This research was designed to explore the biological effects of compounds isolated from Euphorbia poissoni pax for the formulation of an Incapacitating Agent against Albino rat; which will serve as an indigenous weapon for the Nigerian defence system and also as an insecticide. Chloroform extracts of Euphorbia poissoni pax was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to ascertain the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Fourier- Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the presences of some chemical compounds including (4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4- methyl-2-pentanone) trimethylsilyl Ether, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Carbonic acid(1R)-(-)-menthylnonyl ester, 13-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 1,3,5-triazine, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(mthylthio) and Phthalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl-2-ethylhexyl ester. In the chloroform extract. The LD50 of the plant extract was calculated to be 1733.33 mg/kg, which is within the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The extract exerted a potent biological activity at 1000 mg/kg on applying under pressure on the rat skin and incapacitated the rat for 2 minutes. The extract showed an effective insecticidal effect against cockroaches and beans weevils.
{"title":"Evaluation of Euphorbia poissonii pax for the formulation of an -incapacitating agent","authors":"F. Awe, M. Adeyemi, J.B. Yakassai, E.A. Kolawale","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research was designed to explore the biological effects of compounds isolated from Euphorbia poissoni pax for the formulation of an Incapacitating Agent against Albino rat; which will serve as an indigenous weapon for the Nigerian defence system and also as an insecticide. Chloroform extracts of Euphorbia poissoni pax was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to ascertain the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Fourier- Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the presences of some chemical compounds including (4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4- methyl-2-pentanone) trimethylsilyl Ether, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Carbonic acid(1R)-(-)-menthylnonyl ester, 13-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 1,3,5-triazine, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(mthylthio) and Phthalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl-2-ethylhexyl ester. In the chloroform extract. The LD50 of the plant extract was calculated to be 1733.33 mg/kg, which is within the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The extract exerted a potent biological activity at 1000 mg/kg on applying under pressure on the rat skin and incapacitated the rat for 2 minutes. The extract showed an effective insecticidal effect against cockroaches and beans weevils.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114379608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disposal of produced water obtained from crude oil could be challenging and tough because of the effect it has on the environment. Produced water contains high levels of salt and toxic substances which must be treated before re-use or disposal to reduce their impact on the environment, people and assets. Hence, the characterization of produced water for its chemical composition is essential. This study presents the determination of heavy metals (Co, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cd) in produced water obtained from crude oil emulsion samples via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples were subjected to treatment prior to analysis. The analytical curve obtained from the calibration gave excellent correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9995- 1.000 and the recovery values obtained were very good (95% - 105%). The result of the heavy metal analysis in μg/l (Co:
{"title":"Multi-elemental analysis of free water obtained from water in oil emulsions from Niger Delta Region using ICP-OES","authors":"B.J. Osiname, U. Chukwu, R. Duru","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Disposal of produced water obtained from crude oil could be challenging and tough because of the effect it has on the environment. Produced water contains high levels of salt and toxic substances which must be treated before re-use or disposal to reduce their impact on the environment, people and assets. Hence, the characterization of produced water for its chemical composition is essential. This study presents the determination of heavy metals (Co, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cd) in produced water obtained from crude oil emulsion samples via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples were subjected to treatment prior to analysis. The analytical curve obtained from the calibration gave excellent correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9995- 1.000 and the recovery values obtained were very good (95% - 105%). The result of the heavy metal analysis in μg/l (Co: <DL to 14.3, Cu: 114.1 to 1553.2, Fe: 492.1 to 1576.4, Ni: 52.3 to 174.5, Pb: <DL to 15.1, Zn: 92.4 to 432.9, Cd: 2.3 to 4.4) indicates that the concentrations of the metals evaluated in the produced water samples were above the recommended discharge limit ( Zn - 1.0 mg/L, Co - 0.02 mg/L, Fe - 1.0 mg/L, Cu - 0.02 mg/L, Cd - 0.01 mg/L, Ni - 0.03 mg/L and Pb - 0.05 mg/L).","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the statistical analysis of Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in Nigeria considering some other indices which are, Human Development Index (HDI), Global Peace Index (GPI) and Global Hunger Index (GHI). Data set was standardized using two different methods due to the different units and scales used in measuring the indices. Analyses were carried out on the two standardized data sets resulting in different covariance matrices but same