M. SriSakthi Logisha, G. Nivetha, M. Mohamed Mustafa, T. R. Siddiq Ali, N. J. Muthukumar, M. V. Mahalakshmi
There are more than 3000 known common skin diseases. Eczema, generally referred to as karappan, is a prevailing dermatological condition often seen in clinical settings. It is not an immediately life-threatening disease; it is a chronic disease that has a physiological and social impact on a patient’s life. The skin lesion is manifested externally and visible to all. So, the patient feels detested and has depression. The disease may affect any age, but it is common in school-going age and 1-3 percent of adults. It is characterized by itching followed by redness, erythema, and papules. The papules may turn to vesicles. The condition known as karappan in the Siddha system of medicine is considered equivalent due to the presence of analogous signs and symptoms. Management of eczema involves emollients, steroids, and topical application therapy given in other systems. It will give temporary remedies even after use, relapse, recurrence and other complications are common. Hence, there is a need for alternative drugs and therapy that has a good efficacy in this debilitating disorder, which is possible through the Siddha system of medicine. Leech therapy (attai vidal) our siddhars have given importance to bloodletting therapy and concede leech is the most unique and effective method of bloodletting even in an infected wound, skin disease, and abscesses. The present case was carried out in the OPD of the department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu in India. The course of treatment has shown significant improvement in terms of alleviating all of the symptoms and improving the patient's easy score.
{"title":"A case study on the effectiveness of Attai vedal (leech therapy) for the treatment of Karappan (eczema)","authors":"M. SriSakthi Logisha, G. Nivetha, M. Mohamed Mustafa, T. R. Siddiq Ali, N. J. Muthukumar, M. V. Mahalakshmi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.1949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.1949","url":null,"abstract":"There are more than 3000 known common skin diseases. Eczema, generally referred to as karappan, is a prevailing dermatological condition often seen in clinical settings. It is not an immediately life-threatening disease; it is a chronic disease that has a physiological and social impact on a patient’s life. The skin lesion is manifested externally and visible to all. So, the patient feels detested and has depression. The disease may affect any age, but it is common in school-going age and 1-3 percent of adults. It is characterized by itching followed by redness, erythema, and papules. The papules may turn to vesicles. The condition known as karappan in the Siddha system of medicine is considered equivalent due to the presence of analogous signs and symptoms. Management of eczema involves emollients, steroids, and topical application therapy given in other systems. It will give temporary remedies even after use, relapse, recurrence and other complications are common. Hence, there is a need for alternative drugs and therapy that has a good efficacy in this debilitating disorder, which is possible through the Siddha system of medicine. Leech therapy (attai vidal) our siddhars have given importance to bloodletting therapy and concede leech is the most unique and effective method of bloodletting even in an infected wound, skin disease, and abscesses. The present case was carried out in the OPD of the department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu in India. The course of treatment has shown significant improvement in terms of alleviating all of the symptoms and improving the patient's easy score.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crysle Saldanha, Hilda Fernandes, Jayaprakash C. S.
Introduction and Aim: In the post-iodization period, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is most likely the most prevalent cause of goitre and hypothyroidism, particularly in women of reproductive years. This study was undertaken to grade HT on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology smears and determine their usefulness in predicting thyroid damage in association with clinical history, radiological and biochemical findings. Materials and Methods: Total of 151 cases were diagnosed cytologically in duration of over 2 years as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/lymphocytic thyroiditis. Cytology scoring technique was used to analyse smears and were correlated with radiological, biochemical findings and were evaluated statistically by ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: In the current study, the most frequent group of individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were between the ages of 40 and 50. Females (145 cases, 96%) were commonly affected and the commonest presentation was a diffuse (125 cases ,82.8%) thyroid enlargement. Cytological grading of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were as follows,54 (35.8%) patients were Grade I, 81(53.6%) patients were Grade II thyroiditis and 16 (10.6%) patients were Grade III thyroiditis. Biochemically, 78 (56.5%) of the cases were hypothyroid, 51 (37%), euthyroid, and 9 (6.5%) were hyperthyroid. Ultrasonography revealed 76 (50.3%) patients with hypoechoic micronodules, 71 (47%) with echogenic septae, 101 (66.9%) with increased vascularity, and 6 (4%) with normal findings. The grades of lymphocytic thyroiditis and the biochemical data were found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the grades and specific ultrasound findings, such as echogenic septae (p=0.042) and diffuse hypoechogenicity (p=0.046). Conclusion: Cytological scoring system in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can predict thyroid functional status and aid in determining the severity of the disease.
