Introduction: Early detection of oral malignant and potentially malignant disorders is very important in reducing morbidity and mortality. Truck drivers are transport workers who transport goods over long distances in trucks are at a very “high risk” due to various factors. The aim of this study was to detect potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions using the oral rub and rinse technique among truck drivers in Dakshina Kannada. Materials and Methods: An oral cancer screening program among truck drivers was conducted in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. Data regarding socio-demographic details, history of tobacco use were collected. Oral cancer screening was carried out. Exfoliative cytology was done using the oral rub and rinse technique if red/white lesions were present and biopsies were taken in case of ulcerated lesions. Descriptive statistics was used in this study in the form of number and percentage. Results: A total of 964 subjects were screened for potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. Most of the patients (83%) were current tobacco users. Of the 964 subjects, 148 had red/white lesions. Results of exfoliative cytology showed that 23% smears were Class I, 24% were Class II, 31% were Class III, and 16% were Class IV smears; 6% smears were unsatisfactory. Tissue biopsy was taken for 23 patients with ulcerated lesions − 2 were confirmed for oral squamous cell carcinoma and 21 had dysplasia. Conclusion: High-risk targeted screening for oral cancer can help identify oral precancerous lesions at an early stage.
{"title":"Targeted Screening Programme For Early Detection Of Oral Malignant And Potentially Malignant Lesions Using The Oral Rub And Rinse Technique Among Truck Drivers in Dakshina Kannada District − A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. D’Cruz, P. Shetty, U. Shetty","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_84_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_84_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Early detection of oral malignant and potentially malignant disorders is very important in reducing morbidity and mortality. Truck drivers are transport workers who transport goods over long distances in trucks are at a very “high risk” due to various factors. The aim of this study was to detect potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions using the oral rub and rinse technique among truck drivers in Dakshina Kannada. Materials and Methods: An oral cancer screening program among truck drivers was conducted in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. Data regarding socio-demographic details, history of tobacco use were collected. Oral cancer screening was carried out. Exfoliative cytology was done using the oral rub and rinse technique if red/white lesions were present and biopsies were taken in case of ulcerated lesions. Descriptive statistics was used in this study in the form of number and percentage. Results: A total of 964 subjects were screened for potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. Most of the patients (83%) were current tobacco users. Of the 964 subjects, 148 had red/white lesions. Results of exfoliative cytology showed that 23% smears were Class I, 24% were Class II, 31% were Class III, and 16% were Class IV smears; 6% smears were unsatisfactory. Tissue biopsy was taken for 23 patients with ulcerated lesions − 2 were confirmed for oral squamous cell carcinoma and 21 had dysplasia. Conclusion: High-risk targeted screening for oral cancer can help identify oral precancerous lesions at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_140_19
B. Sekar, R. Saranyan, R. Nirmal, Indrapriyadharshini Kumaresan, A. Murugesan, L. Kamaraj
Introduction: For the past decades long-term survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients remain unchanged which provides a wide platform for research. Caldesmon (CaD), an actin-myosin binding protein, has a contributing role in cytoskeleton modulation and cell motility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of CaD in metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC and to discuss the possible role of CaD in epithelial mesenchymal transition. Materials and Methods: Archival blocks of 25 metastatic and 25 non-metastatic OSCC patients are included where CaD expression is evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: Overall expression and staining intensity of CaD were statistically significant in different grades of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC. In summary, high expression of CaD is observed in increasing grades of OSCC but the metastatic potential of the tumour doesn’t seem to have any relation with CaD.