correlation matrices, multiple and partial correlation coefficients. Hypothesis testing was carried out on both multiple and partial correlation coefficient at 5% level of significance. Result shows that a slight positive correlation exists between CPI and HDI, CPI and GHI (which implies that as CPI is increasing, HDI is also increasing, same for CPI and GHI) while a slight negative correlation exists between CPI and GPI (which implies a reverse). The partial correlation analysis carried out on the standardized data set indicates that a slight positive relationship exists between CPI and HDI holding GHI and GPI constant, a fair positive relationship exists between CPI and GHI holding HDI and GPI constant (which implies that without considering the effect of GPI, as CPI is decreasing, GHI and HDI are also decreasing) , a fair negative relationship exists between CPI and GPI holding HDI and GHI constant (without considering the effect of HDI and GHI, as CPI is decreasing, GPI is also decreasing) holding CPI constant a fair positive relationship exist between HDI and GHI(without considering the effect of CPI, as HDI is increasing, GHI is also increasing, a moderate positive relationship exists between HDI and GPI and a substantial positive correlation exists between GHI and GPI. Multiple correlation analyses were also carried out on the standardized data set which indicates a moderate positive relationship. Generally, CPI and HDI have dominant effect on the national economy.
{"title":"Statistical analyses on the correlation of corruption perception index and some other indices in Nigeria","authors":"T. Onyeogulu, U. Ogoke","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the statistical analysis of Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in Nigeria considering some other indices which are, Human Development Index (HDI), Global Peace Index (GPI) and Global Hunger Index (GHI). Data set was standardized using two different methods due to the different units and scales used in measuring the indices. Analyses were carried out on the two standardized data sets resulting in different covariance matrices but same correlation matrices, multiple and partial correlation coefficients. Hypothesis testing was carried out on both multiple and partial correlation coefficient at 5% level of significance. Result shows that a slight positive correlation exists between CPI and HDI, CPI and GHI (which implies that as CPI is increasing, HDI is also increasing, same for CPI and GHI) while a slight negative correlation exists between CPI and GPI (which implies a reverse). The partial correlation analysis carried out on the standardized data set indicates that a slight positive relationship exists between CPI and HDI holding GHI and GPI constant, a fair positive relationship exists between CPI and GHI holding HDI and GPI constant (which implies that without considering the effect of GPI, as CPI is decreasing, GHI and HDI are also decreasing) , a fair negative relationship exists between CPI and GPI holding HDI and GHI constant (without considering the effect of HDI and GHI, as CPI is decreasing, GPI is also decreasing) holding CPI constant a fair positive relationship exist between HDI and GHI(without considering the effect of CPI, as HDI is increasing, GHI is also increasing, a moderate positive relationship exists between HDI and GPI and a substantial positive correlation exists between GHI and GPI. Multiple correlation analyses were also carried out on the standardized data set which indicates a moderate positive relationship. Generally, CPI and HDI have dominant effect on the national economy.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116435682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical investigation of propolis samples from southern Nigeria led to the isolation of cycloartanetype triterpenes namely: 24-methylene cycloartanol and ambonic acid along with pentacyclic triterpenes: Lupeol and α, β-amyrins. All compounds were identified and structures elucidated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopic data and comparison with literature.
{"title":"Cycloartanes and pentacyclic triterpenes from Awka and ijebuode propolis and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity","authors":"S. Iyen, J. Anyam, J. Igoli, T. A. Tor-anyiin","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical investigation of propolis samples from southern Nigeria led to the isolation of cycloartanetype triterpenes namely: 24-methylene cycloartanol and ambonic acid along with pentacyclic triterpenes: Lupeol and α, β-amyrins. All compounds were identified and structures elucidated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopic data and comparison with literature.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epie creek, located at the Southern part of Nigeria has been known for its use as sink for the disposal of untreated sewage and industrial effluents. Benthic foraminifera are increasingly been used as environmental bio-indicators of pollution. Their munity structure provides information on the general characteristics of the environment and some species are sensitive to specific environmental parameters. This study investigates recent foraminifera from sediment samples collected from ten (10) stations (ranging in depths from 1m to 4.2m) in the Epie creek from Igbogene to Tombia- Etegwe. The environmental factors that necessitate their existence such as temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured during the sampling time. Metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Recognized benthic foraminifera species belonging to four (4) genera of three (3) families and four(4) suborder were identified. Five (5) benthic foraminifera taxa were identified from sediment samples which include Lenticulina stellata, Saccammina sp, Marginulina costata, Marginulina cf. planata and Trochammina sp. The stress tolerant specie, Trochammina ,sp. was common in the study area confirming a stressed environment.
