M. Azadbakht, A. Davoodi, S. Hosseinimehr, S. Emami, M. Azadbakht, F. Mirzaee, Hossein Bakhshi Jouybari
Phytochemical, physicochemical and biological evaluation of Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef.: a study on materia medica of Persian medicine Mohammad Azadbakht, Ali Davoodi*, Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr, Saeed Emami, Masoud Azadbakht, Fatemeh Mirzaee, Hossein Bakhshi Jouybari 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2 Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4 Department of Plant Systematics, High Educational of Sanna Institute, Sari, Iran
{"title":"Phytochemical, physicochemical and biological evaluation of Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef.: a study on materia medica of Persian medicine","authors":"M. Azadbakht, A. Davoodi, S. Hosseinimehr, S. Emami, M. Azadbakht, F. Mirzaee, Hossein Bakhshi Jouybari","doi":"10.29252/jmp.19.76.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jmp.19.76.36","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical, physicochemical and biological evaluation of Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef.: a study on materia medica of Persian medicine Mohammad Azadbakht, Ali Davoodi*, Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr, Saeed Emami, Masoud Azadbakht, Fatemeh Mirzaee, Hossein Bakhshi Jouybari 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2 Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4 Department of Plant Systematics, High Educational of Sanna Institute, Sari, Iran","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45924703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: South Africa is recognised as one of the most biodiverse countries in terms of fauna and flora in the sub-Saharan region. More than 40% of farmers in remote rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province use medicinal plants for the treatment of different livestock ailments. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify and document plant species used for the treatment of tick-borne diseases in the Amathole and O.R. Tambo district municipalities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire was employed to obtain detailed information of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants used including parts, mode of preparation and mode of administration from 48 respondents between November 2013 and February 2014. The collected plant species were identified scientifically at the Stutterheim Dohne Herbarium, where voucher numbers were obtained and herbarium specimens were deposited. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: A total of nine medicinal plant species belonging to eight families and represented by nine genera were identified. The most dominant inhabitants were trees (55.6%), followed by herbs (33.3%) and shrubs (11.1%). The most frequently used plant families for tick-borne diseases were Xanthorrhoeaceae, Ebenaceae, Proteaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Vitaceae, Loganiaceae and Iridaceae, and from these plant families, leaves (44.4%) were the most commonly used plant parts. Conclusion: The data display that people in rural areas have preserved some knowledge of ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of tick-borne diseases. However, further studies on plants used for the treatment of tick-borne diseases can be advanced towards validation and standardisation by evaluating parameters such as efficacy, safety and toxicity, quality (phytochemicals) and dosage standards.
{"title":"Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants application for the treatment of tick-borne diseases in cattle around the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","authors":"S. Mthi, J. Rust, M. Yawa, Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v4i1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: South Africa is recognised as one of the most biodiverse countries in terms of fauna and flora in the sub-Saharan region. More than 40% of farmers in remote rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province use medicinal plants for the treatment of different livestock ailments. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify and document plant species used for the treatment of tick-borne diseases in the Amathole and O.R. Tambo district municipalities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire was employed to obtain detailed information of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants used including parts, mode of preparation and mode of administration from 48 respondents between November 2013 and February 2014. The collected plant species were identified scientifically at the Stutterheim Dohne Herbarium, where voucher numbers were obtained and herbarium specimens were deposited. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: A total of nine medicinal plant species belonging to eight families and represented by nine genera were identified. The most dominant inhabitants were trees (55.6%), followed by herbs (33.3%) and shrubs (11.1%). The most frequently used plant families for tick-borne diseases were Xanthorrhoeaceae, Ebenaceae, Proteaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Vitaceae, Loganiaceae and Iridaceae, and from these plant families, leaves (44.4%) were the most commonly used plant parts. Conclusion: The data display that people in rural areas have preserved some knowledge of ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of tick-borne diseases. However, further studies on plants used for the treatment of tick-borne diseases can be advanced towards validation and standardisation by evaluating parameters such as efficacy, safety and toxicity, quality (phytochemicals) and dosage standards.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Madivoli, K. O. Ondoo, E. G. Maina, Fred Rugenyi
