Introduction: Children with special health care exhibit behavioral and physical conditions that predispose them to oxidative stress and this plays a vital role in etiopathogenesis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), which promotes neuronal damage in genetically predisposed individuals. Any inflammatory process initiates lipid peroxidation reaction that leads to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), which in turn alters the immunological mediators such as salivary peroxidase system. Thus, leading to initiation and progression of bacterial infections such as dental caries. Materials and Methods: Fifteen children with ASD between the age groups of 6 and 14 years, who reported to the Nitte Special Child Care Centre (N-SPECC), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, were selected for the study. Baseline salivary samples were collected to evaluate the salivary MDA, pH, viscosity, and buffering capacity. The patients were recalled after a period of 2 months where oral health education and saliva samples were collected and evaluated for the above parameters post-treatment and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference seen for the values between the time intervals (2 months) (P < 0.01) for salivary MDA, pH, viscosity, and buffering capacity levels in children with ASD with dental caries post-treatment. Conclusion: The levels of salivary MDA, pH, and viscosity decreased significantly and furthermore, the levels of buffering capacity increased significantly post-treatment in children with ASD. Evaluation of these biomarkers can be good adjuncts in caries risk assessment in children with ASD.
{"title":"Evaluation of Salivary Biomarker Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Having Dental Caries","authors":"Disha Sharma, S. Bhandary, V. Prabhu","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_96_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_96_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with special health care exhibit behavioral and physical conditions that predispose them to oxidative stress and this plays a vital role in etiopathogenesis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), which promotes neuronal damage in genetically predisposed individuals. Any inflammatory process initiates lipid peroxidation reaction that leads to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), which in turn alters the immunological mediators such as salivary peroxidase system. Thus, leading to initiation and progression of bacterial infections such as dental caries. Materials and Methods: Fifteen children with ASD between the age groups of 6 and 14 years, who reported to the Nitte Special Child Care Centre (N-SPECC), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, were selected for the study. Baseline salivary samples were collected to evaluate the salivary MDA, pH, viscosity, and buffering capacity. The patients were recalled after a period of 2 months where oral health education and saliva samples were collected and evaluated for the above parameters post-treatment and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference seen for the values between the time intervals (2 months) (P < 0.01) for salivary MDA, pH, viscosity, and buffering capacity levels in children with ASD with dental caries post-treatment. Conclusion: The levels of salivary MDA, pH, and viscosity decreased significantly and furthermore, the levels of buffering capacity increased significantly post-treatment in children with ASD. Evaluation of these biomarkers can be good adjuncts in caries risk assessment in children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_242_22
Haradwala Zaineb, J. Winnier, Soni Arwa
Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used as a caries arresting agent. The application protocol of SDF is unclear. Some clinicians prefer to light cure SDF to accelerate the hardening of SDF; however, the effect of the same on bond strength of the restoration is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of light-curing SDF on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of primary teeth restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: Seventeen carious primary molars were sectioned through the middle of the carious lesion and allocated randomly to three groups. Group 1—SDF application followed by GIC restoration, group 2—SDF application followed by light cure of SDF and restored with GIC, group 3—control: GIC restoration without SDF application (n = 11). The samples were stored in artificial saliva; evaluated for µTBS under universal testing machine until failure. The failure mode was evaluated using stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Results: µTBS of the groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test, which showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Dunn’s post hoc test revealed a significantly higher bond strength with group 2 (4.15 ± 2.51) compared to group 1 (1.40 ± 0.49) (P value 0.022). The failure modes for each group were carried out with chi-square test which revealed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Light-curing SDF prior to application of GIC resulted in significantly greater bond strength when compared to non–light-cured SDF.