{"title":"Caldesmon Expression in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Mediator of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition","authors":"B. Sekar, R. Saranyan, R. Nirmal, Indrapriyadharshini Kumaresan, A. Murugesan, L. Kamaraj","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_140_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_140_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For the past decades long-term survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients remain unchanged which provides a wide platform for research. Caldesmon (CaD), an actin-myosin binding protein, has a contributing role in cytoskeleton modulation and cell motility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of CaD in metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC and to discuss the possible role of CaD in epithelial mesenchymal transition. Materials and Methods: Archival blocks of 25 metastatic and 25 non-metastatic OSCC patients are included where CaD expression is evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: Overall expression and staining intensity of CaD were statistically significant in different grades of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC. In summary, high expression of CaD is observed in increasing grades of OSCC but the metastatic potential of the tumour doesn’t seem to have any relation with CaD.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Kanadan, A. Bhagwath, Bastitian Sebastian, Parthiban Rudrapathy, S. Manickam
Introduction: In recent times, the interaction between cancer and the microbiome has been emphasized. Most studies have focused on the gut microbiota and gastric cancer. However, more attention should be paid on oral microflora as the gastrointestinal tract begins in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify aerobic microbes present in oral cancer patients and identify their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics profiles in oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a randomly selected cohort of oral cancer patients at Malabar cancer center Thalasseri for a period of 1 year. Samples were collected from oral cancer patients and subjected for microbiological examination for colony characters, morphology on Gram stain as well for antibiotic sensitivity for different drugs. Results: Of the 96 oral cancer patients, isolated bacterial colonies showed a mixture of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Streptococcus species (n = 28) were seen in high number in case of gram-positive organisms, while in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) Klebsiella species (n = 13) was high in number. Among the control group (n = 25), Neisseria flava (n = 11) was the predominant species. All oral cancer patients showed 80% of susceptibility to every class of antibiotics used. Conclusion: This study showed 80% of susceptibility to every class of commonly used antibiotics. But results are not similar in other parts of world. Antimicrobial resistance is emerging among cancer patients. Advancement and monitoring of the microbiota will improve our understanding of the role of the microbiota in carcinogenesis and open new perceptions for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
{"title":"Study on oral microbial flora and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among oral cancer patients in a tertiary cancer care center","authors":"Anjali Kanadan, A. Bhagwath, Bastitian Sebastian, Parthiban Rudrapathy, S. Manickam","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_68_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_68_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In recent times, the interaction between cancer and the microbiome has been emphasized. Most studies have focused on the gut microbiota and gastric cancer. However, more attention should be paid on oral microflora as the gastrointestinal tract begins in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify aerobic microbes present in oral cancer patients and identify their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics profiles in oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a randomly selected cohort of oral cancer patients at Malabar cancer center Thalasseri for a period of 1 year. Samples were collected from oral cancer patients and subjected for microbiological examination for colony characters, morphology on Gram stain as well for antibiotic sensitivity for different drugs. Results: Of the 96 oral cancer patients, isolated bacterial colonies showed a mixture of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Streptococcus species (n = 28) were seen in high number in case of gram-positive organisms, while in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) Klebsiella species (n = 13) was high in number. Among the control group (n = 25), Neisseria flava (n = 11) was the predominant species. All oral cancer patients showed 80% of susceptibility to every class of antibiotics used. Conclusion: This study showed 80% of susceptibility to every class of commonly used antibiotics. But results are not similar in other parts of world. Antimicrobial resistance is emerging among cancer patients. Advancement and monitoring of the microbiota will improve our understanding of the role of the microbiota in carcinogenesis and open new perceptions for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_138_19
S. Singer, M. Mupparapu
{"title":"Tobacco Cessation: Right for the Dental Office","authors":"S. Singer, M. Mupparapu","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_138_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_138_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_101_19
T. Radhika, S. Hussain, S. Adithyan, Nadeem Jeddy, S. Lakshmi
Introduction: Age is a vital tool in assessing the mental and physical growth of an individual. Exfoliative cytology, a non-invasive procedure, also has its potential implication in age assessment of an individual. This study aims to correlate and compare the average cell size from oral buccal smears of individuals of varying age groups using cytomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 buccal smears were collected from normal individuals, dividing them into five age groups (Group 1: 10–20, Group 2: 21–30, Group 3: 31–40, Group 4: 41–50, Group 5: 50 and above). The collected smear samples were stained using papanicolau stain. The average sizes of the cells were measured using Dewinter’s image analysis software. Results: Cytomorphometry revealed a decrease in the average cell size as age increases. Analysis using Bonferonni and Post Hoc tests showed statistically significant decrease in the average cell size (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Cytomorphometric evaluation of exfoliated oral cells proves reliable tool for correlation of age. Cytomorphometric analysis of exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa serves a potential alternative non-invasive procedure in evaluation and correlation of age of an individual compared to the other screening modalities, which are usually either invasive or expensive.