Background: With increasing concern over food insecurity, there is the need to incorporate wild edible plants in our meals as they can provide adequate level of nutrition when consumed as food. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition, elemental composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profile of Lantana trifolia . Setting: This study was carried out in Juja, Kenya where the samples were collected, prepared and stored at the Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Methods: The proximate and elemental compositions of the leaves, stalk and root samples were evaluated by using standard procedures, whilst the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method. The secondary metabolites present in the crude methanolic extracts of the whole plant were determined by using GC-MS. Results: The proximate and elemental analyses of the plant revealed that L. trifolia can be a good source of essential elements, proteins, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in the leaves were found to be higher compared with the stalks and roots, whilst the ash and moisture contents were found to be higher in the roots. The concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc in the leaves were found to be 8860.75 ± 565.27, 11 003.10 ± 143.24, 1520.25 ± 26.85 and 39.66 ± 15.68 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the roots and stalks, which were lower. Conclusion: The concentration of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds and GC-MS profile of the methanolic extracts revealed that L. trifolia can be a good source of secondary metabolites, some of which have reported to be free radical scavengers. Hence, L. trifolia can not only be used as a source of important secondary metabolites, but its nutritional content suggests that the plant can be used to combat nutrient deficiency amongst many communities who lack adequate resources, because it thrives in the wild.
{"title":"Lantana trifolia: Phytochemical and elemental composition, proximate contents and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile","authors":"E. Madivoli, K. O. Ondoo, E. G. Maina, Fred Rugenyi","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v4i1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With increasing concern over food insecurity, there is the need to incorporate wild edible plants in our meals as they can provide adequate level of nutrition when consumed as food. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition, elemental composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profile of Lantana trifolia . Setting: This study was carried out in Juja, Kenya where the samples were collected, prepared and stored at the Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Methods: The proximate and elemental compositions of the leaves, stalk and root samples were evaluated by using standard procedures, whilst the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method. The secondary metabolites present in the crude methanolic extracts of the whole plant were determined by using GC-MS. Results: The proximate and elemental analyses of the plant revealed that L. trifolia can be a good source of essential elements, proteins, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in the leaves were found to be higher compared with the stalks and roots, whilst the ash and moisture contents were found to be higher in the roots. The concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc in the leaves were found to be 8860.75 ± 565.27, 11 003.10 ± 143.24, 1520.25 ± 26.85 and 39.66 ± 15.68 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the roots and stalks, which were lower. Conclusion: The concentration of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds and GC-MS profile of the methanolic extracts revealed that L. trifolia can be a good source of secondary metabolites, some of which have reported to be free radical scavengers. Hence, L. trifolia can not only be used as a source of important secondary metabolites, but its nutritional content suggests that the plant can be used to combat nutrient deficiency amongst many communities who lack adequate resources, because it thrives in the wild.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.94","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There has been paucity of data on medicinal plants supply chain in Kwara State. The development of medicinal plants supply chain is a vital tool to ensure affordability and accessibility of medicinal plants to the herbal medicine producers. Aim: This study examined the supply chain, structure, conduct and performance of medicinal plants in Kwara State. Setting: Respondents data were drawn from the various sections of the herbal plants supply chain in Kwara State. Methods: Descriptive statistics, concentration ratio, coefficient of variation, cost and returns analysis and Likert type scale were used for data analysis. Data collection was through interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to draw a sample of 128 respondents. Results: The results revealed that the supply chain upstream was informal, and the chain is dominated by middle aged people. Four stages that existed on the supply chain included gatherers, farmers, herbal medicine producers and the final consumers. The highest supply source, which cut across all the actors in supply chain, was through gathering. This was followed by farmers. The least supply source was through importation. Farmers, gatherers and medicinal plant traders have non-concentrated market (0.07, 0.02 and 0.09), while Herbal Medicine (HM) producers had a moderately concentrated market (0.23). Binding prices, price regulation and barrier to entry and exit were inconspicuous. In general, the chain was adjudged to operate a fairly free market system. The enterprises were profitable with an average gross margin ratio of 0.76 for gatherers, 0.58 for farmers, 0.48 for traders and 0.46 for HM producers. Conclusion: The study examined the structure and conduct of the medicinal plants chain in the study area, and the chain was adjudged to operate a fairly free market system.