{"title":"Effect of light-curing silver diamine fluoride on microtensile bond strength of primary carious dentin restored with glass ionomer cement: In vitro study","authors":"Haradwala Zaineb, J. Winnier, Soni Arwa","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_242_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_242_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used as a caries arresting agent. The application protocol of SDF is unclear. Some clinicians prefer to light cure SDF to accelerate the hardening of SDF; however, the effect of the same on bond strength of the restoration is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of light-curing SDF on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of primary teeth restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: Seventeen carious primary molars were sectioned through the middle of the carious lesion and allocated randomly to three groups. Group 1—SDF application followed by GIC restoration, group 2—SDF application followed by light cure of SDF and restored with GIC, group 3—control: GIC restoration without SDF application (n = 11). The samples were stored in artificial saliva; evaluated for µTBS under universal testing machine until failure. The failure mode was evaluated using stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Results: µTBS of the groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test, which showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Dunn’s post hoc test revealed a significantly higher bond strength with group 2 (4.15 ± 2.51) compared to group 1 (1.40 ± 0.49) (P value 0.022). The failure modes for each group were carried out with chi-square test which revealed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Light-curing SDF prior to application of GIC resulted in significantly greater bond strength when compared to non–light-cured SDF.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_134_23
Vinoo Ramachandran, Mensudar Rathakrishnan, V. Mudimbaimannar, M. Ravindrran, Alargarsamy Venkatesh, Jayakumar Dinakar
Introduction: Identification of causative microorganisms in the infected root canal can help in successful treatment. Microorganisms produce a mixture of organic volatile compounds, and determining these volatile organic compound metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can help in pathogen identification in significant time by detecting the signature compounds of that particular organism. Commonly used root canal medicaments can cause a cytotoxic effect on tissue. Herbal medicaments with antimicrobial properties and less toxicity can be used as alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the metabolomes of Candida albicans and also assess the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal medicines (mangosteen, turmeric, and babul extracts) and chlorhexidine against C. albicans biofilm. Materials and methods: To examine the volatile organic compounds of C. albicans, the GC/MS method was employed. The phytochemical constituents of natural medicament extracts were identified using GC–MS analysis. Ethanol extracts of medicaments (50 mg/mL) were prepared and agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicaments. Group 1: mangosteen extract, Group 2: babul extract, Group 3: turmeric extract, Group 4: chlorhexidine, Group 5: saline with chlorhexidine as a positive control. Results: Volatile organic compound metabolites determined by GC/MS revealed the signature volatile compounds of C. albicans. Antimicrobial evaluation by agar-well diffusion assay showed that babul exhibited the lowest zone of inhibition, whereas 2% chlorhexidine showed the highest zone of inhibition, followed by mangosteen extract. Conclusion: Due to their relative biosafety, natural plant-derived root canal medicaments can be considered as alternative options compared to synthetic medicaments.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Herbal Medicaments - Mangosteen, Turmeric, Babul Extracts, and Chlorhexidine against Candida albicans Biofilm in Endodontics: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Vinoo Ramachandran, Mensudar Rathakrishnan, V. Mudimbaimannar, M. Ravindrran, Alargarsamy Venkatesh, Jayakumar Dinakar","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_134_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_134_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Identification of causative microorganisms in the infected root canal can help in successful treatment. Microorganisms produce a mixture of organic volatile compounds, and determining these volatile organic compound metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can help in pathogen identification in significant time by detecting the signature compounds of that particular organism. Commonly used root canal medicaments can cause a cytotoxic effect on tissue. Herbal medicaments with antimicrobial properties and less toxicity can be used as alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the metabolomes of Candida albicans and also assess the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal medicines (mangosteen, turmeric, and babul extracts) and chlorhexidine against C. albicans biofilm. Materials and methods: To examine the volatile organic compounds of C. albicans, the GC/MS method was employed. The phytochemical constituents of natural medicament extracts were identified using GC–MS analysis. Ethanol extracts of medicaments (50 mg/mL) were prepared and agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicaments. Group 1: mangosteen extract, Group 2: babul extract, Group 3: turmeric extract, Group 4: chlorhexidine, Group 5: saline with chlorhexidine as a positive control. Results: Volatile organic compound metabolites determined by GC/MS revealed the signature volatile compounds of C. albicans. Antimicrobial evaluation by agar-well diffusion assay showed that babul exhibited the lowest zone of inhibition, whereas 2% chlorhexidine showed the highest zone of inhibition, followed by mangosteen extract. Conclusion: Due to their relative biosafety, natural plant-derived root canal medicaments can be considered as alternative options compared to synthetic medicaments.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49093304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_262_22
Inka Saraswati, Cindy Lorenza, B. Kiswanjaya, S. Syahraini
Introduction: Postmenopausal women are more at risk of osteoporosis than men of the same age. Osteoporosis is often undetected due to lack of symptoms. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of gray value (GV) in clinical panoramic radiographs as a screening method for osteoporosis. Cross-sectional comparative study using secondary data. GV of mandible in panoramic radiographs between male and female of several age groups were compared. X-ray parameters were considered. Materials and Methods: A total of 294 panoramic radiographs were obtained from regular clinical activity regardless of mA (3.3–8 mA), and divided into sexes and ages 31 to 45, 46 to 60, and 61 to 75 years old. A subset of 60 panoramic radiographs obtained by a narrow range of mA (5.7–6.4 mA) were randomly selected and then divided into sexes and ages 32 to 53 and 54 to 75 years old. Average GV was recorded. Average GV between age groups (divided by sexes) was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for groups with unrestricted mA, and unpaired t-test for restricted mA. Results: Average GV without mA restriction were not significantly different between age groups in men (P = 0.883) and women (P = 0.617). If mA is restricted, average GV was significantly different between age groups in women (P = 0.007) but were not significantly different between age groups in men (P = 0.386). Conclusion: GV obtained from panoramic radiographs may have potential in detecting osteoporosis if x-ray parameters are kept in narrow range. It would not have the same screening potential if the range of x-ray parameters are too wide.
