Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_22
Ali Syed, M Mupparapu
{"title":"Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, and Tram-Track Vessels − A Vicious Chain","authors":"Ali Syed, M Mupparapu","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43263280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_187_22
Sheetal Ghivari, Nagnath Meena, K. Bhat, D. Babji, V. Kumbar, Perama Rao
Introduction: Intracanal medicaments used during root canal treatment comes in direct contact with cells of pulp and periapical tissues. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxic effect of two novel herbal intracanal medicaments Ganoderma lucidum (GL), Psidium gujava (PG) on human periodontal fibroblasts (HPF) by evaluating cell viability using Methyl Thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT assay). Materials and methods: Temperature modulated in situ gel matrix of G. lucidum (GL, P. guajava L (PG) along with positive control calcium hydroxide (CH) and modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) was prepared by mixing carbapol and pluronic F-127. All four medicaments were serially tested at various concentrations from 400 to 12.5 µg/mL for six times on Human periodontal Fibroblasts (HPF) for their viability using MTT assay and evaluation of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) after 48 hours. Results: The novel thermo reversible gel matrix of GL has shown lowest cytotoxicity followed by PG, CH, and MTAP. The cytotoxicity was minimal at lower concentration (12.5 µg/mL) and at increased concentration cytotoxicity was higher (400 µg/mL). The IC50 concentration of GL was highest (1681 µg/mL) followed by PG (1555 µg/mL), CH (1295 µg/mL), and MTAP (665 µg/mL). Conclusion: Novel thermo reversible gel matrix of GL and PG were found to be less toxic than CH and MTAP and also they have shown higher cell viability.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Two Novel Herbal Intracanal Medicaments on Human Periodontal Fibroblasts—An In Vitro Study","authors":"Sheetal Ghivari, Nagnath Meena, K. Bhat, D. Babji, V. Kumbar, Perama Rao","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_187_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_187_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intracanal medicaments used during root canal treatment comes in direct contact with cells of pulp and periapical tissues. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxic effect of two novel herbal intracanal medicaments Ganoderma lucidum (GL), Psidium gujava (PG) on human periodontal fibroblasts (HPF) by evaluating cell viability using Methyl Thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT assay). Materials and methods: Temperature modulated in situ gel matrix of G. lucidum (GL, P. guajava L (PG) along with positive control calcium hydroxide (CH) and modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) was prepared by mixing carbapol and pluronic F-127. All four medicaments were serially tested at various concentrations from 400 to 12.5 µg/mL for six times on Human periodontal Fibroblasts (HPF) for their viability using MTT assay and evaluation of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) after 48 hours. Results: The novel thermo reversible gel matrix of GL has shown lowest cytotoxicity followed by PG, CH, and MTAP. The cytotoxicity was minimal at lower concentration (12.5 µg/mL) and at increased concentration cytotoxicity was higher (400 µg/mL). The IC50 concentration of GL was highest (1681 µg/mL) followed by PG (1555 µg/mL), CH (1295 µg/mL), and MTAP (665 µg/mL). Conclusion: Novel thermo reversible gel matrix of GL and PG were found to be less toxic than CH and MTAP and also they have shown higher cell viability.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41782120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Traditional risk factors causing oral and oropharyngeal cancers have been extensively studied in elderly populations. But recent evidences have shown it to be rising in young individuals with no known risk factors. Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is a proven etiologic factor for cervical cancer and has been suggested in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Hence the objective of the study was to evaluate the role of HPV as a risk factor in OSCC and OPSCC patients of less than 40 years of age without known risk factors. Material and Methods: Fifteen years of retrospective data were used for recording the age, gender, site, and various risk factors in patients ≤40 years of age diagnosed histopathologically with primary OSCC and OPSCC. Role of HPV in patients without any known risk factors were evaluated with p16 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Ninety eight patients aged ≤40 years of age were obtained with known and no known risk factors. Among the habitual risk factors, alcohol did not prove to be a significant factor. Female patients with mean age of 34 years were more prone, though they were not subjected to any of the known risk factors. Tongue and buccal mucosa were the most common sites affected. Role of HPV as a risk factor was found positive. All cases of PCR positive were IHC positive and IHC showed 100% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity. Conclusion: A strong correlation of HPV with OSCC and OPSCC in adults ≤40 years of age was established in the present study.