{"title":"Structure and conduct of medicinal plants supply chain in Kwara State","authors":"M. Adewumi, G. Akinsola, Olaide O. Olawoye","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v4i1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.93","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been paucity of data on medicinal plants supply chain in Kwara State. The development of medicinal plants supply chain is a vital tool to ensure affordability and accessibility of medicinal plants to the herbal medicine producers. Aim: This study examined the supply chain, structure, conduct and performance of medicinal plants in Kwara State. Setting: Respondents data were drawn from the various sections of the herbal plants supply chain in Kwara State. Methods: Descriptive statistics, concentration ratio, coefficient of variation, cost and returns analysis and Likert type scale were used for data analysis. Data collection was through interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to draw a sample of 128 respondents. Results: The results revealed that the supply chain upstream was informal, and the chain is dominated by middle aged people. Four stages that existed on the supply chain included gatherers, farmers, herbal medicine producers and the final consumers. The highest supply source, which cut across all the actors in supply chain, was through gathering. This was followed by farmers. The least supply source was through importation. Farmers, gatherers and medicinal plant traders have non-concentrated market (0.07, 0.02 and 0.09), while Herbal Medicine (HM) producers had a moderately concentrated market (0.23). Binding prices, price regulation and barrier to entry and exit were inconspicuous. In general, the chain was adjudged to operate a fairly free market system. The enterprises were profitable with an average gross margin ratio of 0.76 for gatherers, 0.58 for farmers, 0.48 for traders and 0.46 for HM producers. Conclusion: The study examined the structure and conduct of the medicinal plants chain in the study area, and the chain was adjudged to operate a fairly free market system.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ficus exasperata (Vahl) from the family Moraceae is a herb of ethnobotanical importance with antimicrobial properties. The past studies have been on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant, but there is a need to formulate this valuable herb into tablet dosage form to offer standardisation. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of F. exasperata leaf extract (extract) and formulate it into herbal tablet dosage form. Setting: The experiments were performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: The extract was obtained by maceration and assessed for antimicrobial activity using agar cup diffusion method. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using Avicel ® , Lactose and Emcompress ® at a drug–diluent ratio of 1:4 and 1:9. The flow properties of the powder mixtures were determined using compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose and density measurements. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using crushing strength (CS), friability (FR) and the crushing strength–friability ratio (CSFR) and release properties with disintegration times (DT), disintegration efficiency ratio and dissolution times. Analyses were carried out using two-way analysis of variance on Prism 5.0. Results: The results showed that the extract had concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity. The flow properties of the powder mixtures were in the rank order of Avicel ® > Lactose > Emcompress ® . Tablet CS and CSFR increased, whilst FR decreased with increase in compression force and diluent concentration. All tablets passed the DT test. The ranking of dissolution times was Avicel ® < Lactose < Emcompress ® < no diluent. Conclusion: Ficus exasperata extract demonstrated antimicrobial properties dependent on type of organism and extract concentration. The herbal tablets have acceptable mechanical and release parameters, which varied with diluent type, drug–diluent ratio and compression pressure.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Ficus exasperata (Vahl) leaf extract in clinical isolates and its development into herbal tablet dosage form","authors":"T. Ajala, Ayobami J. Olusola, O. Odeku","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v4i1.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.95","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ficus exasperata (Vahl) from the family Moraceae is a herb of ethnobotanical importance with antimicrobial properties. The past studies have been on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant, but there is a need to formulate this valuable herb into tablet dosage form to offer standardisation. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of F. exasperata leaf extract (extract) and formulate it into herbal tablet dosage form. Setting: The experiments were performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: The extract was obtained by maceration and assessed for antimicrobial activity using agar cup diffusion method. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using Avicel ® , Lactose and Emcompress ® at a drug–diluent ratio of 1:4 and 1:9. The flow properties of the powder mixtures were determined using compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose and density measurements. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using crushing strength (CS), friability (FR) and the crushing strength–friability ratio (CSFR) and release properties with disintegration times (DT), disintegration efficiency ratio and dissolution times. Analyses were carried out using two-way analysis of variance on Prism 5.0. Results: The results showed that the extract had concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity. The flow properties of the powder mixtures were in the rank order of Avicel ® > Lactose > Emcompress ® . Tablet CS and CSFR increased, whilst FR decreased with increase in compression force and diluent concentration. All tablets passed the DT test. The ranking of dissolution times was Avicel ® < Lactose < Emcompress ® < no diluent. Conclusion: Ficus exasperata extract demonstrated antimicrobial properties dependent on type of organism and extract concentration. The herbal tablets have acceptable mechanical and release parameters, which varied with diluent type, drug–diluent ratio and compression pressure.