Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01983-7
Nora Corthésy, Farid Saleh, Jonathan B Antcliffe, Allison C Daley
Fossils preserving soft tissues and lightly biomineralized structures are essential for the reconstruction of past ecosystems and their evolution. Understanding fossilization processes, including decay and mineralisation, is crucial for accurately interpreting ancient morphologies. Here we investigate the decay of marine and freshwater shrimps deposited on the surface of three different clay beds. In experimental set ups containing kaolinite, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy shows a black film comprised of newly formed anhedral and cryptocrystalline aluminosilicates on marine shrimp cuticles, which stabilise the overall morphology. This is the first experimental evidence for the replication of arthropod lightly biomineralized structures in aluminosilicates shortly after death, while carcasses are not buried by sediments. The preservation of morphology through aluminosilicates could result in carcasses persisting on the seafloor for weeks without losing much external anatomical information. In this context, instantaneous burial capturing animals alive may not be a prerequisite for exceptional preservation as usually thought.
{"title":"Kaolinite induces rapid authigenic mineralisation in unburied shrimps.","authors":"Nora Corthésy, Farid Saleh, Jonathan B Antcliffe, Allison C Daley","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01983-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01983-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fossils preserving soft tissues and lightly biomineralized structures are essential for the reconstruction of past ecosystems and their evolution. Understanding fossilization processes, including decay and mineralisation, is crucial for accurately interpreting ancient morphologies. Here we investigate the decay of marine and freshwater shrimps deposited on the surface of three different clay beds. In experimental set ups containing kaolinite, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy shows a black film comprised of newly formed anhedral and cryptocrystalline aluminosilicates on marine shrimp cuticles, which stabilise the overall morphology. This is the first experimental evidence for the replication of arthropod lightly biomineralized structures in aluminosilicates shortly after death, while carcasses are not buried by sediments. The preservation of morphology through aluminosilicates could result in carcasses persisting on the seafloor for weeks without losing much external anatomical information. In this context, instantaneous burial capturing animals alive may not be a prerequisite for exceptional preservation as usually thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01951-1
Liting Hu, Xiaoyi Hu, Bowei Li, Liya Guo, Di Chen, Yang Yang, Mengyue Ma, Xinhe Li, Rui Feng, Xuekun Fang
China, the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emitter in the world, is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the characteristics and driving factors of the CO2 emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) in China have been unclear. Here, using the most comprehensive statistics of 18 industrial productions and 2 product uses during 2000–2020, we find China’s IPPU CO2 emissions reached 1628 million metric tons (Mt) in 2020, which were 3.0%–6.5% higher than estimates from other studies. Compared to previous studies identifying main driving factors of combined CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel and IPPU, we show that the main indicators of China’s IPPU emissions growth was the per capita construction area during 2000–2020 (94%). We construct a comprehensive provincial IPPU emission inventory based on the up-to-date provincial-level statistics, identifying the key mitigation regions in China. This study reveals China’s IPPU emissions are the non-ignorable factor in China’s carbon mitigation. China’s carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and product use were 1628 million metric tons in 2020, and the main driver of the emission growth over the past two decades is per capita construction area, according to an analysis that uses industrial production and process data.
{"title":"Carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and product use are a non-ignorable factor in China’ s mitigation","authors":"Liting Hu, Xiaoyi Hu, Bowei Li, Liya Guo, Di Chen, Yang Yang, Mengyue Ma, Xinhe Li, Rui Feng, Xuekun Fang","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01951-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01951-1","url":null,"abstract":"China, the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emitter in the world, is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the characteristics and driving factors of the CO2 emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) in China have been unclear. Here, using the most comprehensive statistics of 18 industrial productions and 2 product uses during 2000–2020, we find China’s IPPU CO2 emissions reached 1628 million metric tons (Mt) in 2020, which were 3.0%–6.5% higher than estimates from other studies. Compared to previous studies identifying main driving factors of combined CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel and IPPU, we show that the main indicators of China’s IPPU emissions growth was the per capita construction area during 2000–2020 (94%). We construct a comprehensive provincial IPPU emission inventory based on the up-to-date provincial-level statistics, identifying the key mitigation regions in China. This study reveals China’s IPPU emissions are the non-ignorable factor in China’s carbon mitigation. China’s carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and product use were 1628 million metric tons in 2020, and the main driver of the emission growth over the past two decades is per capita construction area, according to an analysis that uses industrial production and process data.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01951-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01963-x
Lee Ping Ang, Fanhao Kong, Enrique Hernández-Rodríguez, Qiuyu Liu, Carlos Cerrejόn, Mariano J. Feldman, Lei Shu, Li-Xin Ye, Lei Gao, Lee Ling Ang, Xiangbo Yin
Satellite technologies are essential for global conservation actions through providing continuous, real-time Earth monitoring. However, development of these technologies necessitates an increase in rocket launches, which introduces new threats to biodiversity. Here, we mapped rocket launch sites and assessed their threats on protected areas and terrestrial biodiversity. Our analysis revealed that over 90% launch sites are within areas where unprotected habitats excesses 50% and over 62% of operating sites are located within or near protected areas. The threats from rocket launches are potentially associated with biomes, coordinates, and proximity to oceans. In particular, threatened terrestrial species in Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests are more vulnerable to these risks compared to species in other biomes. Without strategic planning, the continued growth of rocket launches could create conflicts between technological development and conservation efforts, undermining the achievement of UN Biodiversity Goals. Over 62% of rocket launch sites are located within or near to protected areas worldwide, which could threaten conservation goals, according to mapping of global rocket launch sites along with biome and threatened terrestrial species datasets.