{"title":"The response of benthic foraminifera to environmental changes in Epie creek, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State","authors":"G. Soronnadi-Ononiwu, T. Anthony, Y. Yikarebogha","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Epie creek, located at the Southern part of Nigeria has been known for its use as sink for the disposal of untreated sewage and industrial effluents. Benthic foraminifera are increasingly been used as environmental bio-indicators of pollution. Their munity structure provides information on the general characteristics of the environment and some species are sensitive to specific environmental parameters. This study investigates recent foraminifera from sediment samples collected from ten (10) stations (ranging in depths from 1m to 4.2m) in the Epie creek from Igbogene to Tombia- Etegwe. The environmental factors that necessitate their existence such as temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured during the sampling time. Metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Recognized benthic foraminifera species belonging to four (4) genera of three (3) families and four(4) suborder were identified. Five (5) benthic foraminifera taxa were identified from sediment samples which include Lenticulina stellata, Saccammina sp, Marginulina costata, Marginulina cf. planata and Trochammina sp. The stress tolerant specie, Trochammina ,sp. was common in the study area confirming a stressed environment.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128394124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reviewed the probabilistic feature of binomial distribution in the operation of machine learning (ML) classifications. It also examined a normal distribution and the concepts for approximating the binomial distribution to a normal distribution in estimating generalization error and its role in machine learning model selection. Again, it studied the confident interval and hypothesis testing and their estimations in the evaluation and comparison of the Performance metrics (Accuracy) of the learning algorithms. The paper highlighted their statistical significance to the ML models and classifiers as well as the differences in their utilization in statistics and machine learning.
{"title":"Relating statistical methods to machine learning predictive models","authors":"S. Agu, F. Elugwu","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviewed the probabilistic feature of binomial distribution in the operation of machine learning (ML) classifications. It also examined a normal distribution and the concepts for approximating the binomial distribution to a normal distribution in estimating generalization error and its role in machine learning model selection. Again, it studied the confident interval and hypothesis testing and their estimations in the evaluation and comparison of the Performance metrics (Accuracy) of the learning algorithms. The paper highlighted their statistical significance to the ML models and classifiers as well as the differences in their utilization in statistics and machine learning. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agidi is a thick gel-like fermented food made from cereal pastes; it serves as a major complementary food for infants in many parts of West Africa. The aim of this work was to investigate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of sorghum-carrot agidi enriched with Terminalia catappia seed flours. The composition of minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and Vitamins (A, B1, B2, B12, D and E) in the sorghum based agidi samples were analyzed using standard protocol. The antioxidant properties of the agidi samples were determined by Ferric Reducing Properties (FRAP), Free Radical Scavenging Ability (DPPH), Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Ability (OH) and Fe2+ chelating (Fe2+). The results showed that iron content of the agidi samples ranged from 0.754±0.066 to 1.363±0.069ppm while the Zinc content of the samples were between 0.756±0.030 to 1.96±0.015 ppm. The Vitamin A content of the Agidi samples was between 21.77 – 41.78 mcg RAE while that of Vitamins B1and B2 were 0.0773 – 1.39μg/g. The enriched Agidi sample J5 had the highest values of Vitamins D and E, 1.20 and 1.35μg/g respectively. The antioxidant properties determined showed FRAP values ranged from 3.265±0.026 μg/g to 26.460±0.026 μg/g, DPPH values were between 78.976±0.168 to 87.976±0.168% and sample J4 had the highest Fe2+ chelation values 29.545±0.267%. The vitamins and minerals composition of the sorghum agidi samples were enhanced significantly (P<0.05) by enrichment with carrot and tropical almond seed flours and this was reciprocated in theirantioxidant potencies.
