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The effects of cannabidiol on behavioural and oxidative stress parameters induced by prolonged haloperidol administration. 大麻二酚对长期服用氟哌啶醇诱导的行为和氧化应激参数的影响。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.29
Jaiyeola Abiola Kajero, Soraya Seedat, Jude U Ohaeri, Abidemi Akindele, Oluwagbemiga Aina

Objectives: We investigated the influence of oral cannabidiol (CBD) on vacuous chewing movements (VCM) and oxidative stress parameters induced by short- and long-term administration of haloperidol in a rat model of tardive dyskinesia (TD).

Methods: Haloperidol was administered either sub-chronically via the intraperitoneal (IP) route or chronically via the intramuscular (IM) route to six experimental groups only or in combination with CBD. VCM and oxidative stress parameters were assessed at different time points after the last dose of medication.

Results: Oral CBD (5 mg/kg) attenuated the VCM produced by sub-chronic administration of haloperidol (5 mg/kg) but had minimal effects on the VCM produced by chronic administration of haloperidol (50 mg/kg). In both sub-chronic and chronic haloperidol groups, there were significant changes in brain antioxidant parameters compared with CBD only and the control groups. The sub-chronic haloperidol-only group had lower glutathione activity compared with sub-chronic haloperidol before CBD and the control groups; also, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities were increased in the sub-chronic (IP) haloperidol only group compared with the CBD only and control groups. Nitric oxide activity was increased in sub-chronic haloperidol-only group compared to the other groups; however, the chronic haloperidol group had increased malondialdehyde activity compared to the other groups.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CBD ameliorated VCM in the sub-chronic haloperidol group before CBD, but marginally in the chronic haloperidol group before CBD. There was increased antioxidant activity in the sub-chronic group compared to the chronic group.

研究目的方法:在六组实验鼠中,通过腹腔注射(IP)途径或肌肉注射(IM)途径,口服大麻二酚(CBD)对短期和长期氟哌啶醇诱导的空洞咀嚼运动(VCM)和氧化应激参数的影响。在最后一次服药后的不同时间点,对VCM和氧化应激参数进行了评估:结果:口服 CBD(5 毫克/千克)可减轻氟哌啶醇亚慢性给药(5 毫克/千克)产生的 VCM,但对氟哌啶醇慢性给药(50 毫克/千克)产生的 VCM 影响甚微。与只服用 CBD 组和对照组相比,亚慢性和慢性氟哌啶醇组的大脑抗氧化剂参数都发生了显著变化。亚慢性(IP)氟哌啶醇组的谷胱甘肽活性低于亚慢性(CBD前)氟哌啶醇组和对照组;亚慢性(IP)氟哌啶醇组的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼活性也高于CBD组和对照组。与其他组相比,亚慢性(IP)氟哌啶醇组的一氧化氮活性升高;但与其他组相比,慢性氟哌啶醇组的丙二醛活性升高:我们的研究结果表明,CBD可改善CBD前亚慢性氟哌啶醇组的VCM,但CBD前慢性氟哌啶醇组的VCM则略有改善。与慢性组相比,亚慢性组的抗氧化活性有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
Cannabidiol modulates contextual fear memory consolidation in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus. 大麻二酚可调节实验诱导的1型糖尿病动物的情境恐惧记忆巩固。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.13
Yane Costa Chaves, Ana Maria Raymundi, Ana Paula Farias Waltrick, José Alexandre de Souza Crippa, Cristina Aparecida Jark Stern, Joice Maria da Cunha, Janaína Menezes Zanoveli

Objectives: In view of the neuroprotective characteristic of cannabidiol (CBD) and its beneficial action on aversive memory in non-diabetic animals, we aimed to investigate in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) whether CBD treatment would be able to impair the contextual fear memory consolidation, its generalisation and whether the effect would be lasting. We also investigated the CBD effect on anxiety-like responses.