{"title":"Grading of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in cytology and its association with ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters","authors":"Crysle Saldanha, Hilda Fernandes, Jayaprakash C. S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3217","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: In the post-iodization period, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is most likely the most prevalent cause of goitre and hypothyroidism, particularly in women of reproductive years. This study was undertaken to grade HT on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology smears and determine their usefulness in predicting thyroid damage in association with clinical history, radiological and biochemical findings. Materials and Methods: Total of 151 cases were diagnosed cytologically in duration of over 2 years as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/lymphocytic thyroiditis. Cytology scoring technique was used to analyse smears and were correlated with radiological, biochemical findings and were evaluated statistically by ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: In the current study, the most frequent group of individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were between the ages of 40 and 50. Females (145 cases, 96%) were commonly affected and the commonest presentation was a diffuse (125 cases ,82.8%) thyroid enlargement. Cytological grading of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were as follows,54 (35.8%) patients were Grade I, 81(53.6%) patients were Grade II thyroiditis and 16 (10.6%) patients were Grade III thyroiditis. Biochemically, 78 (56.5%) of the cases were hypothyroid, 51 (37%), euthyroid, and 9 (6.5%) were hyperthyroid. Ultrasonography revealed 76 (50.3%) patients with hypoechoic micronodules, 71 (47%) with echogenic septae, 101 (66.9%) with increased vascularity, and 6 (4%) with normal findings. The grades of lymphocytic thyroiditis and the biochemical data were found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the grades and specific ultrasound findings, such as echogenic septae (p=0.042) and diffuse hypoechogenicity (p=0.046). Conclusion: Cytological scoring system in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can predict thyroid functional status and aid in determining the severity of the disease.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manasa Elika, Sobhitendu Kabi, Abhishek Prasad Dash, Samir Sahu, Gopi Kumbha, Vihari Jonnalagadda, Yargarla Bhargav Vamsi Krishna, Kalavakolanu V S R S L Aneesh, Abhik Jain, Tirumalaraju Veneeth Varma
Introduction and Aim: HbA1c is not only a valid indicator of chronic hyperglycaemia but also coincides with the increased risk of diabetic complications in the long term. This study focuses on the prevalence of target organ disease (TOD) and its relation with HbA1c at the point of detecting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM). Materials and Methods: This is a single-centre cross-sectional study done in the Department of General medicine at IMS and SUM Hospital, Odisha, between November 2020 and June 2022, including all newly diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients aged > 30 years. Besides all the biochemical parameters, the demographic profile was noted in an excel sheet, and later on, using SPSS version 26, the data was analysed categorically. Results: 148 newly diagnosed Type 2 DM patients were enrolled in the study with male predominance (54.72%). The mean age was found as 52.49±9.40 years. There were 29 (19.5%) cases of diabetic retinopathy, 39 (26.3%) diabetic neuropathy, 32(21.6%) diabetic nephropathy and 23(15.54%) left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with a minimal number of RWMA [7 (4.72%)], Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy [9 (6.08%)] and Ischemic DCM [1(0.67%)] found as complications of newly diagnosed Diabetes mellitus patients. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is higher in our study than in other diabetic complications, i.e., 40 (27.02%).A statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation exists between newly diagnosed Diabetes patients with higher HbA1C and serum creatinine, serum urea, microalbuminuria, and positive monofilament test. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of assessing target organ damage (TOD) prevalence for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) detection, highlighting the utility of HbA1c testing. HbA1c, a rapid and precise diagnostic tool, holds promise, especially in resource-limited settings, aiding in timely T2DM diagnosis and improved patient care amid the global diabetes epidemic.