{"title":"Antioxidant properties, antioxidant minerals and vitamins composition of sorghum-carrot agidi enriched with Terminalia catappia L seed flour","authors":"A.J. Ujoh, M. I. Yusufu, D. Ahure","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Agidi is a thick gel-like fermented food made from cereal pastes; it serves as a major complementary food for infants in many parts of West Africa. The aim of this work was to investigate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of sorghum-carrot agidi enriched with Terminalia catappia seed flours. The composition of minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and Vitamins (A, B1, B2, B12, D and E) in the sorghum based agidi samples were analyzed using standard protocol. The antioxidant properties of the agidi samples were determined by Ferric Reducing Properties (FRAP), Free Radical Scavenging Ability (DPPH), Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Ability (OH) and Fe2+ chelating (Fe2+). The results showed that iron content of the agidi samples ranged from 0.754±0.066 to 1.363±0.069ppm while the Zinc content of the samples were between 0.756±0.030 to 1.96±0.015 ppm. The Vitamin A content of the Agidi samples was between 21.77 – 41.78 mcg RAE while that of Vitamins B1and B2 were 0.0773 – 1.39μg/g. The enriched Agidi sample J5 had the highest values of Vitamins D and E, 1.20 and 1.35μg/g respectively. The antioxidant properties determined showed FRAP values ranged from 3.265±0.026 μg/g to 26.460±0.026 μg/g, DPPH values were between 78.976±0.168 to 87.976±0.168% and sample J4 had the highest Fe2+ chelation values 29.545±0.267%. The vitamins and minerals composition of the sorghum agidi samples were enhanced significantly (P<0.05) by enrichment with carrot and tropical almond seed flours and this was reciprocated in theirantioxidant potencies.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127494724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. C. Iwuagwu, C. Umechuruba, C. Ononuju, A. E. Obidiebube, C. Obasi, U. O. Aguwa
There has been a low productivity experienced by rice farmers in South Eastern Nigeria as a result of high infestation of pests and diseases caused majorly by fungal pathogens. This research was aimed at pulling together the fungi pathogens associated with rice plants through a comprehensive survey in such a way that one could see at a glance what the problems of fungi diseases look like in the zone. Two middle diagonal lines were drawn (in each plot of rice at distance of 20 cm) along the transverse and sampled. Disease incidence was assessed by visual observation of rice diseases in the fields. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA in RCBD using Gen Stat. 7.2 DE version (2007). Mean separation was done using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (F-LSD) at 5% level of probability. Incdence and severity of rice diseases was as high as 98.60% and 3.20, respectively. The most important diseases were seed rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme followed by leaf rot caused by Helminthosporium oryzae. Fusarium moniliforme was the most frequently occurring. Out of the fungi belonging to nine genera Fusarium moniiforme was highest in Abia, Helminthosorium oryzae was highest in Anambra,State and Trichoconis padiwickii was highest in Ebonyi. Phoma oryzae occurred most in Enugu State while Fusarium oxysporim was highest in Imo state.
{"title":"Incidence survey and severity of fungal diseases of rice in rice growing areas of South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"C. C. Iwuagwu, C. Umechuruba, C. Ononuju, A. E. Obidiebube, C. Obasi, U. O. Aguwa","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a low productivity experienced by rice farmers in South Eastern Nigeria as a result of high infestation of pests and diseases caused majorly by fungal pathogens. This research was aimed at pulling together the fungi pathogens associated with rice plants through a comprehensive survey in such a way that one could see at a glance what the problems of fungi diseases look like in the zone. Two middle diagonal lines were drawn (in each plot of rice at distance of 20 cm) along the transverse and sampled. Disease incidence was assessed by visual observation of rice diseases in the fields. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA in RCBD using Gen Stat. 7.2 DE version (2007). Mean separation was done using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (F-LSD) at 5% level of probability. Incdence and severity of rice diseases was as high as 98.60% and 3.20, respectively. The most important diseases were seed rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme followed by leaf rot caused by Helminthosporium oryzae. Fusarium moniliforme was the most frequently occurring. Out of the fungi belonging to nine genera Fusarium moniiforme was highest in Abia, Helminthosorium oryzae was highest in Anambra,State and Trichoconis padiwickii was highest in Ebonyi. Phoma oryzae occurred most in Enugu State while Fusarium oxysporim was highest in Imo state. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128521341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fruits and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals can pose health risks to humans. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of some metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in carrots cultivated in Wudil, Kano, Nigeria was investigated by calculating the chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of the metals. The mean concentrations of the metals were in the following decreasing order: Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd. The levels of all the metals were below the maximum tolerable limit set by FAO/WHO. The THQ for the heavy metals were all less than one (THQ < 1), showing that these metals did not constitute a noncarcinogenic risk to the population through the consumption of carrots. The percentage contributions of the metals to the total non-carcinogenic risk were in the following order: Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd>Ni. Cr was the major contributor to the total non-carcinogenic risk and accounted for 57.61% of the total risk, while Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni contributed 15.64%, 12.76%, 7.41%, and 6.58% respectively. The CR were all below the upper limit of 1×10-4, suggesting that lifetime exposure to these metals through the consumption of carrots did not pose a cancer risk to the population. The levels of the investigated metals in carrots in the area did not pose any risk to the consumers. However, there is a need to monitor the metals on regular basis to ensure the safety of the consumers.
