Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02572-6
Disappearing glaciers and missing snow in mountain regions are some of the most immediate signs of global change today. In this issue, we focus on the broader changes in mountains and how they affect people living both within and far away from their peaks and valleys.
{"title":"Preserving mountains","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-026-02572-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-026-02572-6","url":null,"abstract":"Disappearing glaciers and missing snow in mountain regions are some of the most immediate signs of global change today. In this issue, we focus on the broader changes in mountains and how they affect people living both within and far away from their peaks and valleys.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"105-105"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-026-02572-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02544-2
Emmanuel Salim, Alix Varnajot, Mark Carey, Karine Gagné, Gijsbert Hoogendoorn, Cymene Howe, Matthias Huss, Christopher J. Lemieux, Emma J. Stewart
Visitors are increasingly drawn to disappearing glacier landscapes for their beauty and scientific value. This Comment examines the paradoxes reshaping relationships among glaciers, people and communities, and highlights research needed to avoid maladaptation harming local communities.
{"title":"Melting glaciers as symbols of tourism paradoxes","authors":"Emmanuel Salim, Alix Varnajot, Mark Carey, Karine Gagné, Gijsbert Hoogendoorn, Cymene Howe, Matthias Huss, Christopher J. Lemieux, Emma J. Stewart","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02544-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02544-2","url":null,"abstract":"Visitors are increasingly drawn to disappearing glacier landscapes for their beauty and scientific value. This Comment examines the paradoxes reshaping relationships among glaciers, people and communities, and highlights research needed to avoid maladaptation harming local communities.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"106-108"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02549-x
Alejandro de la Fuente, I-Ching Chen, Natalie J. Briscoe, Michael R. Kearney
Mountains, with their sharp climatic contrasts, are emblematic of climate-driven species movement and, ultimately, loss. Here, we argue that these same contrasts make mountains powerful natural laboratories for discovering the mechanisms that underlie biological change.
{"title":"Mountains magnify mechanisms in climate change biology","authors":"Alejandro de la Fuente, I-Ching Chen, Natalie J. Briscoe, Michael R. Kearney","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02549-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02549-x","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains, with their sharp climatic contrasts, are emblematic of climate-driven species movement and, ultimately, loss. Here, we argue that these same contrasts make mountains powerful natural laboratories for discovering the mechanisms that underlie biological change.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"115-117"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02551-3
Elizabeth Allison, Constanza Ceruti, Moses Muhumuza, Guillermo Salas Carreño, Pasang Yangjee Sherpa, Ivan Lizaga Villuendas
Mountains and their ecosystems have been important to religious beliefs in many regions around the world. In this Viewpoint, researchers describe how climate change in mountain regions is interpreted by local communities and how they transform their spiritual practice in response to it.
{"title":"Melting ice and transforming beliefs","authors":"Elizabeth Allison, Constanza Ceruti, Moses Muhumuza, Guillermo Salas Carreño, Pasang Yangjee Sherpa, Ivan Lizaga Villuendas","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02551-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02551-3","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains and their ecosystems have been important to religious beliefs in many regions around the world. In this Viewpoint, researchers describe how climate change in mountain regions is interpreted by local communities and how they transform their spiritual practice in response to it.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02552-2
Daniel Viviroli, Fabian Drenkhan, Christopher A. Scott, Lauren Somers, Marit van Tiel
Mountains, often called the world’s ‘water towers’, are vital sources of freshwater that sustain ecosystems and societies far downstream. Climate change is altering their role, impacting the quantity, timing and quality of mountain water supply. While substantial research focuses on snow and glacier changes within mountains, a holistic understanding of how water cycle changes in mountains impact human water use and ecosystems downstream is still needed. Here we address how these changes cascade downstream, affect diverse social–ecological systems and pose challenges for adaptation. We also highlight major research gaps and outline research priorities for improving understanding of these coupled systems under a changing climate. Mountains are hotspots of climate change, with melting glaciers, changing water flows and moving ecosystems. Here the authors discuss how these different changes in mountain regions affect downstream regions.
{"title":"Cascading downstream impacts of water cycle changes in mountain regions","authors":"Daniel Viviroli, Fabian Drenkhan, Christopher A. Scott, Lauren Somers, Marit van Tiel","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02552-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02552-2","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains, often called the world’s ‘water towers’, are vital sources of freshwater that sustain ecosystems and societies far downstream. Climate change is altering their role, impacting the quantity, timing and quality of mountain water supply. While substantial research focuses on snow and glacier changes within mountains, a holistic understanding of how water cycle changes in mountains impact human water use and ecosystems downstream is still needed. Here we address how these changes cascade downstream, affect diverse social–ecological systems and pose challenges for adaptation. We also highlight major research gaps and outline research priorities for improving understanding of these coupled systems under a changing climate. Mountains are hotspots of climate change, with melting glaciers, changing water flows and moving ecosystems. Here the authors discuss how these different changes in mountain regions affect downstream regions.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02548-y
Robbert Biesbroek, Dore Engbersen, Jetske Bonenkamp, Emilie Broek, Eva Boon, Jurian Meijering, Johanna Nalau, James D. Ford, Edmond Totin, Timo Leiter, Elisabeth Gilmore, Kristie L. Ebi
{"title":"Expert agreement on key elements of transformational adaptation to climate risks","authors":"Robbert Biesbroek, Dore Engbersen, Jetske Bonenkamp, Emilie Broek, Eva Boon, Jurian Meijering, Johanna Nalau, James D. Ford, Edmond Totin, Timo Leiter, Elisabeth Gilmore, Kristie L. Ebi","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02548-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02548-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02567-3
A spatial assessment of global decarbonization scenarios reveals that land allocated for carbon dioxide removal substantially overlaps with areas of high biodiversity importance. The implications of such overlap depend on location and mode of implementation and demonstrate that careful assessment will be required when implementing decarbonization pathways to safeguard biodiversity.
