Pub Date : 2018-02-05DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000482
Xueqin Chen, Zhengguang Sun, Bingbing Jiang, Cao Li
Osseointegration and infection prevention are of great importance for the long-term success of bone-in-contact implants. In this study, we developed multi-drug loaded polypeptide nanofilms on orthopedic implant models for potential enhanced osseointegration and improved infection prevention. RGD, a cell-adhesive ligand, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor, and gentamicin, a common antibiotic, were successfully incorporated into one single polypeptide nanofilm. On one hand, the incorporation of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) within polypeptide nanofilms significantly improved osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability. The incorporation of TGF-β1 led to enhanced osteoblast cell proliferation at day 5 and improved cell viability as well. However, polypeptide nanofilms with RGD or a combination of RGD and TGF also promoted bacterial growth after 2 days. On the other hand, the incorporation of gentamicin resulted in anticipated antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the incorporation of gentamicin alone had reduced cell adhesion and proliferation. By combining RGD and TGF with gentamicin within a single nanofilm, an ideal surface with overall improved osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, viability, and antibacterial properties was able to be achieved. The developed multi-drug loaded polypeptide nanofilms may provide a promising means for not only enhancing tissue integration but also simultaneously reducing bacterial infection.
{"title":"Multifuctional Nanofilm for Stimulating Bone Cell Attachment, Proliferation and Preventing Bacterial Colonization","authors":"Xueqin Chen, Zhengguang Sun, Bingbing Jiang, Cao Li","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000482","url":null,"abstract":"Osseointegration and infection prevention are of great importance for the long-term success of bone-in-contact implants. In this study, we developed multi-drug loaded polypeptide nanofilms on orthopedic implant models for potential enhanced osseointegration and improved infection prevention. RGD, a cell-adhesive ligand, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor, and gentamicin, a common antibiotic, were successfully incorporated into one single polypeptide nanofilm. On one hand, the incorporation of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) within polypeptide nanofilms significantly improved osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability. The incorporation of TGF-β1 led to enhanced osteoblast cell proliferation at day 5 and improved cell viability as well. However, polypeptide nanofilms with RGD or a combination of RGD and TGF also promoted bacterial growth after 2 days. On the other hand, the incorporation of gentamicin resulted in anticipated antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the incorporation of gentamicin alone had reduced cell adhesion and proliferation. By combining RGD and TGF with gentamicin within a single nanofilm, an ideal surface with overall improved osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, viability, and antibacterial properties was able to be achieved. The developed multi-drug loaded polypeptide nanofilms may provide a promising means for not only enhancing tissue integration but also simultaneously reducing bacterial infection.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78276002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000479
Namita Giri, Chi H. Lee
Advanced mucus infiltrating nanoparticles (NPs) based on ES-100 have been developed for the intravaginal delivery of Dapivirine against HIV-1. They were further surface engineered with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) that helps them overcome the mucosal barrier via enhanced pH-mediated infiltration properties. PEG coated NPs (PCN) loaded with Dapivirine was characterized for particle size distribution, morphology, loading efficiency and mucus infiltration properties. The cellular uptake profiles of PCN by human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 E6/E7) were examined using confocal microscopy. The cytotoxicity of PCN was assessed using MTS assay as well as Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. The mucus infiltration rates of PCN were examined on the in-vitro simulated cervico-vaginal mucus system and ex vivo porcine vaginal tissues. PCN loaded with Dapivirine possessed physiochemical properties, readily traversing through mucus layer. The IR spectra of both NPs (i.e., NP uncoated but loaded with Dapivirine and PCN that were loaded with Dapivirine) did not display any additional peaks representing new functional groups, indicating there were no significant interactions among drug, PEG2000 and formulations components. The percentage yield, entrapment efficiency and loading efficacy of Dapivirine in PCN were around 75%, 64.6% and 2.03%, respectively. The micrographs of freeze dried NPs analyzed by SEM displayed smooth surface spherical particles that were previously demonstrated from the DLS study. TEM images confirmed the presence of coated PEG2000 that is supported by the difference in the zeta potential values. The results of MTS assay as well as Annexin V-FITC/PI assay demonstrated that PCN loaded with Dapivirine maintained 85% viability of human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 E6/E7) upon exposure to the concentrations up to 0.1 mg/ml of Dapivirine in PCN. Alamar blue assay also demonstrated that cells exposed to PCN at the concentration up to 500 μg/ml were viable, indicating that PCN did not exert any cytotoxicity. The data from ensemble-averaged geometric mean square displacements confirmed that PEG2000 coating significantly enhanced the uptake rates as well as mucus penetration rates of PCN. PCN mimics two basic features of HIV-1 (i.e. capability to stay unreactive/unresponsive at acidic pH and exerting its action at neutral pH) and has achieved the enhanced mucus penetration rate. This PCN can serve as an ideal platform for vaginal delivery of Dapivirine against HIV-1.