{"title":"Gray Value Evaluation of Mandibular Bone in the Adult and Elderly: Pilot Study for Osteoporosis Screening","authors":"Inka Saraswati, Cindy Lorenza, B. Kiswanjaya, S. Syahraini","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_262_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_262_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Postmenopausal women are more at risk of osteoporosis than men of the same age. Osteoporosis is often undetected due to lack of symptoms. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of gray value (GV) in clinical panoramic radiographs as a screening method for osteoporosis. Cross-sectional comparative study using secondary data. GV of mandible in panoramic radiographs between male and female of several age groups were compared. X-ray parameters were considered. Materials and Methods: A total of 294 panoramic radiographs were obtained from regular clinical activity regardless of mA (3.3–8 mA), and divided into sexes and ages 31 to 45, 46 to 60, and 61 to 75 years old. A subset of 60 panoramic radiographs obtained by a narrow range of mA (5.7–6.4 mA) were randomly selected and then divided into sexes and ages 32 to 53 and 54 to 75 years old. Average GV was recorded. Average GV between age groups (divided by sexes) was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for groups with unrestricted mA, and unpaired t-test for restricted mA. Results: Average GV without mA restriction were not significantly different between age groups in men (P = 0.883) and women (P = 0.617). If mA is restricted, average GV was significantly different between age groups in women (P = 0.007) but were not significantly different between age groups in men (P = 0.386). Conclusion: GV obtained from panoramic radiographs may have potential in detecting osteoporosis if x-ray parameters are kept in narrow range. It would not have the same screening potential if the range of x-ray parameters are too wide.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_131_22
M. Sh, Sameen Rahgozar, G. Tajmiri, J. Alizargar, S. Mirsatari
Introduction: Suture materials selection and application have gained more importance, especially with the increasing number of patients seeking oral surgeries. Since lying in a bacterial-filled environment, sutures make the tissue prone to infection. Suture material plays an essential role in reducing the risk of infection. This study aimed to assess the success rate of an antibacterial suture, Vicryl Plus (Ethicon Inc, Johnson and Johnson Company, Somerville, NJ), in preventing bacterial growth in the surgical site of the mandibular third molar. Materials and Methods: About 27 patients were included in this double-blinded randomized clinical trial study. Surgical extraction of the mandibular wisdom tooth was done, and the incision was managed by randomly using Vicryl Plus and Vicryl (Ethicon Inc) sutures. After 7 days, sutures were removed and assessed microbiologically. Indicator species of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were assessed, and the total number of colonies on each suture was counted. Results: There was a significant difference between the two suture materials in the colony number-length ratio of Lactobacillus (P = 0.031) and total bacterial colonies (P = 0.016), but not for S. mutans species (P = 0.201). Conclusion: Antibacterial Vicryl suture can be a useful tool to reduce bacterial accumulation on the suture material in third molar extraction surgery.