{"title":"Emerging Trend of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Less than 40 Years: A Molecular Analysis of Role of HPV in Cases with No Known Risk Factors","authors":"Priyanka Nair, U. Hegde, S. Sheshanna, S. Ravi","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traditional risk factors causing oral and oropharyngeal cancers have been extensively studied in elderly populations. But recent evidences have shown it to be rising in young individuals with no known risk factors. Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is a proven etiologic factor for cervical cancer and has been suggested in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Hence the objective of the study was to evaluate the role of HPV as a risk factor in OSCC and OPSCC patients of less than 40 years of age without known risk factors. Material and Methods: Fifteen years of retrospective data were used for recording the age, gender, site, and various risk factors in patients ≤40 years of age diagnosed histopathologically with primary OSCC and OPSCC. Role of HPV in patients without any known risk factors were evaluated with p16 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Ninety eight patients aged ≤40 years of age were obtained with known and no known risk factors. Among the habitual risk factors, alcohol did not prove to be a significant factor. Female patients with mean age of 34 years were more prone, though they were not subjected to any of the known risk factors. Tongue and buccal mucosa were the most common sites affected. Role of HPV as a risk factor was found positive. All cases of PCR positive were IHC positive and IHC showed 100% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity. Conclusion: A strong correlation of HPV with OSCC and OPSCC in adults ≤40 years of age was established in the present study.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The primal incidence of dental caries is from the childhood. To assess the levels of salivary MMP-9 in children with Early Childhood Caries following caries control. Materials and Methods: 45 children between the age group of 3-5 years were selected for the study and divided into three groups of 15 each. Group A was the control group. The salivary samples were collected before any treatments in ECC (Group B) and S-ECC (Group C), following which caries control measures were done. Following 2 weeks of post-treatment, the saliva samples were collected from experimental Groups and tested for salivary MMP-9, pH, and viscosity levels. Results: The mean value of the salivary MMP-9, pH, and viscosity levels estimated in the control group of children was 7.13 ng/ml (±0.809 mg/ml), 7.06 (±0.338), and 0.41 (±0.072) respectively. The pre-treatment salivary MMPs, pH, and viscosity levels estimated in Group B were 10.95 ng/ml (±1.469 ng/ml), 7.07 (±0.403), and 1.74 (±0.412) respectively, and in Group C these values were 18.55 ng/ml (±9.218ng/ml), 6.92 (±0.542) and 1.28 (±0.123) respectively. The post-treatment salivary MMP-9, pH and viscosity levels estimated in Group B were 7.34 ng/ml (±0.673 ng/ml), 7.24 (±0.394), and 0.42 (±0.208) respectively and in Group C these values were 7.84 ng/ml (±0.647 ng/ml), 7.14 (±0.377) and 0.49 (±0.338), respectively after 2 weeks. Conclusion: The salivary MMP-9 and viscosity levels in groups B and C decreased significantly 2 weeks following caries control. The Salivary MMP-9 level is a good diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for comparing the efficacy of various caries control treatment protocols. comparing the efficacy of various caries control treatment protocols.