{"title":"Cytomorphometric Evaluation of Oral Exfoliated Cells − Its Correlation With Age of an Individual","authors":"T. Radhika, S. Hussain, S. Adithyan, Nadeem Jeddy, S. Lakshmi","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_101_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_101_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Age is a vital tool in assessing the mental and physical growth of an individual. Exfoliative cytology, a non-invasive procedure, also has its potential implication in age assessment of an individual. This study aims to correlate and compare the average cell size from oral buccal smears of individuals of varying age groups using cytomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 buccal smears were collected from normal individuals, dividing them into five age groups (Group 1: 10–20, Group 2: 21–30, Group 3: 31–40, Group 4: 41–50, Group 5: 50 and above). The collected smear samples were stained using papanicolau stain. The average sizes of the cells were measured using Dewinter’s image analysis software. Results: Cytomorphometry revealed a decrease in the average cell size as age increases. Analysis using Bonferonni and Post Hoc tests showed statistically significant decrease in the average cell size (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Cytomorphometric evaluation of exfoliated oral cells proves reliable tool for correlation of age. Cytomorphometric analysis of exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa serves a potential alternative non-invasive procedure in evaluation and correlation of age of an individual compared to the other screening modalities, which are usually either invasive or expensive.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_145_18
Nikita Rungta, R. Kudpi
Introduction: Eating disorders can cause serious changes in eating habits that can lead to major, even life-threatening, health problems. This may cause devastating effects on teeth. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to assess eating disorders among 15 to 17-year-old female cohorts. The SCOFF [sick, control, one stone (1 stone is 6.3 kg), fat, and food] Questionnaire was distributed among the consented female cohorts. The study comprised five questions. The oral health examination was carried out using mouth mirror and WHO probe. The presence or absence of dental caries, dental erosion, gingivitis, as well as the body mass index was documented. The pamphlets regarding healthy dietary habits and ill effects of acidic foods were distributed to the participants after the oral health examination. Results: A total of 200 young female cohorts with mean age 15.85 ± 0.59 were screened. The prevalence of eating disorders according to the SCOFF Questionnaire was 10.5%. Those who had an eating disorder showed higher body mass index (19.21 ± 2.16) compared to those without it (17.51 ± 2.62). This showed statistical significance with P value equal to 0.005. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the dental caries experience among cohorts with disorders to without disorders. Conclusion: Although there was no difference in caries experience among cohorts with eating disorder to without disorder, it is the dentists’ duty to educate the person before they develop dental symptoms.
{"title":"Evaluation of Eating Disorders Using “SCOFF Questionnaire” Among Young Female Cohorts and Its Dental Implications − An Exploratory Study","authors":"Nikita Rungta, R. Kudpi","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_145_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_145_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Eating disorders can cause serious changes in eating habits that can lead to major, even life-threatening, health problems. This may cause devastating effects on teeth. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to assess eating disorders among 15 to 17-year-old female cohorts. The SCOFF [sick, control, one stone (1 stone is 6.3 kg), fat, and food] Questionnaire was distributed among the consented female cohorts. The study comprised five questions. The oral health examination was carried out using mouth mirror and WHO probe. The presence or absence of dental caries, dental erosion, gingivitis, as well as the body mass index was documented. The pamphlets regarding healthy dietary habits and ill effects of acidic foods were distributed to the participants after the oral health examination. Results: A total of 200 young female cohorts with mean age 15.85 ± 0.59 were screened. The prevalence of eating disorders according to the SCOFF Questionnaire was 10.5%. Those who had an eating disorder showed higher body mass index (19.21 ± 2.16) compared to those without it (17.51 ± 2.62). This showed statistical significance with P value equal to 0.005. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the dental caries experience among cohorts with disorders to without disorders. Conclusion: Although there was no difference in caries experience among cohorts with eating disorder to without disorder, it is the dentists’ duty to educate the person before they develop dental symptoms.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_130_18
S. Singer, M. Mupparapu
Carotid artery calcification is frequently noted in panoramic dental radiographs but more evident on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. Vertebral artery calcification and ectasia, although rare, can place the patient for equal risk for a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). The aim of this article is to radiographically identify calcified atheromatous plaque, as well as, atresia related to vertebral artery in large field of view CBCT examinations. This article presents two patients with radiographic diagnosis of vertebral artery disease. In case 1, the large field of view CBCT volume was obtained for evaluation of the temporomandibular joints. A curvilinear high-density structure was seen within the left transverse foramen of C3. Based on the density, location, and shape, a radiographic diagnosis of calcified atheromatous plaque was made. The patient was referred to her physician for management. In case 2, irregularly shaped, small, high-density structures were noted on the CBCT examination close to the left carotid bifurcation at the level of C3–C4. It was also noted that the left transverse foramen of C4 was enlarged. A diagnosis of calcified atheroma of left carotid was made in patient 1, and calcified atheromatous plaque in the left carotid bifurcation area and concomitant vertebral artery ectasia was made in patient 2. Both the patients were referred to their physicians for management. Although prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and calcification is noted more frequently in CBCT examinations, vertebral artery calcification or ectasia is rare but because of its potential risk for causation of stroke, identification is paramount.