{"title":"Careful land allocation for carbon dioxide removal is critical for safeguarding biodiversity","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-026-02567-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-026-02567-3","url":null,"abstract":"A spatial assessment of global decarbonization scenarios reveals that land allocated for carbon dioxide removal substantially overlaps with areas of high biodiversity importance. The implications of such overlap depend on location and mode of implementation and demonstrate that careful assessment will be required when implementing decarbonization pathways to safeguard biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"125-126"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02553-1
Gengxin Chen, Weiqing Han, Aixue Hu, Gerald A. Meehl, Arnold L. Gordon, Toshiaki Shinoda, Nan Rosenbloom, Lei Zhang, Yukio Masumoto
Understanding ocean freshwater variability is key to assessing the global water cycle and climate change, but changes in freshwater storage and transport remain unclear. Here we show that the South Indian Ocean—a vital conduit for interocean exchange—has experienced the strongest freshening in the Southern Hemisphere since the 1960s. This freshening drives a southward expansion of the Indo-Pacific freshwater pool into the South Indian Ocean, where freshwater has increased by 6.5 ± 0.5% per decade, as indicated by the shrinking 35.3 psu isohaline. Strengthened Indonesian Throughflow and intensified Subtropical Gyre inflow are the primary causes. In the upper ~200 m, freshening follows a new subtropical pathway rather than the usual tropical route. These changes arise from wind shifts linked to the Hadley cell’s poleward expansion and a stronger Indonesian Throughflow, both driven by warm-pool warming. Ongoing warming will further expand the freshwater pool and broaden the subtropical pathway, affecting climate, interocean exchange and marine ecosystems.
{"title":"The expanding Indo-Pacific freshwater pool and changing freshwater pathway in the South Indian Ocean","authors":"Gengxin Chen, Weiqing Han, Aixue Hu, Gerald A. Meehl, Arnold L. Gordon, Toshiaki Shinoda, Nan Rosenbloom, Lei Zhang, Yukio Masumoto","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02553-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02553-1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding ocean freshwater variability is key to assessing the global water cycle and climate change, but changes in freshwater storage and transport remain unclear. Here we show that the South Indian Ocean—a vital conduit for interocean exchange—has experienced the strongest freshening in the Southern Hemisphere since the 1960s. This freshening drives a southward expansion of the Indo-Pacific freshwater pool into the South Indian Ocean, where freshwater has increased by 6.5 ± 0.5% per decade, as indicated by the shrinking 35.3 psu isohaline. Strengthened Indonesian Throughflow and intensified Subtropical Gyre inflow are the primary causes. In the upper ~200 m, freshening follows a new subtropical pathway rather than the usual tropical route. These changes arise from wind shifts linked to the Hadley cell’s poleward expansion and a stronger Indonesian Throughflow, both driven by warm-pool warming. Ongoing warming will further expand the freshwater pool and broaden the subtropical pathway, affecting climate, interocean exchange and marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02528-2
Wenyu Li, Hui Lu, Jing M. Chen, Shilong Piao, Trevor F. Keenan, Guofang Miao, Qiang Liu, Zhou Zang, Nan Xu, Jane Liu, Qu Cheng, Han Wang, Rong Wang, Wenjie Ji, Peng Zhu, Congcong Li, Qinchuan Xin, Peng Gong
The leaf-onset date is sensitive to climate warming. It is widely reported that the temperature sensitivity of the leaf-onset date (ST) of deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) may decrease under dormancy-period warming. However, evidence of how boreal-DBF ST may generally change under dormancy-period warming is still lacking. Here, by analysing climate and satellite data, we find that, between 1982–1996 and 1998–2012, 74% of all 0.5° × 0.5° boreal-DBF-containing grid cells with a rise in boreal-DBF dormancy-period temperature exhibited an increase in boreal-DBF ST. We demonstrate that the observed general increase in boreal-DBF ST is largely attributable to a warming-related enhancement in dormancy-period chilling accumulation. Furthermore, we show that phenology models systematically underestimated the magnitude of the observed change in the mean boreal-DBF ST across all boreal-DBF-containing grid cells by a mean of 85%. This study has implications for improving phenology models and understanding the carbon cycle in boreal regions. The authors consider the changing sensitivity of the leaf-onset date to temperature (ST) for boreal deciduous broadleaf forests. ST increased between 1982–1996 and 1998–2012—potentially linked to enhanced chilling accumulation—but this increase is underestimated in phenology models.
