Z. Bakhtiar, M. Hasandokht, M. Naghavi, M. Mirjalili
Background: Trigonella L. is a well-known worldwide growing genus of the Fabaceae family. In addition to food, the plants have various medicinal properties, including reducing fat and blood sugar, antibacterial, anti-ulcer, and analgesic. Objective: Variability in agro-morphological traits, phenolic compounds, and proximate composition of the aerial parts of some Iranian Trigonella and its relative e.g. Medicago L. species was studied to introduce the superior species for further use in breeding and exploitation programs. Methods: The seed samples of T. astroides , T. elliptica , T. filipes , T. foenum-graecum , T. spruneriana , M. crassipes (syn: T. crassipes ), M. monantha (syn: T. monantha ), M. monspeliaca (syn: T. monspeliaca ), M. orthoceras (syn: T. orthoceras ), and M. phrygia (syn: T. aurantiaca ) were collected from different regions of Iran, and then were cultivated at the same agronomic conditions. Morphological traits were measured by a ruler, digital caliper and scales. Proximate composition (moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) and phenolic acids of the aerial parts were determined by the AOAC method and HPLC, respectively. Results: Significant morphological differences among the studied species were observed. The highest protein content was measured in M. orthoceras (13.4 ± 0.4 %), followed by T. filipes (11.5 ± 0.8 %), and T. spruneriana (11.1 ± 0.4 %). Fibre content was ranged from 0.7 ± 0.04 % to 4.9 ± 0.4 %. In the extracts of the studied species, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and p coumaric acid were found in abundance (0.01 ± 0.05 - 69.32 ± 0.7 mg/g DW). Conclusion: Trigonella filipes and T. spruneriana could be selected as suitable species for further exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Study of variability in agro-morphological traits, proximate composition, and phenolic compounds of some Trigonella L. species in Iran","authors":"Z. Bakhtiar, M. Hasandokht, M. Naghavi, M. Mirjalili","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.82.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.82.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trigonella L. is a well-known worldwide growing genus of the Fabaceae family. In addition to food, the plants have various medicinal properties, including reducing fat and blood sugar, antibacterial, anti-ulcer, and analgesic. Objective: Variability in agro-morphological traits, phenolic compounds, and proximate composition of the aerial parts of some Iranian Trigonella and its relative e.g. Medicago L. species was studied to introduce the superior species for further use in breeding and exploitation programs. Methods: The seed samples of T. astroides , T. elliptica , T. filipes , T. foenum-graecum , T. spruneriana , M. crassipes (syn: T. crassipes ), M. monantha (syn: T. monantha ), M. monspeliaca (syn: T. monspeliaca ), M. orthoceras (syn: T. orthoceras ), and M. phrygia (syn: T. aurantiaca ) were collected from different regions of Iran, and then were cultivated at the same agronomic conditions. Morphological traits were measured by a ruler, digital caliper and scales. Proximate composition (moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) and phenolic acids of the aerial parts were determined by the AOAC method and HPLC, respectively. Results: Significant morphological differences among the studied species were observed. The highest protein content was measured in M. orthoceras (13.4 ± 0.4 %), followed by T. filipes (11.5 ± 0.8 %), and T. spruneriana (11.1 ± 0.4 %). Fibre content was ranged from 0.7 ± 0.04 % to 4.9 ± 0.4 %. In the extracts of the studied species, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and p coumaric acid were found in abundance (0.01 ± 0.05 - 69.32 ± 0.7 mg/g DW). Conclusion: Trigonella filipes and T. spruneriana could be selected as suitable species for further exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that has been cited in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) manuscripts under the heading " Farāmūshkārī ", " Fesād - e - Zekr " and " Nesiān ". Since AD is a significant challenge for health professionals, searching for natural and effective compounds is crucial. Objective: Given the importance of AD, this study has provided a standardized plant-based tablet based on TPM. Methods:
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是传统波斯医学(TPM)手稿中最常见的痴呆症类型，标题为“Farāmūshkārī”、“Fesād - e - Zekr”和“Nesiān”。由于阿尔茨海默病是卫生专业人员面临的重大挑战，因此寻找天然有效的化合物至关重要。目的:考虑到AD的重要性，本研究提供了一种基于TPM的标准化植物性片剂。方法:
{"title":"Design, reformulation, and standardization of a traditional-based memory enhancer herbal preparation originated from Persian medicine","authors":"Farid Dabaghian, A. Azadi, M. Zarshenas","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.82.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.82.93","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that has been cited in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) manuscripts under the heading \" Farāmūshkārī \", \" Fesād - e - Zekr \" and \" Nesiān \". Since AD is a significant challenge for health professionals, searching for natural and effective compounds is crucial. Objective: Given the importance of AD, this study has provided a standardized plant-based tablet based on TPM. Methods:","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46367359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Naderian, N. Moshtaghi, A. Bagheri, Saeed Malekzade Shafaroudi
