Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1748963
Christopher Clarkson
EDITORIAL COMMENT Over the span of three years Christopher Clarkson worked on Volumes I and II of the Winchester Bible, dated around 1160. In the article below he notes techniques he had not encountered before and discusses parchment manuscripts overall. The text was the last to be written for publication by Chris before his death, aged 78, on 30 March 2017. He had substantially drafted and revised it, but illness prevented him from approving it in this form. Chris had also wished to illustrate the article with many of his photographs of the Bible. However, failing health made the selection of these images impossible. Chris's family have nevertheless decided to publish the article because they thought that conservators and friends might wish to read Chris’s thoughts about his final conservation project. Dr Jedert Vodopivec, who had originally commissioned the article, kindly agreed to its publication here. Edited by Dana Josephson (in collaboration with Chris), with contributions by Professor Nicholas Pickwoad.
{"title":"The Winchester Bible: Notable Features Observed During Conservation, 2012–15","authors":"Christopher Clarkson","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1748963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1748963","url":null,"abstract":"EDITORIAL COMMENT Over the span of three years Christopher Clarkson worked on Volumes I and II of the Winchester Bible, dated around 1160. In the article below he notes techniques he had not encountered before and discusses parchment manuscripts overall. The text was the last to be written for publication by Chris before his death, aged 78, on 30 March 2017. He had substantially drafted and revised it, but illness prevented him from approving it in this form. Chris had also wished to illustrate the article with many of his photographs of the Bible. However, failing health made the selection of these images impossible. Chris's family have nevertheless decided to publish the article because they thought that conservators and friends might wish to read Chris’s thoughts about his final conservation project. Dr Jedert Vodopivec, who had originally commissioned the article, kindly agreed to its publication here. Edited by Dana Josephson (in collaboration with Chris), with contributions by Professor Nicholas Pickwoad.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79588851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1748418
Nicholas Pickwoad
{"title":"Clarkson Festschrift","authors":"Nicholas Pickwoad","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1748418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1748418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"6 1","pages":"5 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79729920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1747887
Claudia Benvestito
ABSTRACT The knot-tack is a technique for sewing books on double supports which features a prominent knot settled over the centre of split-strap sewing supports. This method can be found in archive and library bindings, on manuscripts or printed-books, with stiff or limp covers. Up until a few years ago, the knot-tack had only been observed in books from Austria and described by Eleonore Klee. Recent findings at the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana in Venice (Italy), followed by new sightings in central Italy have opened the way to an expansion of Klee’s observations. Whilst the relationship between the Austrian and the Italian knot-tack sewing structures is not yet clear, this essay aims to describe, with the aid of pictures, the path of the thread in the making of the knot. It presents a number of possible applications for the book conservator, who can make effective use of the knot-tack sewing.
{"title":"Italian Knot-tack Sewing: A Reliable Hypothesis on a Late Medieval Technique","authors":"Claudia Benvestito","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1747887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1747887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The knot-tack is a technique for sewing books on double supports which features a prominent knot settled over the centre of split-strap sewing supports. This method can be found in archive and library bindings, on manuscripts or printed-books, with stiff or limp covers. Up until a few years ago, the knot-tack had only been observed in books from Austria and described by Eleonore Klee. Recent findings at the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana in Venice (Italy), followed by new sightings in central Italy have opened the way to an expansion of Klee’s observations. Whilst the relationship between the Austrian and the Italian knot-tack sewing structures is not yet clear, this essay aims to describe, with the aid of pictures, the path of the thread in the making of the knot. It presents a number of possible applications for the book conservator, who can make effective use of the knot-tack sewing.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"25 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79739277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1743531
Jacques Bréjoux
{"title":"Hand Papermaking at Moulin du Verger","authors":"Jacques Bréjoux","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1743531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1743531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"46 1","pages":"33 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89941435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1747845
Claire Dekle, Gwenanne Edwards
ABSTRACT In the early 1970s Christopher Clarkson designed and constructed specialized enclosures, which he later named “flip flop boxes,” to protect Islamic book covers in the Kirkor Minassian Collection at the Library of Congress. A flip flop box provides support for book covers and permits easy viewing of both sides while reducing handling. Recently a project to house a book cover prompted a return to Clarkson's box design, since over 40 years of use for both storage and research has proven its elegance and durability. This paper gives a historical account of the design process, discusses selection of materials for the recent reconstruction, and provides detailed instructions for making a flip flop box.