{"title":"Enhanced effect of warming on the leaf-onset date of boreal deciduous broadleaf forest","authors":"Wenyu Li, Hui Lu, Jing M. Chen, Shilong Piao, Trevor F. Keenan, Guofang Miao, Qiang Liu, Zhou Zang, Nan Xu, Jane Liu, Qu Cheng, Han Wang, Rong Wang, Wenjie Ji, Peng Zhu, Congcong Li, Qinchuan Xin, Peng Gong","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02528-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02528-2","url":null,"abstract":"The leaf-onset date is sensitive to climate warming. It is widely reported that the temperature sensitivity of the leaf-onset date (ST) of deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) may decrease under dormancy-period warming. However, evidence of how boreal-DBF ST may generally change under dormancy-period warming is still lacking. Here, by analysing climate and satellite data, we find that, between 1982–1996 and 1998–2012, 74% of all 0.5° × 0.5° boreal-DBF-containing grid cells with a rise in boreal-DBF dormancy-period temperature exhibited an increase in boreal-DBF ST. We demonstrate that the observed general increase in boreal-DBF ST is largely attributable to a warming-related enhancement in dormancy-period chilling accumulation. Furthermore, we show that phenology models systematically underestimated the magnitude of the observed change in the mean boreal-DBF ST across all boreal-DBF-containing grid cells by a mean of 85%. This study has implications for improving phenology models and understanding the carbon cycle in boreal regions. The authors consider the changing sensitivity of the leaf-onset date to temperature (ST) for boreal deciduous broadleaf forests. ST increased between 1982–1996 and 1998–2012—potentially linked to enhanced chilling accumulation—but this increase is underestimated in phenology models.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02557-5
Ruben Prütz, Joeri Rogelj, Gaurav Ganti, Jeff Price, Rachel Warren, Nicole Forstenhäusler, Yazhen Wu, Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik, Michael Wögerer, Tamás Krisztin, Petr Havlík, Florian Kraxner, Stefan Frank, Tomoko Hasegawa, Jonathan C. Doelman, Vassilis Daioglou, Florian Humpenöder, Alexander Popp, Sabine Fuss
Pathways consistent with global climate objectives typically deploy billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from land-intensive methods such as forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Such large-scale deployment of land-intensive CDR may have negative consequences for biodiversity. Here we assess scenarios across five integrated assessment models and show that scenarios consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C allocate up to 13% of global areas of high biodiversity importance for land-intensive CDR. These overlaps are distributed unevenly, with higher shares in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the potential conflicts between climate action and biodiversity conservation is crucial. An illustrative analysis shows that if current biodiversity hotspots were protected from land-use change, over half the land allocated for forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in the assessed scenarios would be unavailable unless synergies between climate and conservation goals are leveraged. Our analysis also indicates CDR-related biodiversity benefits due to avoided warming. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an important role in decarbonization pathways to meet climate goals, but some methods are land-intensive. Multimodel analysis reveals conflicts between biodiversity and CDR that are distributed unevenly, and shows that synergies are crucial to meet climate and conservation goals.
{"title":"Biodiversity implications of land-intensive carbon dioxide removal","authors":"Ruben Prütz, Joeri Rogelj, Gaurav Ganti, Jeff Price, Rachel Warren, Nicole Forstenhäusler, Yazhen Wu, Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik, Michael Wögerer, Tamás Krisztin, Petr Havlík, Florian Kraxner, Stefan Frank, Tomoko Hasegawa, Jonathan C. Doelman, Vassilis Daioglou, Florian Humpenöder, Alexander Popp, Sabine Fuss","doi":"10.1038/s41558-026-02557-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-026-02557-5","url":null,"abstract":"Pathways consistent with global climate objectives typically deploy billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from land-intensive methods such as forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Such large-scale deployment of land-intensive CDR may have negative consequences for biodiversity. Here we assess scenarios across five integrated assessment models and show that scenarios consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C allocate up to 13% of global areas of high biodiversity importance for land-intensive CDR. These overlaps are distributed unevenly, with higher shares in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the potential conflicts between climate action and biodiversity conservation is crucial. An illustrative analysis shows that if current biodiversity hotspots were protected from land-use change, over half the land allocated for forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in the assessed scenarios would be unavailable unless synergies between climate and conservation goals are leveraged. Our analysis also indicates CDR-related biodiversity benefits due to avoided warming. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an important role in decarbonization pathways to meet climate goals, but some methods are land-intensive. Multimodel analysis reveals conflicts between biodiversity and CDR that are distributed unevenly, and shows that synergies are crucial to meet climate and conservation goals.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"16 2","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-026-02557-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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