Methods: After T1DM induction, animals received single or more prolonged treatment with CBD and were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning test. As expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) protein is necessary for memory consolidation, we evaluated its expression in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). For evaluating anxiety-related responses, animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), in which the time and number of entries in the open arms were used as anxiety index.

Results: A single injection of CBD impaired the contextual fear memory consolidation and its generalisation, which was evaluated by exposing the animal in a neutral context. This single injection was able to reduce the elevated expression of Arc in the DH from these animals. Interestingly, more prolonged treatment with CBD also impaired the persistence of context-conditioned fear memory and induced an anxiolytic-like effect, as the treated group spent more time in the open arms of the EPMT.

Conclusion: CBD interferes with contextual fear memory and the dosage regimen of treatment seems to be important. Moreover, we cannot rule out the involvement of emotional aspects in these processes related to fear memory.

研究目的鉴于大麻二酚(CBD)的神经保护特性及其对非糖尿病动物的厌恶记忆的有益作用,我们旨在研究在实验诱导的 1 型糖尿病(T1DM)动物中,CBD 治疗是否能够损害情境恐惧记忆的巩固、泛化以及这种影响是否持久。我们还研究了 CBD 对焦虑样反应的影响:方法:T1DM诱导后,动物接受单次或多次CBD治疗,并接受情境恐惧条件反射测试。由于活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(Arc)的表达是记忆巩固的必要条件,我们评估了其在海马背侧(DH)的表达。为了评估与焦虑相关的反应,我们对动物进行了高架加迷宫试验(EPMT),其中进入开放臂的时间和次数被用作焦虑指数:结果:单次注射 CBD 会损害情境恐惧记忆的巩固及其泛化,评估方法是将动物置于中性情境中。单次注射能够降低这些动物 DH 中 Arc 表达的升高。有趣的是,更长时间的CBD治疗也会损害情境条件恐惧记忆的持续性,并诱发类似抗焦虑的效果,因为治疗组在EPMT张开的怀抱中度过的时间更长:结论:CBD会干扰情境恐惧记忆,治疗剂量似乎很重要。此外,我们还不能排除这些与恐惧记忆有关的过程中存在情绪因素。
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引用次数: 0
Cannabidiol negatively modulates adenosine A2A receptor functioning in living cells. 大麻二酚能负向调节活细胞中腺苷 A2A 受体的功能。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.30
Nuria Sánchez-Fernández, Laura Gómez-Acero, Laura I Sarasola, Josep Argerich, Andy Chevigné, Kenneth A Jacobson, Francisco Ciruela, Víctor Fernández-Dueñas, Ester Aso

Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid with great potential in clinical applications. The mechanism(s) of action of CBD require further investigation. Previous studies suggested that adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) could play a role in CBD-induced effects. Here, we evaluated the ability of CBD to modify the function of A2AR.

Methods: We used HEK-293T cells transfected with the cDNA encoding the human A2AR and Gαs protein, both modified to perform bioluminescence-based assays. We first assessed the effect of CBD on A2AR ligand binding using an A2AR NanoLuciferase sensor. Next, we evaluated whether CBD modified A2AR coupling to mini-Gαs proteins using the NanoBiT™ assay. Finally, we further assessed CBD effects on A2AR intrinsic activity by recording agonist-induced cAMP accumulation.

Results: CBD did not bind orthosterically to A2AR but reduced the coupling of A2AR to Gαs protein and the subsequent generation of cAMP.

Conclusion: CBD negatively modulates A2AR functioning.