简介和目的:HbA1c不仅是慢性高血糖的有效指标，而且在长期内也与糖尿病并发症的风险增加相吻合。本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)检出点靶器官病变(TOD)的患病率及其与HbA1c的关系。材料和方法:这是一项单中心横断面研究，于2020年11月至2022年6月在奥里萨邦IMS和SUM医院的普通医学系完成，包括所有新诊断的2型糖尿病患者，年龄为55岁。30年。除所有生化参数外，人口统计资料还记录在excel表格中，随后使用SPSS version 26对数据进行分类分析。结果:148例新诊断2型糖尿病患者入组，男性占54.72%。平均年龄为52.49±9.40岁。糖尿病视网膜病变29例(19.5%)，糖尿病神经病变39例(26.3%)，糖尿病肾病32例(21.6%)，左室舒张功能不全23例(15.54%)，其中RWMA 7例(4.72%)，左室向心性肥厚9例(6.08%)，缺血性DCM 1例(0.67%)为新诊断糖尿病患者的并发症。在我们的研究中，冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的患病率高于其他糖尿病并发症，为40(27.02%)。新诊断糖尿病患者HbA1C升高与血清肌酐、血清尿素、微量白蛋白尿、单丝试验阳性存在统计学意义(p<0.05)相关。结论:本研究强调了评估靶器官损伤(TOD)患病率对2型糖尿病(T2DM)检测的重要性，强调了HbA1c检测的实用性。糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)是一种快速、精确的诊断工具，在全球糖尿病流行的情况下，尤其是在资源有限的情况下，有助于及时诊断T2DM并改善患者护理。
{"title":"Prevalence of target organ disease and its relation with HbA1c at the point of detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus – A cross sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in Odisha","authors":"Manasa Elika, Sobhitendu Kabi, Abhishek Prasad Dash, Samir Sahu, Gopi Kumbha, Vihari Jonnalagadda, Yargarla Bhargav Vamsi Krishna, Kalavakolanu V S R S L Aneesh, Abhik Jain, Tirumalaraju Veneeth Varma","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2915","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: HbA1c is not only a valid indicator of chronic hyperglycaemia but also coincides with the increased risk of diabetic complications in the long term. This study focuses on the prevalence of target organ disease (TOD) and its relation with HbA1c at the point of detecting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM). Materials and Methods: This is a single-centre cross-sectional study done in the Department of General medicine at IMS and SUM Hospital, Odisha, between November 2020 and June 2022, including all newly diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients aged > 30 years. Besides all the biochemical parameters, the demographic profile was noted in an excel sheet, and later on, using SPSS version 26, the data was analysed categorically. Results: 148 newly diagnosed Type 2 DM patients were enrolled in the study with male predominance (54.72%). The mean age was found as 52.49±9.40 years. There were 29 (19.5%) cases of diabetic retinopathy, 39 (26.3%) diabetic neuropathy, 32(21.6%) diabetic nephropathy and 23(15.54%) left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with a minimal number of RWMA [7 (4.72%)], Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy [9 (6.08%)] and Ischemic DCM [1(0.67%)] found as complications of newly diagnosed Diabetes mellitus patients. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is higher in our study than in other diabetic complications, i.e., 40 (27.02%).A statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation exists between newly diagnosed Diabetes patients with higher HbA1C and serum creatinine, serum urea, microalbuminuria, and positive monofilament test. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of assessing target organ damage (TOD) prevalence for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) detection, highlighting the utility of HbA1c testing. HbA1c, a rapid and precise diagnostic tool, holds promise, especially in resource-limited settings, aiding in timely T2DM diagnosis and improved patient care amid the global diabetes epidemic.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upendhar Reddy Pulluru, Sudhakara Babu Chelli, Venkateshwar Reddy Muchinthala, Sthevaan V., Sai Charitha, Sai Priya Reddy, Govindarajan Sumathy
Introduction and Aim: The restriction of intrauterine growth (IUGR) has a 20% recurrence rate and is one of the leading causes of postnatal illness and death. The diagnosis of intrauterine retardation refers to the infant's increased risk of neurological issues over an extended period, neonatal morbidity, and mortality, and in utero death. Materials and Methods: One hundred placenta samples were collected and divided into cases and controls. Clearance from the ethics committee was taken from the institute prior to the commencement of this study. Exclusion criteria include the patients with multiple pregnancies, unknown gestational age, gestational diabetes, and HIV. The inclusion criteria are the singleton pregnancy, normal and cesarean section, maternal age between 18-35 years and GA between 34 – 41 weeks. Standard immunohistochemistry protocols were followed for the study and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE) markers were used as neuronal markers. Results: Strong immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase was observed in fetal growth restriction placenta indicating perinatal brain damage of neonate. Conclusion: In our study we observed strong positive immunoreactivity of GFAP and NSE in IUGR only. This study suggests that these markers are used to predict brain damage in IUGR neonates.