Polyploidy Background: Datura species produce a wide range of tropane alkaloids with medicinal values. D. innoxia is a species of the Datura genus which is poisonous and has an unpleasant odor due to the presence of tropane alkaloids. Objective : The study aimed to induction of polyploidy by colchicine treatment on downy thorn-apple and the effect of it on appearance and hyoscyamine content. Methods: In order to induce tetraploidy in downy thorn-apple, a factorial experiment was carried out with two factors: colchicine concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 %) and exposure time (48 and 72 h) with 3 plants for each treatment with using a cotton ball included colchicine on shoot tip. Morphological changes were observed and the plants were analyzed by flow cytometry in near to the flowering time. Results: The results showed that the concentration and exposure time of colchicine, and their interaction affected the percentage of tetraploidy. The maximum percent of tetraploidy was observed in concentration of 0.2 % and 72 h. On the other hand, the application of different concentrations of colchicine and exposure time didn’t have a significant effect on plant survival. The number of stomatal guard cells were decreased but no significant differences were observed in the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Also, the hyoscyamine content in tetraploid plants was decreased to half in comparison to diploid ones. Conclusion : In general, induction of tetraploidy in this plant could change some phenotypic traits but has a negative effect on hyoscyamine content.
{"title":"Variations in morphological, biochemical and phytochemical traits of diploid and induced tetraploid plants of downy thorn-apple (Datura innoxia Mill.)","authors":"Parisa Naderian, N. Moshtaghi, A. Bagheri, Saeed Malekzade Shafaroudi","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.82.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.82.66","url":null,"abstract":"Polyploidy Background: Datura species produce a wide range of tropane alkaloids with medicinal values. D. innoxia is a species of the Datura genus which is poisonous and has an unpleasant odor due to the presence of tropane alkaloids. Objective : The study aimed to induction of polyploidy by colchicine treatment on downy thorn-apple and the effect of it on appearance and hyoscyamine content. Methods: In order to induce tetraploidy in downy thorn-apple, a factorial experiment was carried out with two factors: colchicine concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 %) and exposure time (48 and 72 h) with 3 plants for each treatment with using a cotton ball included colchicine on shoot tip. Morphological changes were observed and the plants were analyzed by flow cytometry in near to the flowering time. Results: The results showed that the concentration and exposure time of colchicine, and their interaction affected the percentage of tetraploidy. The maximum percent of tetraploidy was observed in concentration of 0.2 % and 72 h. On the other hand, the application of different concentrations of colchicine and exposure time didn’t have a significant effect on plant survival. The number of stomatal guard cells were decreased but no significant differences were observed in the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Also, the hyoscyamine content in tetraploid plants was decreased to half in comparison to diploid ones. Conclusion : In general, induction of tetraploidy in this plant could change some phenotypic traits but has a negative effect on hyoscyamine content.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbreviations: MALDI- TOF, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight; RSM, Response Surface Methodology; DP, Degree of Polymerization; FT-IR, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; TLC, Thin Layer Chromatography; FLD, Fluorescence Detector; HPLC, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; RID, Refractive Index Detector; CAD, Charged Aerosol Detector; ELSD, Evaporative Light Scattering Detector; HPAEC, High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography; HILIC, Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography; UV, Ultraviolet Background: Inulin, a prebiotic, is a mixture of linear chains β -2,1 fructans with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2 to 60. Different DPs have various applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Objective: This study aims to find the best method for DP determination. Methods: RSM was applied to optimize the extraction of inulin from Inula helenium . Four factors, including time, temperature, solvent-to-sample ratio, and pH and yield as response were selected. Inulin was purified using a hot water extraction followed by a slurry of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. TLC-FLD, MALDI-TOF, and spectrophotometric methods were used to characterize and compare the DP of inulin. Results: RSM proposed a maximum yield (10.1 %) at a temperature of 79.6 °C, time of 31.9 min, the solvent-to-sample ratio of 39.9: 1, and pH of 7.7. The quality of extracted inulin was evaluated as follow: FT-IR spectra indicated typical bands at 820, 864, and 932 cm -1 that assigned the presence of 2-ketose, β- (2→1) fructofuranosyl unit, and α-D-glucopyranose residue. Inulin with DP (16) and molecular weight 2633 Da was determined in MALDI-TOF. Furthermore, TLC-FLD confirmed the approximate fructose and DP from (1-15). Also, the spectrophotometric method showed an approximate number of 22.3 ± 0.04 as the DP. Conclusion: In conclusion, the optimized isolation factors for inulin from the Inula helenium were proposed. In comparison with the spectrophotometric result, TLC-FLD quantitative result is much more confirmable to MALDI-TOF. TLC-FLD technique offered a simple and more precise than the spectrophotometric method for the quality of inulin.
