Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1832790
M. Kern, A. Stijnman, Jana Müller, Yvonne Wiegand, I. Brückle
ABSTRACT ‘Frankfurt Black' made of charred wine lees was often preferred above other charcoal pigments for intaglio printing in 17th to 19th centuries primary sources. As no samples of the dry pigment survive, it was experimentally recreated. Wine lees were charred according to historical instructions to determine appropriate conditions for dry pyrolysis (380°C, 300 min T). The pigment was ground with burnt oil varnishes prepared according to Abraham Bosse’s 1649 manual on etching and engraving. Reconstructed Frankfurt Black was compared to hand-ground inks made with different plant black pigments and modern bone black printing ink. Impressions were made from an etched plate and compared for their colour, contrast, clarity of lines and details. Generally, Frankfurt Black ink displayed the properties described in historical sources: deep dark colour and a soft texture. The ink resembled modern inks in print. The study illustrates how the choice and manufacture of historical ink constituents can affect the appearance of an intaglio print.
在17至19世纪的凹版印刷中，“法兰克福黑”通常比其他木炭颜料更受青睐。由于没有干色素的样本保存下来，所以实验重现了它。根据历史说明对酒糟进行炭化，以确定干热解的适宜条件(380℃，300 min T)。颜料是根据亚伯拉罕·博斯(Abraham Bosse) 1649年的蚀刻和雕刻手册，用烧焦的油清漆研磨而成的。将重建的法兰克福黑与用不同植物黑色颜料和现代骨黑色印刷油墨制成的手工研磨油墨进行了比较。印痕是由蚀刻板制成的，并对它们的颜色、对比度、线条的清晰度和细节进行比较。一般来说，法兰克福黑色墨水显示了历史资料中描述的属性:深黑色和柔软的质地。这种墨水很像现代印刷的墨水。该研究说明了历史油墨成分的选择和制造如何影响凹版印刷的外观。
{"title":"From Wine to Print: Reconstruction of Frankfurt Black Pigment and Intaglio Printing Ink","authors":"M. Kern, A. Stijnman, Jana Müller, Yvonne Wiegand, I. Brückle","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1832790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1832790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘Frankfurt Black' made of charred wine lees was often preferred above other charcoal pigments for intaglio printing in 17th to 19th centuries primary sources. As no samples of the dry pigment survive, it was experimentally recreated. Wine lees were charred according to historical instructions to determine appropriate conditions for dry pyrolysis (380°C, 300 min T). The pigment was ground with burnt oil varnishes prepared according to Abraham Bosse’s 1649 manual on etching and engraving. Reconstructed Frankfurt Black was compared to hand-ground inks made with different plant black pigments and modern bone black printing ink. Impressions were made from an etched plate and compared for their colour, contrast, clarity of lines and details. Generally, Frankfurt Black ink displayed the properties described in historical sources: deep dark colour and a soft texture. The ink resembled modern inks in print. The study illustrates how the choice and manufacture of historical ink constituents can affect the appearance of an intaglio print.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82960075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1857598
Meagen Smith
ABSTRACT This article describes a high-level survey carried out during eight weeks in 2018, in the context of a move for the Parliamentary Archives (London, UK). While both the location and the moving date were unknown at the time, the Conservation team undertook a number of surveys that provided an important data set on which to base the planning and decision making for collection risk management, preservation and conservation. A number of benefits derived from the survey are presented here. They included: the identification of repackaging requirements prior to a move, the uncovering of unknown or lost items, improvements to staff’s collection knowledge, the reassurance that the staff know what the collection holds, the development of fast statistics such as the collection’s oldest item, largest item and number of boxes holding the collection, the documentation of conservation requirements, the identification of cataloguing requirements, and team-building. Results and lessons learnt are also discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Surveys Show the Way: How Surveys are Helping the UK Parliamentary Archives Prepare to Move","authors":"Meagen Smith","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1857598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1857598","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article describes a high-level survey carried out during eight weeks in 2018, in the context of a move for the Parliamentary Archives (London, UK). While both the location and the moving date were unknown at the time, the Conservation team undertook a number of surveys that provided an important data set on which to base the planning and decision making for collection risk management, preservation and conservation. A number of benefits derived from the survey are presented here. They included: the identification of repackaging requirements prior to a move, the uncovering of unknown or lost items, improvements to staff’s collection knowledge, the reassurance that the staff know what the collection holds, the development of fast statistics such as the collection’s oldest item, largest item and number of boxes holding the collection, the documentation of conservation requirements, the identification of cataloguing requirements, and team-building. Results and lessons learnt are also discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82159188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1835112
Juliette Berli, O. Belhadj
ABSTRACT Consolidating dried plant specimens using a suitable adhesive is a major and recurring problem in the preservation of herbaria. Various ways to consolidate the mounting of loose specimens were studied, and tests were carried out on five adhesives at various concentrations to choose the most suitable one. The best results in terms of adhesion and flexibility of the page was obtained with Japanese paper coated on both sides with Klucel G®. These instructables show the technique used to prepare pre-coated paper inserts and its use on specimen.
