Journal of oleo science最新文献

Preventing hyperlipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease are attractive to public health. Essential oils are extremely promising nutrients for use in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, whose effectiveness is closely related to its volatile composition. We extracted fingered citron essential oil (FCEO) with steam distillation, analyzed the chemical composition, and evaluated its effects on hyperlipidemia. We identified 25 volatile compounds of FCEO with GC/MS, of which the main constituents were limonene and γ-terpinene. This study explored the protective effects of FCEOs against diet-induced hyperlipidemia Syrian hamsters. FCEOs treatment ranges from 0.03% to 0.05% with a daily diet. As of 12 weeks later, we found that the administration of the FCEOs improved the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < 0.05). Further, LDL-C/HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) ratios were significantly reduced (39.02-68.07 vs. 80.27). Simultaneously, the FCEOs had improved lipid metabolism and histopathology in the liver. These actions suggest the potential of FCEO as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.

The root of Rehmannia glutinosa is an ingredient in herbal medicine used for tonifying blood in Japanese Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Biological investigations of the roots have been well reported; however, those of the leaves are limited. In this study, we examined the potential value of R. glutinosa leaves, focusing on their antioxidant activity and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation. The leaf extract exhibited both antioxidant and anti-glycation activities in all assay systems, and the potencies of the leaves were stronger than those of the roots. The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of eight compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction. Among them and their related compounds, acteoside (3), luteolin (6), and echinacoside (12) exhibited DPPH radical scavenging, copper ion reduction, and SOD-like activities. Furthermore, compound 6, apigenin (7), and chrysoeriol (8) exhibited anti-glycation activities. The leaf extract tended to contain higher amounts of most analytes, especially compounds 3, 6, and 7, suggesting that these compounds contributed to the antioxidant or anti-glycation activities of R. glutinosa leaves. These findings will aid in the effective use of R. glutinosa leaves.

One of the wild herbs that grows naturally in the springtime in Kurdistan's mountainous regions is Eremurus robustus. The study aimed to detect the proximate analysis, polyphenols, fatty acid profile, and mineral composition in the leaves of Eremurus robustus. Proximate composition revealed it is a source of vitamin C, fiber, and protein. Nine phenolic compounds and 24 fatty acids were detected, along with 14 saturated and 10 unsaturated fatty acids using high-performance liquid chromatography (HP-LC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometers (GC-MS). Seventeen mineral compositions were found using an inductively coupled spectrophotometric technique. Vegetable trace metal concentrations can be assessed by comparing the daily diets of plants and humans. The research suggests that Eremurus robustus leaves can serve as nutritional supplements and functional foods, not just for therapeutic uses.

Oxidative stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis or dysfunction promotes the progression of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Neng-Jing-Huo (NJH), an essential oil mixture of Gaultheria procumbens, Zingiber officinale, Bulnesia sarmientoi, Artemisia vulgaris, and Styrax benzoin, exhibits antioxidant potential. However, its specific action mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of NJH against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress injury using NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells and assess the underlying mechanisms. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and aging were evaluated via MTT assay, DCFH2-DA, JC-1, TUNEL, and red beta-D-galactopyranoside staining, respectively. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed via semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Notably, NJH alleviated H₂O₂-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NJH inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the Bcl-2 levels and downregulating the Bax levels, thereby preventing the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was significantly increased by H₂O₂; however, this effect was dose-dependently attenuated by NJH. The findings highlight NJH as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress injury-associated kidney disorders.

This study aimed to examine the changes and correlations between fatty acids and volatile organic compounds in ready-to-eat fried loach (RTE-FL) over 10 days of storage by Schaal oven tests. The results showed that the peroxide value (POV) increased to 16.64 mg/100 g within first 4 days of storage and decreased over the next 6 days. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value increased gradually from 0.51 mg MDA/kg to 1.45 mg MDA/kg, while the sensory evaluation score showed the opposite trend. OPLS-DA combined with ROAV analysis revealed the 7 flavor substances with VIP ≥ 1 and ROAV ≥ 1 were identified as key differential flavor compounds. Furthermore, γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidonic acid (C20:1), pentadecenoic acid (C15:1), heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were significantly correlated with substances with rancid and pungent odors such as Hexanal-D (ROAV=29.29-62.09), Butanal-D (ROAV=15.95-35.59), 2-methyl propanal (ROAV=332.53-411.37), and 2-methylbutanal-D (ROAV=69.67-204.73). These findings provide valuable insights into flavor changes in RTE-FL during storage.