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.95","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook has demonstrated several medicinal properties against certain bacterial infections, including tuberculosis. However, scientific validation is imperative to verify its folkloric usage against tuberculosis. Aim: This study aimed at determining the chemical composition, toxicity and anti-tubercular potentials of the oils extracted from this plant. Setting: Plant material collection, essential oils extraction and antimycobacterial activity were performed at the University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. This article and selected technical aspect was constructed at the Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Methods: Comparative chemical composition of hydrodistilled (HD) and solvent-free microwaved essential (SFME) oils from C. anisata was analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was also carried out on the oils against a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The cytotoxicity assay of the oils was also assessed by using human dermal fibroplast (MRHF) cell lines. Results: Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of the essential oils revealed 51 distinct compounds with methyl eugenol and estragole in abundance. The IC 50 of volatile oils from SFME and HD methods against the MRHF cell line were 1 216 µ g/mL and 383 µ g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, both oils and ethambutol (standard drug) showed no activity against the strain of M. tuberculosis , but rifampicin supressed the growth of the organism at 0.25 µ g/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that C. anisata is safe for consumption, and further studies of combinative potent but non-toxic oils engaging hydrodistillation method are strongly recommended for enhanced effect against M. tuberculosis .
{"title":"Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and anti-mycobacterium activities of Clausena anisata essential oils","authors":"I. Lawal","doi":"10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.90","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook has demonstrated several medicinal properties against certain bacterial infections, including tuberculosis. However, scientific validation is imperative to verify its folkloric usage against tuberculosis. Aim: This study aimed at determining the chemical composition, toxicity and anti-tubercular potentials of the oils extracted from this plant. Setting: Plant material collection, essential oils extraction and antimycobacterial activity were performed at the University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. This article and selected technical aspect was constructed at the Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Methods: Comparative chemical composition of hydrodistilled (HD) and solvent-free microwaved essential (SFME) oils from C. anisata was analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was also carried out on the oils against a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The cytotoxicity assay of the oils was also assessed by using human dermal fibroplast (MRHF) cell lines. Results: Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of the essential oils revealed 51 distinct compounds with methyl eugenol and estragole in abundance. The IC 50 of volatile oils from SFME and HD methods against the MRHF cell line were 1 216 µ g/mL and 383 µ g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, both oils and ethambutol (standard drug) showed no activity against the strain of M. tuberculosis , but rifampicin supressed the growth of the organism at 0.25 µ g/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that C. anisata is safe for consumption, and further studies of combinative potent but non-toxic oils engaging hydrodistillation method are strongly recommended for enhanced effect against M. tuberculosis .","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Steroids have been reported to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, and Vernonia glaberrima also possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lupeol isolated from the n-hexane soluble fraction of the methanol leaf extract of V. glaberrima on pain and inflammation. Method: Lupeol was re-isolated from the leaf of V. glaberrima by using chromatographic procedures; it was subjected to analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies by using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and formalin-induced pain and inflammation in rats, respectively. The intraperitoneal lethal dose (LD 50 ) of lupeol was determined by using Lorke’s method. Results: The results of the study showed that lupeol significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased writhing response at doses 12.5 mg/kg, 25.0 mg/kg and 50.0 mg/kg corresponding to percentage inhibition of 83.60%, 83.63% and 80.02%, respectively. This was higher than piroxicam, the standard drug (73.8%), at 10 mg/kg. The compound was also able to significantly ( p < 0.05) reduce nociceptive response in both phases of the formalin test, and there was a remarkable reduction of oedema by the compound at the second, third and fourth hours. The median LD 50 of the compound was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that lupeol from the leaf of V. glaberrima has good analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity that validates the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions.
