Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.564
Mehrnaz Asadi, Mahsa Alizadeh
The role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and diagnosis, especially in the creation of new generation cancer diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Attempts to incorporate therapeutic and diagnostic properties in a single efficient nanomedicine solution have been made in large numbers. This concept, coined "theranostics," is a smart nanosystem capable of diagnosing, successful dissemination, and therapeutic reaction tracking. By integrating clinical functionality with molecular imaging, therapeutic interventions can be useful in the selection of medication, treatment preparation, objective response control and follow-up planning based on the specific molecular characteristics of the disorder. Here, we summarize a number of recent efforts in this regard and demonstrate that therapeutic systems and techniques have considerable potential for tracking and optimizing nanomedicine-mediated drug targeting.
{"title":"Metallic nanomaterials in cancer theranostics: A review of Iron oxide and Gold-based nanomaterials","authors":"Mehrnaz Asadi, Mahsa Alizadeh","doi":"10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.564","url":null,"abstract":"The role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and diagnosis, especially in the creation of new generation cancer \u0000 \u0000diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Attempts to incorporate \u0000 \u0000therapeutic and diagnostic properties in a single efficient nanomedicine solution have been made in large numbers. This \u0000 \u0000concept, coined \"theranostics,\" is a smart nanosystem capable of diagnosing, successful dissemination, and \u0000 \u0000therapeutic reaction tracking. By integrating clinical functionality with molecular imaging, therapeutic interventions can \u0000 \u0000be useful in the selection of medication, treatment preparation, objective response control and follow-up planning based \u0000 \u0000on the specific molecular characteristics of the disorder. Here, we summarize a number of recent efforts in this regard \u0000 \u0000and demonstrate that therapeutic systems and techniques have considerable potential for tracking and optimizing \u0000 \u0000nanomedicine-mediated drug targeting.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87989208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1063
Mosadegh Keshavarz, A. Rostamia, M. Dolatyari, R. gh, S. Khosravi
In this paper, a nano-metamaterial with the structure of Ag-SiO2-PbTe is proposed that has a random arrangement in the host medium of expanded polystyrene (foam) for the realization of a broadband negative refractive index at the visible spectrum. The negative refractive index for the purposed meta-material was obtained from the plasmonic resonance in the core and outer layer for both electric and magnetic components of light. Here, we use different radii for the outer layer of nanoparticles to create the broadband negative permeability. In this way, the doped semiconductor nanoparticles are included in the host medium to create the broadband negative permittivity. The overlap between the spectrum of the negative permittivity and permeability introduces the broadband negative refractive index at the visible band. The novel introduced structure creates the broadband negative refractive index and it is simple and practical for fabrication. For the realization of the proposed material, synthesis and characterization of the designed nanocomposite structure are investigated. To this end, the absorption and the transmission coefficients of the synthesized material are measured and compared with theoretical results. The obtained results indicate that the numerical simulations using Mie theory have good agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"Synthesis and Simulation of Nano-Composite Metamaterial for Broadband Negative Refractive Index in Visible Spectral Regime","authors":"Mosadegh Keshavarz, A. Rostamia, M. Dolatyari, R. gh, S. Khosravi","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1063","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a nano-metamaterial with the structure of Ag-SiO2-PbTe is proposed that has a random arrangement in the host medium of expanded polystyrene (foam) for the realization of a broadband negative refractive index at the visible spectrum. The negative refractive index for the purposed meta-material was obtained from the plasmonic resonance in the core and outer layer for both electric and magnetic components of light. Here, we use different radii for the outer layer of nanoparticles to create the broadband negative permeability. In this way, the doped semiconductor nanoparticles are included in the host medium to create the broadband negative permittivity. The overlap between the spectrum of the negative permittivity and permeability introduces the broadband negative refractive index at the visible band. The novel introduced structure creates the broadband negative refractive index and it is simple and practical for fabrication. For the realization of the proposed material, synthesis and characterization of the designed nanocomposite structure are investigated. To this end, the absorption and the transmission coefficients of the synthesized material are measured and compared with theoretical results. The obtained results indicate that the numerical simulations using Mie theory have good agreement with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75862462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1062
Grueso Em, Giraldéz Pérez Rm, R. Pradogotor, Spain Immunology
Since successful therapy for curing cancer and others genetic diseases requires the transport of DNA into the cell by delivery vehicles, the understanding of the factors that control the complexation and condensation of the DNA is a key problem. During the last decade, researchers have developed some uses of nanoparticles-DNA systems, the majority of these studies dealing with NPs, which are covalently bound to the DNA. However, the kinetic aspect of AuNPs/DNA system by non-covalent interactions is less explored. Moreover, the role of high salt concentrations in these studies is of great interest due to the majority of nanoparticles have a great tendency to aggregate upon exposure to biological medium, significantly alter the uptake extent, rate, and mechanism of AuNPs/DNA interaction. As a contribution to this field, we have studied kinetics aspects of the binding of small tiopronin gold nanoparticles, AuNPs, to double stranded DNA in at high salt concentration by using the stopped-flow technique. The kinetic curves are biexponential and reveal the presence of two kinetic steps. Moreover, AFM studies reveal AuNPs aggregation in the presence of high salt content, while the same particle are well-dispersed in water. A two-step series mechanism reaction scheme was proposed. According to the reaction scheme, the formation of an intermediate complex formed by aggregated gold nanoparticles and DNA precedes the rate-determining step of the reaction.