导读:随着口腔手术患者的增多，缝合线材料的选择和应用变得越来越重要。由于处于充满细菌的环境中，缝合线使组织容易受到感染。缝合材料在降低感染风险方面起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在评估抗菌缝线Vicryl Plus (Ethicon Inc .， Johnson and Johnson Company, Somerville, NJ)在防止下颌第三磨牙手术部位细菌生长方面的成功率。材料与方法:本研究纳入27例患者，采用双盲随机临床试验。手术拔除下颌智齿，随机使用Vicryl Plus和Vicryl (Ethicon Inc)缝线进行切口管理。7天后，拆除缝合线并进行微生物学评估。评估变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌的指示种，计数每条缝线上的菌落总数。结果:两种缝线材料在乳酸菌菌落数长度比(P = 0.031)和总菌落比(P = 0.016)上差异有统计学意义，但在变形链球菌菌落数长度比上差异无统计学意义(P = 0.201)。结论:在第三磨牙拔牙术中，抗菌维纶缝线可有效减少缝线材料上的细菌积聚。
{"title":"Microbiological Evaluation of the Antibacterial Vicryl Suture in the Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Surgery","authors":"M. Sh, Sameen Rahgozar, G. Tajmiri, J. Alizargar, S. Mirsatari","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Suture materials selection and application have gained more importance, especially with the increasing number of patients seeking oral surgeries. Since lying in a bacterial-filled environment, sutures make the tissue prone to infection. Suture material plays an essential role in reducing the risk of infection. This study aimed to assess the success rate of an antibacterial suture, Vicryl Plus (Ethicon Inc, Johnson and Johnson Company, Somerville, NJ), in preventing bacterial growth in the surgical site of the mandibular third molar. Materials and Methods: About 27 patients were included in this double-blinded randomized clinical trial study. Surgical extraction of the mandibular wisdom tooth was done, and the incision was managed by randomly using Vicryl Plus and Vicryl (Ethicon Inc) sutures. After 7 days, sutures were removed and assessed microbiologically. Indicator species of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were assessed, and the total number of colonies on each suture was counted. Results: There was a significant difference between the two suture materials in the colony number-length ratio of Lactobacillus (P = 0.031) and total bacterial colonies (P = 0.016), but not for S. mutans species (P = 0.201). Conclusion: Antibacterial Vicryl suture can be a useful tool to reduce bacterial accumulation on the suture material in third molar extraction surgery.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_208_21
Maha A. Habeeb
Introduction: Chemomechanical preparation of root aims to eliminate the inflamed and necrotic tissue with infected dentine. This process may produce some debris extruded apically. The aim of our study was to compare and to assess the amount debris extruded apically by using four different single files systems. Materials and methods: Forty mandibular premolars which were cut to the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disk to similar lengths. Glass vials were pre-weighed and used to collect debris. The samples were divided into four groups: Group A (HyFlex EDM), Group B (AF Blue S-One), Group C (WaveOne Gold) and Group D (XPS). We used distilled water for irrigation. All canals were prepared to the size #25, then the vials were placed in hot air oven at 180°C for 5 h for evaporation of debris. Then vials containing dry debris were weighed again. The final mass of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of initial empty vial from vial containing dry debris. ANOVA and LSD tests were applied to analyse data. Results: According to the results obtained in this study, all the tested files caused extrusion of debris apically. A highly significant difference was observed between all groups (P < 0.01). The highest value for debris extrusion was observed in rotary HyFlex EDM (0.03693 gm), whereas reciprocating C group (WaveOne Gold) showed the lowest value (0.01938 gm). Conclusion: The continuous rotary files caused less debris when compared with reciprocating one. Also all systems caused some degree of apical extrusion.