House cricket (Acheta domesticus) oil is a potential source of the food industry, but its applications are still very limited. This study introduced a simple protocol for refining crude cricket oil and then utilized the refined oil for mayonnaise production. Physical and chemical analysis showed that refining process could eliminate most free fatty acids as well as unwanted impurities in raw material. Refined cricket oil had a very high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (35% oleic and 28% linoleic acids) and was appropriate to replace vegetable oil in mayonnaise productions. Texture and rheology analysis were applied to compare the quality of vegetable oil-based mayonnaise and refined cricket oil-based mayonnaise. Obtained results revealed that the latter had a better structure as well as a higher viscosity.

In this study, the antioxidant potential and phenolic compound profiles of extracts obtained from the fruit, leaf, and seed parts of Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) collected from Tortum, Erzurum (Turkey) using ethanol and water solvents were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays, while total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content were measured spectrophotometrically. In addition, phenolic profiles were analyzed using LC-MS/MS technique. Among the extracts, those labeled "SD-MAS-H₂O" and "SD-MAS-EtOH" exhibited the highest antioxidant activities, with IC₅₀ values of 2.16±0.11 and 2.27±0.09 µg/mL for DPPH, and 1.35 and 1.47±0.05 µg/mL for ABTS, respectively. In the CUPRAC assay, these same extracts showed the strongest reducing power, with absorbance values of 0.866 and 0.828. The highest total phenolic content was found in the "SD-MAS-ETOH" extract (157.80 µg GAE/g), followed by "LF-MAS-ETOH" (113.09 µg GAE/g) and "SD-HDR" (110.76 µg GAE/g). The "SD-MAS-ETOH" extract also contained the highest total flavonoid content (586.47 µg QE/g). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the "SD-MAS-H₂O" extract contained high concentrations of gallic acid (443.62 mg/L), vanillic acid (484.35 mg/L), hydroxybenzaldehyde (250.52 mg/L), and hesperidin (34.74 mg/L). These compounds are considered major contributors to the observed antioxidant activity. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between total phenolic content and IC₅₀ values for DPPH (r = -0.7535) and ABTS (r = -0.7353), indicating a strong relationship between phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. These findings highlight the potential of Cornus mas L. as a valuable natural antioxidant source for applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

The enantiomeric distribution of the δ- and γ-lactones in Wagyu beef was determined using solvent extraction and gas chromatography with a chiral capillary column. The results revealed that the predominant lactones in Wagyu were (R)-δ-tetradecalactone and (R)-δ-hexadecalactone. The concentrations of several lactone types were higher after heat treatment. δ-Lactones were predominantly present in the (R)-form in the heated samples. γ-Dodecalactone was also abundant in the (R)-form, whereas other γ-lactones were found in racemic mixtures. These findings suggest that the major lactones in Wagyu beef primarily exist in the (R)-form and that heat treatment influences their enantiomeric distribution.

This study investigates the effect of flavor loading ratio (FL) on the retention and release properties of d-limonene encapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin as a wall material. Three powders were prepared with different d-limonene loading ratios (50% (w/w), 40% (w/w) and 30% (w/w)). As the FL increased, d-limonene retention decreased, and the ratio of surface d-limonene increased. The release rate of d-limonene from the powders was found to increase with both higher storage temperature and FL. The release of d-limonene was analyzed separately for the surface oil, which evaporates immediately, and for the d-limonene encapsulated within the powder. The release rate constant and activation energy were determined by applying the Weibull model to the encapsulated d-limonene content. As the FL increased, the activation energy for d-limonene release from spray-dried powder also increased, suggesting that lower loading ratios provide more effective protection of flavor in the powders.