目的:大麻二酚(CBD)是一种具有巨大临床应用潜力的植物大麻素。大麻二酚的作用机制需要进一步研究。以前的研究表明,腺苷 A2A 受体(A2ARs)可能在 CBD 诱导的效应中发挥作用。在此,我们评估了 CBD 改变 A2AR 功能的能力:我们使用转染了编码人类 A2AR 和 Gαs 蛋白的 cDNA 的 HEK-293T 细胞,这两种细胞都经过修饰,可以进行基于生物发光的检测。我们首先使用 A2AR 纳米荧光素酶传感器评估了 CBD 对 A2AR 配体结合的影响。接着,我们使用 NanoBiT™ 检测法评估了 CBD 是否改变了 A2AR 与 mini-Gαs 蛋白的耦合。最后,我们通过记录激动剂诱导的 cAMP 积累,进一步评估了 CBD 对 A2AR 内在活性的影响:结果:CBD 没有与 A2AR 正交结合,但减少了 A2AR 与 Gαs 蛋白的耦合以及随后产生的 cAMP:结论:CBD 负向调节 A2AR 的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Role of T and B lymphocyte cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors in major depression and suicidal behaviours. T和B淋巴细胞大麻素1型和2型受体在重度抑郁症和自杀行为中的作用。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.35
Michael Maes, Muanpetch Rachayon, Ketsupar Jirakran, Atapol Sughondhabirom, Abbas F Almulla, Pimpayao Sodsai

Early flow cytometry studies revealed T cell activation in major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is characterised by activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), including deficits in T regulatory (Treg) cells. This study examines the number of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptor-bearing T/B lymphocytes in MDD, and the effects of in vitro cannabidiol (CBD) administration on CB1/CB2-bearing immunocytes. Using flow cytometry, we determined the percentage of CD20+CB2+, CD3+CB2+, CD4+CB2+, CD8+CB2+ and FoxP3+CB1+ cells in 19 healthy controls and 29 MDD patients in 5 conditions: baseline, stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 with or without 0.1 µg/mL, 1.0 µg/mL, or 10.0 µg/mL CBD. CB2+ was significantly higher in CD20+ than CD3+ and CD4+ and CD 8+ cells. Stimulation with anti-CD3/CD8 increases the number of CB2-bearing CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as CB1-bearing FoxP3+ cells. There was an inverse association between the number of reduced CD4+ CB2+ and IRS profiles, including M1 macrophage, T helper-(Th)-1 and Th-17 phenotypes. MDD is characterised by lowered basal FoxP3+ CB1+% and higher CD20+ CB2+%. 33.2% of the variance in the depression phenome (including severity of depression, anxiety and current suicidal behaviours) is explained by CD20+ CB2+ % (positively) and CD3+ CB2+% (inversely). All five immune cell populations were significantly increased by 10 µg/mL of CBD administration. Reductions in FoxP3+ CB1+% and CD3+ /CD4+ CB2+% contribute to deficits in immune homoeostasis in MDD, while increased CD20+CB2+% may contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD by activating T-independent humoral immunity.

早期流式细胞术研究显示T细胞在重度抑郁症(MDD)中活化。MDD的特征是免疫炎症反应系统(IRS)和代偿性免疫调节系统(CIRS)的激活,包括T调节细胞(Treg)的缺陷。本研究检测了MDD中携带大麻素1型(CB1)和2型(CB2)受体的T/B淋巴细胞的数量,以及体外给药大麻二酚(CBD)对携带CB1/CB2免疫细胞的影响。使用流式细胞术,我们测定了19名健康对照和29名MDD患者在5种情况下的CD20+CB2+、CD3+CB2+、CD4+CB2+、CD8+CB2+和FoxP3+CB1+细胞的百分比:基线、抗CD3/CD28刺激(含或不含0.1µg/mL、1.0µg/mL或10.0µg/mL CBD)。CD20+细胞CB2+明显高于CD3+、CD4+和cd8 +细胞。抗CD3/CD8刺激增加了携带cb2的CD3+、CD4+和CD8+细胞的数量,以及携带cb1的FoxP3+细胞的数量。CD4+ CB2+减少的数量与IRS谱(包括M1巨噬细胞、T辅助-(Th)-1和Th-17表型)呈负相关。MDD的特征是FoxP3+ CB1+%降低,CD20+ CB2+%升高。33.2%的抑郁表型差异(包括抑郁、焦虑和当前自杀行为的严重程度)可以用CD20+ CB2+%(正)和CD3+ CB2+%(负)来解释。施用10µg/mL CBD后,所有5种免疫细胞群均显著增加。FoxP3+ CB1+%和CD3+ /CD4+ CB2+%的降低有助于MDD免疫平衡的缺陷,而CD20+CB2+%的增加可能通过激活t非依赖性体液免疫来促进MDD的病理生理。
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引用次数: 0
Psychiatric sequelae after SARS-Cov-2 infection: trajectory, predictors and associations in a longitudinal Australian cohort. SARS-Cov-2感染后的精神后遗症:澳大利亚纵向队列中的轨迹、预测因素和关联
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.45
Seetal Dodd, Mohammedreza Mohebbi, Josie O'Donohue, Gail Matthews, David R Darley, Michael Berk

A relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychiatric symptoms has been identified but is still being fully investigated. Neuropsychiatric sequalae have been reported for several infectious agents and are not unexpected for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study follows for 12 months a sample (N = 144) of people who have had a confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2. Medical and neuropsychiatric data and biological specimens are collected at 6 study visits. The 34-item SPHERE questionnaire, the Depression in the Medically Ill instrument, the EQ-5D-5L quality of life instrument and the visual analogue scale of fatigue were administered at multiple timepoints and associations with measures of illness and inflammatory biomarkers were investigated using the generalised estimating equation. Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and mental health measures of various effect sizes were identified. A robust inverse association was found between mental health outcomes and long covid status, but not between mental health outcomes and covid illness severity. This study suggests that long covid may be the strongest predictor of neuropsychiatric symptoms amongst people who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

已经确定了SARS-CoV-2感染与精神症状之间的关系,但仍在全面调查中。已经报道了几种感染因子的神经精神后遗症,并且对于SARS-CoV-2感染并不意外。这项研究对确认感染SARS-CoV-2的人进行了12个月的跟踪调查(N = 144)。在6次研究访问中收集了医学和神经精神数据以及生物标本。在多个时间点使用34项SPHERE问卷、疾病抑郁量表、EQ-5D-5L生活质量量表和疲劳视觉模拟量表,并使用广义估计方程调查与疾病测量和炎症生物标志物的关联。确定了炎症生物标志物与各种效应量的心理健康测量之间的关联。心理健康结果与长期covid状态之间存在显著的负相关,但心理健康结果与covid疾病严重程度之间没有显著的负相关。这项研究表明,长covid可能是感染了SARS-CoV-2的人神经精神症状的最强预测因子。
{"title":"Psychiatric sequelae after SARS-Cov-2 infection: trajectory, predictors and associations in a longitudinal Australian cohort.","authors":"Seetal Dodd, Mohammedreza Mohebbi, Josie O'Donohue, Gail Matthews, David R Darley, Michael Berk","doi":"10.1017/neu.2023.45","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2023.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychiatric symptoms has been identified but is still being fully investigated. Neuropsychiatric sequalae have been reported for several infectious agents and are not unexpected for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study follows for 12 months a sample (<i>N</i> = 144) of people who have had a confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2. Medical and neuropsychiatric data and biological specimens are collected at 6 study visits. The 34-item SPHERE questionnaire, the Depression in the Medically Ill instrument, the EQ-5D-5L quality of life instrument and the visual analogue scale of fatigue were administered at multiple timepoints and associations with measures of illness and inflammatory biomarkers were investigated using the generalised estimating equation. Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and mental health measures of various effect sizes were identified. A robust inverse association was found between mental health outcomes and long covid status, but not between mental health outcomes and covid illness severity. This study suggests that long covid may be the strongest predictor of neuropsychiatric symptoms amongst people who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The burden of major depressive disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019. 1990年至2019年中东和北非地区重度抑郁症的负担。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.42
Saeid Safiri, Seyed Ehsan Mousavi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Mark J M Sullman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability. We aimed to report the MDD-attributable prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Methods: Publicly available data on the burden of MDD were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 for the 21 countries in MENA. The counts and age-standardised rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals.

