International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献

Differential sampling for genetic analyses of Treponema pallidum and for radiocarbon dating in archaeological bone 梅毒螺旋体遗传分析和考古骨骼放射性碳定年的差异取样。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.002

Karen Giffin , Ariane Weber , Justina Kozakaitė , Ronny Friedrich , Rimantas Jankauskas , Denise Kühnert , Kirsten I. Bos

Objective

Molecular recovery of T. pallidum DNA in dry bone poses methodological challenges. Here we evaluate recovery success from a molecularly confirmed co-infection with yaws (T. pallidum pertenue) and plague (Y. pestis).

Materials

Pulverised bone from three pathological anatomical elements from individual AGU007 excavated from Aguonų street, Vilnius, Lithuania was used for DNA analysis. Three additional anatomical elements from individual AGU007 were used to obtain radiocarbon dates.

Methods

High-throughput sequencing of bulk DNA content followed by computational analysis. DNA sequencing and genomic analysis following molecular enrichment for T. pallidum. Radiocarbon dating combined with computational molecular dating.

Results

T. pallidum and Y. pestis DNA were identified in a cranial fragment from individual AGU007. Radiocarbon dates from this individual combined with another narrowed the temporal range to the latter part of the 15th century at the 2-sigma level.

Conclusions

Detection of T. pallidum DNA in multiple skeletal elements from an individual confirmed to have an active yaws infection at time of death gave further insight into preferred sampling locations for molecular detection of treponemal infections. While the highest molecular recovery came from teeth, the parietal bone provided adequate recovery.

Significance

This research indicates that sampling for molecular analysis of T. pallidum infections should include (if available) one tooth and one lesion indicative of active infection at the time of death. Accommodating radiocarbon date probability distributions and Bayesian inference has the potential to increase molecular dating precision.

Limitations

T. pallidum DNA preservation is not predictable across the skeleton.

Suggestions for Further Research

We encourage ethical and minimalist sampling strategies for further research.

目的：干骨中白僵菌DNA的分子恢复对方法学提出了挑战。在这里，我们评估分子确认的雅司病（雅司病）和鼠疫（鼠疫杆菌）合并感染的康复成功率。材料：从立陶宛维尔纽斯aguonio街出土的AGU007个体的三个病理解剖单元的粉碎骨用于DNA分析。另外三个来自AGU007个体的解剖元素被用来获得放射性碳测年。方法：对大量DNA含量进行高通量测序，然后进行计算分析。白桦尺蠖分子富集后的DNA测序和基因组分析。放射性碳测年与计算分子测年相结合。结果：在AGU007个体颅骨碎片中鉴定出苍白衣原体和鼠疫耶尔森菌DNA。这个人的放射性碳年代与另一个人的放射性碳年代结合起来，将时间范围缩小到15世纪后期的2西格玛水平。结论：在死亡时确认患有活动性雅司病感染的个体的多个骨骼部件中检测到苍白锥虫DNA，进一步了解了螺旋体感染分子检测的首选采样位置。虽然最高的分子恢复来自牙齿，但顶骨提供了足够的恢复。意义：本研究表明，白衣绦虫感染的分子分析取样应包括（如果有的话）死亡时一颗牙齿和一处指示活动性感染的病变。适应放射性碳定年概率分布和贝叶斯推理有可能提高分子定年精度。局限性：白衣绦虫的DNA保存在整个骨架上是不可预测的。进一步研究建议：我们鼓励道德和极简抽样策略进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Known unknowns and the osteological paradox: Why bioarchaeology needs agent-based models 已知的未知和骨学悖论：为什么生物考古学需要基于主体的模型。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.004

Amy S. Anderson , Sharon N. DeWitte

Objective

This paper demonstrates computational modeling’s value as a tool for mapping the impact of hidden variables and evaluating the accuracy of statistical methods in bioarchaeology.

Materials

As a working example, this paper presents an agent-based model of a 1,000-person cohort of individuals who can form an unspecified skeletal lesion at any age between birth and ten years and enter a simulated cemetery at the end of their lives. Skeletal lesions either have no effect on mortality risk (scenario 1) or are associated with doubled mortality risk (scenario 2).