{"title":"Advanced Mucus Infiltrating Nanoparticles for Microbicide Delivery","authors":"Namita Giri, Chi H. Lee","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000479","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced mucus infiltrating nanoparticles (NPs) based on ES-100 have been developed for the intravaginal delivery of Dapivirine against HIV-1. They were further surface engineered with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) that helps them overcome the mucosal barrier via enhanced pH-mediated infiltration properties. PEG coated NPs (PCN) loaded with Dapivirine was characterized for particle size distribution, morphology, loading efficiency and mucus infiltration properties. The cellular uptake profiles of PCN by human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 E6/E7) were examined using confocal microscopy. The cytotoxicity of PCN was assessed using MTS assay as well as Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. The mucus infiltration rates of PCN were examined on the in-vitro simulated cervico-vaginal mucus system and ex vivo porcine vaginal tissues. PCN loaded with Dapivirine possessed physiochemical properties, readily traversing through mucus layer. The IR spectra of both NPs (i.e., NP uncoated but loaded with Dapivirine and PCN that were loaded with Dapivirine) did not display any additional peaks representing new functional groups, indicating there were no significant interactions among drug, PEG2000 and formulations components. The percentage yield, entrapment efficiency and loading efficacy of Dapivirine in PCN were around 75%, 64.6% and 2.03%, respectively. The micrographs of freeze dried NPs analyzed by SEM displayed smooth surface spherical particles that were previously demonstrated from the DLS study. TEM images confirmed the presence of coated PEG2000 that is supported by the difference in the zeta potential values. The results of MTS assay as well as Annexin V-FITC/PI assay demonstrated that PCN loaded with Dapivirine maintained 85% viability of human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 E6/E7) upon exposure to the concentrations up to 0.1 mg/ml of Dapivirine in PCN. Alamar blue assay also demonstrated that cells exposed to PCN at the concentration up to 500 μg/ml were viable, indicating that PCN did not exert any cytotoxicity. The data from ensemble-averaged geometric mean square displacements confirmed that PEG2000 coating significantly enhanced the uptake rates as well as mucus penetration rates of PCN. PCN mimics two basic features of HIV-1 (i.e. capability to stay unreactive/unresponsive at acidic pH and exerting its action at neutral pH) and has achieved the enhanced mucus penetration rate. This PCN can serve as an ideal platform for vaginal delivery of Dapivirine against HIV-1.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"159 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75126972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000514
O. Shelke, Amol A. Kulkarni
Ethosomes are innovative nanovesicles containing the drug in a matrix of lipids, ethanol and water. The ethosomes are soft and a highly flexible vesicle efficiently penetrates through the skin and increases the drug delivery of drug molecules. Ethosomes are elastic vesicles made up of Phospholipids containing 20-45% ethanol. Ethanol also acts as a penetration enhancer by dissolving the skin lipids. The ethosomes overcomes the disadvantages of Liposomes and proliposomes such as less stability, scalability issues, leakage of drugs, fusion of vesicles and breaking of vesicles. Ethanol is a well-known permeation enhancer. Ethosomes are highly flexible which permits the elastic vesicles to squeeze themselves among the skin pores. Ethanol gives the net negative charge on the surface of ethosome vesicles due to which aggregation is avoided because of electrostatic repulsion. Ethosomes are much more stable than the Liposomes and proliposomes. Topically administered ethosomes increases the residence time of the drug molecule in the different layers of skin such as stratum corneum, epidermis and reduces the systemic absorption. Because of all these properties, ethosomes get easily permeated in the deeper layer of skin and circulation. Ethanol in deeper layers of skin leads to disruption of the skin which increases the lipid fluidity that allows enhanced permeation of drug molecule through the skin. Ethosomes fuses with the skin lipids to release the drug into the deeper layers of skin [1-4].