{"title":"Optimization of inulin extraction from Inula helenium L. using response surface methodology followed by its MALDI-TOF and TLC-FLD based characterization","authors":"M. Moridi Farimani, E. Ahmadi, H. Rezadoost","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.82.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.82.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations: MALDI- TOF, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight; RSM, Response Surface Methodology; DP, Degree of Polymerization; FT-IR, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; TLC, Thin Layer Chromatography; FLD, Fluorescence Detector; HPLC, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; RID, Refractive Index Detector; CAD, Charged Aerosol Detector; ELSD, Evaporative Light Scattering Detector; HPAEC, High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography; HILIC, Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography; UV, Ultraviolet Background: Inulin, a prebiotic, is a mixture of linear chains β -2,1 fructans with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2 to 60. Different DPs have various applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Objective: This study aims to find the best method for DP determination. Methods: RSM was applied to optimize the extraction of inulin from Inula helenium . Four factors, including time, temperature, solvent-to-sample ratio, and pH and yield as response were selected. Inulin was purified using a hot water extraction followed by a slurry of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. TLC-FLD, MALDI-TOF, and spectrophotometric methods were used to characterize and compare the DP of inulin. Results: RSM proposed a maximum yield (10.1 %) at a temperature of 79.6 °C, time of 31.9 min, the solvent-to-sample ratio of 39.9: 1, and pH of 7.7. The quality of extracted inulin was evaluated as follow: FT-IR spectra indicated typical bands at 820, 864, and 932 cm -1 that assigned the presence of 2-ketose, β- (2→1) fructofuranosyl unit, and α-D-glucopyranose residue. Inulin with DP (16) and molecular weight 2633 Da was determined in MALDI-TOF. Furthermore, TLC-FLD confirmed the approximate fructose and DP from (1-15). Also, the spectrophotometric method showed an approximate number of 22.3 ± 0.04 as the DP. Conclusion: In conclusion, the optimized isolation factors for inulin from the Inula helenium were proposed. In comparison with the spectrophotometric result, TLC-FLD quantitative result is much more confirmable to MALDI-TOF. TLC-FLD technique offered a simple and more precise than the spectrophotometric method for the quality of inulin.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roya Latifi, A. Azadmehr, Sahar Mosalla, K. Saleki, R. Hajiaghaee
Background: Tobacco is a plant that has anti-nematode and anti-inflammatory properties, due to that it contains compounds such as nicotine sulfate. It is utilized as a medicinal plant in the therapy of infectious diseases; also, it has been used to kill insects’ larvae and plant pests. Objective: The goal of this work was the evaluation of tobacco extract effects on the scolices of hydatid cysts. Methods: Hydatid cysts of the infected sheep livers were gathered from the Qazvin abattoir and their protoscolices were isolated under sterile conditions. Fertility and viability of protoscolices were confirmed before the experiments. The protoscolices were exposed to the ethanolic extract of Nicotiana tabacum , at different concentrations (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) and various exposure times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). Sodium chloride 0.9 % was selected as negative control. The viability of protoscolices was evaluated by staining via 0.1 % eosin. Results: At 100 mg/ml, the tobacco extract caused the death of 91.19 % of protoscolices after 10 minutes of contact, and other exposure times (20 to 60 minutes) resulted in the death of 100 % of protoscolices. Conclusion: This medicinal plant showed a good scolicidal effect and it may be used for improving the procedure of hydatid cyst surgery. But, further studies are required.