Methods

The agent-based model simulates data on individual age at death and lesion status. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is run on each simulated dataset, comparing survival estimates for individuals with and without lesions.

Results

Survival analyses underestimate the true value of lesion-associated mortality risk in early life in scenario 2 and produce a false lesion-associated survival advantage under the null conditions of scenario 1.

Conclusions

Researchers should account for the ages of a skeletal lesion’s developmental window, where known, when assessing lesion-associated mortality. Survival analyses return accurate results when they exclude individuals in the ages of active lesion formation.

Significance

Modeling experiments can identify which archaeologically unmeasurable variables have the greatest impact on estimates of population health and outline the ways in which they bias estimates of past health from the skeletal record.

Limitations

The only limits on modeling are limits of imagination and common sense.

Suggestions for future research

Many other archaeologically hidden variables remain to be explored with this approach.

目的：本文论证了计算建模作为绘制隐变量影响和评估生物考古统计方法准确性的工具的价值。材料：作为一个工作示例，本文提出了一个基于主体的模型，该模型包含1000人的队列，这些个体可以在出生到10岁之间的任何年龄形成未指明的骨骼病变，并在生命结束时进入模拟的墓地。骨骼病变要么对死亡风险没有影响（情景1），要么与双倍死亡风险相关（情景2）。方法：基于智能体的模型模拟个体死亡年龄和病变状态数据。Kaplan-Meier生存分析在每个模拟数据集上运行，比较有和没有病变的个体的生存估计。结果：生存分析低估了情景2中早期病变相关死亡风险的真实价值，并在情景1的零条件下产生了虚假的病变相关生存优势。结论：在评估病变相关死亡率时，研究人员应该考虑骨骼病变发育窗口期的年龄。在排除了活动性病变形成年龄的个体后，生存分析返回准确的结果。意义：建模实验可以确定哪些考古学上不可测量的变量对人口健康的估计影响最大，并概述这些变量如何使根据骨骼记录对过去健康的估计产生偏差。限制：建模的唯一限制是想象力和常识的限制。对未来研究的建议：许多其他考古学上隐藏的变量仍然需要用这种方法来探索。

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引用次数: 0

An intersectional and Bayesian investigation of pleural disease in industrializing England (1700–1857CE) 工业化时期英国胸膜疾病的交叉与贝叶斯调查（1700 - 1857年）

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.005

Derek A. Boyd

Objective

This study used an intersectional lens to investigate pleural disease burden in adults from industrial-era England.

Materials

Demographic (age-at-death and biological sex) and paleopathological data (periosteal new bone on the visceral rib) were collected from the skeletal remains of 478 adults from Barton-upon-Humber (St. Peter’s Church), London (New Bunhill Fields and St. Bride’s Fleet Street), and North Shields (Coach Lane).

Methods

A Bayesian logistic model with priors informed by historical respiratory mortality trends was fitted to the skeletal data to estimate the posterior probability of presenting rib lesions among social strata defined by biological sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and region of burial.

Results

The model identified an association between SES, region, and rib lesion probability, which translated into three stratum-level clusters: higher SES Londoners (lowest), lower SES Londoners (highest), and the remaining strata (intermediate). Median age-at-death was substantially lower for individuals with than without lesions.

Conclusions

Variation in pleural disease burden was attributed to environmental privilege among affluent Londoners, differences in the pace of urbanization, and the sociohistorical contexts of the skeletal samples.

Significance

This study used Bayesian inference to quantify the health effects of intersectionality in a historical population, providing a theory-driven approach that incorporates archival, mortuary, and skeletal data.

Limitations

The impact of selective mortality within strata is unclear due to sample size issues.

Suggestions for future research

Research is needed to locate additional identities hidden within the archaeological record that may have interacted multiplicatively with class and gender to influence respiratory health in the past.

