌畸形情况。
{"title":"Characteristics of dental malocclusion in a 18th/19th century population from Radom (Poland)","authors":"Konrad Perkowski , Magdalena Marczyńska-Stolarek , Piotr Regulski , Jacek Tomczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the study was to assess the diachronicity of factors that produce malocclusion from the 18th century to the present.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A total of 74 adult individuals Radom (Poland) of both sexes were examined (males: 46, females: 28).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skulls were grouped according to the type of malocclusion found: i) anterio-posterior (skeletal Class I/II/III), ii) transverse (cross bite/scissor bite), and iii) vertical (open bite/deep bite).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Normal bites were recorded in 14 % (10/74) of the study group. Malocclusion was observed in the remaining cases (64/74, 86 %). Class I was diagnosed most often (53 %), and Class III (8 %) was the least common in the study group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The observed order of frequency of Angle’s Classes (I > II > III) in the population from Radom indicates malocclusion was similar to that of the contemporary population. In the population from Radom, similar to other contemporary European populations, Class II defects were found at a higher frequency than Class III defects.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The research demonstrates the diachronic nature of the factors that produce different types of malocclusion in Polish populations over the past four centuries, even if these factors cannot be identified.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>The main limitation of this research is the relatively small sample size.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Future studies should evaluate malocclusion in older populations from Radom and other areas of Poland and Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To gain insights on possible impairment of a Middle Bronze Age individual with bilateral humerus varus buried with a sword in Northeastern Italy.
Materials
A skeleton of a 40–50-year-old male from Olmo di Nogara (Italy) compared to other males from the same necropolis and to Neolithic and Iron Age samples from Italy.
Methods
Macroscopic/X-rays analysis for pathological diagnosis and cross-sectional geometric analysis.
Results
Both humeri of the individual appear short with destruction of the humeral heads, showing severe osteoarthrosis and flattening of the scapular glenoid cavities. The individual showed appreciable humeral bilateral asymmetry; there is no evidence for sustained immobilization.
Conclusions
The pathological modifications suggest a diagnosis of bilateral humeral varism probably following an injury at birth. The individual’s life was likely not significantly affected, as evidence suggests that he remained active and possibly used weapons.
Significance
Biomechanical analyses provided a useful tool to reconstruct the life of the subject within the community, showing that this individual’s apparent upper limb abnormalities did not exempt him from a role as a warrior and highlighting the importance of the warrior identity in this Bronze Age society.
Limitations
The complex interaction between epiphyseal damage and shortening of the humerus makes it difficult to assess activity patterns. Only severe impairment leading to long-term immobilization can be excluded for this individual.
Suggestions for Further Research
Cross-sectional geometry may be used in other cases of humerus varus or bone dysplasia to investigate functional impairment.
材料一具来自意大利 Olmo di Nogara 的 40-50 岁男性骸骨，与来自同一墓地的其他男性骸骨以及意大利新石器时代和铁器时代的样本进行了比较。方法显微镜/X 射线分析进行病理诊断和横截面几何分析。结果该个体的双侧肱骨显得短小，肱骨头遭到破坏，显示出严重的骨关节病，肩胛骨盂腔变平。该患者的肱骨双侧明显不对称；没有证据表明其肱骨受到过持续固定。意义生物力学分析提供了一个有用的工具来重建该受试者在社区中的生活，表明该受试者明显的上肢畸形并没有使他摆脱战士的角色，并强调了战士身份在这个青铜时代社会中的重要性。局限肱骨骨骺损伤和肱骨缩短之间复杂的相互作用使评估活动模式变得困难。对进一步研究的建议横断面几何学可用于其他肱骨变曲或骨发育不良病例，以调查功能障碍。
{"title":"A severe case of bilateral humerus varus deformity from the Middle Bronze age necropolis of Olmo di Nogara, Northeast Italy. The contribution of biomechanical analysis to paleopathological study","authors":"Alessandro Canci , Damiano Marchi , Davide Caramella , Vitale S. Sparacello","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To gain insights on possible impairment of a Middle Bronze Age individual with bilateral humerus varus buried with a sword in Northeastern Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton of a 40–50-year-old male from Olmo di Nogara (Italy) compared to other males from the same necropolis and to Neolithic and Iron Age samples from Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Macroscopic/X-rays analysis for pathological diagnosis and cross-sectional geometric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both humeri of the individual appear short with destruction of the humeral heads, showing severe osteoarthrosis and flattening of the scapular glenoid cavities. The individual showed appreciable humeral bilateral asymmetry; there is no evidence for sustained immobilization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The pathological modifications suggest a diagnosis of bilateral humeral varism probably following an injury at birth. The individual’s life was likely not significantly affected, as evidence suggests that he remained active and possibly used weapons.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Biomechanical analyses provided a useful tool to reconstruct the life of the subject within the community, showing that this individual’s apparent upper limb abnormalities did not exempt him from a role as a warrior and highlighting the importance of the warrior identity in this Bronze Age society.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The complex interaction between epiphyseal damage and shortening of the humerus makes it difficult to assess activity patterns. Only severe impairment leading to long-term immobilization can be excluded for this individual.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>Cross-sectional geometry may be used in other cases of humerus varus or bone dysplasia to investigate functional impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724003048/pdfft?md5=fbb12b538b225ff2f1f5b34731a97835&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724003048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.003