{"title":"Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Nano Ethosomal Gel of Tramadol Hydrochloride","authors":"O. Shelke, Amol A. Kulkarni","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000514","url":null,"abstract":"Ethosomes are innovative nanovesicles containing the drug in a matrix of lipids, ethanol and water. The ethosomes are soft and a highly flexible vesicle efficiently penetrates through the skin and increases the drug delivery of drug molecules. Ethosomes are elastic vesicles made up of Phospholipids containing 20-45% ethanol. Ethanol also acts as a penetration enhancer by dissolving the skin lipids. The ethosomes overcomes the disadvantages of Liposomes and proliposomes such as less stability, scalability issues, leakage of drugs, fusion of vesicles and breaking of vesicles. Ethanol is a well-known permeation enhancer. Ethosomes are highly flexible which permits the elastic vesicles to squeeze themselves among the skin pores. Ethanol gives the net negative charge on the surface of ethosome vesicles due to which aggregation is avoided because of electrostatic repulsion. Ethosomes are much more stable than the Liposomes and proliposomes. Topically administered ethosomes increases the residence time of the drug molecule in the different layers of skin such as stratum corneum, epidermis and reduces the systemic absorption. Because of all these properties, ethosomes get easily permeated in the deeper layer of skin and circulation. Ethanol in deeper layers of skin leads to disruption of the skin which increases the lipid fluidity that allows enhanced permeation of drug molecule through the skin. Ethosomes fuses with the skin lipids to release the drug into the deeper layers of skin [1-4].","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81947512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000487
W. Majeed, Maryam Zafar, A. Bhatti, P. John
Selenium plays essential role in regulating function of many selenoproteins in body. It is an important micronutrient and its supplementation provides tremendous health benefits. It has been found that humans have 25 selenoproteins that play important roles in the body. Therefore, deficiency of selenium can lead to many chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Selenium is also important in reducing inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress and in improving bone health. Selenium improves functioning of immune system, maintains oxidative balance in body and decreases bone resorption. Toxicicity issues related to selenium have moved the direction of research towards nano particles (NPs) of selenium as in nano form selenium is less toxic and safer for living systems. In nano form the entire properties of selenium are changed as compared to its bulk form. In this review, we have described the various health-care applications of SeNPs (selenium nanoparticles). It is also discussed that how nanoselenium can act as a promising agent in treating chronic health disorders.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Selenium Nanoparticles","authors":"W. Majeed, Maryam Zafar, A. Bhatti, P. John","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000487","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium plays essential role in regulating function of many selenoproteins in body. It is an important micronutrient and its supplementation provides tremendous health benefits. It has been found that humans have 25 selenoproteins that play important roles in the body. Therefore, deficiency of selenium can lead to many chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Selenium is also important in reducing inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress and in improving bone health. Selenium improves functioning of immune system, maintains oxidative balance in body and decreases bone resorption. Toxicicity issues related to selenium have moved the direction of research towards nano particles (NPs) of selenium as in nano form selenium is less toxic and safer for living systems. In nano form the entire properties of selenium are changed as compared to its bulk form. In this review, we have described the various health-care applications of SeNPs (selenium nanoparticles). It is also discussed that how nanoselenium can act as a promising agent in treating chronic health disorders.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88095463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000490
M. Valcárcel