目的：本研究采用交叉晶状体研究英国工业时代成人胸膜疾病负担。材料从亨伯河畔巴顿（圣彼得教堂）、伦敦（新邦希尔菲尔德和圣布莱德海军街）和北希尔兹（教练巷）的478名成年人的骨骼遗骸中收集了人口统计学（死亡年龄和生理性别）和古病理学数据（内脏肋骨上的骨膜新骨）。方法采用基于呼吸死亡历史趋势的先验贝叶斯logistic模型拟合骨骼数据，估计以生物性别、社会经济地位（SES）和埋葬地区定义的社会阶层中出现肋骨病变的后验概率。结果该模型确定了SES、地区和肋骨损伤概率之间的关联，并将其转化为三个层级集群：高SES伦敦人（最低）、低SES伦敦人（最高）和其余阶层（中间）。有病变个体的中位死亡年龄明显低于无病变个体。结论胸膜疾病负担的差异可归因于富裕伦敦人的环境特权、城市化速度的差异以及骨骼样本的社会历史背景。本研究使用贝叶斯推理来量化历史人群中交叉性对健康的影响，提供了一种理论驱动的方法，该方法结合了档案、太平间和骨骼数据。局限性：由于样本量的问题，地层中选择性死亡的影响尚不清楚。对未来研究的建议需要研究找到隐藏在考古记录中的其他身份，这些身份可能与阶级和性别多重相互作用，从而影响过去的呼吸健康。

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引用次数: 0

A possible case of hypertrophic osteopathy in osteological remains representing cattle hide processing from a Roman villa in England 一个可能的肥厚性骨病的情况下，骨遗骸代表牛皮加工在英国的罗马别墅

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.003

Fay Worley , G. Michael Taylor , Orestis L. Katsamenis , Simon Mays

Objective

To evaluate the likelihood that pathological features noted on cattle bones indicate that the animal suffered hypertrophic osteopathy.

Materials

Cattle bones, mostly from the lower extremities, representing a single individual, recovered from a Romano-British villa (4th century CE).

Methods

The remains were subject to macroscopic, low-power microscopic, radiographic and μCT study, as well as biomolecular analysis for M. tuberculosis complex and Brucella species DNA.

Results

The remains represent a single individual and show bilaterally symmetrical subperiosteal new bone formation with no micro-anatomical alteration of the underlying bone structure. aDNA analysis was negative for M. tuberculosis and Brucella, but positive for bovine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Conclusions

Hypertrophic osteopathy is the most likely differential diagnoses.

Significance

Hypertrophic osteopathy is uncommon in bovids, and this is the first suspected case in livestock remains from an archaeological site. It demonstrates the importance of differential diagnosis in disarticulated remains through recognition of skeletal patterning.

Limitations

The diagnosis is hampered by the incomplete nature of the remains.

Suggestions for further research

Given the primacy of chronic infection as a cause of hypertrophic osteopathy in the past, scanning these remains for evidence of pathogens using Next Generation Sequencing when feasible, and other biomolecular techniques may be useful.

目的评价牛骨病理特征提示患肥厚性骨病的可能性。材料：从一座罗马-英国别墅（公元4世纪）中发现的一小块骨头，大部分来自下肢，代表了一个人。方法对遗骨进行宏观、低倍镜、x线摄影和μCT检查，并对结核分枝杆菌复合体和布鲁氏菌进行生物分子分析。结果该骨骸为单一个体，显示两侧对称的骨膜下新骨形成，其下骨结构无微观解剖改变。aDNA分析结核分枝杆菌和布鲁氏菌阴性，但牛线粒体DNA （mtDNA）阳性。结论肥厚性骨病是最有可能的鉴别诊断。肥厚性骨病在牛科动物中并不常见，这是首次在考古遗址的牲畜遗骸中发现疑似病例。它证明了鉴别诊断的重要性，在分离的遗骸通过识别骨骼模式。限制：由于遗体的不完整，诊断受到阻碍。鉴于慢性感染在过去是肥厚性骨病的主要原因，在可行的情况下，使用下一代测序和其他生物分子技术扫描这些遗骸以寻找病原体的证据可能是有用的。

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引用次数: 0

Periodontitis in human skeletal remains: The relationship between CEJ-AC distance and alveolar bone defects in a modern forensic collection of low socioeconomic status individuals from Yucatan, Mexico 人类骨骼遗骸中的牙周炎：来自墨西哥尤卡坦半岛低社会经济地位个体的现代法医收集中CEJ-AC距离与牙槽骨缺损之间的关系

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.001

S. Thamara Noriega Muro , Sudip Datta Banik , Andrea Cucina

Objective

This study evaluates the interrelationship between the cementoenamel distance to the alveolar crest (CEJ-AC), alveolar bone defects, and risk factors for periodontitis among adults.