{"title":"Scolicidal effects of the Nicotiana tabacum L. extract at various concentrations and exposure times","authors":"Roya Latifi, A. Azadmehr, Sahar Mosalla, K. Saleki, R. Hajiaghaee","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.82.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.82.111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco is a plant that has anti-nematode and anti-inflammatory properties, due to that it contains compounds such as nicotine sulfate. It is utilized as a medicinal plant in the therapy of infectious diseases; also, it has been used to kill insects’ larvae and plant pests. Objective: The goal of this work was the evaluation of tobacco extract effects on the scolices of hydatid cysts. Methods: Hydatid cysts of the infected sheep livers were gathered from the Qazvin abattoir and their protoscolices were isolated under sterile conditions. Fertility and viability of protoscolices were confirmed before the experiments. The protoscolices were exposed to the ethanolic extract of Nicotiana tabacum , at different concentrations (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) and various exposure times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). Sodium chloride 0.9 % was selected as negative control. The viability of protoscolices was evaluated by staining via 0.1 % eosin. Results: At 100 mg/ml, the tobacco extract caused the death of 91.19 % of protoscolices after 10 minutes of contact, and other exposure times (20 to 60 minutes) resulted in the death of 100 % of protoscolices. Conclusion: This medicinal plant showed a good scolicidal effect and it may be used for improving the procedure of hydatid cyst surgery. But, further studies are required.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46882458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmonir Rezaei Nazari, V. Abdossi, Fariba Zamani Hargalani, K. Larijani
Background: Hypericum perforatum L. belongs to the Hypericaceae family has been considered due to its medicinal properties. The use of nanofertilizers can improve the yield and medicinal value of plants. Selenium has a protective role and a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Objective: Due to the importance of secondary metabolites of this plant and its economic value as well as the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers, this study was performed in the greenhouse of Shariati University of Tehran in 2019 in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Methods: Nano selenium and selenate selenium were applied at concentrations of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mg/L in the rosette stage. Essential oil components were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The results showed that the highest amount of α -pinene with 22 % was obtained in the control treatment and also in the treatments of 6 and 8 mg/L sodium selenate with 21.6 % and 19.5 %. The maximum content of n -octane was in the foliar application of 12 mg/L nano selenium with 16 %. Maximum nonane was obtained with 18 % and 16 % of 12 and 10 mg/L sodium selenate, respectively. Conclusion: Sodium selenate treatments are recommended if the purpose is producing normal hydrocarbon compounds.
{"title":"The effect of nano selenium foliar application on some secondary metabolites of Hypericum perforatum L.","authors":"Mahmonir Rezaei Nazari, V. Abdossi, Fariba Zamani Hargalani, K. Larijani","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.81.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.81.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypericum perforatum L. belongs to the Hypericaceae family has been considered due to its medicinal properties. The use of nanofertilizers can improve the yield and medicinal value of plants. Selenium has a protective role and a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Objective: Due to the importance of secondary metabolites of this plant and its economic value as well as the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers, this study was performed in the greenhouse of Shariati University of Tehran in 2019 in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Methods: Nano selenium and selenate selenium were applied at concentrations of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mg/L in the rosette stage. Essential oil components were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The results showed that the highest amount of α -pinene with 22 % was obtained in the control treatment and also in the treatments of 6 and 8 mg/L sodium selenate with 21.6 % and 19.5 %. The maximum content of n -octane was in the foliar application of 12 mg/L nano selenium with 16 %. Maximum nonane was obtained with 18 % and 16 % of 12 and 10 mg/L sodium selenate, respectively. Conclusion: Sodium selenate treatments are recommended if the purpose is producing normal hydrocarbon compounds.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44296796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal is a well-known medicinal plant due to its many healing properties . Objective: The aim of the present study was to induce friable callus and subsequently establish the plant cell suspension cultures for the production of two important withanolides i.e. withaferin A (WFA) and withanolide A (WNA). Methods: In vitro callus induction was carried out from young leaf and internodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L) of auxins (2,4-D, NAA, and IAA) solely or in combination with BAP (0., 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The plant cell culture was then established for the production of both withanolides. Results: The percentage of callogenesis from the leaf (25.0-96.0 %) was higher than internodal explants (23.2-85.4 %). The high percentage of friable calli was achieved from leaf explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L BAP. Cell suspension culture was established from derived friable callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L IAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP. The highest accumulation of biomass (172 g/L fresh weight and 15 g/L dry weight) and the production of both withanolides were observed in the fourth week of the culture period. The plant cells produced 0.08 and 21 µg/L WFA and WNA at this time, respectively. Conclusion : These results can be used for future research on biosynthesis pathways of withanolides as well as their production in bioreactors.