{"title":"Estimation of Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries","authors":"Ngangbam Reenayai, Manju Nair","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The primal incidence of dental caries is from the childhood. To assess the levels of salivary MMP-9 in children with Early Childhood Caries following caries control. Materials and Methods: 45 children between the age group of 3-5 years were selected for the study and divided into three groups of 15 each. Group A was the control group. The salivary samples were collected before any treatments in ECC (Group B) and S-ECC (Group C), following which caries control measures were done. Following 2 weeks of post-treatment, the saliva samples were collected from experimental Groups and tested for salivary MMP-9, pH, and viscosity levels. Results: The mean value of the salivary MMP-9, pH, and viscosity levels estimated in the control group of children was 7.13 ng/ml (±0.809 mg/ml), 7.06 (±0.338), and 0.41 (±0.072) respectively. The pre-treatment salivary MMPs, pH, and viscosity levels estimated in Group B were 10.95 ng/ml (±1.469 ng/ml), 7.07 (±0.403), and 1.74 (±0.412) respectively, and in Group C these values were 18.55 ng/ml (±9.218ng/ml), 6.92 (±0.542) and 1.28 (±0.123) respectively. The post-treatment salivary MMP-9, pH and viscosity levels estimated in Group B were 7.34 ng/ml (±0.673 ng/ml), 7.24 (±0.394), and 0.42 (±0.208) respectively and in Group C these values were 7.84 ng/ml (±0.647 ng/ml), 7.14 (±0.377) and 0.49 (±0.338), respectively after 2 weeks. Conclusion: The salivary MMP-9 and viscosity levels in groups B and C decreased significantly 2 weeks following caries control. The Salivary MMP-9 level is a good diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for comparing the efficacy of various caries control treatment protocols. comparing the efficacy of various caries control treatment protocols.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_241_22
V. Sippy, C. Hegde
Introduction: The key to a successful prosthesis is the accurate transfer of the maxillo–mandibular relationship to an articulator.Evaluating and comparing the dimensional stability of Aluwax upon moist heat and dry heat treatment at different time intervals. In vitro study. Materials and methods: A total of 26 samples were included and were divided into two groups based on the heat treatment of Aluwax. Thirteen Aluwax bite wafers were manipulated using moist heat treatment and 13 with dry heat treatment. Dimensional changes were recorded using stereomicroscope at intervals of 0, 24, and 48 hours. The level of significance was fixed at 5%, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was employed to test the normality of data. Kruskal Wallis test, post hoc analysis, and independent sample t test were performed for the quantitative variables. Results: The dimensional changes upon moist heat treatment at 0, 24, and 48 hours were 0.043 ± 0.011, 0.036 ± 0.009, and 0.0320 ± 0.008, respectively and upon dry heat treatment were 0.027 ± 0.010, 0.023 ± 0.009, and 0.0165 ± 0.009, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, dry heat treatment of Aluwax showed less dimensional changes as compared to moist heat treatment. Maximum change was noted immediately following moist heat manipulation; storage up to 48 hours did not induce any further increase in distortion.
{"title":"A Study to Evaluate and Compare the Dimensional Stability of Aluwax upon Moist Heat and Dry Heat Treatment at Different Time Intervals","authors":"V. Sippy, C. Hegde","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_241_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_241_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The key to a successful prosthesis is the accurate transfer of the maxillo–mandibular relationship to an articulator.Evaluating and comparing the dimensional stability of Aluwax upon moist heat and dry heat treatment at different time intervals. In vitro study. Materials and methods: A total of 26 samples were included and were divided into two groups based on the heat treatment of Aluwax. Thirteen Aluwax bite wafers were manipulated using moist heat treatment and 13 with dry heat treatment. Dimensional changes were recorded using stereomicroscope at intervals of 0, 24, and 48 hours. The level of significance was fixed at 5%, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was employed to test the normality of data. Kruskal Wallis test, post hoc analysis, and independent sample t test were performed for the quantitative variables. Results: The dimensional changes upon moist heat treatment at 0, 24, and 48 hours were 0.043 ± 0.011, 0.036 ± 0.009, and 0.0320 ± 0.008, respectively and upon dry heat treatment were 0.027 ± 0.010, 0.023 ± 0.009, and 0.0165 ± 0.009, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, dry heat treatment of Aluwax showed less dimensional changes as compared to moist heat treatment. Maximum change was noted immediately following moist heat manipulation; storage up to 48 hours did not induce any further increase in distortion.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_253_22
G. Somashekar, U. Sudhakar, P. Prakash, S. Suresh, S. Srividya, Sumathi Rao