Materials

The skeletal remains of 77 individuals (58 males and 19 females), aged 28–92 years, were analyzed from a low socioeconomic status, 20th-century forensic collection in Merida, Mexico.

Methods

An analysis integrating qualitative and quantitative criteria was conducted. The CEJ-AC distance was measured using a dental probe, and bone defects were categorized as suprabony, infrabony and furcation.

Results

The mean CEJ-AC distance was 4.4 mm, with individual bone defect prevalence of 94.8 % (no sex differences). A positive correlation exists between CEJ-AC and bone defect severity (p < 0.001), though greater CEJ-AC distances were not consistently associated with more severe defects. Furcation involvement was observed in 33.7 % of individuals, with no significant sex differences, and defect severity showed no association with age at death.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that alveolar bone defects represent the primary criterion for periodontitis in skeletal remains; CEJ-AC distance complements it. Integrating both parameters enhances the accuracy of osteological diagnosis.

Significance

This study contributes to refining paleopathological diagnosis of periodontal disease, thereby enhancing its applicability in archaeological contexts. The high prevalence observed underscores the impact of low socioeconomic status on oral health in marginalized populations.

Limitations

Limitations include the sample’s low socioeconomic strata and underrepresentation of females.

Suggestions and Further Research

Adapting clinical classifications to postmortem changes, compensatory eruption, and interindividual variation offers a promising framework.

目的探讨牙髓牙釉质与牙槽嵴的距离（CEJ-AC）、牙槽骨缺损与成人牙周炎危险因素之间的关系。材料在墨西哥梅里达的一个20世纪低社会经济地位的法医收集中，对年龄在28-92岁之间的77个人（58名男性和19名女性）的骨骼遗骸进行了分析。方法采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法。使用牙探针测量CEJ-AC距离，并将骨缺损分为上颌骨、下颌骨和分叉。结果CEJ-AC平均距离为4.4 mm，个体骨缺损发生率为94.8 %（无性别差异）。CEJ-AC与骨缺损严重程度之间存在正相关（p <； 0.001），尽管CEJ-AC距离越远，骨缺损越严重。在33.7% %的个体中观察到分叉累及，没有显著的性别差异，缺陷的严重程度与死亡年龄无关。结论：牙槽骨缺损是骨残体牙周炎的主要诊断标准；CEJ-AC距离与之互补。综合这两个参数可提高骨学诊断的准确性。意义本研究有助于完善牙周病的古病理学诊断，从而提高其在考古背景下的适用性。观察到的高患病率强调了低社会经济地位对边缘人群口腔健康的影响。局限性包括样本的低社会经济阶层和女性代表性不足。使临床分类适应死后变化、代偿性爆发和个体间变异提供了一个有希望的框架。

{"title":"Periodontitis in human skeletal remains: The relationship between CEJ-AC distance and alveolar bone defects in a modern forensic collection of low socioeconomic status individuals from Yucatan, Mexico","authors":"S. Thamara Noriega Muro , Sudip Datta Banik , Andrea Cucina","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the interrelationship between the cementoenamel distance to the alveolar crest (CEJ-AC), alveolar bone defects, and risk factors for periodontitis among adults.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skeletal remains of 77 individuals (58 males and 19 females), aged 28–92 years, were analyzed from a low socioeconomic status, 20th-century forensic collection in Merida, Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analysis integrating qualitative and quantitative criteria was conducted. The CEJ-AC distance was measured using a dental probe, and bone defects were categorized as suprabony, infrabony and furcation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean CEJ-AC distance was 4.4 mm, with individual bone defect prevalence of 94.8 % (no sex differences). A positive correlation exists between CEJ-AC and bone defect severity (p < 0.001), though greater CEJ-AC distances were not consistently associated with more severe defects. Furcation involvement was observed in 33.7 % of individuals, with no significant sex differences, and defect severity showed no association with age at death.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that alveolar bone defects represent the primary criterion for periodontitis in skeletal remains; CEJ-AC distance complements it. Integrating both parameters enhances the accuracy of osteological diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study contributes to refining paleopathological diagnosis of periodontal disease, thereby enhancing its applicability in archaeological contexts. The high prevalence observed underscores the impact of low socioeconomic status on oral health in marginalized populations.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Limitations include the sample’s low socioeconomic strata and underrepresentation of females.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions and Further Research</h3><div>Adapting clinical classifications to postmortem changes, compensatory eruption, and interindividual variation offers a promising framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disability in medieval Poulton (Cheshire): A case of hand amputation 中世纪波尔顿（柴郡）的残疾：一例手部截肢。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.003