The main purpose of this perspective article is to open the eyes of chemists to the great potential of Nanothera(g) nosis, an emerging branch in Medicine, and the crucial roles that they can play in this promising topic in an interdisciplinary atmosphere. The present and future situation of Nanothera(g)nosis in the Nanomedicine field are critically presented and discussed in this minireview by distilling the most relevant insights of this relatively recent but hot topic. After a contextualization of it, the updated generalities of Nanothera(g)nosis are deal with. The most frequent thera(g)noastic agents participating in this process as well as the main types of Nanothera(g)nosis processes according to several classification criteria are reported. A brief description of the potential impact of Nanothera(g)nosis in several relevant diseases are also presented. The crucial roles of Chemistry in the two bottle-necks of Nanothera(g)nosis namely the synthesis of isolated carrier nanothera(g)nositc agents and conjugated nanothera(g)nostic nanoparticles as well as the (bio)chemical analysis (i.e. quality assurance, monitoring of synthetic procedures and the characterization of final pharmaceutical drug) are outlined. Finally, some author´s reflections about the future of this emerging nanotechnology included.
{"title":"Nanothera(g)nosis and Chemistry: A Fruitful Binomial","authors":"M. Valcárcel","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000490","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this perspective article is to open the eyes of chemists to the great potential of Nanothera(g) nosis, an emerging branch in Medicine, and the crucial roles that they can play in this promising topic in an interdisciplinary atmosphere. The present and future situation of Nanothera(g)nosis in the Nanomedicine field are critically presented and discussed in this minireview by distilling the most relevant insights of this relatively recent but hot topic. After a contextualization of it, the updated generalities of Nanothera(g)nosis are deal with. The most frequent thera(g)noastic agents participating in this process as well as the main types of Nanothera(g)nosis processes according to several classification criteria are reported. A brief description of the potential impact of Nanothera(g)nosis in several relevant diseases are also presented. The crucial roles of Chemistry in the two bottle-necks of Nanothera(g)nosis namely the synthesis of isolated carrier nanothera(g)nositc agents and conjugated nanothera(g)nostic nanoparticles as well as the (bio)chemical analysis (i.e. quality assurance, monitoring of synthetic procedures and the characterization of final pharmaceutical drug) are outlined. Finally, some author´s reflections about the future of this emerging nanotechnology included.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85347732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000489
C. Gagnon, Bruneau A, T. P., Pilote M, Gagne F
Once released in the environment, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can undergo important transformation resulting in changed properties under natural conditions. This study investigated the fate, the bioavailability and the immunotoxicity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in fish exposed to CeO2 in representative surface waters differing in pH, organic matter content and conductivity (green and brown waters). Following an incubation period of NP CeO2 in different surface waters, particle size distribution and shape were determined by ultrafiltration and ICP-mass spectrometry, electronic microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DSL). Bioaccumulation and effect biomarkers focusing on the immune system responses (viability of immune cells and phagocytic activity) were also determined. Particle size distributions significantly changed under all types of surface waters where aggregation of NPs was commonly observed. Indeed, >90% of NPs CeO2 were found as aggregates (>450 nm) and large colloids (>100 nm). Less than 1% cerium (Ce) was found in the truly dissolved fraction (<1 kDa) suggesting no evidence of degradation for NP CeO2 in the water samples after 96 h. The NPs CeO2 were preferably accumulated in fish gills and accumulation was the highest in green waters which contained less total organic carbon (TOC), higher conductivity (218 μS/cm) and higher pH (7.8-8.0) than brown waters. The toxic properties (induced phagocytosis) of NP CeO2 also differed when dispersed in brown, green and tap waters. NPs CeO2 induced fish mortality at initial concentration of 10 μg/L Ce in both tap and green waters but not in brown waters which have different and high organic matter sources, lower pH and conductivity values. In conclusion, NPs CeO2 tends aggregate in representative freshwater, adsorb on gills and the immunotoxic potential is reduced in the presence of high natural organic matter, mildly acidic pH and low conductivity as found in brown waters.