Introduction: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease with microbial etiology, is mediated by multiple inflammatory processes and oxidative stress is now well recognized as a part of periodontal pathogenesis. A balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is required to maintain periodontal health. Medicinal herbs with bioactive phytocompounds have rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. Ormocarpum cochinchinense is a medicinal herb with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytocompounds. The phytocompounds activities of the herb are not much explored. This study is focused on the In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of leaves of O. cochinchinense. To assess the In-vitro antioxidant and In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts of O. cochinchinense. Materials and Methods: The leaves of O. cochinchinense were collected, air dried in the shade, and then powdered in an electric blender. The preparation of ethanolic extract was carried out. In-vitro antioxidant studies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) assays along with anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation inhibition and membrane stabilization method were studied. Descriptive statistics were used for continuous variables and expressed in mean and standard deviation. One way ANOVA with post-hoc tukey test or Kruskal–Wallis test, Post-hoc Mann–Whitney U test was used according to the normal distribution of the sample. To compare the individual study group against their standard group, independent t test, and Mann–Whitney U test have been used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: O. cochinchinense had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependant activity in all analyses performed (P < 0.05). NO inhibition assay showed 95% of antioxidant activity and 80% of anti-inflammatory activity in the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) Membrane Stabilization assay. Conclusions: O. cochinchinense could be used as an adjuvant supplement to conventional therapy in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"In-vitro Antioxidant and In-vitro Anti-inflammatory activities of Ethanolic leaves extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense","authors":"G. Somashekar, U. Sudhakar, P. Prakash, S. Suresh, S. Srividya, Sumathi Rao","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_253_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_253_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease with microbial etiology, is mediated by multiple inflammatory processes and oxidative stress is now well recognized as a part of periodontal pathogenesis. A balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is required to maintain periodontal health. Medicinal herbs with bioactive phytocompounds have rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. Ormocarpum cochinchinense is a medicinal herb with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytocompounds. The phytocompounds activities of the herb are not much explored. This study is focused on the In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of leaves of O. cochinchinense. To assess the In-vitro antioxidant and In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts of O. cochinchinense. Materials and Methods: The leaves of O. cochinchinense were collected, air dried in the shade, and then powdered in an electric blender. The preparation of ethanolic extract was carried out. In-vitro antioxidant studies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) assays along with anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation inhibition and membrane stabilization method were studied. Descriptive statistics were used for continuous variables and expressed in mean and standard deviation. One way ANOVA with post-hoc tukey test or Kruskal–Wallis test, Post-hoc Mann–Whitney U test was used according to the normal distribution of the sample. To compare the individual study group against their standard group, independent t test, and Mann–Whitney U test have been used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: O. cochinchinense had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependant activity in all analyses performed (P < 0.05). NO inhibition assay showed 95% of antioxidant activity and 80% of anti-inflammatory activity in the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) Membrane Stabilization assay. Conclusions: O. cochinchinense could be used as an adjuvant supplement to conventional therapy in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are the public dental health concern, with variable prevalence reported worldwide. Although, TDI is not a disease rather, it is a result of various risk factors. This study was performed to assess the influence of anatomical risk factors such as accentuated overjet, overbite, molar relationship, and lip competency in determining the number of traumatized teeth per affected individual by using the advanced statistical method of multilayer perceptron (MLP) model of deep learning algorithm of artificial intelligence (AI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study consisted of 1000 school children (boys and girls) of index age groups between 12 and 15 years selected through multistage sampling technique. Orofacial anatomical risk factors associated with TDI were statistically analyzed by MLP model of deep learning algorithm of AI using IBM SPSS Modeler software (version 18, 2020). Results: MLP method revealed results in terms of normalized importance as overbite (100%) was the strongest risk factor for the occurrence of TDI in number of teeth of affected participants, followed by molar relationship (90.2%), overjet (87.7%), and the lip competency was found as the weakest risk factor. Conclusion: Using the MLP as statistical method, overbite was found as the strongest anatomical risk factor in determining the number of traumatized teeth per affected individual as compared to molar relationship, overjet, and lip competence.