Satu Valoriani, Megan King, Kevin Cootes

Objective

Amputations are rarely identified in the British archaeological record from the Middle Ages, with survival following hand removal particularly uncommon. This study presents a case of a healed left-hand amputation from the medieval cemetery at Poulton (Cheshire).

Materials

The study focuses on Skeleton 861, recovered from the Poulton Chapel burial ground, part of a broader assemblage of over 800 individuals dated to the 13th–16th centuries CE.

Methods

Standard osteological techniques were used to establish the biological profile, while radiographic imaging and macroscopic analysis assessed healing and pathological conditions. Directional asymmetry was also calculated.

Results

The left hand was absent, with the distal radius and ulna showing remodelling, marginal osteophyte growth, and a healed amputation surface. No cut marks or skeletal atrophy were observed. Directional asymmetry and robust entheses suggest continued use of the limb post-amputation. Differential diagnoses were excluded on morphological and contextual grounds.

Conclusions

Skeleton 861 demonstrates long-term survival and functional adaptation following amputation. The evidence supports loss of the hand and recovery within a rural medieval community.

Significance

This case contributes to the small body of evidence for medieval amputations in Britain, providing an example of survival and long-term adaptation to severe trauma and the loss of an upper limb within a premodern agrarian community.

Limitations

The cause of amputation could not be determined, and absence of prosthetic evidence limits interpretation of post-amputation adaptations.

Suggestions for further research

Future work could compare similar cases across Britain to evaluate regional variation in care practices and examine potential use of prostheses or occupational adaptations.

目的：在英国中世纪的考古记录中，截肢很少被发现，截肢后存活的情况尤其罕见。本研究提出了一个病例愈合左手截肢从中世纪墓地在波尔顿（柴郡）。材料：研究的重点是861号骨架，它是从波尔顿教堂墓地找到的，是公元13 -16世纪800多具遗骸的一部分。方法：采用标准骨学技术建立生物剖面，同时影像学和宏观分析评估愈合和病理情况。还计算了方向不对称性。结果：左手缺失，桡骨远端和尺骨重塑，边缘骨赘生长，截肢面愈合。未见割伤或骨骼萎缩。方向不对称和坚固的假肢提示截肢后继续使用肢体。由于形态学和上下文的原因，排除了鉴别诊断。结论：Skeleton 861在截肢后表现出长期存活和功能适应。证据支持在中世纪农村社区中手部的丧失和恢复。意义：该案例为中世纪英国截肢提供了少量证据，提供了一个前现代农业社会中生存和长期适应严重创伤和上肢丧失的例子。局限性：截肢的原因无法确定，缺乏假肢证据限制了截肢后适应的解释。对进一步研究的建议：未来的工作可以比较英国各地的类似病例，以评估护理实践的地区差异，并检查假体或职业适应的潜在用途。

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引用次数: 0

Skeleton matter(s): Reframing current approaches in bioarchaeology towards a more inclusive future 骨架物质：重塑生物考古学的当前方法，以实现更具包容性的未来。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.002

Rebecca L. Gowland

Over the last two decades, bioarchaeologists have developed more nuanced theoretical approaches to the study of past bodies. Nevertheless, much of our work continues to be rooted in a dichotomous biocultural paradigm that often does not adequately account for the complexity of the bioarchaeological evidence. Rooted in dualisms (e.g. biology/culture, body/society), our work can also unconsciously perpetuate practices that continue to enact exclusions, biases and harms. This discussion highlights the utility of Posthumanism and New Materialism for reframing theory and practice in bioarchaeology and palaeopathology. The central tenets of these theoretical perspectives include a shift away from dichotomised constructs, the decentring of humans, and an emphasis on matter (e.g. the body) as relational and ‘in process’. Here, I will focus on the highly influential work of physicist and feminist scholar Karen Barad and apply their concepts of ‘intra-action’ and ‘agential realism’ to the bioarchaeological evidence. To illustrate and translate the benefits of these theoretical approaches, wide ranging examples and applications have been provided, including: One Paleopathology, the developmental origins of health and disease, power and structural inequality, and decolonising bioarchaeology. The reconfiguration of the body as physiologically and chronologically unbounded, and the skeleton as matter that is co-constituted with other relational entities (e.g. plants, care, animals, kinship, climate, geology) can help us reframe our approaches and yield new insights and questions. An approach that draws upon some of the conceptual resources of New Materialism may help us address some of the current biases and deficiencies in our discipline and shift us towards more authentically inclusive practices.