{"title":"A study on placental expression of neuronal markers in intrauterine growth restriction","authors":"Upendhar Reddy Pulluru, Sudhakara Babu Chelli, Venkateshwar Reddy Muchinthala, Sthevaan V., Sai Charitha, Sai Priya Reddy, Govindarajan Sumathy","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2758","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The restriction of intrauterine growth (IUGR) has a 20% recurrence rate and is one of the leading causes of postnatal illness and death. The diagnosis of intrauterine retardation refers to the infant's increased risk of neurological issues over an extended period, neonatal morbidity, and mortality, and in utero death. Materials and Methods: One hundred placenta samples were collected and divided into cases and controls. Clearance from the ethics committee was taken from the institute prior to the commencement of this study. Exclusion criteria include the patients with multiple pregnancies, unknown gestational age, gestational diabetes, and HIV. The inclusion criteria are the singleton pregnancy, normal and cesarean section, maternal age between 18-35 years and GA between 34 – 41 weeks. Standard immunohistochemistry protocols were followed for the study and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE) markers were used as neuronal markers. Results: Strong immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase was observed in fetal growth restriction placenta indicating perinatal brain damage of neonate. Conclusion: In our study we observed strong positive immunoreactivity of GFAP and NSE in IUGR only. This study suggests that these markers are used to predict brain damage in IUGR neonates.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed A. Abd Ali, Asaad O. Darweesh, Muthanna M. Matar
Introduction and Aim: Penicillium is a fungal antibiotic derived from Penicillium notatum. In this study, we aimed to isolate the antibacterial compound Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from the fungi Penicillium digitatum, as well as study its antibacterial activity against the the pathogens Escherichia coli,Group B Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: The identification of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing secondary metabolite was achieved through bioassay-guided chemical analysis of the crude extract. The structure of the compound was identified from UV spectra, IR, and GC-MS spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, isolated from the fungus Penicillium digitatum, was determined using standard methods. Results: UV, IR, and GC-MS spectroscopy confirmed the crude extract of fungi Penicillium digitatum to contain the bioactive compounds 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and bis(ethylhexyl) phthalate. The MIC value of the bioactive molecule was also determined to be 32 mg/ml. The P. digitatum ethyl acetate extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterial isolate Escherichia coli and high activity against the Gram positive pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The fungi Penicillium digitatum produces the metabolite Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram-negative pathogens and hence could be used in treating infections by these bacterial pathogens.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of an antibacterial compound Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from the fungi Penicillium digitatum","authors":"Mohammed A. Abd Ali, Asaad O. Darweesh, Muthanna M. Matar","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3264","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Penicillium is a fungal antibiotic derived from Penicillium notatum. In this study, we aimed to isolate the antibacterial compound Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from the fungi Penicillium digitatum, as well as study its antibacterial activity against the the pathogens Escherichia coli,Group B Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: The identification of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing secondary metabolite was achieved through bioassay-guided chemical analysis of the crude extract. The structure of the compound was identified from UV spectra, IR, and GC-MS spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, isolated from the fungus Penicillium digitatum, was determined using standard methods. Results: UV, IR, and GC-MS spectroscopy confirmed the crude extract of fungi Penicillium digitatum to contain the bioactive compounds 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and bis(ethylhexyl) phthalate. The MIC value of the bioactive molecule was also determined to be 32 mg/ml. The P. digitatum ethyl acetate extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterial isolate Escherichia coli and high activity against the Gram positive pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The fungi Penicillium digitatum produces the metabolite Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram-negative pathogens and hence could be used in treating infections by these bacterial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe, widespread parasitic sickness that continues to be a significant health concern in many countries. The goal of the study was to find out how well ozonized saline solution (O3SS) cleans hydatid cysts to improve the results of neurosurgical treatment for patients with cerebral CE and to make suggestions for preventing the disease. Methods: This study included 69 patients with cerebral CE who were operated in our hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed at the time of the surgery, which allowed us to evaluate the data of computerized tomography in 22 (31.9%) and magnetic resonance imaging in 47 (68.1%) patients of the brain. Results: All 69 examined patients presented with cysts of parasitic origin, which were confirmed intraoperatively. Intact removal of hydatid cysts using the Dowling-Orlando technique was performed in 43 cases (62.3%). The best exposure duration for processing residual cavities in brain echinococcosis utilizing O3SS is 10 minutes. The duration of the follow-up period ranged from 8–18 months. Conclusion: When larvocysts of CE are exposed to 10–15 mg/l of O3SS, the germ cells go through irreversible changes in their ultrastructure that stop them from making new cysts within five minutes.