{"title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris using Three Rotary and One Reciprocating Instrumentation Ni‑Ti Systems: An in Vitro Study","authors":"Maha A. Habeeb","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_208_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_208_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chemomechanical preparation of root aims to eliminate the inflamed and necrotic tissue with infected dentine. This process may produce some debris extruded apically. The aim of our study was to compare and to assess the amount debris extruded apically by using four different single files systems. Materials and methods: Forty mandibular premolars which were cut to the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disk to similar lengths. Glass vials were pre-weighed and used to collect debris. The samples were divided into four groups: Group A (HyFlex EDM), Group B (AF Blue S-One), Group C (WaveOne Gold) and Group D (XPS). We used distilled water for irrigation. All canals were prepared to the size #25, then the vials were placed in hot air oven at 180°C for 5 h for evaporation of debris. Then vials containing dry debris were weighed again. The final mass of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of initial empty vial from vial containing dry debris. ANOVA and LSD tests were applied to analyse data. Results: According to the results obtained in this study, all the tested files caused extrusion of debris apically. A highly significant difference was observed between all groups (P < 0.01). The highest value for debris extrusion was observed in rotary HyFlex EDM (0.03693 gm), whereas reciprocating C group (WaveOne Gold) showed the lowest value (0.01938 gm). Conclusion: The continuous rotary files caused less debris when compared with reciprocating one. Also all systems caused some degree of apical extrusion.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neelima Dasarathi, K. Kattappagari, V. Ponnuru, Ravi Suryaprakash, Arvind Santhosh, Baddam Venkat Reddy
Introduction: Dental age estimation has always been a very important and very susceptible subject in forensic science, as it is an essential requirement in living, dead human individual’s remains. Aspartic acid racemization is considered to be one of the advanced, reliable, accurate, and complex biochemical methods. There will be an amendment of Levo aspartic acid to dexto aspartic acid when the age advances. To estimate the dental age of single-rooted teeth using aspartic acid racemization. Material and Methods: Thirty anterior teeth were collected from maxillary and mandibular arches distributed into four groups. All teeth were analyzed for Levo (l) and Dextro (d) form of aspartic acid using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique and the ratio of amino acid racemization for each sample was determined. The obtained data were subjected to step-wise linear regression analysis for the ratio of d and l aspartic acid against actual age with estimated age. Results: Distribution of teeth about age maximum samples was collected at 51 to 60 years. l-aspartic acid ratio was more in the younger age group but when the age increases d-aspartic acid ratio was increased. Linear regression analysis showed maximum samples showed very close to the actual age (30%). Conclusion: By analyzing the levels of aspartic acid using amino acid racemization, we can estimate an individual with maximum accuracy. Accretion of d-aspartic acid in dentin is synchronous with the aging of an individual and this method can be used as one of the precise methods for dental age estimation.
{"title":"Assessment of Dental Age Estimation Using Aspartic Acid Racemization in Human Dentin in Single-Rooted Teeth","authors":"Neelima Dasarathi, K. Kattappagari, V. Ponnuru, Ravi Suryaprakash, Arvind Santhosh, Baddam Venkat Reddy","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_90_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_90_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental age estimation has always been a very important and very susceptible subject in forensic science, as it is an essential requirement in living, dead human individual’s remains. Aspartic acid racemization is considered to be one of the advanced, reliable, accurate, and complex biochemical methods. There will be an amendment of Levo aspartic acid to dexto aspartic acid when the age advances. To estimate the dental age of single-rooted teeth using aspartic acid racemization. Material and Methods: Thirty anterior teeth were collected from maxillary and mandibular arches distributed into four groups. All teeth were analyzed for Levo (l) and Dextro (d) form of aspartic acid using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique and the ratio of amino acid racemization for each sample was determined. The obtained data were subjected to step-wise linear regression analysis for the ratio of d and l aspartic acid against actual age with estimated age. Results: Distribution of teeth about age maximum samples was collected at 51 to 60 years. l-aspartic acid ratio was more in the younger age group but when the age increases d-aspartic acid ratio was increased. Linear regression analysis showed maximum samples showed very close to the actual age (30%). Conclusion: By analyzing the levels of aspartic acid using amino acid racemization, we can estimate an individual with maximum accuracy. Accretion of d-aspartic acid in dentin is synchronous with the aging of an individual and this method can be used as one of the precise methods for dental age estimation.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_259_22
Sowmithra Devi, R. Jain