Results: In 2019, MDD had an age-standardised point prevalence of 3322.1 and an incidence rate of 4921.7 per 100,000 population in MENA. Furthermore, there were 4.1 million YLDs in 2019. However, there were no substantial changes in the MDD burden over the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Palestine had the highest burden of MDD. The highest prevalence, incidence and YLDs attributable to MDD were found in the 35-39 age group. In 2019, the YLD rate in MENA was higher than the global rate for almost all age groups. Furthermore, there was a broadly negative association between the YLD rate and SDI.

Conclusion: The study highlights the need to prevent the disorder using a multidisciplinary approach and for the provision of cost-effective treatments for those affected, in order to increase their quality of life.

背景:重度抑郁障碍(MDD)是导致残疾的主要原因之一。我们旨在通过年龄、性别和社会形态指数(SDI)报告1990年至2019年中东和北非(MENA)地区MDD可归因的患病率、发病率和残疾寿命(YLD)。方法:从2019年全球疾病负担(GBD)研究中检索21个中东和北非国家MDD负担的公开可用数据。给出了计数和年龄标准化率(每100000人),以及相应的95%不确定性区间。结果:2019年,中东和北非地区MDD的年龄标准化点患病率为3322.1,发病率为每100000人4921.7。此外,2019年有410万YLD。然而,在1990-2019年期间,MDD负担没有发生实质性变化。2019年,巴勒斯坦的MDD负担最高。可归因于MDD的最高患病率、发病率和YLD发生在35-39岁年龄组。2019年,中东和北非地区几乎所有年龄组的YLD发病率都高于全球。此外,YLD发病率和SDI之间存在广泛的负相关。结论:该研究强调了使用多学科方法预防该疾病的必要性,并为受影响的人提供具有成本效益的治疗,以提高他们的生活质量。
{"title":"The burden of major depressive disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.","authors":"Saeid Safiri, Seyed Ehsan Mousavi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Mark J M Sullman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani","doi":"10.1017/neu.2023.42","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability. We aimed to report the MDD-attributable prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publicly available data on the burden of MDD were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 for the 21 countries in MENA. The counts and age-standardised rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, MDD had an age-standardised point prevalence of 3322.1 and an incidence rate of 4921.7 per 100,000 population in MENA. Furthermore, there were 4.1 million YLDs in 2019. However, there were no substantial changes in the MDD burden over the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Palestine had the highest burden of MDD. The highest prevalence, incidence and YLDs attributable to MDD were found in the 35-39 age group. In 2019, the YLD rate in MENA was higher than the global rate for almost all age groups. Furthermore, there was a broadly negative association between the YLD rate and SDI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the need to prevent the disorder using a multidisciplinary approach and for the provision of cost-effective treatments for those affected, in order to increase their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring Dispositional Empathy in South African Children. 测量南非儿童的移情倾向。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.19
S. Malcolm-Smith, Lea-Ann Pileggi, Raphaella Lewis
OBJECTIVEEmpathy is a key factor to examine in development, because of its predictive associations with both aggression and successful prosocial behavior. However, established measures of empathy for Low-to-Middle Income Countries, including South Africa, are lacking. In children, parent-report measures are key. However, a local study examining empathy and aggression (Malcolm-Smith et al., 2015) found poor psychometric performance for a widely used parent-report measure of dispositional empathy, the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM). We thus investigated which of two questionnaires measuring dispositional cognitive and affective empathy perform better in this context.METHODWe contrasted internal consistency reliability of a simplified version of the GEM (SGEM; n = 160) and a parent-report version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; n = 440) in a low-mid socio-economic status sample. Convergence between the measures and factor structure were also assessed.RESULTSThe parent-report version of the QCAE performed well as a measure of child dispositional cognitive and affective empathy, with good reliability (overall α= .90 vs. SGEM α= .63), and confirmatory factor analysis supporting the two-factor structure. The SGEM's reliability and failure to correlate with QCAE indicated poor psychometric performance.CONCLUSIONThis is the first psychometric evaluation of the QCAE as a parent-report measure, and our results indicate that it should prove useful for future assessments of dispositional empathy in children across a variety of contexts.