{"title":"Retrospective study of 69 cases of cerebral cystic echinococcosis in patients admitted to National hospital in Bishkek city, Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Keneshbek Yrysov, Taalaybek Seyitbekov, Nurlan Mamashev, Beksultan Yrysov, Jumabek Tashibekov","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3414","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe, widespread parasitic sickness that continues to be a significant health concern in many countries. The goal of the study was to find out how well ozonized saline solution (O3SS) cleans hydatid cysts to improve the results of neurosurgical treatment for patients with cerebral CE and to make suggestions for preventing the disease. Methods: This study included 69 patients with cerebral CE who were operated in our hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed at the time of the surgery, which allowed us to evaluate the data of computerized tomography in 22 (31.9%) and magnetic resonance imaging in 47 (68.1%) patients of the brain. Results: All 69 examined patients presented with cysts of parasitic origin, which were confirmed intraoperatively. Intact removal of hydatid cysts using the Dowling-Orlando technique was performed in 43 cases (62.3%). The best exposure duration for processing residual cavities in brain echinococcosis utilizing O3SS is 10 minutes. The duration of the follow-up period ranged from 8–18 months. Conclusion: When larvocysts of CE are exposed to 10–15 mg/l of O3SS, the germ cells go through irreversible changes in their ultrastructure that stop them from making new cysts within five minutes.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People of all ages are becoming more and more addicted to stimulant medicines and energy drinks for a variety of reasons, including work, sports, and leisure. There are several formulations with different flavors available on the market. Many of these items contain extremely high levels of caffeine as well as a wide range of stimulants that have an array of effects on various body areas. Caffeine use in such excess has been known to produce rhythm disturbances of the heart in healthy people, and when mixed with other stimulants, it can have a range of negative consequences on the way the body functions. Those who use it excessively daily, however, are unaware of the potentially fatal risks linked to these items. We describe a case of a 27-year-young man who presented with new-onset supraventricular tachycardia due to excessive consumption of energy pills that contained high amounts of caffeine. This individual had no significant past medical history and was not a smoker or a regular alcohol drinker.