{"title":"Callus induction and withanolides production through cell suspension culture of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal","authors":"M. Mirjalili, H. Esmaeili","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.81.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.81.79","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal is a well-known medicinal plant due to its many healing properties . Objective: The aim of the present study was to induce friable callus and subsequently establish the plant cell suspension cultures for the production of two important withanolides i.e. withaferin A (WFA) and withanolide A (WNA). Methods: In vitro callus induction was carried out from young leaf and internodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L) of auxins (2,4-D, NAA, and IAA) solely or in combination with BAP (0., 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The plant cell culture was then established for the production of both withanolides. Results: The percentage of callogenesis from the leaf (25.0-96.0 %) was higher than internodal explants (23.2-85.4 %). The high percentage of friable calli was achieved from leaf explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L BAP. Cell suspension culture was established from derived friable callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L IAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP. The highest accumulation of biomass (172 g/L fresh weight and 15 g/L dry weight) and the production of both withanolides were observed in the fourth week of the culture period. The plant cells produced 0.08 and 21 µg/L WFA and WNA at this time, respectively. Conclusion : These results can be used for future research on biosynthesis pathways of withanolides as well as their production in bioreactors.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tavakoli, F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi, Reza Hagiaghaee, M. Yaghoobi, R. Ghafarzadegan
Background: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Milk thistle) is a perennial herb with medicinal properties. The seeds of these plants contain silymarin compounds with flavonolignan structure and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The major bioactive constituent of S. marianum is silybin A and B. It is used in the treatment of various liver conditions and exhibits high anti-tumor promoting activity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to purify, identify, and standardize of silybin A and B from the seeds extract of Silybum marianum . Methods: At first, the milk thistle seeds were defatted with hexane and then extracted with methanol as solvent. Isolation and further purification of silybin A and B was carried out by column chromatography using Diaion HP-20 resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 as stationary phase, respectively. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR techniques were used to identify these compounds. Finally, the HPLC method has been used to standardize. Results: 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR techniques characterized the structure of silybin A and B extracted from Silybum marianum L. and standardization and determination of their purity was performed using HPLC. Conclusion: Our proposed system presented significant advantages in increasing efficiency and reducing cost, and the diastereoisomers of silybin A and silybin B in silymarin were successfully isolated with high purities.
{"title":"Purification, identification, and standardization of silybin A & B composition from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.","authors":"S. Tavakoli, F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi, Reza Hagiaghaee, M. Yaghoobi, R. Ghafarzadegan","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.81.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.81.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Milk thistle) is a perennial herb with medicinal properties. The seeds of these plants contain silymarin compounds with flavonolignan structure and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The major bioactive constituent of S. marianum is silybin A and B. It is used in the treatment of various liver conditions and exhibits high anti-tumor promoting activity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to purify, identify, and standardize of silybin A and B from the seeds extract of Silybum marianum . Methods: At first, the milk thistle seeds were defatted with hexane and then extracted with methanol as solvent. Isolation and further purification of silybin A and B was carried out by column chromatography using Diaion HP-20 resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 as stationary phase, respectively. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR techniques were used to identify these compounds. Finally, the HPLC method has been used to standardize. Results: 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR techniques characterized the structure of silybin A and B extracted from Silybum marianum L. and standardization and determination of their purity was performed using HPLC. Conclusion: Our proposed system presented significant advantages in increasing efficiency and reducing cost, and the diastereoisomers of silybin A and silybin B in silymarin were successfully isolated with high purities.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasha Al-Baidhani, H. Rezadoost, Amin Hamidi, Seyed Mohammad Motevali, Fateme Mirzajani
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; LC-ESI/MSMS, Liquid Chromatography-Electrospary Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry; DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide; CID, Collision Induced Dissociation; ECD, Electron Capture Dissociation; IT, Ion Trap Background: Diabetes, one of the most common metabolic diseases in many societies, has influenced the quality of human life for many years. Traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine use individual or mixed plant prescriptions to reduce adverse consequences of diabetes. This is based on the human experience of treating and managing disease complications in different geographic areas, over a hundred years. Objective : This research tries to find and recommend the most influential traditional medicine prescription for the inhibition of key enzymes associated with diabetes. Methods: Considering the full and widespread use of the medicinal plants, in this research, 15 most reliable Iranian and Iraqi herbal prescriptions in controlling diabetes were studied for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Chemicals of the most effective prescription for the inhibition of these enzymes were separated by using the HPTLC method. For chromatogram development, a mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate: toluene: methanol: formic acid was used. A direct enzyme inhibitory assay on the HPTLC plate was used to investigate the most effective molecules. Thereafter, the influential molecules were identified by using LC-ESI/MSMS. Results: Based on the results, prescription No. 3, (from the Iraqi herbal prescription) containing the extract of Prunus mahaleb L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb was identified as the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Conclusion: The chemical and molecular analysis of this extract which was performed by the HPTLC method and further by LC-ESI/MSMS, indicates two compounds of catechin and epicatechin.