{"title":"Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of some heavy metals in carrots selected from Wudil, Kano, Nigeria","authors":"C. C. Onoyima, F. Okibe, A. Ibrahim, E. E. Nwoye","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals can pose health risks to humans. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of some metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in carrots cultivated in Wudil, Kano, Nigeria was investigated by calculating the chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of the metals. The mean concentrations of the metals were in the following decreasing order: Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd. The levels of all the metals were below the maximum tolerable limit set by FAO/WHO. The THQ for the heavy metals were all less than one (THQ < 1), showing that these metals did not constitute a noncarcinogenic risk to the population through the consumption of carrots. The percentage contributions of the metals to the total non-carcinogenic risk were in the following order: Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd>Ni. Cr was the major contributor to the total non-carcinogenic risk and accounted for 57.61% of the total risk, while Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni contributed 15.64%, 12.76%, 7.41%, and 6.58% respectively. The CR were all below the upper limit of 1×10-4, suggesting that lifetime exposure to these metals through the consumption of carrots did not pose a cancer risk to the population. The levels of the investigated metals in carrots in the area did not pose any risk to the consumers. However, there is a need to monitor the metals on regular basis to ensure the safety of the consumers.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128989022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Users’ acceptability is one of the fundamental concepts for development and success of any technology. This research explores the level of acceptability and factors influencing the acceptance of IoT technology in agricultural processes in Nigeria. We modified and used the UTAUT2, as a theoretical basis to conduct empirical research to test the factors that influence farmers’ intention to use the IoT technology being the most current computing technology in their agricultural processes, to make farming processes easier and at their convenient which in turn will boost their produce. To empirically test our model, a survey was administered to eight hundred and thirty respondents consisting of petty farmers, agricultural technology/engineers, agricultural scientists, mechanized farmers, and agricultural academics in six States in Nigeria, drawn from 5 Geopolitical zone, to include: Akwa Ibom State, Kano State, Jigawa State, Imo State, and Ogun State. We found out that the level of acceptability was moderate. However, factors like social influence, attitude, awareness, financial strength, affect the general acceptability of IoT technology in Agriculture in Nigeria.
{"title":"Tention to use IoT technology on agricultural processes in Nigeria based on modified UTAUT model: perpectives of Nigerians’ farmers","authors":"G. G. James, A. E. Okpako, C. Agwu","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Users’ acceptability is one of the fundamental concepts for development and success of any technology. This research explores the level of acceptability and factors influencing the acceptance of IoT technology in agricultural processes in Nigeria. We modified and used the UTAUT2, as a theoretical basis to conduct empirical research to test the factors that influence farmers’ intention to use the IoT technology being the most current computing technology in their agricultural processes, to make farming processes easier and at their convenient which in turn will boost their produce. To empirically test our model, a survey was administered to eight hundred and thirty respondents consisting of petty farmers, agricultural technology/engineers, agricultural scientists, mechanized farmers, and agricultural academics in six States in Nigeria, drawn from 5 Geopolitical zone, to include: Akwa Ibom State, Kano State, Jigawa State, Imo State, and Ogun State. We found out that the level of acceptability was moderate. However, factors like social influence, attitude, awareness, financial strength, affect the general acceptability of IoT technology in Agriculture in Nigeria. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：