在过去的二十年里，生物考古学家已经发展出了更细致入微的理论方法来研究过去的尸体。然而，我们的大部分工作仍然植根于一种二分法的生物文化范式，这种范式往往不能充分解释生物考古证据的复杂性。根植于二元论（如生物/文化、身体/社会），我们的工作也可能无意识地延续那些继续制定排斥、偏见和伤害的做法。本讨论强调了后人类主义和新唯物主义在生物考古学和古病理学中重构理论和实践的效用。这些理论观点的中心原则包括从二分结构的转变，人类的分散，以及强调物质（例如身体）作为关系和“过程”。在这里，我将重点关注物理学家和女权主义学者凯伦·巴拉德（Karen Barad）极具影响力的工作，并将他们的“内部行动”和“代理现实主义”概念应用于生物考古证据。为了说明和解释这些理论方法的好处，提供了广泛的例子和应用，包括：一个古病理学，健康和疾病的发展起源，权力和结构不平等，以及非殖民化生物考古学。将身体重新配置为生理上和时间上的无界，将骨骼作为与其他相关实体（如植物、护理、动物、亲属关系、气候、地质）共同构成的物质，可以帮助我们重新构建我们的方法，并产生新的见解和问题。利用新唯物主义的一些概念资源的方法可以帮助我们解决目前在我们的学科中存在的一些偏见和缺陷，并将我们转向更真正的包容性实践。

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引用次数: 0

A probable case of multiple osteochondromas from an Early Medieval burial site in the Venetian lagoon (Italy): Differential diagnosis and review of cases from archaeological contexts 意大利威尼斯泻湖早期中世纪墓葬遗址多发骨软骨瘤的可能病例：鉴别诊断和考古背景病例回顾

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.001

Serena Viva , Norma Lonoce , Lorenzo Bigo , Silvia Cadamuro , Sauro Gelichi

Objective

To evaluate a pathological condition on a skeleton from medieval Veneto (Italy).

Materials

A male skeleton (T97), aged 35–50 years, from the Early Medieval phase of an archaeological site in the Venetian Lagoon, was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 954–1052 CE.

Methods

The skeletal remains were examined by anthropological methods, by radiographic imaging, full skeletal CT scans, and histological examination. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.

Results

A total of 129 osteochondromas were observed. Both types were evident: sessile and pedunculated. Osteochondromas were evident in most bones of the appendicular skeleton; the skull, vertebrae and ribs remained unaffected. Short stature and forearm deformity were also observed.

Conclusions

The differential diagnosis identifies these pathological findings as manifestations of an advanced form of multiple osteochondromas (MO).

Significance

The significance of this diagnosis lies in its ability to shed light on the natural progression of MO, particularly in the absence of modern surgical interventions. Additionally, it highlights the survival and adaptation of an individual with disabilities within a medieval society.

Limitations

To achieve a definitive confirmation of this diagnosis, genetic testing would be essential. The discovery of only one individual with this condition among 181 analyzed in the context prevents further broader conclusions.

Suggestions for further research

Genetic Analysis to confirm the diagnosis of MO and investigate potential genetic mutations, such as those in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.