{"title":"Fate of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Natural Waters and Immunotoxicity in Exposed Rainbow Trout","authors":"C. Gagnon, Bruneau A, T. P., Pilote M, Gagne F","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000489","url":null,"abstract":"Once released in the environment, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can undergo important transformation resulting in changed properties under natural conditions. This study investigated the fate, the bioavailability and the immunotoxicity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in fish exposed to CeO2 in representative surface waters differing in pH, organic matter content and conductivity (green and brown waters). Following an incubation period of NP CeO2 in different surface waters, particle size distribution and shape were determined by ultrafiltration and ICP-mass spectrometry, electronic microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DSL). Bioaccumulation and effect biomarkers focusing on the immune system responses (viability of immune cells and phagocytic activity) were also determined. Particle size distributions significantly changed under all types of surface waters where aggregation of NPs was commonly observed. Indeed, >90% of NPs CeO2 were found as aggregates (>450 nm) and large colloids (>100 nm). Less than 1% cerium (Ce) was found in the truly dissolved fraction (<1 kDa) suggesting no evidence of degradation for NP CeO2 in the water samples after 96 h. The NPs CeO2 were preferably accumulated in fish gills and accumulation was the highest in green waters which contained less total organic carbon (TOC), higher conductivity (218 μS/cm) and higher pH (7.8-8.0) than brown waters. The toxic properties (induced phagocytosis) of NP CeO2 also differed when dispersed in brown, green and tap waters. NPs CeO2 induced fish mortality at initial concentration of 10 μg/L Ce in both tap and green waters but not in brown waters which have different and high organic matter sources, lower pH and conductivity values. In conclusion, NPs CeO2 tends aggregate in representative freshwater, adsorb on gills and the immunotoxic potential is reduced in the presence of high natural organic matter, mildly acidic pH and low conductivity as found in brown waters.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78196711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-04-13DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000496
William Ghann, Hyeonggon Kang, Jamal Uddin, Sunalee J Gonawala, Sheikh Mahatabuddin, Meser M Ali
Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated with DyLight680 (DL680) dye and its corresponding europium conjugated dendrimer, DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM, to study the effect of europium on the current and voltage characteristics of the DL680 dye sensitized solar cell. The dye samples were characterized by using Absorption Spectroscopy, Emission Spectroscopy, Fluorescence lifetime and Fourier Transform Infrared measurements. Transmission electron microscopy imaging was carried out on the DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye and DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye sensitized titanium dioxide nanoparticles to analyze the size of the dye molecules and examine the interaction of the dye with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye sensitized solar cells demonstrated an enhanced solar-to-electric energy conversion of 0.32% under full light illumination (100 mWcm−2, AM 1.5 Global) in comparison with that of DL680 dye sensitized cells which recorded an average solar-to-electric energy conversion of only 0.19%. The improvement of the efficiency could be due to the presence of the europium that enhances the propensity of dye to absorb sunlight.