{"title":"Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation on the Kinetic Aspect of AuNPs/DNA Interactions","authors":"Grueso Em, Giraldéz Pérez Rm, R. Pradogotor, Spain Immunology","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJNANOMEDNANOTECHNOL.2021.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Since successful therapy for curing cancer and others genetic diseases requires the transport of DNA into the cell by delivery vehicles, the understanding of the factors that control the complexation and condensation of the DNA is a key problem. During the last decade, researchers have developed some uses of nanoparticles-DNA systems, the majority of these studies dealing with NPs, which are covalently bound to the DNA. However, the kinetic aspect of AuNPs/DNA system by non-covalent interactions is less explored. Moreover, the role of high salt concentrations in these studies is of great interest due to the majority of nanoparticles have a great tendency to aggregate upon exposure to biological medium, significantly alter the uptake extent, rate, and mechanism of AuNPs/DNA interaction. As a contribution to this field, we have studied kinetics aspects of the binding of small tiopronin gold nanoparticles, AuNPs, to double stranded DNA in at high salt concentration by using the stopped-flow technique. The kinetic curves are biexponential and reveal the presence of two kinetic steps. Moreover, AFM studies reveal AuNPs aggregation in the presence of high salt content, while the same particle are well-dispersed in water. A two-step series mechanism reaction scheme was proposed. According to the reaction scheme, the formation of an intermediate complex formed by aggregated gold nanoparticles and DNA precedes the rate-determining step of the reaction.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"675 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76863963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.562
M. Ali
In the 21st Century, human has made an enormous advance in the field of science particularly in the area of nanotechnology and finds wide application in the fields of environmental protection, hygiene, therapy, and agriculture due to the high efficacy of nanoparticle. But the actual reason for the higher efficacy of nanoparticle is yet not clear in the true sense. Researchers consider that the nanoparticles show higher efficacy/toxicity due to their large surface area. But on the other side, the researcher also reported that non-spherical nanoparticles also shown the same or some times higher toxicity or efficacy than spherical nanoparticles. Therefore, this hypothesis is made to explain; why some times non-spherical nanoparticles show the same or higher efficacy/toxicity instead of having low surface area than a spherical nanoparticle.
{"title":"Is Nanoparticle Efficacy is a Function of Surface Area","authors":"M. Ali","doi":"10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7439.21.9.562","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st Century, human has made an enormous advance in the field of science particularly in the area of nanotechnology and finds wide application in the fields of environmental protection, hygiene, therapy, and agriculture due to the high efficacy of nanoparticle. But the actual reason for the higher efficacy of nanoparticle is yet not clear in the true sense. Researchers consider that the nanoparticles show higher efficacy/toxicity due to their large surface area. But on the other side, the researcher also reported that non-spherical nanoparticles also shown the same or some times higher toxicity or efficacy than spherical nanoparticles. Therefore, this hypothesis is made to explain; why some times non-spherical nanoparticles show the same or higher efficacy/toxicity instead of having low surface area than a spherical nanoparticle.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80006596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.572
D. Grewal, R. Kaur
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
{"title":"Nanobots as an Alternative for Treatment to Vaccines for COVID-19","authors":"D. Grewal, R. Kaur","doi":"10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.572","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79522349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.560
Aroutiounian Vm
The paper presents and discusses works carried out both at Yerevan State University and abroad on non-invasive metal oxide sensors (chemiresistors) for acetone exhaled by a diabetic. The technologies and parameters of chemiresistors based on tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, Fe2O3, In2O3 and TiO2 developed at YSU and in the world are presented. Most likely, it makes sense to start investigations start with concentration 1 ppm acetone. The response of the MWCNT-doped SnO2 chemiresistors was measured at a concentration of acetone from 1 to 12 ppm, characteristic of diabetics at a relatively early stage of the disease.
{"title":"On Non-Invasive Measurements of Exhaled Aceton Using Metal Oxide Nanosensors","authors":"Aroutiounian Vm","doi":"10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.560","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents and discusses works carried out both at Yerevan State University and abroad on non-invasive metal oxide sensors (chemiresistors) for acetone exhaled by a diabetic. The technologies and parameters of chemiresistors based on tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, Fe2O3, In2O3 and TiO2 developed at YSU and in the world are presented. Most likely, it makes sense to start investigations start with concentration 1 ppm acetone. The response of the MWCNT-doped SnO2 chemiresistors was measured at a concentration of acetone from 1 to 12 ppm, characteristic of diabetics at a relatively early stage of the disease.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75344592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.582
Amedeo Xu
{"title":"Applications of Single-Domain Magnetic Nanoparticles","authors":"Amedeo Xu","doi":"10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7439.21.12.582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81916232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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