Introduction: Retention is an important stage of orthodontic treatment which involves maintaining the teeth in the corrected position. The aim of this trial was to compare the retentive capacity of Clear bow Hawley (CBR) and Vacuum formed retainer (VFR) 1 year after completion of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 46 subjects who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and were advised to use removable orthodontic retainers. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups, group 1–23 subjects who received CBRs and group 2–23 subjects who received VFRs. Retainers were advised immediately after debonding and patients were recalled after 1 year. Lateral cephalograms and intraoral scans were taken and certain parameters (inter canine, intermolar width, little’s irregularity index, arch length) were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were done to determine and compare the retentive capacity of the retainers. Results: No statistically significant relapse was noted and no differences between retainers for inter canine, intermolar width, arch length, little’s irregularity index, and cephalometric changes were noted (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both the CBRs and VFRs are equally effective in retaining the corrected malocclusion, CBRs can be considered as a very good alternative to VFRs.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_157_22
Arlin Kusumawardani, Andi Machbub, RendraKurniawan Prasetya, Nadie Fatimatuzzahro, T. Ermawati
Introduction: Caries is a tooth and oral illness caused by Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. The growth of caries-causing bacteria can be controlled by using 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash to control plaque, however long-term usage of 0.2% chlorhexidine causes negative effects. Natural components such as robusta coffee (Coffea robusta) husk, which possesses active compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins as alternative antibacterials, can be used to reduce adverse effects. The aim of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity of robusta coffee husk extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The robusta coffee husk was extracted using the maceration process with 96% ethanol as the solvent. Antibacterial test is conducted against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Baurer) with six treatment groups of extract concentration 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/mL, positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), and negative control (aquades steril). The zone of inhibition was measured in millimetres using a digital calliper (mm). The SPSS application was used to examine the calculation findings, which included the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, One Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: Robusta coffee husk extract at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL doses shown bactericidal activity in S. mutans (radical zone) and bacteriostatic activity in L. acidophilus (irradical zone). Conclusion: Robusta coffee husk extract has an antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by the 1000 mg/mL concentration of extract.
简介：龋齿是由变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌引起的牙齿和口腔疾病。使用0.2%氯己定漱口水可以控制龋齿细菌的生长，但长期使用0.2%氯已定会产生负面影响。罗布斯塔咖啡（Coffea robusta）外壳等天然成分可用于减少不良反应，其中含有多酚、类黄酮、生物碱、单宁和皂苷等活性化合物作为替代抗菌药物。本研究的目的是评估罗布斯塔咖啡皮提取物对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的抗菌活性。材料与方法：以96%乙醇为溶剂，采用浸渍法提取罗布斯塔咖啡皮。采用圆盘扩散法（Kirby-Baurer）对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌进行了抗菌试验，六个处理组的提取物浓度分别为250、500、750、1000 mg/mL，阳性对照（0.2%氯己定）和阴性对照（aquades steril）。使用数字卡尺以毫米为单位测量抑制区（mm）。SPSS应用程序用于检验计算结果，包括Shapiro-Wilk、Levene、单向方差分析和Post Hoc LSD检验。结果：罗布斯塔咖啡壳提取物在250、500、750和1000 mg/mL剂量在变形链球菌（自由基区）中显示出杀菌活性，在嗜酸乳杆菌（非自由区）中表现出抑菌活性。结论：罗布斯塔咖啡皮提取物对变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌具有抗菌活性。1000 mg/mL提取物浓度。
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Robusta Coffee (Coffea robusta) Husk Extract Against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: In Vitro Study","authors":"Arlin Kusumawardani, Andi Machbub, RendraKurniawan Prasetya, Nadie Fatimatuzzahro, T. Ermawati","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_157_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_157_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Caries is a tooth and oral illness caused by Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. The growth of caries-causing bacteria can be controlled by using 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash to control plaque, however long-term usage of 0.2% chlorhexidine causes negative effects. Natural components such as robusta coffee (Coffea robusta) husk, which possesses active compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins as alternative antibacterials, can be used to reduce adverse effects. The aim of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity of robusta coffee husk extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The robusta coffee husk was extracted using the maceration process with 96% ethanol as the solvent. Antibacterial test is conducted against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Baurer) with six treatment groups of extract concentration 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/mL, positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), and negative control (aquades steril). The zone of inhibition was measured in millimetres using a digital calliper (mm). The SPSS application was used to examine the calculation findings, which included the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, One Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: Robusta coffee husk extract at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL doses shown bactericidal activity in S. mutans (radical zone) and bacteriostatic activity in L. acidophilus (irradical zone). Conclusion: Robusta coffee husk extract has an antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by the 1000 mg/mL concentration of extract.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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