{"title":"Rocket launches threaten global biodiversity conservation","authors":"Lee Ping Ang, Fanhao Kong, Enrique Hernández-Rodríguez, Qiuyu Liu, Carlos Cerrejόn, Mariano J. Feldman, Lei Shu, Li-Xin Ye, Lei Gao, Lee Ling Ang, Xiangbo Yin","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01963-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01963-x","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite technologies are essential for global conservation actions through providing continuous, real-time Earth monitoring. However, development of these technologies necessitates an increase in rocket launches, which introduces new threats to biodiversity. Here, we mapped rocket launch sites and assessed their threats on protected areas and terrestrial biodiversity. Our analysis revealed that over 90% launch sites are within areas where unprotected habitats excesses 50% and over 62% of operating sites are located within or near protected areas. The threats from rocket launches are potentially associated with biomes, coordinates, and proximity to oceans. In particular, threatened terrestrial species in Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests are more vulnerable to these risks compared to species in other biomes. Without strategic planning, the continued growth of rocket launches could create conflicts between technological development and conservation efforts, undermining the achievement of UN Biodiversity Goals. Over 62% of rocket launch sites are located within or near to protected areas worldwide, which could threaten conservation goals, according to mapping of global rocket launch sites along with biome and threatened terrestrial species datasets.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01963-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01970-y
Michael C. Allen, Julie L. Lockwood, Rosa Ibanez, Josh D. Butler, Jordan C. Angle, Benjamin D. Jaffe
Forest-based carbon sequestration projects incentivize reforestation and restoration activities while offering opportunities to realize co-benefits such as biodiversity conservation. While conservation aspects are increasingly emphasized in these projects, the rigor of biodiversity co-benefit verification has been highly variable. Recent advances in biodiversity monitoring based on shed DNA in the environment (eDNA) offer promise for improving effectiveness, standardization, and transparency. Here we analyze 129 forest carbon projects and 396 peer-reviewed studies to identify how biodiversity co-benefits are currently verified within forest carbon markets, and to evaluate the potential of eDNA for tracking biodiversity change. Our analysis revealed that eDNA studies focused more on smaller organisms (microbes and invertebrates) and on temperate ecosystems compared with biodiversity-focused forest carbon projects. Efforts to align these two worlds via investments into broadening the geographic and taxonomic scope could allow greater adoption and increased accountability in biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets (i.e. standardized, auditable biodiversity data trails). Adapting advancements in eDNA technology to the biodiversity monitoring needs of nature-based initiatives will aid countries and organizations striving to meet global conservation commitments. Environmental DNA studies focus more on microbes, invertebrates, and temperate ecosystems, compared to biodiversity-focused forest carbon projects, and both areas need to align to facilitate improved biodiversity monitoring in the forest carbon market, according to the three-phase systematic analysis.