{"title":"Reconstructing Christopher Clarkson’s Flip Flop Box: A Protective Enclosure for Book Covers","authors":"Claire Dekle, Gwenanne Edwards","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1747845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1747845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the early 1970s Christopher Clarkson designed and constructed specialized enclosures, which he later named “flip flop boxes,” to protect Islamic book covers in the Kirkor Minassian Collection at the Library of Congress. A flip flop box provides support for book covers and permits easy viewing of both sides while reducing handling. Recently a project to house a book cover prompted a return to Clarkson's box design, since over 40 years of use for both storage and research has proven its elegance and durability. This paper gives a historical account of the design process, discusses selection of materials for the recent reconstruction, and provides detailed instructions for making a flip flop box.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"70 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82207093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1748416
Nicholas Pickwoad
ABSTRACT The history of Italian laced-case bindings with covers of cartonnage can be traced back to the early sixteenth century, but the so-called legatura alla rustica achieved its definitive form in the seventeenth century, from which time they became one of the most common types of retail binding in the Italian booktrade. This article looks at the development in Italy of this type of binding and the different features that can be found on them from the first decade of the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth, and examines the ways in which a very cheaply-made binding was cleverly designed to exploit the unique characteristics of textblocks made from hand-printed sheets of handmade paper and the extraordinary qualities of Italian cartonnage to allow very light-weight and rapidly executed bindings to be remarkably durable. The economy of their manufacture is evidenced through the way paper was used to make the endleaves and the production of the cartonnage covers in format-related sizes to reduce waste. The article ends with four appendices which contain detailed descriptions of 16 representative examples, a fifth appendix which lists different ways in which binders sought to reinforce the structures of these bindings and a final appendix listing the sizes of 25 covers made from whole sheets of cartonnage.
意大利用纸盒封皮的花边装订的历史可以追溯到16世纪早期，但所谓的legatura alla rustica在17世纪达到了它的最终形式，从那时起，它们成为意大利图书贸易中最常见的零售装订类型之一。这篇文章着眼于这种装订方式在意大利的发展以及从16世纪的第一个十年到18世纪末的不同特点，并研究了一种非常便宜的装订方式是如何巧妙地设计的，利用手工印刷的手工纸张制成的文本块的独特特性和意大利纸箱的非凡品质，使非常轻的重量和快速制作的装订变得非常耐用。其制造的经济性是通过纸张被用来制作尾叶和生产与格式相关尺寸的纸箱盖以减少浪费的方式来证明的。文章最后附有四个附录，其中详细说明了16个有代表性的例子，第五个附录列出了装订商试图加强这些装订结构的不同方法，最后一个附录列出了由整张纸板箱制成的25个封面的尺寸。
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Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1747867
Abigail B. Quandt
ABSTRACT Early in his career as a rare book conservator Christopher Clarkson worked at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland, from February 1977 to August 1979. Hired by the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, Dr. Lilian M.C. Randall, with a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Clarkson conducted a condition survey of the western European manuscripts and wrote detailed descriptions of their structure and bindings for the first comprehensive catalogue to be published of the collection. Clarkson provided training for Walters staff in the handling and display of early books and, with Randall's support, drafted a lengthy monograph on the subject that included instructions on the fabrication of Plexiglas® book cradles. As Clarkson's time was limited, he was unable to undertake the specialized treatment of manuscripts with broken textblocks and bindings. Recognizing the complex problems of thickly applied media on flexible parchment supports, Clarkson made a significant contribution to the preservation of the Walters collection by recommending important changes to existing protocols, established in the late 1960s, for the consolidation of flaking paint in the manuscripts. The experience that Clarkson had at the Walters was significant, as it shaped his thinking about the role of the conservator in studying and caring for early books and in establishing model preservation programmes for special collections in research libraries as well as museums.
1977年2月至1979年8月，克里斯托弗·克拉克森(Christopher Clarkson)在马里兰州巴尔的摩的沃尔特斯艺术博物馆(Walters Art Museum)担任珍本图书保修员。克拉克森受手稿和珍本馆长莉莲·m·c·兰德尔(Lilian M.C. Randall)博士的聘用，在国家人文基金会的资助下，对西欧手稿进行了状况调查，并对它们的结构和装订进行了详细描述，为即将出版的第一本全面的收藏目录做准备。克拉克森为沃尔特斯员工提供了早期书籍处理和展示方面的培训，并在兰德尔的支持下，起草了一本关于该主题的长篇专著，其中包括制作plexglass®图书摇篮的说明。由于克拉克森的时间有限，他无法对破损的文本块和装订的手稿进行专门处理。认识到在柔性羊皮纸支撑上厚涂介质的复杂问题，克拉克森对沃尔特斯收藏的保存做出了重大贡献，他建议对20世纪60年代末建立的现有协议进行重大修改，以巩固手稿中剥皮的油漆。克拉克森在沃尔特斯博物馆的经历意义重大，因为它塑造了他对保管员在研究和照顾早期书籍以及为研究型图书馆和博物馆的特殊藏品建立模型保护计划方面的作用的思考。
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Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1743556
A. Campagnolo, R. DeStefano
Over the years, after his forming experience at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence (BNCF) in response to the infamous 1966 Arno flood, Christopher Clarkson produced a significant number of publications about book conservation and archaeology of the book. His writings contain many of his fundamental ideas, investigative methodologies, and innovative terminology. Even the concept ‘book conservation’ came out of Chris’s reflections during his time along the river Arno (Bell & Clarkson, 2001: 75). In his PhD dissertation about ‘English fifteenth-century book structures’, Hadgraft (1998) outlines many of the terms advanced by Clarkson, the majority of which have become widely adopted by bookbinding scholars the world over. This bibliography attempts to bring together the extensive production of works published by Clarkson. It is based on Chris’s own bibliography that appears online on his website (Clarkson, 2017), integrated with the many citations brought to the readers’ attention by the authors of the papers in this volume, and with other citations found in the literature. In the section About Christopher Clarkson, we have entered some publications about Clarkson. In this list, one can find the digitized conservation laboratory archive of the Flood at the BNCF, where many reports and letters illustrating the response to the disaster at the library mention Chris. The section is followed by Obituaries. In the main list, we cover a number of unpublished reports and materials. This is by no means a comprehensive account of his unpublished work. We have set up this bibliography as a shared online Zotero library: https://www.zotero.org/groups/2455205/christ opherclarksonjpc_bibliography. We encourage anyone with information about items that are missing from this list, especially unpublished reports, to come forward and contribute to Clarkson’s bibliography.