{"title":"The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of some traditional antidiabetic prescriptions based on bioautography using LC-ESI/MSMS","authors":"Rasha Al-Baidhani, H. Rezadoost, Amin Hamidi, Seyed Mohammad Motevali, Fateme Mirzajani","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.81.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.81.33","url":null,"abstract":"High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; LC-ESI/MSMS, Liquid Chromatography-Electrospary Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry; DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide; CID, Collision Induced Dissociation; ECD, Electron Capture Dissociation; IT, Ion Trap Background: Diabetes, one of the most common metabolic diseases in many societies, has influenced the quality of human life for many years. Traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine use individual or mixed plant prescriptions to reduce adverse consequences of diabetes. This is based on the human experience of treating and managing disease complications in different geographic areas, over a hundred years. Objective : This research tries to find and recommend the most influential traditional medicine prescription for the inhibition of key enzymes associated with diabetes. Methods: Considering the full and widespread use of the medicinal plants, in this research, 15 most reliable Iranian and Iraqi herbal prescriptions in controlling diabetes were studied for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Chemicals of the most effective prescription for the inhibition of these enzymes were separated by using the HPTLC method. For chromatogram development, a mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate: toluene: methanol: formic acid was used. A direct enzyme inhibitory assay on the HPTLC plate was used to investigate the most effective molecules. Thereafter, the influential molecules were identified by using LC-ESI/MSMS. Results: Based on the results, prescription No. 3, (from the Iraqi herbal prescription) containing the extract of Prunus mahaleb L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb was identified as the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Conclusion: The chemical and molecular analysis of this extract which was performed by the HPTLC method and further by LC-ESI/MSMS, indicates two compounds of catechin and epicatechin.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostafa Pirali Hamedani, Hediye Yousefi, F. Tajabadi, Z. Tofighi, Abbas Hadjiakhoundi, S. Goodarzi
Background: Plants of the genus Scutellaria , commonly known as skullcap, belong to the Lamiaceae family. There are 22 species of Scutellaria in Iran, 10 species of which are native to Iran. Plants of this genus have several effects including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant. They are also effective in insomnia and dementia conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of essential oils and aromatic waters of some native Scutellaria species from Iran. Methods: Aerial parts of Scutellaria pinnatifida with different subspecies such as mucida , viridis , and alpina , Scutellaria tournefortii , and Scutellaria tomentosa were collected from different regions of Iran. The essential oils and hexane extracts of aromatic waters of selected plants in this genus were obtained by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The results of this study showed that germacrene D, caryophyllene derivatives and linalool are found in abundance in the essential oils of these plants. The main terpenoids in the aromatic waters of these plants were linalool and 1-octen-3-ol. Conclusion: The analysis of the essential oils and aromatic waters of Scutellaria species demonstrated that different geographical factors such as altitude and the season of plant collection can be effective on the production of plant secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Chemical composition of the essential oils and aromatic waters of some native Scutellaria species from Iran","authors":"Mostafa Pirali Hamedani, Hediye Yousefi, F. Tajabadi, Z. Tofighi, Abbas Hadjiakhoundi, S. Goodarzi","doi":"10.52547/jmp.21.81.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jmp.21.81.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plants of the genus Scutellaria , commonly known as skullcap, belong to the Lamiaceae family. There are 22 species of Scutellaria in Iran, 10 species of which are native to Iran. Plants of this genus have several effects including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant. They are also effective in insomnia and dementia conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of essential oils and aromatic waters of some native Scutellaria species from Iran. Methods: Aerial parts of Scutellaria pinnatifida with different subspecies such as mucida , viridis , and alpina , Scutellaria tournefortii , and Scutellaria tomentosa were collected from different regions of Iran. The essential oils and hexane extracts of aromatic waters of selected plants in this genus were obtained by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The results of this study showed that germacrene D, caryophyllene derivatives and linalool are found in abundance in the essential oils of these plants. The main terpenoids in the aromatic waters of these plants were linalool and 1-octen-3-ol. Conclusion: The analysis of the essential oils and aromatic waters of Scutellaria species demonstrated that different geographical factors such as altitude and the season of plant collection can be effective on the production of plant secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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