{"title":"eDNA offers opportunities for improved biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets","authors":"Michael C. Allen, Julie L. Lockwood, Rosa Ibanez, Josh D. Butler, Jordan C. Angle, Benjamin D. Jaffe","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01970-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01970-y","url":null,"abstract":"Forest-based carbon sequestration projects incentivize reforestation and restoration activities while offering opportunities to realize co-benefits such as biodiversity conservation. While conservation aspects are increasingly emphasized in these projects, the rigor of biodiversity co-benefit verification has been highly variable. Recent advances in biodiversity monitoring based on shed DNA in the environment (eDNA) offer promise for improving effectiveness, standardization, and transparency. Here we analyze 129 forest carbon projects and 396 peer-reviewed studies to identify how biodiversity co-benefits are currently verified within forest carbon markets, and to evaluate the potential of eDNA for tracking biodiversity change. Our analysis revealed that eDNA studies focused more on smaller organisms (microbes and invertebrates) and on temperate ecosystems compared with biodiversity-focused forest carbon projects. Efforts to align these two worlds via investments into broadening the geographic and taxonomic scope could allow greater adoption and increased accountability in biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets (i.e. standardized, auditable biodiversity data trails). Adapting advancements in eDNA technology to the biodiversity monitoring needs of nature-based initiatives will aid countries and organizations striving to meet global conservation commitments. Environmental DNA studies focus more on microbes, invertebrates, and temperate ecosystems, compared to biodiversity-focused forest carbon projects, and both areas need to align to facilitate improved biodiversity monitoring in the forest carbon market, according to the three-phase systematic analysis.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01970-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seasonal cycle, responsible for much of the temperature variability in the upper ocean, exerts profound climatic and ecological influence. While surface intensification of temperature seasonality has been widely examined, changes beneath the ocean surface remain unknown. Here we analyze multiple ocean temperature datasets, revealing a robust, substantial weakening of subsurface seasonality by 5.7 ± 1.8% below the mixed layer in extratropical oceans since the 1980s. Using a hierarchy of climate models and an idealized diffusive model, we attribute this weakening to increased ocean heat uptake driven by rising greenhouse gases. This process strengthens upper ocean stratification, suppresses vertical mixing, and limits heat penetration into deeper ocean layers, resulting in a more quiescent subsurface ocean with reduced seasonal variability. Our findings highlight a new fingerprint of anthropogenic influence on subsurface ocean seasonality, with important implications for ocean biogeochemical processes and marine ecosystems. Since the 1980s, subsurface temperature seasonality in extratropical oceans has decreased by 5.7 ± 1.8% below the mixed layer due to increased heat uptake from greenhouse gases, strengthening upper ocean stratification, and limiting heat penetration into deeper layers, according to analysis of a hierarchy of climate models and an idealized diffusive model.
{"title":"Weakening of subsurface ocean temperature seasonality over the past four decades","authors":"Fukai Liu, Yiyong Luo, Fengfei Song, Wen-Xiao Yu, Jian Lu, Lijing Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01986-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01986-4","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal cycle, responsible for much of the temperature variability in the upper ocean, exerts profound climatic and ecological influence. While surface intensification of temperature seasonality has been widely examined, changes beneath the ocean surface remain unknown. Here we analyze multiple ocean temperature datasets, revealing a robust, substantial weakening of subsurface seasonality by 5.7 ± 1.8% below the mixed layer in extratropical oceans since the 1980s. Using a hierarchy of climate models and an idealized diffusive model, we attribute this weakening to increased ocean heat uptake driven by rising greenhouse gases. This process strengthens upper ocean stratification, suppresses vertical mixing, and limits heat penetration into deeper ocean layers, resulting in a more quiescent subsurface ocean with reduced seasonal variability. Our findings highlight a new fingerprint of anthropogenic influence on subsurface ocean seasonality, with important implications for ocean biogeochemical processes and marine ecosystems. Since the 1980s, subsurface temperature seasonality in extratropical oceans has decreased by 5.7 ± 1.8% below the mixed layer due to increased heat uptake from greenhouse gases, strengthening upper ocean stratification, and limiting heat penetration into deeper layers, according to analysis of a hierarchy of climate models and an idealized diffusive model.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01986-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01979-3
Xuqian Li, Qingxiang Li, Martin Wild, Phil Jones
{"title":"Author Correction: An intensification of surface Earth’s energy imbalance since the late 20th century","authors":"Xuqian Li, Qingxiang Li, Martin Wild, Phil Jones","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01979-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01979-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01979-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01982-8
Francisco Pastor, Laura Paredes-Fortuny, Samira Khodayar
Under climate change, temperature extremes have become more frequent and intense in recent decades, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean with devastating impacts on ecosystems and succeeding socioeconomic consequences. This is particularly true in climate change hotspots such as the Mediterranean region, where spatiotemporal compounding of extreme phenomena is becoming the norm. In the framework of a new spatiotemporal approach to heatwave detection, which tracks the evolution of the phenomena throughout their life cycle, the concurrence of marine and atmospheric heatwaves is investigated in this study. Concurrency of both phenomena in time and space shows a relevant impact on the intensity of the marine heatwaves, while no relevant changes are observed in atmospheric heat waves. Therefore, we demonstrate that intensification in extreme temperature events is accompanied by the added local intensification effect of marine heatwaves when concurring with atmospheric heatwaves, especially in recent years. Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of temperature extremes, especially in the Mediterranean, where the concurrence of marine and atmospheric heatwaves amplifies marine heatwave intensity, while atmospheric heatwaves show no significant changes, according to a spatiotemporal approach to heatwave detection.