{"title":"Supplement to the International Journal of Paleopathology. Abstracts for contributions presented at the Paleopathology Association meetings in 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.003
Rose-Ann Bigué , Isabelle Ribot , Megan B. Brickley , Bonnie Kahlon , Charlotte A. Roberts
Objective
To use the prevalence of prenatal/infancy interglobular dentine (IGD) as a proxy for suboptimal vitamin D status and explore its link to mortality, biological sex, cultural behaviours and environmental factors during the end of the pre-industrial/ beginning of the industrial period.
Materials
50 skeletons from the St. Antoine cemetery (1799–1854), Montreal, Quebec with a well-preserved first mandibular molar.
Methods
Thin sections were prepared for histological examination of IGD in crown dentine.
Results
IGD prevalence was 74 % (37/50) and not significantly correlated statistically to sex and age-at-death. Most IGD occurred at birth and up to 3 years-old, six individuals were affected in utero, 54 % of the sample (27/50) presented longstanding IGD and six individuals displayed multiple IGD episodes.
Conclusions
Prenatal IGD episodes revealed suboptimal maternal vitamin D levels, which, alongside a high frequency of IGD episodes around birth/from birth until a certain age, suggest cultural influences. Multiple and longstanding IGD episodes might also reflect suboptimal seasonal vitamin D attainment.
Significance
This study provides in-depth data on IGD within a relatively large archaeological North American sample, proving relevant to epidemiological studies on suboptimal vitamin status in 19th century Montreal.
Limitations
The total number of IGD episodes is underestimated due to methodological biases; first-generation migrants in this study could not be identified and excluded from the sample.
Suggestions for further research
Use of a larger sample with a wider age-at-death range; further research on infants and children to investigate links between growth and lesion formation and visibility.
{"title":"Heterogeneity in experiences of vitamin D deficiency in an early to mid-19th century population from Montreal, Quebec","authors":"Rose-Ann Bigué , Isabelle Ribot , Megan B. Brickley , Bonnie Kahlon , Charlotte A. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To use the prevalence of prenatal/infancy interglobular dentine (IGD) as a proxy for suboptimal vitamin D status and explore its link to mortality, biological sex, cultural behaviours and environmental factors during the end of the pre-industrial/ beginning of the industrial period.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>50 skeletons from the St. Antoine cemetery (1799–1854), Montreal, Quebec with a well-preserved first mandibular molar.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thin sections were prepared for histological examination of IGD in crown dentine.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IGD prevalence was 74 % (37/50) and not significantly correlated statistically to sex and age-at-death. Most IGD occurred at birth and up to 3 years-old, six individuals were affected <em>in utero</em>, 54 % of the sample (27/50) presented longstanding IGD and six individuals displayed multiple IGD episodes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prenatal IGD episodes revealed suboptimal maternal vitamin D levels, which, alongside a high frequency of IGD episodes around birth/from birth until a certain age, suggest cultural influences. Multiple and longstanding IGD episodes might also reflect suboptimal seasonal vitamin D attainment.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study provides in-depth data on IGD within a relatively large archaeological North American sample, proving relevant to epidemiological studies on suboptimal vitamin status in 19th century Montreal.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The total number of IGD episodes is underestimated due to methodological biases; first-generation migrants in this study could not be identified and excluded from the sample.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Use of a larger sample with a wider age-at-death range; further research on infants and children to investigate links between growth and lesion formation and visibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724003012/pdfft?md5=4e228e54e52590893ea387624e51062a&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724003012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.004
M. Harripershad , C.E.G. Theye , A.F. Ridel , L. Liebenberg
Objectives
Biological anthropologists frequently explore skeletal asymmetry, together with population health and disease. Given the conflicting findings in existing literature, this study aimed to clarify whether an association exists in a South African sample.
