Journal of oleo science最新文献

This study investigates the effects of microwave radiation on Euglena gracilis (Euglena) during brief exposure periods, as well as the subsequent enhancement of growth under different conditions. The growth patterns of Euglena in these environments were systematically analyzed. Additionally, the study examined whether the growth rate of microwave-irradiated heterotrophic cultures of Euglena could be improved with 24-hour or shorter light exposure, which is an important factor in the industrial production of this organism. Results indicated that a 1-minute pulse of microwave radiation caused a twofold increase in growth compared to the control, even under autotrophic culture conditions without added CO₂. Furthermore, there was a significant 2.6-fold increase in growth when daily light exposure was reduced from 24 to 10 hours.

This study aims to determine the optimal harvest period of olives by distinguishing the olive oils with different fruit maturity indices (MIs). Gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology was employed to qualitatively and differently analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of olive oil extracted from eight MIs of 'Koroneiki' olive fruits, harvested in Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. The results showed that 40 signal peaks were isolated in the eight olive oils with different MIs, and 33 VOCs were identified. These include alcohols (7 kinds), esters (7 kinds), aldehydes (6 kinds), ketones (5 kinds), acids (2 kinds), olefins (2 kinds), and other compounds (4). A total of 20 differential markers for key flavors, with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1, were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that the olive oil samples of the 7th maturity index (QJ7), QJ8, and QJ5, QJ6 have significant differences from the other four olive oils. This suggests that olive oils with different maturity indices can be effectively distinguished.

The rising cost of fish meal and soybean meal for aquafeeds has encouraged researchers to look for alternative protein sources. To find an alternative, this study was designed to replace soybean meal with silkworm pupae meal. An experimental feeding trial of 75 days was conducted on Pangasius fingerlings to assess the effects of partially substituted soybean meal with silkworm pupae meal (SWPM) on growth performance, antioxidant activity, and digestive enzymes. Four isonitrogenous diets were made with 0% SWPM as control and 25%, 50%, and 75% silkworm pupae meal as experimental diets. The fingerlings were given control and experimental diets at 3% of their body weight. The study found that the groups given SWPM at 25% and 50% concentration had the best growth performance, feed efficiency (up to 0.80±0.00%), and feed conversion ratio (up to 1.24±0.00%). Both groups showed increased highest final weight (up to 22.25±0.76), weight gain % (up to 95.03±0.35%), and improved survival growth rates (100%) as compared to the control. The control and treated groups (25% and 50%) exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) in terms of antioxidant activity and digestive enzymes. The histomorphometry examination revealed no damage in hepatic tissues, intestinal villi, and podocytes as a result of the inclusion of silkworm pupae meal. The data suggest that silkworm pupae meal may serve as an adequate replacement for soybean meal, up to 50%, without negatively impacting the growth responses, antioxidant, and digestive enzyme activities of Pangasius.

Fat bloom is a serious problem that occurs when chocolate and related products are stored at high temperatures for long periods. Various techniques have been used to retard and prevent the fat bloom phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the ability of a new type of symmetrical triacylglycerol, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol (PPoP), containing palmitic acid (P) at positions sn-1 and sn-3 and palmitoleic acid (Po) at position sn-2, to retard or prevent fat bloom formation. An XRD study of cocoa butter (CB) and TAG mixtures of CB/PPoP and CB/POP revealed that CB and CB/POP mixtures transformed into polymorphic Form VI under conditions where the storage temperature was gradually raised from 20°C to 28°C over a period of 100 days. In contrast, the XRD patterns of CB/PPoP mixtures after 100 days of storage was similar to that of Form V of CB, and unlike that of Form VI of CB. These results are the first to indicate that the adding PPoP may prevent or delay the polymorphic transformation of CB from Form V to Form VI. We also investigated the physical properties and fat bloom stability of cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) and dark chocolates made with different PPoP concentration and found that the solid fat contents of CBE decreased with increasing amounts of PPoP. the addition of PPoP tended to soften the dark chocolate. Finally, we found that the fat bloom formation of dark chocolate under thermal cycle storage conditions between 18°C-30.5°C and 20°C-32°C could be retarded by adding of PPoP. However, further studies are warranted to elucidate the PPoP-induced retarding mechanisms during the transition from Form V to Form VI.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have attracted significant attention in the field of optoelectronics, and their single crystals, in particular, exhibit high carrier mobility. However, because single crystals were typically grown from highly polar donor solvents, the crystallization process was complicated by the formation of complexes, solvated crystals, and polymorphs. Despite these complexities, many studies have relied on empirical trial-and-error approaches, without systematically integrating the crystallization process into crystal engineering through phase diagrams. In this study, we constructed a phase diagram of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite and clarified its solubility and precipitation curves. From van't Hoff analysis, we determined the enthalpy and entropy of dissolution. Based on the supersaturation conditions obtained from the precipitation and solubility curves, we successfully grew single crystals. These insights are expected to provide important guidance for the fabrication of solar cells, photodetectors, and integrated devices.