{"title":"Mediterranean marine heatwaves intensify in the presence of concurrent atmospheric heatwaves","authors":"Francisco Pastor, Laura Paredes-Fortuny, Samira Khodayar","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01982-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01982-8","url":null,"abstract":"Under climate change, temperature extremes have become more frequent and intense in recent decades, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean with devastating impacts on ecosystems and succeeding socioeconomic consequences. This is particularly true in climate change hotspots such as the Mediterranean region, where spatiotemporal compounding of extreme phenomena is becoming the norm. In the framework of a new spatiotemporal approach to heatwave detection, which tracks the evolution of the phenomena throughout their life cycle, the concurrence of marine and atmospheric heatwaves is investigated in this study. Concurrency of both phenomena in time and space shows a relevant impact on the intensity of the marine heatwaves, while no relevant changes are observed in atmospheric heat waves. Therefore, we demonstrate that intensification in extreme temperature events is accompanied by the added local intensification effect of marine heatwaves when concurring with atmospheric heatwaves, especially in recent years. Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of temperature extremes, especially in the Mediterranean, where the concurrence of marine and atmospheric heatwaves amplifies marine heatwave intensity, while atmospheric heatwaves show no significant changes, according to a spatiotemporal approach to heatwave detection.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01982-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stand structure influences the distribution of light and water and thus affects the functioning of forest ecosystems. However, information on stand structure capturing both horizontal and vertical structures of forest canopies simultaneously is lacking. Here we use principal component analysis to derive a stand structural indicator (SSI) index based on four structural metrics derived from GEDI covering tropical forests and upscale the GEDI footprint-level SSI to a spatially continuous distribution using Sentinel-1&2 imagery. The majority of high SSI values representing higher forest height, density and diversity of canopy height, is found for all tropical forest areas in moist regions, natural forests, and regions with less fire activity. We show that SSI is positively correlated with primary productivity and that the sensitivity of productivity to SSI is larger in natural forests than in managed forests. Our results highlight synthesized stand structure information to support sustainable forest management and conservation. A strong link between stand structure and primary productivity is pervasively found in forests across the pantropical region, according to an analysis of GEDI lidar data and Sentinel remote sensing imagery.
{"title":"Stand structure of tropical forests is strongly associated with primary productivity","authors":"Wenmin Zhang, Yanbiao Xi, Martin Brandt, Chunying Ren, Jialing Bai, Qin Ma, Rasmus Fensholt","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01984-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01984-6","url":null,"abstract":"Stand structure influences the distribution of light and water and thus affects the functioning of forest ecosystems. However, information on stand structure capturing both horizontal and vertical structures of forest canopies simultaneously is lacking. Here we use principal component analysis to derive a stand structural indicator (SSI) index based on four structural metrics derived from GEDI covering tropical forests and upscale the GEDI footprint-level SSI to a spatially continuous distribution using Sentinel-1&2 imagery. The majority of high SSI values representing higher forest height, density and diversity of canopy height, is found for all tropical forest areas in moist regions, natural forests, and regions with less fire activity. We show that SSI is positively correlated with primary productivity and that the sensitivity of productivity to SSI is larger in natural forests than in managed forests. Our results highlight synthesized stand structure information to support sustainable forest management and conservation. A strong link between stand structure and primary productivity is pervasively found in forests across the pantropical region, according to an analysis of GEDI lidar data and Sentinel remote sensing imagery.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01984-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-29DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01966-8
Sian E. Ford, Greg F. Slater, Katja Engel, Oliver Warr, Garnet S. Lollar, Allyson Brady, Josh D. Neufeld, Barbara Sherwood Lollar
Characterizing deep subsurface microbial communities informs our understanding of Earth’s biogeochemistry as well as the search for life beyond the Earth. Here we characterized microbial communities within the Kidd Creek Observatory subsurface fracture water system with mean residence times of hundreds of millions to over one billion years. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that biosamplers well isolated from the mine environment were dominated by a putatively anaerobic and halophilic bacterial species from the Halobacteroidaceae family, Candidatus Frackibacter. Contrastingly, biosamplers and biofilms exposed to the mine environment contained aerobic Sphingomonas taxa. δ13C values of phospholipid fatty acids and putative functional predictions derived from 16S rRNA gene profiles, imply Candidatus Frackibacter may use carbon derived from ancient carbon-rich layers common in these systems. These results indicate that Candidatus Frackibacter is not unique to hydraulically fracked sedimentary basins but rather may be indigenous to a wide range of deep, saline groundwaters hosted in carbon-rich rocks. Borehole fluids retrieved from the 2.4 km deep Kidd Creek Subsurface Observatory in Canada contain an indigenous microbial community dominated by Candidatus Frackibacter and represents an uncontaminated sample of the deep subsurface microbiome.