目的移情是研究发展中的一个关键因素,因为它与攻击行为和成功的亲社会行为都有预测关联。然而,包括南非在内的中低收入国家缺乏对同理心的既定测量方法。对于儿童来说,家长报告是关键。然而,当地一项关于移情和攻击行为的研究(Malcolm-Smith 等人,2015 年)发现,一项广泛使用的家长报告型移情测量法--格里菲斯移情测量法(GEM)的心理测量性能不佳。因此,我们研究了两种测量认知和情感移情倾向的问卷,哪一种在这种情况下表现更好。方法我们在一个中低社会经济地位的样本中对比了简化版移情测量(SGEM;n = 160)和家长报告版认知与情感移情问卷(QCAE;n = 440)的内部一致性可靠性。结果作为对儿童认知和情感移情倾向的测量,家长报告版的 QCAE 表现良好,具有良好的可靠性(总体 α=.90 vs. SGEM α=.63),确认性因子分析支持双因子结构。SGEM 的可靠性和与 QCAE 的相关性不佳,表明其心理测量性能较差。结论 这是首次对 QCAE 作为家长报告测量方法进行心理测量评估,我们的结果表明,该方法将被证明有助于未来在各种情境下对儿童的处置性移情进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
A retrospective analysis of iv ketamine outcome on hospitalizations in an unselected psychiatric sample. 对未经选择的精神病样本中氯胺酮对住院治疗的影响进行回顾性分析。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.18
Karl Sandström, O. Kampman, Peter Asellus
OBJECTIVEThis study aims to explore the outcome with iv ketamine treatment in a real-world clinical setting, primarily measured as posttreatment days hospitalized.METHODSThe psychiatric medical records of 46 patients having received iv ketamine on a psychiatric treatment indication between 2015-2018 were retrospectively examined. Analysis comparing the number and duration of hospital admissions before and after ketamine treatment as well as logistic regression analysis to investigate clinical predictors of effectiveness, were performed. To assess patients' severity of depressed symptoms records were screened for MADRS-S scores.RESULTSNo significant difference between pre- and posttreatment hospital days (p=0.170), or number of hospitalizations (p=0.740) were found. The response rate was 31% and remission rate 21%. None of the predictors showed statistical significance in the logistic model.CONCLUSIONIv ketamine treatment showed effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms even with complex patients in a real-world clinical setting. However, this did not translate to a reduction in hospitalization. Highlighting the multifaceted challenges posed when implementing iv ketamine treatment in clinical practice.
目的本研究旨在探讨在真实世界临床环境中使用氯胺酮静脉注射治疗的效果,主要以治疗后住院天数为衡量标准。方法回顾性研究了2015-2018年间46名接受氯胺酮静脉注射治疗的精神科患者的病历。分析比较了氯胺酮治疗前后的入院次数和持续时间,并进行了逻辑回归分析,以调查有效性的临床预测因素。为了评估患者抑郁症状的严重程度,对病历进行了MADRS-S评分筛查。结果未发现治疗前后住院天数(P=0.170)或住院次数(P=0.740)有显著差异。应答率为 31%,缓解率为 21%。结论在真实世界的临床环境中,氯胺酮治疗即使对病情复杂的患者也能有效减轻抑郁症状。然而,这并没有降低住院率。这凸显了在临床实践中实施静脉氯胺酮治疗所面临的多方面挑战。
{"title":"A retrospective analysis of iv ketamine outcome on hospitalizations in an unselected psychiatric sample.","authors":"Karl Sandström, O. Kampman, Peter Asellus","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This study aims to explore the outcome with iv ketamine treatment in a real-world clinical setting, primarily measured as posttreatment days hospitalized.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The psychiatric medical records of 46 patients having received iv ketamine on a psychiatric treatment indication between 2015-2018 were retrospectively examined. Analysis comparing the number and duration of hospital admissions before and after ketamine treatment as well as logistic regression analysis to investigate clinical predictors of effectiveness, were performed. To assess patients' severity of depressed symptoms records were screened for MADRS-S scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No significant difference between pre- and posttreatment hospital days (p=0.170), or number of hospitalizations (p=0.740) were found. The response rate was 31% and remission rate 21%. None of the predictors showed statistical significance in the logistic model.