{"title":"Multilayer Perceptron to Assess the Impact of Anatomical Risk Factors on Traumatic Dental Injuries: An Advanced Statistical Approach of Artificial Intelligence in Dental Traumatology","authors":"M. Khan, M. Jindal","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_42_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are the public dental health concern, with variable prevalence reported worldwide. Although, TDI is not a disease rather, it is a result of various risk factors. This study was performed to assess the influence of anatomical risk factors such as accentuated overjet, overbite, molar relationship, and lip competency in determining the number of traumatized teeth per affected individual by using the advanced statistical method of multilayer perceptron (MLP) model of deep learning algorithm of artificial intelligence (AI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study consisted of 1000 school children (boys and girls) of index age groups between 12 and 15 years selected through multistage sampling technique. Orofacial anatomical risk factors associated with TDI were statistically analyzed by MLP model of deep learning algorithm of AI using IBM SPSS Modeler software (version 18, 2020). Results: MLP method revealed results in terms of normalized importance as overbite (100%) was the strongest risk factor for the occurrence of TDI in number of teeth of affected participants, followed by molar relationship (90.2%), overjet (87.7%), and the lip competency was found as the weakest risk factor. Conclusion: Using the MLP as statistical method, overbite was found as the strongest anatomical risk factor in determining the number of traumatized teeth per affected individual as compared to molar relationship, overjet, and lip competence.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chidembaranathan, Deepa Balu, V. Gopal, Muthukumar Balasubramanium
Introduction The most common problems encountered by human beings are bloating and discomfort due to accumulation of gas in the stomach. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of simethicone sublingual drug on salivary amylase and flow rate before and after ingestion. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years of age with frequent bloating problems and discomfort in the stomach for more than a year were recruited and the subjects with xerostomia, hormonal imbalance, pediatric patients, psychological disturbances, and taking medicines for any other systemic illness like diabetes, blood pressure, spinal cord injury, and autoimmune disorders were excluded from this study. The subjects were ingested one after the breakfast. The salivary samples were collected before the drug was administered and after 1 and 2 hours of postingestion. The salivary amylase level was calculated using biochemical test kit and the salivary flow rate was calculated by physiologic drooling method. Comparison of salivary amylase was done using repeated chi-square test. Results: The cross tabulation showed statistically significant change in salivary amylase level and salivary flow rate before and after ingestion of simethicone after ingestion. Conclusion: There is a significant increase in level of salivary amylase and salivary flow rate after ingestion of simethicone, hence it can be used in completely edentulous xerostomia patients to control bloating and stomach discomfort.
{"title":"Evaluation of Effect of Simethicone Oral Disintegrating Drug on Salivary Constituent Transformation: A Clinical Prospective Study","authors":"A. Chidembaranathan, Deepa Balu, V. Gopal, Muthukumar Balasubramanium","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_93_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_93_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The most common problems encountered by human beings are bloating and discomfort due to accumulation of gas in the stomach. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of simethicone sublingual drug on salivary amylase and flow rate before and after ingestion. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years of age with frequent bloating problems and discomfort in the stomach for more than a year were recruited and the subjects with xerostomia, hormonal imbalance, pediatric patients, psychological disturbances, and taking medicines for any other systemic illness like diabetes, blood pressure, spinal cord injury, and autoimmune disorders were excluded from this study. The subjects were ingested one after the breakfast. The salivary samples were collected before the drug was administered and after 1 and 2 hours of postingestion. The salivary amylase level was calculated using biochemical test kit and the salivary flow rate was calculated by physiologic drooling method. Comparison of salivary amylase was done using repeated chi-square test. Results: The cross tabulation showed statistically significant change in salivary amylase level and salivary flow rate before and after ingestion of simethicone after ingestion. Conclusion: There is a significant increase in level of salivary amylase and salivary flow rate after ingestion of simethicone, hence it can be used in completely edentulous xerostomia patients to control bloating and stomach discomfort.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_21
Bonnis Benny, V. Pillai, A. Joseph, J. Pazhani, V. Mony
Intoduction: Endodontic treatment procedures are designed to eradicate infection and prevent germs from infecting or reinfecting the root and/or periapical tissues. As a result, a thorough understanding of the endodontic microbiome is critical to the efficacy of endodontic treatment in diverse types of illness. We conducted a thorough and critical assessment of original research articles that looked into the microbiota of pulp and periapical infections for this study. Primary apical periodontitis, secondary apical periodontitis, and apical abscess are the endodontic diseases included in this study. Materials and Methods: The PRISMA statement and Cochrane criteria for systematic reviews were followed in the preparation of this systematic review’s methodology. For works published between 2000 and 2020, a thorough literature search was undertaken independently by two researchers in the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. We found all of the papers that contained original data on oral microorganisms in pulp and periapical diseases. Anecdotal evidence, case reports, and reviews were excluded from the study. The complete text of 36 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed for sample methodology, sequencing strategy, and microbiome makeup. All 36 publications were critically examined independently by three authors, following the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual of 2017. Results: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the most common phyla represented. Conclusion: All infection types are associated with an exceedingly diverse microbiome. These studies together map out an exhaustive chart of the taxa inherent in endodontic infections.