{"title":"Supraventricular tachycardia due to consumption of excessive energy stimulants","authors":"Jonnalagadda Vihari, Neerukonda Sriteja, Uppu Pooja, Samir Sahu, Brijeshraj Swain, Roja Tammineni, Annamdevula Vamsi Krishna, Sohom Ghosh, Tanmaya Brahmadarshini Bhuyan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2833","url":null,"abstract":"People of all ages are becoming more and more addicted to stimulant medicines and energy drinks for a variety of reasons, including work, sports, and leisure. There are several formulations with different flavors available on the market. Many of these items contain extremely high levels of caffeine as well as a wide range of stimulants that have an array of effects on various body areas. Caffeine use in such excess has been known to produce rhythm disturbances of the heart in healthy people, and when mixed with other stimulants, it can have a range of negative consequences on the way the body functions. Those who use it excessively daily, however, are unaware of the potentially fatal risks linked to these items. We describe a case of a 27-year-young man who presented with new-onset supraventricular tachycardia due to excessive consumption of energy pills that contained high amounts of caffeine. This individual had no significant past medical history and was not a smoker or a regular alcohol drinker.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Spirulina platensis is a planktonic filamentous cyanobacterium composed of discrete cellular units. Three types of Spirulina have garnered significant attention as possible medicinal agents. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of extract from S. platensis against various bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: The identification of S. platensis was accomplished by employing both microscopic techniques and genetic investigation of phycocyanin using cPCBA genes. PCR was employed to identify mcyE gene, which is responsible for the production of microcystin, a toxin of S. platensis. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude extract was applied against various pathogenic bacteria. The bioactivity compounds were identified by GC-MS spectrophotometry. Results: GC mass analysis established the presence of 11 active compounds (N-Methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide, n-Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, Octanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexyl ester, Tridecanoic acid ethyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, Phytol 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, Tetracosane, and 8-Hexadecen-1-ol) in the methanolic crude extract. At varied doses, the hot methanolic crude extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial species tested with inhibition zones ranging from 5 to 20 mm. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrates that the crude extract of Spirulina platensis to be a viable source for the synthesis of drugs that could be safely used as antimicrobials against pathogens.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Spirulina platensis on some pathogenic bacteria","authors":"Israa N. H. Al-Asady","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Spirulina platensis is a planktonic filamentous cyanobacterium composed of discrete cellular units. Three types of Spirulina have garnered significant attention as possible medicinal agents. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of extract from S. platensis against various bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: The identification of S. platensis was accomplished by employing both microscopic techniques and genetic investigation of phycocyanin using cPCBA genes. PCR was employed to identify mcyE gene, which is responsible for the production of microcystin, a toxin of S. platensis. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude extract was applied against various pathogenic bacteria. The bioactivity compounds were identified by GC-MS spectrophotometry. Results: GC mass analysis established the presence of 11 active compounds (N-Methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide, n-Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, Octanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexyl ester, Tridecanoic acid ethyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, Phytol 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, Tetracosane, and 8-Hexadecen-1-ol) in the methanolic crude extract. At varied doses, the hot methanolic crude extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial species tested with inhibition zones ranging from 5 to 20 mm. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrates that the crude extract of Spirulina platensis to be a viable source for the synthesis of drugs that could be safely used as antimicrobials against pathogens.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleena Varughese, Greeshma B. Kotian, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Manjula Shantaram
Introduction and Aim: “SARS-CoV-2” (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2), a member of the coronavirus family, is the culprit behind COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We intended to examine the risk factors for infection in patients presenting with corona virus in the emergency department and to report electrolyte disturbance, coagulopathy, procalcitonin, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The aim was to examine how electrolytes, coagulation parameters, and procalcitonin are associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational analysis, information on 106 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was gathered, and survivors and non-survivors were further identified. Continuous parametric variables were statistically reported as Mean ±SD. Analysis was done on the relationship between biochemical markers and mortality. Results: Substantially low Sodium (P = 0.09), Potassium (P = 0.01), and Chloride (P = 0.000) levels were identified in ‘severe COVID-19 patients’ with survivors than in non-survivors, although the p-value for chloride was significantly connected with non-survivors. No statistically significant data were reported for Prothrombin Time (PT). In patients in the survival group, there was an elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) with a 0.05 p-value and a significant correlation (p = 0.04). With a p-value of 0.01 in both survivors and non-survivors, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was marginally elevated dimer values were discovered to be noticeably higher in both survivors and non-survivors, and they were substantially connected with a p-value of 0.05. With a p-value of 0.01 the surviving group was shown to have higher procalcitonin levels. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that the extremity of COVID-19 is linked to acid-base imbalance, coagulopathy, and death.