{"title":"Effect of lupeol from Vernonia glaberrima (Asteraceae) on pain and inflammation","authors":"A. Yusuf, M. Abdullahi, A. Umar, F. Musa","doi":"10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.84","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Steroids have been reported to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, and Vernonia glaberrima also possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lupeol isolated from the n-hexane soluble fraction of the methanol leaf extract of V. glaberrima on pain and inflammation. Method: Lupeol was re-isolated from the leaf of V. glaberrima by using chromatographic procedures; it was subjected to analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies by using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and formalin-induced pain and inflammation in rats, respectively. The intraperitoneal lethal dose (LD 50 ) of lupeol was determined by using Lorke’s method. Results: The results of the study showed that lupeol significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased writhing response at doses 12.5 mg/kg, 25.0 mg/kg and 50.0 mg/kg corresponding to percentage inhibition of 83.60%, 83.63% and 80.02%, respectively. This was higher than piroxicam, the standard drug (73.8%), at 10 mg/kg. The compound was also able to significantly ( p < 0.05) reduce nociceptive response in both phases of the formalin test, and there was a remarkable reduction of oedema by the compound at the second, third and fourth hours. The median LD 50 of the compound was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that lupeol from the leaf of V. glaberrima has good analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity that validates the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":"4 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction. Aim: This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of solvent–solvent fractions from M. indica leaves in female Wistar rats. Setting: This is laboratory animal-based phytopharmacological investigation conducted at the University of Ilorin. Methods: Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves was successfully fractionated to give ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF). The fractions at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeal index (ADI) was also computed. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction, NBF and ARF significantly ( p < 0.05) extended the onset of diarrhoea, reduced fecal parameters (number, weight and water content of feaces and number of diarrhoeal feaces), masses and volumes of intestinal fluid, distance covered by charcoal meal, peristaltic index and its inhibition, with ARF exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ADI at 25 and 100 mg/kg bw (equivalent doses of 14.09 and 56.3 mg/kg bw, respectively) of ARF which were 55.19 and 49.87, respectively were similar to 48.50 produced by loperamide/atropine sulphate. The ADI of 32.36 and 10.18 for 100 mg/kg bw each (equivalent of 26.41 and 17.24 mg/kg bw) of EAF and NBF respectively, were lower than that of loperamide/atropine sulphate (48.50). Conclusion: Of all the fractions, the 25 mg/kg bw of ARF produced the most profound antidiarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory mechanisms.
{"title":"Antidiarrhoeal activity of fractions of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal female Wistar rats","authors":"S. S. Salimon, M. Yakubu","doi":"10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.88","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction. Aim: This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of solvent–solvent fractions from M. indica leaves in female Wistar rats. Setting: This is laboratory animal-based phytopharmacological investigation conducted at the University of Ilorin. Methods: Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves was successfully fractionated to give ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF). The fractions at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeal index (ADI) was also computed. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction, NBF and ARF significantly ( p < 0.05) extended the onset of diarrhoea, reduced fecal parameters (number, weight and water content of feaces and number of diarrhoeal feaces), masses and volumes of intestinal fluid, distance covered by charcoal meal, peristaltic index and its inhibition, with ARF exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ADI at 25 and 100 mg/kg bw (equivalent doses of 14.09 and 56.3 mg/kg bw, respectively) of ARF which were 55.19 and 49.87, respectively were similar to 48.50 produced by loperamide/atropine sulphate. The ADI of 32.36 and 10.18 for 100 mg/kg bw each (equivalent of 26.41 and 17.24 mg/kg bw) of EAF and NBF respectively, were lower than that of loperamide/atropine sulphate (48.50). Conclusion: Of all the fractions, the 25 mg/kg bw of ARF produced the most profound antidiarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4102/JOMPED.V4I1.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47003677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of medicinal plants from the beginning to the present","authors":"F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi","doi":"10.29252/jmp.19.75.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jmp.19.75.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16582,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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