Materials
Dry bone and cranial micro-focus X-ray Computed Tomography (micro-XCT) scans of 115 South African individuals were assessed.
Methods
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) indices were calculated from interlandmark distances, and the frequency of four types of non-specific signs of physiological stress were documented to explore the relationship between FA and disease.
Results
Black South Africans did not exhibit a high FA index; however, they had the highest prevalence of non-specific signs of physiological stress. However, no significant correlations were detected between FA indices and pathological lesions.
Conclusion
No correlation was observed between FA and populations from different socio-economic backgrounds. However, individuals of lower socio-economic status (SES) demonstrated a greater prevalence of non-specific signs of physiological stress.
Significance
This research suggests that skeletal indicators of stress may be a suitable biological marker for assessing differences in SES among population groups, while indicating that levels of cranial FA is an inadequate biological marker.
Limitations
Possible limitations may include measurement error, and the lack of information on the life history and medical records of individuals in this sample.
Suggestions for further research
Future research should include a larger sample with more South African groups, and should evaluate the potential association among age, FA, and expression of skeletal markers of disease.
目的：生物人类学家经常研究骨骼不对称与人口健康和疾病的关系。鉴于现有文献中的研究结果相互矛盾，本研究旨在澄清在南非样本中是否存在这种关联：对 115 名南非人的干骨和头颅微焦点 X 射线计算机断层扫描（micro-XCT）进行了评估：方法：根据标记间距离计算波动不对称（FA）指数，并记录四种非特异性生理应激迹象的频率，以探讨FA与疾病之间的关系：结果：南非黑人的 FA 指数并不高，但他们的非特异性生理应激迹象发生率最高。然而，在 FA 指数和病理病变之间没有发现明显的相关性：结论：FA 指数与不同社会经济背景的人群之间没有相关性。结论：FA 指数与不同社会经济背景的人群之间未发现相关性，但社会经济地位较低的人群非特异性生理压力迹象的发生率更高：意义：这项研究表明，骨骼压力指标可能是评估不同人群社会经济地位差异的合适生物标志物，同时也表明颅骨FA水平是一个不适当的生物标志物：局限性：可能的局限性包括测量误差，以及缺乏样本中个人的生活史和医疗记录信息：未来研究应包括更多南非群体的更大样本，并应评估年龄、FA 和骨骼疾病标志物表达之间的潜在关联。
{"title":"Cranial fluctuating asymmetry and its relationship with non-specific physiological stress indicators in a contemporary South African cadaveric skeletal sample","authors":"M. Harripershad , C.E.G. Theye , A.F. Ridel , L. Liebenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Biological anthropologists frequently explore skeletal asymmetry, together with population health and disease. Given the conflicting findings in existing literature, this study aimed to clarify whether an association exists in a South African sample.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Dry bone and cranial micro-focus X-ray Computed Tomography (micro-XCT) scans of 115 South African individuals were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) indices were calculated from interlandmark distances, and the frequency of four types of non-specific signs of physiological stress were documented to explore the relationship between FA and disease.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Black South Africans did not exhibit a high FA index; however, they had the highest prevalence of non-specific signs of physiological stress. However, no significant correlations were detected between FA indices and pathological lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>No correlation was observed between FA and populations from different socio-economic backgrounds. However, individuals of lower socio-economic status (SES) demonstrated a greater prevalence of non-specific signs of physiological stress.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This research suggests that skeletal indicators of stress may be a suitable biological marker for assessing differences in SES among population groups, while indicating that levels of cranial FA is an inadequate biological marker.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Possible limitations may include measurement error, and the lack of information on the life history and medical records of individuals in this sample.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Future research should include a larger sample with more South African groups, and should evaluate the potential association among age, FA, and expression of skeletal markers of disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724003036/pdfft?md5=0afb233837cf0a4b80c9b8d0d4273a55&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724003036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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