{"title":"Cone Beam Computed Tomography Detection of Extracranial Vertebral Artery (EVA) Calcification and Ectasia","authors":"S. Singer, M. Mupparapu","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_130_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_130_18","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid artery calcification is frequently noted in panoramic dental radiographs but more evident on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. Vertebral artery calcification and ectasia, although rare, can place the patient for equal risk for a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). The aim of this article is to radiographically identify calcified atheromatous plaque, as well as, atresia related to vertebral artery in large field of view CBCT examinations. This article presents two patients with radiographic diagnosis of vertebral artery disease. In case 1, the large field of view CBCT volume was obtained for evaluation of the temporomandibular joints. A curvilinear high-density structure was seen within the left transverse foramen of C3. Based on the density, location, and shape, a radiographic diagnosis of calcified atheromatous plaque was made. The patient was referred to her physician for management. In case 2, irregularly shaped, small, high-density structures were noted on the CBCT examination close to the left carotid bifurcation at the level of C3–C4. It was also noted that the left transverse foramen of C4 was enlarged. A diagnosis of calcified atheroma of left carotid was made in patient 1, and calcified atheromatous plaque in the left carotid bifurcation area and concomitant vertebral artery ectasia was made in patient 2. Both the patients were referred to their physicians for management. Although prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and calcification is noted more frequently in CBCT examinations, vertebral artery calcification or ectasia is rare but because of its potential risk for causation of stroke, identification is paramount.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastoma are the most common forms of cystic pathology that affect the jaw bones. The purpose of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of laminin 1 in these lesions and to study the probable role of laminin 1 in their biologic behavior. Materials and Methods: Serial sections of 4 µm were obtained from the archival blocks using standard microtome. One set of sections was used for immunohistochemical study. Presence of brown colored end product at the site of target antigen was considered as positive immunoreactivity. Results: Of the 10 ameloblastomas, 9 were positive. Among the 10 odontogenic keratocysts, 9 showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1 and 1 case was negative. Among the 10 dentigerous cysts, all of them showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1. A statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test and the statistical significance was evaluated. Discussion: All the lesions that showed positive immunoreactions for laminin 1 had basement membrane immunolocalization. The laminin 1 in odontogenic keratocysts showed that it is not involved in the formation of daughter cysts and the separation of epithelium and surrounding connective tissue. Conclusion: Expression of laminin 1 in the stellate reticulum can be a sign of the aggressiveness of ameloblastoma. Laminin 1 expression in the lining epithelium of dentigerous cyst can be used to explain its potential to transform to ameloblastoma. It can be concluded that the nature and aggressiveness of odontogenic cysts and tumors can be explained using laminin 1.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Laminin 1 Expression in Odontogenic Keratocyst, Dentigerous Cyst, and Ameloblastoma: An Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"M. Ramesh, V. Thomas, B. Sekar, Jissy George","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_64_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_64_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastoma are the most common forms of cystic pathology that affect the jaw bones. The purpose of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of laminin 1 in these lesions and to study the probable role of laminin 1 in their biologic behavior. Materials and Methods: Serial sections of 4 µm were obtained from the archival blocks using standard microtome. One set of sections was used for immunohistochemical study. Presence of brown colored end product at the site of target antigen was considered as positive immunoreactivity. Results: Of the 10 ameloblastomas, 9 were positive. Among the 10 odontogenic keratocysts, 9 showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1 and 1 case was negative. Among the 10 dentigerous cysts, all of them showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1. A statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test and the statistical significance was evaluated. Discussion: All the lesions that showed positive immunoreactions for laminin 1 had basement membrane immunolocalization. The laminin 1 in odontogenic keratocysts showed that it is not involved in the formation of daughter cysts and the separation of epithelium and surrounding connective tissue. Conclusion: Expression of laminin 1 in the stellate reticulum can be a sign of the aggressiveness of ameloblastoma. Laminin 1 expression in the lining epithelium of dentigerous cyst can be used to explain its potential to transform to ameloblastoma. It can be concluded that the nature and aggressiveness of odontogenic cysts and tumors can be explained using laminin 1.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_142_18
M. Paço, Daniela Simões, Paula Chaves, Vera Almeida, J. Rocha, Lilliana Moreira, J. Duarte, T. Pinho
Introduction: The purpose of this article was to develop and validate a scale to assess common knowledge about temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in the general population, evaluate the status of TMDs knowledge in the Portuguese population, quantify the severity and prevalence of TMDs-related symptoms in the general population, and assess the association between TMDs-related symptoms’ severity and demographic, medical and oral associated factors. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of 2165 participants selected through a snowball sampling method. The participants completed an online questionnaire regarding social and demographic characteristics, medical history, oral habits, Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index, a scale about difficulties on impulsiveness control and also the TMDs knowledge scale developed. The psychometric properties of the scale developed was tested on a small number of participants (n = 210). The P value set was 0.05. Results: Concerning psychometric properties all items showed a moderate-to-strong positive association with the loading factor. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.956, showing good reliability. TMDs knowledge was positive in 1295 participants (59.8%). Multivariate-adjusted odds showed that female gender, diagnosis of tension-type headache, migraine, anxiety, impulsiveness, facial trauma, and parafunctional habits increased the risk of developing TMDs (adjusted odds ratios from 1.84 to 49.38). Conclusion: The scale developed is psychometrically valid and reliable and the participants had an overall positive knowledge about TMDs. A high prevalence of TMDs-related symptoms among the Portuguese population was found and the associated factors were female gender, impulsiveness, tension-type headache, migraine, anxiety, facial trauma, and parafunctional habits.