{"title":"Association of electrolyte imbalance, coagulopathy, procalcitonin and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Aleena Varughese, Greeshma B. Kotian, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Manjula Shantaram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: “SARS-CoV-2” (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2), a member of the coronavirus family, is the culprit behind COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We intended to examine the risk factors for infection in patients presenting with corona virus in the emergency department and to report electrolyte disturbance, coagulopathy, procalcitonin, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The aim was to examine how electrolytes, coagulation parameters, and procalcitonin are associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational analysis, information on 106 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was gathered, and survivors and non-survivors were further identified. Continuous parametric variables were statistically reported as Mean ±SD. Analysis was done on the relationship between biochemical markers and mortality. Results: Substantially low Sodium (P = 0.09), Potassium (P = 0.01), and Chloride (P = 0.000) levels were identified in ‘severe COVID-19 patients’ with survivors than in non-survivors, although the p-value for chloride was significantly connected with non-survivors. No statistically significant data were reported for Prothrombin Time (PT). In patients in the survival group, there was an elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) with a 0.05 p-value and a significant correlation (p = 0.04). With a p-value of 0.01 in both survivors and non-survivors, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was marginally elevated dimer values were discovered to be noticeably higher in both survivors and non-survivors, and they were substantially connected with a p-value of 0.05. With a p-value of 0.01 the surviving group was shown to have higher procalcitonin levels. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that the extremity of COVID-19 is linked to acid-base imbalance, coagulopathy, and death.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venkappa S. Mantur, Sudarshan Reddy C., Arun Kumar, Arun Kowale
Introduction and Aim: The National Medical Council of India (NMC) has updated the undergraduate medical curriculum by establishing "competency based medical education," which focuses on a one-month foundation course. This time is thought to be crucial for students to adjust to their new college surroundings. The purpose of this study was to assess the initial one-month foundation course from the perspectives of students. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 first year MBBS students joining the college in the academic year 2020-21 were included in the study. Therefore, all students’ means universal samples were included in the study. The core curriculum was meticulously organised and carried out in accordance with the National Medical Council of India's recommendations. Students provided feedback using a five-point Likert scale. Before the final study, we conducted a pilot study for assessment of the reliability of the scale by taking convenient samples and reliability coefficient was found to be 0.8769. Overall recommendations were solicited, and the outcomes were analysed using feedback from students. It calculated the percentage of students who responded. The data were analysed by using statistical software i.e., SPSS version 20.00 with simple frequency and percentages. Results: The percentages of students who agreed and strongly agreed on something ranged from 77.14 to 90.92 percent. All the sessions are positive feedback given by students who strongly agree and biosafety, E-learning, language, and biomedical waste management needed improvement in the module. Good collaboration, teamwork, and thorough planning at the interdepartmental and intradepartmental levels, according to the faculty, were vital elements for the course's successful implementation. Conclusion: The foundation course sessions were generally well welcomed by the students. The findings will aid us in improving our foundation programme for the following year to accomplish the goals of the foundation course.
{"title":"Evaluation of the foundation block of first year MBBS curriculum in a medical college","authors":"Venkappa S. Mantur, Sudarshan Reddy C., Arun Kumar, Arun Kowale","doi":"10.51248/.v43i5.2981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i5.2981","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The National Medical Council of India (NMC) has updated the undergraduate medical curriculum by establishing \"competency based medical education,\" which focuses on a one-month foundation course. This time is thought to be crucial for students to adjust to their new college surroundings. The purpose of this study was to assess the initial one-month foundation course from the perspectives of students. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 first year MBBS students joining the college in the academic year 2020-21 were included in the study. Therefore, all students’ means universal samples were included in the study. The core curriculum was meticulously organised and carried out in accordance with the National Medical Council of India's recommendations. Students provided feedback using a five-point Likert scale. Before the final study, we conducted a pilot study for assessment of the reliability of the scale by taking convenient samples and reliability coefficient was found to be 0.8769. Overall recommendations were solicited, and the outcomes were analysed using feedback from students. It calculated the percentage of students who responded. The data were analysed by using statistical software i.e., SPSS version 20.00 with simple frequency and percentages. Results: The percentages of students who agreed and strongly agreed on something ranged from 77.14 to 90.92 percent. All the sessions are positive feedback given by students who strongly agree and biosafety, E-learning, language, and biomedical waste management needed improvement in the module. Good collaboration, teamwork, and thorough planning at the interdepartmental and intradepartmental levels, according to the faculty, were vital elements for the course's successful implementation. Conclusion: The foundation course sessions were generally well welcomed by the students. The findings will aid us in improving our foundation programme for the following year to accomplish the goals of the foundation course.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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