目的探讨意大利威尼托中世纪遗骨的病理学特征。研究人员对一具年龄在35-50岁的男性骨架（T97）进行了检查，该骨架来自威尼斯泻湖考古遗址的中世纪早期阶段，放射性碳测定其年代为公元954-1052年。方法采用人类学方法、x线影像学检查、全骨CT扫描及组织学检查。根据既定方案进行鉴别诊断。结果共观察到129例骨软骨瘤。两种类型都很明显：无梗和有梗。尾骨大部分骨可见骨软骨瘤；颅骨、椎骨和肋骨未受影响。还观察到身材矮小和前臂畸形。结论鉴别诊断确认这些病理表现为晚期多发性骨软骨瘤（MO）的表现。这项诊断的意义在于它能够阐明MO的自然进展，特别是在缺乏现代手术干预的情况下。此外，它还突出了残疾人在中世纪社会中的生存和适应。为了对这种诊断做出明确的确认，基因检测是必不可少的。在此背景下分析的181人中仅发现一人患有这种疾病，这阻碍了进一步的更广泛的结论。进一步研究建议遗传分析以确认MO的诊断，并研究潜在的基因突变，如EXT1和EXT2基因。

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引用次数: 0

Play or foul play: A case of perimortem cranial injuries on a child from Yaoheyuan, Western Zhou China (1046–771 BCE) 玩还是犯规：中国西周（公元前1046-771年）尧河源一名儿童死前颅脑损伤案例。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.002

Yaohan Wu , Qiang Ma , Yuanyuan Shen , Pianpian Wei , Shaoqing Wen

Objective

This paper evaluates evidence of trauma observed on a skeleton of a child from Ningxia, China in order to assess the potential cause of the lesions.

Materials

Skeletonized remains of Individual M26:R3 from the site of Yaoheyuan in Western Zhou, dated 1046–771 BCE.

Methods

Standard osteological methods were carried out. Nano-CT scans were used to determine possible endocranial trauma and to reconstruct the crania. Ancient DNA analysis was conducted on the remains of the three individuals interred in burial M26 to determine possible kinship relationships.

Results

A total of 59 individuals were studied. The individual under examination was a male with an estimated age of 6–9 years old. The child was found alongside two adult females. The osteological analysis and CT scans indicated two perimortem injuries and one possible perimortem sharp force cutmark on his cranium. Ancient DNA analysis performed on the three individuals in burial M26 revealed no familial relatedness.

Conclusions

The multiple strike marks on the remains of the child, along with the fact that he was the only individual in this burial ground showing clear evidence of sharp force cranial injuries, might suggest a unique incident of violence.

Significance

This paper demonstrates how the integration of osteoarchaeological observation with ancient DNA analysis can provide insight and contextualization of perimortem events.

Limitations

Post-depositional disturbance affecting the archaeological contexts of this cemetery complicates the interpretation of this case.

Suggestions for future research

Systematic archaeological and historical data are needed to understand reasons behind violent episodes in ancient China.

目的：对中国宁夏一儿童骨骼上观察到的创伤证据进行评估，以评估损伤的潜在原因。资料：公元前1046-771年西周姚河源遗址出土的M26:R3个体骨架遗骸。方法：采用标准骨学方法。纳米ct扫描用于确定可能的颅内创伤和重建颅骨。对M26号墓葬中埋葬的三个人的遗骸进行了古代DNA分析，以确定可能的亲属关系。结果：共研究了59例个体。接受检查的个体是一名男性，估计年龄为6-9岁。这名儿童和两名成年女性一起被发现。骨学分析和CT扫描显示有两处死前伤颅骨上可能有一处死前锐器刻痕。对埋葬M26的三个人进行的古代DNA分析显示没有家族关系。结论：孩子尸体上的多处击打痕迹，加上他是这片墓地里唯一一个有明显利器颅脑损伤证据的人，可能表明这是一起独特的暴力事件。意义：本文展示了骨考古观察与古代DNA分析的结合如何为死前事件提供见解和背景。限制：沉积后的扰动影响了这个墓地的考古背景，使这个案例的解释复杂化。对未来研究的建议：需要系统的考古和历史资料来了解中国古代暴力事件背后的原因。