{"title":"Oral Microbes Associated with Pulp and Periapical Infections","authors":"Bonnis Benny, V. Pillai, A. Joseph, J. Pazhani, V. Mony","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_21","url":null,"abstract":"Intoduction: Endodontic treatment procedures are designed to eradicate infection and prevent germs from infecting or reinfecting the root and/or periapical tissues. As a result, a thorough understanding of the endodontic microbiome is critical to the efficacy of endodontic treatment in diverse types of illness. We conducted a thorough and critical assessment of original research articles that looked into the microbiota of pulp and periapical infections for this study. Primary apical periodontitis, secondary apical periodontitis, and apical abscess are the endodontic diseases included in this study. Materials and Methods: The PRISMA statement and Cochrane criteria for systematic reviews were followed in the preparation of this systematic review’s methodology. For works published between 2000 and 2020, a thorough literature search was undertaken independently by two researchers in the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. We found all of the papers that contained original data on oral microorganisms in pulp and periapical diseases. Anecdotal evidence, case reports, and reviews were excluded from the study. The complete text of 36 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed for sample methodology, sequencing strategy, and microbiome makeup. All 36 publications were critically examined independently by three authors, following the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual of 2017. Results: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the most common phyla represented. Conclusion: All infection types are associated with an exceedingly diverse microbiome. These studies together map out an exhaustive chart of the taxa inherent in endodontic infections.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_260_21
K. Reddy, Dungavath Nareshnaik, Veera Sunil, M. Ali, G. Kumari, Jemina Chatta
Introduction: Glass ionomer cements find extensive use as dental restoratives for their biocompatibility, favorable mechanical properties, and sustained fluoride ion release. The measurement of the dielectric constant and resistivity of these materials has been used to monitor their setting characteristics. The aims was to study the conductivity and dielectric constant of the dental glass ionomer cement. Materials and Methods: Commercially available GIC cement was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The resistivity of the samples was measured using an Inductance(L), Capacitance(C), Resistance(R) meter. The measurements were made both in the initially set samples and after the samples were set for 24 hours. The conductivity and dielectric constant of the samples were calculated. Results: There was an increase in the resistivity of the samples and hence a decrease in the conductivity and decrease in the dielectric constant of the samples with an increase in setting time. Conclusion: With the progression of the setting reaction, the Glass ionomer cement changes from ionic to nonionic state, hence causing an increase in the resistivity and decrease in the conductivity and dielectric constant, which suggests that GIC acts as an insulator to thermal and galvanic currents.
{"title":"The Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Dental Glass Ionomer Cements: In Vitro Study","authors":"K. Reddy, Dungavath Nareshnaik, Veera Sunil, M. Ali, G. Kumari, Jemina Chatta","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_260_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_260_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Glass ionomer cements find extensive use as dental restoratives for their biocompatibility, favorable mechanical properties, and sustained fluoride ion release. The measurement of the dielectric constant and resistivity of these materials has been used to monitor their setting characteristics. The aims was to study the conductivity and dielectric constant of the dental glass ionomer cement. Materials and Methods: Commercially available GIC cement was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The resistivity of the samples was measured using an Inductance(L), Capacitance(C), Resistance(R) meter. The measurements were made both in the initially set samples and after the samples were set for 24 hours. The conductivity and dielectric constant of the samples were calculated. Results: There was an increase in the resistivity of the samples and hence a decrease in the conductivity and decrease in the dielectric constant of the samples with an increase in setting time. Conclusion: With the progression of the setting reaction, the Glass ionomer cement changes from ionic to nonionic state, hence causing an increase in the resistivity and decrease in the conductivity and dielectric constant, which suggests that GIC acts as an insulator to thermal and galvanic currents.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46312736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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