Water chestnut (Trapa japonica) is a thorny aquatic floating plant that contains hydrolyzable polyphenols (WCPs) such as eugeniin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (TGG), and trapain. Previous studies have revealed that WCPs have antioxidant properties and can suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation in mice and human participants. However, the functionality of WCPs in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome, which have become significant issues in recent years, remains unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of WCPs on lipid metabolism. We initially investigated the effects of WCPs on pancreatic lipase in vitro. Among WCPs, eugeniin and trapain, which contain a hexahydroxybiphenyl group, particularly inhibited lipase activity. We also found that WCPs suppressed fat accumulation in mouse adipose progenitor 3T3-L1 cells. We compared the effects of WCPs on lipid metabolism among groups of mice (n=7 each) fed for four weeks without (standard control and high-fat (HF) diet controls) or with HFWP 0.5 or HFWP 1 supplemented with 0.5 and 1% WCPs, respectively. Subsequently, we examined lipid-related parameters in adipose tissue, liver, and blood. We found significantly lower plasma triacylglycerol content in the HFWP1 than in the HF group. These findings suggest that WCPs may help prevent the onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Aquilaria agallocha is an economically valuable plant facing endangerment, sought after globally for its production of agarwood. A. agallocha tree possesses medicinal and aromatic properties in its fruits, branches, leaves, wood, and roots, which are being studied for their effective compounds and their potential bioactive effects on human health. This study aimed to uncover the phytochemical properties and biological activities of A. agallocha roots, which possess medicinal and aromatic characteristics. The phenolic, organic acid, and sugar profiles of A. agallocha roots were determined using HPLC-DAD, while mineral distributions were analyzed via ICP-AES. In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of A. agalocha roots against S. aureus, S. carnosus, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, L. innocua, K. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis were estimated with disc diffusion and MIC methods. The amount of total phenolic and in vitro DPPH radical scavenging capacity of A. agalocha roots were determined as 7.529 mg GAE/g and 18.83 µmol TE/g, respectively. Eight phenolic components were detected in the extracts of A. agalocha roots. The most dominant among these phenolic compounds detected was tannic acid, which was followed by 4-hydrobenzoic acid and oleuropein, respectively. In the aqueous extracts of A. agalocha roots, four organic acids were identified, including citric, tartaric, malic and succinic acid, and succinic acid was the most dominant organic acid. Only fructose sugar was detected in the water extracts of A. agalocha roots. The extracts of A. agalocha roots had a strong antibacterial effect against all gram-positive pathogens except for S. carnosus, but did not have any effect against gram-negative bacteria.

Medicinal plants, rich in polyphenolic compounds, play a crucial role in traditional and modern medicine due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and disease-preventing properties. This study investigated the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity across various growth stages (pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering) of four medicinal plants: Primula auriculata L., Stachys vulgaris L., Verbascum spp., and Ajuga oblongata L., cultivated in the Soran region, Erbil Province, Iraqi Kurdistan. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nine types of polyphenols were identified and quantified, including gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids. The results showed significant variations in polyphenol concentrations across different plant species and growth stages. For example, Primula exhibited the highest levels of gallic acid (41.91 mg/kg) during pre-flowering, while Ajuga showed peak chlorogenic acid content (827.62 mg/kg) post-flowering. Antioxidant activity was highest in Ajuga during flowering (75.33%) and lowest during post-flowering. Overall, polyphenol content was positively correlated with antioxidant activity, highlighting the importance of growth stage in optimizing the medicinal benefits of these plants. These findings contribute to the ethnobotanical knowledge of Kurdish medicinal plants and offer insights into the optimal harvest times for maximizing bioactive compounds.