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Iv ketamine treatment showed effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms even with complex patients in a real-world clinical setting. However, this did not translate to a reduction in hospitalization. Highlighting the multifaceted challenges posed when implementing iv ketamine treatment in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymorphisms in ERBB4 and TACR1 associated with dry mouth in clozapine-treated patients ERBB4和TACR1的多态性与氯氮平治疗患者的口干有关
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.9
Hanna Puolakka, Anssi Solismaa, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Merja Viikki, Niko Seppälä, Nina Mononen, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Kampman
Objective: Sialorrhea is a common and uncomfortable adverse effect of clozapine, and its severity varies between patients. The aim of the study was to select broadly genes related to the regulation of salivation and study associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth and polymorphisms in the selected genes. Methods: The study population consists of 237 clozapine-treated patients, of which 172 were genotyped. Associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth with age, sex, BMI, smoking, clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine serum levels, and other comedication were studied. Genetic associations were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models explaining sialorrhea and dry mouth with each SNP added separately to the model as coefficients. Results: Clozapine dose, clozapine or norclozapine concentration and their ratio were not associated with sialorrhea or dryness of mouth. Valproate use (p=0.013) and use of other antipsychotics (p=0.015) combined with clozapine were associated with excessive salivation. No associations were found between studied polymorphisms and sialorrhea. In analyses explaining dry mouth with logistic regression with age and sex as coefficients, two proxy-SNPs were associated with dry mouth: epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ERBB4) rs3942465 (adjusted p=0.025) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) rs58933792 (adjusted p=0.029). Conclusion: Use of valproate or antipsychotic polypharmacy may increase the risk of sialorrhea. Genetic variations in ERBB4 and TACR1 might contribute to experienced dryness of mouth among patients treated with clozapine.
目的:流涎是氯氮平常见的一种令人不适的不良反应,其严重程度因患者而异。本研究旨在广泛选择与唾液分泌调节相关的基因,并研究流涎和口干与所选基因多态性之间的关联。研究方法研究对象包括 237 名接受氯氮平治疗的患者,其中 172 人进行了基因分型。研究了流涎和口干与年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、氯氮平剂量、氯氮平和诺氯氮平血清水平以及其他药物治疗之间的关系。通过线性和逻辑回归模型分析了解释流泪和口干的遗传关联,每个 SNP 分别作为系数加入模型。研究结果氯氮平剂量、氯氮平或诺氯氮平浓度及其比值与流涎或口干无关。丙戊酸钠(p=0.013)和其他抗精神病药物(p=0.015)与氯氮平合用与唾液分泌过多有关。所研究的多态性与流涎之间没有关联。在以年龄和性别为系数的逻辑回归解释口干的分析中,两个代理-SNP 与口干有关:表皮生长因子受体 4 (ERBB4) rs3942465(调整后 p=0.025)和速激肽受体 1 (TACR1) rs58933792(调整后 p=0.029)。结论使用丙戊酸钠或抗精神病药多药合用可能会增加出汗的风险。ERBB4和TACR1的基因变异可能会导致使用氯氮平治疗的患者出现口干。
{"title":"Polymorphisms in ERBB4 and TACR1 associated with dry mouth in clozapine-treated patients","authors":"Hanna Puolakka, Anssi Solismaa, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Merja Viikki, Niko Seppälä, Nina Mononen, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Kampman","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sialorrhea is a common and uncomfortable adverse effect of clozapine, and its severity varies between patients. The aim of the study was to select broadly genes related to the regulation of salivation and study associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth and polymorphisms in the selected genes. Methods: The study population consists of 237 clozapine-treated patients, of which 172 were genotyped. Associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth with age, sex, BMI, smoking, clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine serum levels, and other comedication were studied. Genetic associations were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models explaining sialorrhea and dry mouth with each SNP added separately to the model as coefficients. Results: Clozapine dose, clozapine or norclozapine concentration and their ratio were not associated with sialorrhea or dryness of mouth. Valproate use (p=0.013) and use of other antipsychotics (p=0.015) combined with clozapine were associated with excessive salivation. No associations were found between studied polymorphisms and sialorrhea. In analyses explaining dry mouth with logistic regression with age and sex as coefficients, two proxy-SNPs were associated with dry mouth: <jats:italic>epidermal growth factor receptor 4</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ERBB4</jats:italic>) rs3942465 (adjusted p=0.025) <jats:italic>and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1)</jats:italic> rs58933792 (adjusted p=0.029). Conclusion: Use of valproate or antipsychotic polypharmacy may increase the risk of sialorrhea. Genetic variations in <jats:italic>ERBB4</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TACR1</jats:italic> might contribute to experienced dryness of mouth among patients treated with clozapine.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association Between Cortical Thickness or Surface Area and Divergent Thinking in Patients with Bipolar Disorder 双相情感障碍患者皮质厚度或表面积与发散性思维之间的关系
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.17
Pei-Chi Tu, Wan-Chen Chang, Yi-Hsuan Kuan, Mu-Hong Chen, Tung-Ping Su
Objective: Divergent thinking is a critical creative cognitive process. Its neural mechanisms have been well-studied through structural and functional imaging in healthy individuals but are less explored in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Because of the traditional link between creativity and BD, this study investigated the structural correlates of divergent thinking in patients with BD through surface-based morphometry. Methods: Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with BD I or BD II (35.3 ± 8.5 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched controls (33.9 ± 7.4 years) were recruited. The participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and an evaluation of divergent thinking by using the Chinese version of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA). FreeSurfer 7.0 was used to generate thickness and surface area maps for each participant. Brainwise regression of the association between cortical thickness or surface area and ATTA performance was conducted using general linear models. Results: Divergent thinking performance did not differ significantly between the patients with BD and the healthy controls. In these patients, total ATTA score was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle frontal gyrus, right occipital, and left precuneus but positively correlated with the surface area of the right superior frontal gyrus. By contrast, total ATTA scores and cortical thickness or surface area were not significantly correlated among the controls. Conclusion: The findings indicate that divergent thinking involves cerebral structures for executive control, mental imagery, and visual processing in patients with BD, and the right prefrontal cortex might be the most crucial of these structures.
目标发散思维是一种重要的创造性认知过程。其神经机制已通过结构和功能成像对健康人进行了深入研究,但对躁狂症(BD)患者的研究较少。由于创造力与躁狂症之间的传统联系,本研究通过基于表面的形态测量法研究了躁狂症患者发散思维的结构相关性。研究方法招募了 59 名诊断为 BD I 或 BD II 的患者(35.3 ± 8.5 岁)和 56 名年龄和性别匹配的对照组患者(33.9 ± 7.4 岁)。参与者均接受了结构性磁共振成像检查,并使用中文版简略托伦斯成人测验(ATTA)对发散性思维进行了评估。使用 FreeSurfer 7.0 为每位参与者生成厚度和表面积图。使用一般线性模型对皮层厚度或表面积与 ATTA 成绩之间的关联进行脑回归。结果显示发散性思维能力在 BD 患者和健康对照组之间没有明显差异。在这些患者中,ATTA总分与右额叶中回、右枕叶和左楔前叶的皮质厚度呈负相关,但与右额叶上回的表面积呈正相关。相比之下,对照组的 ATTA 总分与皮质厚度或表面积无明显相关性。结论研究结果表明,BD 患者的发散性思维涉及执行控制、心理想象和视觉处理的大脑结构,而右侧前额叶皮层可能是其中最关键的结构。
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Acta Neuropsychiatrica
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