{"title":"Deep terrestrial indigenous microbial community dominated by Candidatus Frackibacter","authors":"Sian E. Ford, Greg F. Slater, Katja Engel, Oliver Warr, Garnet S. Lollar, Allyson Brady, Josh D. Neufeld, Barbara Sherwood Lollar","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01966-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01966-8","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing deep subsurface microbial communities informs our understanding of Earth’s biogeochemistry as well as the search for life beyond the Earth. Here we characterized microbial communities within the Kidd Creek Observatory subsurface fracture water system with mean residence times of hundreds of millions to over one billion years. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that biosamplers well isolated from the mine environment were dominated by a putatively anaerobic and halophilic bacterial species from the Halobacteroidaceae family, Candidatus Frackibacter. Contrastingly, biosamplers and biofilms exposed to the mine environment contained aerobic Sphingomonas taxa. δ13C values of phospholipid fatty acids and putative functional predictions derived from 16S rRNA gene profiles, imply Candidatus Frackibacter may use carbon derived from ancient carbon-rich layers common in these systems. These results indicate that Candidatus Frackibacter is not unique to hydraulically fracked sedimentary basins but rather may be indigenous to a wide range of deep, saline groundwaters hosted in carbon-rich rocks. Borehole fluids retrieved from the 2.4 km deep Kidd Creek Subsurface Observatory in Canada contain an indigenous microbial community dominated by Candidatus Frackibacter and represents an uncontaminated sample of the deep subsurface microbiome.","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01966-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01961-z
Thomas André Claude Zillhardt, Wim van Westrenen, Marianne Nuij, Ryan Warr, Zixian Su, Timothy Burnett
In the 1970s, US President Richard Nixon offered moon samples returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 missions to the leaders of the nations of the World. In this study, we used a combination of advanced X-ray analysis methods, including microtomography, tomosynthesis and hyperspectral chemical mapping to carry out a non-destructive forensic investigation of the Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill sample, normally on display at the Boerhaave museum in the Netherlands. These powerful methods were uniquely able to non-destructively interrogate the samples encased in plastic without contact, providing 3D images of sample textures and compositional analysis, to assess whether the results agree with archive data on Apollo 11 coarse-grained soil sample number 10085, and to provide new insights on their origins. Our forensic investigation asked the question: were the rocks in the Dutch display actually picked up on the surface of the moon by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin? X-ray and hyperspectral analysis confirms that the lunar samples gifted by the USA to the Netherlands after the Apollo 11 landings are genuine and demonstrates the feasibility of non-destructive examination of precious or unique collection items
{"title":"The Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill display contains genuine Moon rocks","authors":"Thomas André Claude Zillhardt, Wim van Westrenen, Marianne Nuij, Ryan Warr, Zixian Su, Timothy Burnett","doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01961-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43247-024-01961-z","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1970s, US President Richard Nixon offered moon samples returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 missions to the leaders of the nations of the World. In this study, we used a combination of advanced X-ray analysis methods, including microtomography, tomosynthesis and hyperspectral chemical mapping to carry out a non-destructive forensic investigation of the Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill sample, normally on display at the Boerhaave museum in the Netherlands. These powerful methods were uniquely able to non-destructively interrogate the samples encased in plastic without contact, providing 3D images of sample textures and compositional analysis, to assess whether the results agree with archive data on Apollo 11 coarse-grained soil sample number 10085, and to provide new insights on their origins. Our forensic investigation asked the question: were the rocks in the Dutch display actually picked up on the surface of the moon by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin? X-ray and hyperspectral analysis confirms that the lunar samples gifted by the USA to the Netherlands after the Apollo 11 landings are genuine and demonstrates the feasibility of non-destructive examination of precious or unique collection items","PeriodicalId":10530,"journal":{"name":"Communications Earth & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01961-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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