{"title":"Play or foul play: A case of perimortem cranial injuries on a child from Yaoheyuan, Western Zhou China (1046–771 BCE)","authors":"Yaohan Wu , Qiang Ma , Yuanyuan Shen , Pianpian Wei , Shaoqing Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper evaluates evidence of trauma observed on a skeleton of a child from Ningxia, China in order to assess the potential cause of the lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Skeletonized remains of Individual M26:R3 from the site of Yaoheyuan in Western Zhou, dated 1046–771 BCE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Standard osteological methods were carried out. Nano-CT scans were used to determine possible endocranial trauma and to reconstruct the crania. Ancient DNA analysis was conducted on the remains of the three individuals interred in burial M26 to determine possible kinship relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 59 individuals were studied. The individual under examination was a male with an estimated age of 6–9 years old. The child was found alongside two adult females. The osteological analysis and CT scans indicated two perimortem injuries and one possible perimortem sharp force cutmark on his cranium. Ancient DNA analysis performed on the three individuals in burial M26 revealed no familial relatedness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The multiple strike marks on the remains of the child, along with the fact that he was the only individual in this burial ground showing clear evidence of sharp force cranial injuries, might suggest a unique incident of violence.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This paper demonstrates how the integration of osteoarchaeological observation with ancient DNA analysis can provide insight and contextualization of perimortem events.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Post-depositional disturbance affecting the archaeological contexts of this cemetery complicates the interpretation of this case.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><div>Systematic archaeological and historical data are needed to understand reasons behind violent episodes in ancient China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External auditory exostoses in fragmentary remains: Evidence for activity and human-environment interactions at Early Neolithic Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan 残片遗骸中的外耳外露：伊拉克库尔德斯坦贝斯坦苏尔新石器时代早期人类活动和环境相互作用的证据。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.003

Giulia Ragazzon

Objectives

This research assesses external auditory exostoses (EAEs) as markers of aquatic activity in individuals from the Early Neolithic inland site of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan (c.7700–7100 BCE).

Materials

Thirty-four individuals (6 non-adults and 28 adults) represented by 50 external auditory canals (27 left and 23 right), both fragmentary and intact, were included in the study.

Methods

Auditory canals were macroscopically examined for the presence or absence of bone growths, with their location and severity recorded.

Results

Twenty-four individuals (70.6 %) and 31 auditory canals (62 %), 18 left (66.7 %) and 13 right (56.5 %), displayed EAEs. No significant differences in -frequency were found according to biological sex, age-at-death or burial location.

Conclusions

Supported by archaeological evidence, the frequency of EAEs at Bestansur suggests male, female and non-adult engagement in fishing, mollusc harvesting and, possibly, other activities in aquatic environments, shedding light on social participation and the importance of freshwater habitats in Neolithic economies in the Zagros.

Significance

While adding to previous studies of EAEs in fragmentary remains, this research highlights the benefit of contextualised palaeopathological analysis as a means of exploring human behaviour and human-environment interactions. The assessment of EAEs in past populations can offer insights into the variables shaping human behaviour and complex subsistence strategies.

Limitations

Sample size and distribution were affected by poor preservation, requiring interpretative caution.

Suggestions for further research

Future research should acquire regional comparative data and explore correlations between EAE location and severity, and co-occurrences of bone changes in the auditory canal.

目的：本研究评估了来自伊拉克库尔德斯坦贝斯坦苏尔新石器时代早期内陆遗址（公元前7700-7100年）个体的外耳外植骨（eae）作为水生活动的标志。材料：34人（非成人6人，成人28人），50条外耳道（左27条，右23条），均为残缺和完整。方法：宏观检查听道是否有骨生长，记录其位置和严重程度。结果：24例（70.6 %），31例（62 %），左侧18例（66.7 %），右侧13例（56.5 %）出现eae。根据生理性别、死亡年龄或埋葬地点，在频率上没有发现显著差异。结论：在考古证据的支持下，Bestansur地区eae的频率表明，男性、女性和非成人参与了捕鱼、软体动物捕捞以及可能的其他水生环境活动，这揭示了扎格罗斯地区新石器时代经济中社会参与和淡水栖息地的重要性。意义：虽然增加了先前对碎片遗骸中eae的研究，但本研究强调了背景化古病理学分析作为探索人类行为和人与环境相互作用的手段的好处。对过去种群中eae的评估可以深入了解影响人类行为和复杂生存策略的变量。局限性：样本量和分布受到保存不良的影响，需要谨慎解释。进一步研究建议：未来的研究应获取区域比较数据，探索EAE位置与严重程度的相关性，以及听道骨改变的共现性。

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引用次数: 0