{"title":"Common Knowledge About Temporomandibular Disorders and Associated Factors With Its Symptoms: Evidence From a Portuguese Population-Based Survey","authors":"M. Paço, Daniela Simões, Paula Chaves, Vera Almeida, J. Rocha, Lilliana Moreira, J. Duarte, T. Pinho","doi":"10.4103/jofs.jofs_142_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jofs.jofs_142_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this article was to develop and validate a scale to assess common knowledge about temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in the general population, evaluate the status of TMDs knowledge in the Portuguese population, quantify the severity and prevalence of TMDs-related symptoms in the general population, and assess the association between TMDs-related symptoms’ severity and demographic, medical and oral associated factors. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of 2165 participants selected through a snowball sampling method. The participants completed an online questionnaire regarding social and demographic characteristics, medical history, oral habits, Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index, a scale about difficulties on impulsiveness control and also the TMDs knowledge scale developed. The psychometric properties of the scale developed was tested on a small number of participants (n = 210). The P value set was 0.05. Results: Concerning psychometric properties all items showed a moderate-to-strong positive association with the loading factor. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.956, showing good reliability. TMDs knowledge was positive in 1295 participants (59.8%). Multivariate-adjusted odds showed that female gender, diagnosis of tension-type headache, migraine, anxiety, impulsiveness, facial trauma, and parafunctional habits increased the risk of developing TMDs (adjusted odds ratios from 1.84 to 49.38). Conclusion: The scale developed is psychometrically valid and reliable and the participants had an overall positive knowledge about TMDs. A high prevalence of TMDs-related symptoms among the Portuguese population was found and the associated factors were female gender, impulsiveness, tension-type headache, migraine, anxiety, facial trauma, and parafunctional habits.","PeriodicalId":16651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orofacial Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-Cheng Chen, Derek J Hong, Chia-Wei Wu, M Mupparapu
Introduction: This review sought to present fundamental principles of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and provides an overview of its applications in medicine and dentistry. Materials and Methods: Scientific databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant literature on DCNN and its applications in the medical and dental fields from 2010 to September 2018. Two independent reviewers rated the articles based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, and the remaining articles were reviewed. Results: The comprehensive literature search yielded 110,750 citations. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 340 articles remained that pertained to the use of DCNN in medicine and dentistry. Further exclusion based on nonbiomedical applications yielded a total of 26 articles for review. Conclusion: Advances in the development of neural network systems have permeated into the medical and dental fields, particularly in imaging and diagnostic testing. Researchers are attempting to use deep learning as an aid to assess medical images in clinical applications and its optimization will provide powerful tools to the next generation. However, the authors caution that these tools serve as supplements to improve diagnosis and not replace the medical professional.
本综述旨在介绍深度卷积神经网络(DCNNs)的基本原理，并概述其在医学和牙科领域的应用。材料与方法:利用PubMed、Science Direct、Web of Science、JSTOR、谷歌Scholar等科学数据库检索2010年至2018年9月DCNN及其在医学和牙科领域应用的相关文献。两名独立审稿人根据排除和纳入标准对文章进行评分，并对其余文章进行审查。结果:综合文献检索共收录引文110,750次。在应用排除和纳入标准后，仍有340篇文章涉及DCNN在医学和牙科中的使用。基于非生物医学应用的进一步排除共产生26篇文章供审查。结论:神经网络系统的发展已经渗透到医学和牙科领域，特别是在成像和诊断测试方面。研究人员正在尝试使用深度学习作为临床应用中评估医学图像的辅助手段，其优化将为下一代提供强大的工具。然而，作者警告说，这些工具作为补充，以提高诊断，而不是取代医疗专业人员。
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