{"title":"Christopher Clarkson’s Bibliography","authors":"A. Campagnolo, R. DeStefano","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1743556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1743556","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, after his forming experience at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence (BNCF) in response to the infamous 1966 Arno flood, Christopher Clarkson produced a significant number of publications about book conservation and archaeology of the book. His writings contain many of his fundamental ideas, investigative methodologies, and innovative terminology. Even the concept ‘book conservation’ came out of Chris’s reflections during his time along the river Arno (Bell & Clarkson, 2001: 75). In his PhD dissertation about ‘English fifteenth-century book structures’, Hadgraft (1998) outlines many of the terms advanced by Clarkson, the majority of which have become widely adopted by bookbinding scholars the world over. This bibliography attempts to bring together the extensive production of works published by Clarkson. It is based on Chris’s own bibliography that appears online on his website (Clarkson, 2017), integrated with the many citations brought to the readers’ attention by the authors of the papers in this volume, and with other citations found in the literature. In the section About Christopher Clarkson, we have entered some publications about Clarkson. In this list, one can find the digitized conservation laboratory archive of the Flood at the BNCF, where many reports and letters illustrating the response to the disaster at the library mention Chris. The section is followed by Obituaries. In the main list, we cover a number of unpublished reports and materials. This is by no means a comprehensive account of his unpublished work. We have set up this bibliography as a shared online Zotero library: https://www.zotero.org/groups/2455205/christ opherclarksonjpc_bibliography. We encourage anyone with information about items that are missing from this list, especially unpublished reports, to come forward and contribute to Clarkson’s bibliography.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"10 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74699297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1763642
Nancy K. Turner
ABSTRACT An original twelfth-century binding in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles was studied by Christopher Clarkson in 1994. Unusual features caught his attention, particularly its undecorated tanned leather over-cover (‘chemise’) attached to bare boards by sewn-on ‘turn-in’ flaps and envelope pockets of white alum-tawed skin. With Clarkson’s condition report of the binding as its starting point, this new study situates the binding of the Getty’s Life of St Anselm into a wider context of northern French and Flemish Benedictine and Cistercian bindings of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. This paper highlights the binding practices of reform monastic orders and their ‘spirit of thrift’.
1994年，克里斯托弗·克拉克森(Christopher Clarkson)对洛杉矶保罗·盖蒂博物馆(J. Paul Getty Museum)收藏的一本12世纪装帧原作进行了研究。一些不寻常的特点引起了他的注意，尤其是没有装饰的鞣制皮革罩衫(“chemise”)，它通过缝在上面的“翻转”襟翼和白色镀铝皮的信封口袋连接在光秃秃的木板上。以克拉克森的装订状况报告为出发点，这项新研究将盖蒂的《圣安瑟伦传》的装订置于更广泛的背景下，即12世纪和13世纪法国北部和佛兰德本笃会和西多会的装订。本文着重论述了改革修道会的约束实践及其“节俭精神”。
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Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1747877
Georgios Boudalis
ABSTRACT The paper examines the bookmarks recorded in the manuscript collection of the St Catherine’s Monastery Library in Sinai. It proposes a consistent classification and terminology and examines in detail the three main types of bookmarks, the board strap markers, the endband string markers and the leaf tab markers using the physical evidence collected through the St Catherine’s Library Conservation Project as well as iconographical evidence from Byzantine works of art. The bookmark structure, function and materials are explained in detail, and line drawings of their shape and construction are also provided. Special attention is given to leather straps fixed on the boards of codices which have been interpreted as ‘lifting tabs’ in the past and which are now reinterpreted as bookmarks.
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