采用DyLight680 (DL680)染料及其相应的铕共轭树状大分子DL680- eu - g5pamam制备染料敏化太阳能电池，研究铕对DL680染料敏化太阳能电池电流和电压特性的影响。利用吸收光谱、发射光谱、荧光寿命和傅里叶变换红外光谱对染料样品进行了表征。对DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM染料和DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM染料敏化二氧化钛纳米粒子进行透射电镜成像，分析染料分子的大小，考察染料与二氧化钛纳米粒子的相互作用。与DL680染料敏化电池相比，DL680- eu - g5pamam染料敏化太阳能电池在全光照(100 mWcm-2, AM 1.5 Global)下的太阳能到电力的能量转换提高了0.32%，而DL680染料敏化电池的平均太阳能到电力的能量转换仅为0.19%。效率的提高可能是由于铕的存在增强了染料吸收阳光的倾向。
{"title":"Dendrimer-based Nanoparticle for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency.","authors":"William Ghann, Hyeonggon Kang, Jamal Uddin, Sunalee J Gonawala, Sheikh Mahatabuddin, Meser M Ali","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000496","url":null,"abstract":"Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated with DyLight680 (DL680) dye and its corresponding europium conjugated dendrimer, DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM, to study the effect of europium on the current and voltage characteristics of the DL680 dye sensitized solar cell. The dye samples were characterized by using Absorption Spectroscopy, Emission Spectroscopy, Fluorescence lifetime and Fourier Transform Infrared measurements. Transmission electron microscopy imaging was carried out on the DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye and DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye sensitized titanium dioxide nanoparticles to analyze the size of the dye molecules and examine the interaction of the dye with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The DL680-Eu-G5PAMAM dye sensitized solar cells demonstrated an enhanced solar-to-electric energy conversion of 0.32% under full light illumination (100 mWcm−2, AM 1.5 Global) in comparison with that of DL680 dye sensitized cells which recorded an average solar-to-electric energy conversion of only 0.19%. The improvement of the efficiency could be due to the presence of the europium that enhances the propensity of dye to absorb sunlight.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7439.1000496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36189431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000509
Bali Gk, S. S, K. Y, Dumka Vk, Kalia A, Sharma M, M. N
The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize ceftriaxone loaded BSA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was done. SEM and TEM revealed that the nanoparticles had a smooth and spherical surface and FT-IR revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and the polymer. Encapsulation efficacy of nanoparticles was 44.8%. The mean particle size of BSA obtained was 149.46 ± 1.05 nm, PDI was 0.09 and the zeta potential was -28 mV. In vitro drug release at pH 7.4 was found to be 85.8% at 12 h time period. Various mathematical models were used and the values nearest to R2 were evaluated. Model fitting revealed that it followed the Higuchi and Korsmeyer Peppas Model. The values of R were higher for Higuchi and Korsmeyers peppas model. Pharmacodynamic studies were done, for S. aureus the results of MIC and MBC of Drug were 2.51 μg and 3 μg. The results of MIC and MBC of sample were 1.51 μg and 2.1 μg and for E. coli the results of MIC and MBC of Drug were 0.05 μg and 0.08 μg. The results of MIC and MBC of sample were 0.05 μg and 0.05 μg.
{"title":"Preparation, Physico-Chemical Characterization and Pharmacodynamics of Ceftriaxone Loaded BSA Nanoparticles","authors":"Bali Gk, S. S, K. Y, Dumka Vk, Kalia A, Sharma M, M. N","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000509","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize ceftriaxone loaded BSA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was done. SEM and TEM revealed that the nanoparticles had a smooth and spherical surface and FT-IR revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and the polymer. Encapsulation efficacy of nanoparticles was 44.8%. The mean particle size of BSA obtained was 149.46 ± 1.05 nm, PDI was 0.09 and the zeta potential was -28 mV. In vitro drug release at pH 7.4 was found to be 85.8% at 12 h time period. Various mathematical models were used and the values nearest to R2 were evaluated. Model fitting revealed that it followed the Higuchi and Korsmeyer Peppas Model. The values of R were higher for Higuchi and Korsmeyers peppas model. Pharmacodynamic studies were done, for S. aureus the results of MIC and MBC of Drug were 2.51 μg and 3 μg. The results of MIC and MBC of sample were 1.51 μg and 2.1 μg and for E. coli the results of MIC and MBC of Drug were 0.05 μg and 0.08 μg. The results of MIC and MBC of sample were 0.05 μg and 0.05 μg.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"88 23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84072971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000520
C. Arib, Serena Milano, A. Gerbino, Jol, A. Spadavecchia
Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) have already a remarkable interest as viable biomedical materials. Additionally, the strategy of using biomolecules to modify their surface properties is a very attractive as it leads to the generation of new nanometric hybrid materials. In this respect, aptamers, functional small single-strand oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA), are ideal candidates for molecular targeting applications since the high affinity to their target molecules. Thus, the urge of new and effective methodologies to graft aptamers on AuNPs is rapidly increasing especially for applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine, including early diagnosis and drug delivery. Here we used two chemical methodologies to conjugate the aptamer (APT) onto pegylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs): the carbodiimide chemistry (EDC/NHS) (methodology ON) and the chelation-bond (R-Au bond) (methodology IN). The aptamer's conjugations with the PEGAuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis absorption, Raman Spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the potential nanotoxicity of the two aptamer-conjugated AuNPs was evaluated on two different renal cell lines, being the kidneys one of the most important site of bioaccumulation upon systemic circulation. Interestingly, the two aptamer-conjugated AuNPs showed different cytotoxicity when exposed to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and mouse collecting duct cells (M-1), indicating that cell viability has to be taken into account when choosing the proper strategy for NPs production. In conclusion this study provides two effective methods to graft aptamers on NPs and important insights regarding NPs conformation and the relative cell viability.
{"title":"Aptamer Grafting onto (on) and into (in) Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Investigation in Renal Cells","authors":"C. Arib, Serena Milano, A. Gerbino, Jol, A. Spadavecchia","doi":"10.4172/2157-7439.1000520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000520","url":null,"abstract":"Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) have already a remarkable interest as viable biomedical materials. Additionally, the strategy of using biomolecules to modify their surface properties is a very attractive as it leads to the generation of new nanometric hybrid materials. In this respect, aptamers, functional small single-strand oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA), are ideal candidates for molecular targeting applications since the high affinity to their target molecules. Thus, the urge of new and effective methodologies to graft aptamers on AuNPs is rapidly increasing especially for applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine, including early diagnosis and drug delivery. Here we used two chemical methodologies to conjugate the aptamer (APT) onto pegylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs): the carbodiimide chemistry (EDC/NHS) (methodology ON) and the chelation-bond (R-Au bond) (methodology IN). The aptamer's conjugations with the PEGAuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis absorption, Raman Spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the potential nanotoxicity of the two aptamer-conjugated AuNPs was evaluated on two different renal cell lines, being the kidneys one of the most important site of bioaccumulation upon systemic circulation. Interestingly, the two aptamer-conjugated AuNPs showed different cytotoxicity when exposed to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and mouse collecting duct cells (M-1), indicating that cell viability has to be taken into account when choosing the proper strategy for NPs production. In conclusion this study provides two effective methods to graft aptamers on NPs and important insights regarding NPs conformation and the relative cell viability.","PeriodicalId":16532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87106371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000515
D. Stanisic, A. F. Costa, W. Fávaro, L. Tasić, A. Seabra, N. Durán
Danijela Stanisic1, Amanda F. Costa1, Wagner J. Fávaro2,3, Ljubica Tasic1,3, Amedea B. Seabra3,4,5 and Nelson Durán2,3,4,5* 1Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil 2Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil 3NanoBioss – Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil 4Nanomedicine Research Unit, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil 5Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
Danijela Stanisic1, Amanda F. Costa1, Wagner J. Fávaro2,3, Ljubica tasic1,3, Amedea B. seabra3,4,5 and Nelson Durán2,3,4,5* 1巴西坎皮纳斯大学化学研究所生物化学实验室2巴西坎皮纳斯大学结构与功能生物学学系，泌尿生殖肿瘤与免疫治疗实验室3纳米生物-巴西坎皮纳斯大学化学研究所4纳米医学研究单位，5巴西联邦农业大学自然与人文科学研究中心，巴西圣安德里斯
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