{"title":"Consolidating Herbarium Specimens Using Two-Sided Hydroxylpropylcellulose Pre-Coated Paper","authors":"Juliette Berli, O. Belhadj","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1835112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1835112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Consolidating dried plant specimens using a suitable adhesive is a major and recurring problem in the preservation of herbaria. Various ways to consolidate the mounting of loose specimens were studied, and tests were carried out on five adhesives at various concentrations to choose the most suitable one. The best results in terms of adhesion and flexibility of the page was obtained with Japanese paper coated on both sides with Klucel G®. These instructables show the technique used to prepare pre-coated paper inserts and its use on specimen.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81018422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1716928
Roswitha Ketzer
ABSTRACT Gold paper is one variation of metallic paper, which was used as covermaterial for eighteenth century pamphlet bindings in Augsburg, Germany. In order to establish its manufacturing process, analysis of metallic paper and literature research has been conducted mainly based on a publication made by F.W. Exner in 1869. A resulting diagram is provided picturing different paper processing steps in eight stages various metal leaves and finishing. Non-destructive tests were used, including research with magnification, which provided conclusive results about the manufacturing process of the material in question, which proved to be handmade from brass alloy leaves. Handling and storage suggestions are presented, together with findings about the germicidal properties of this material, which was a positive surprise of the research.
{"title":"Metallic Paper: Its Manufacturing Process and Comparing Analysis","authors":"Roswitha Ketzer","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1716928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1716928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gold paper is one variation of metallic paper, which was used as covermaterial for eighteenth century pamphlet bindings in Augsburg, Germany. In order to establish its manufacturing process, analysis of metallic paper and literature research has been conducted mainly based on a publication made by F.W. Exner in 1869. A resulting diagram is provided picturing different paper processing steps in eight stages various metal leaves and finishing. Non-destructive tests were used, including research with magnification, which provided conclusive results about the manufacturing process of the material in question, which proved to be handmade from brass alloy leaves. Handling and storage suggestions are presented, together with findings about the germicidal properties of this material, which was a positive surprise of the research.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1832774
Signe Hjerrild Smedemark, M. Ryhl-Svendsen
ABSTRACT The overwhelming majority of library and archival collections are kept in storage. Paper collections themselves are a source of formic acid and acetic acid within the storage room. This paper investigates the concentration of both organic acids in three storage facilities during summer and winter as well as their temperature-related off-gassing from six paper samples in a laboratory set-up. The study reveals a basic pattern in the formation of formic and acetic acid which was notably higher in summer than in winter at all three storage sites. The temperature-dependent changes of formic acid and acetic acid level during the seasons correspond to the changes in off-gassing from the six paper samples determined at laboratory conditions. The study indicates that reducing the temperature in storage facilities of libraries and archival collections will reduce the off-gassing of organic acids from paper and by this their concentration in air.
{"title":"Indoor Air Pollution in Archives: Temperature Dependent Emission of Formic Acid and Acetic Acid from Paper","authors":"Signe Hjerrild Smedemark, M. Ryhl-Svendsen","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1832774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1832774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The overwhelming majority of library and archival collections are kept in storage. Paper collections themselves are a source of formic acid and acetic acid within the storage room. This paper investigates the concentration of both organic acids in three storage facilities during summer and winter as well as their temperature-related off-gassing from six paper samples in a laboratory set-up. The study reveals a basic pattern in the formation of formic and acetic acid which was notably higher in summer than in winter at all three storage sites. The temperature-dependent changes of formic acid and acetic acid level during the seasons correspond to the changes in off-gassing from the six paper samples determined at laboratory conditions. The study indicates that reducing the temperature in storage facilities of libraries and archival collections will reduce the off-gassing of organic acids from paper and by this their concentration in air.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78268405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1832763
{"title":"IADA News","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1832763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1832763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80728911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1832758
Perrine LeSaux
Abstract A framed nineteenth century Scottish pastel portrait on paper by Sir Daniel MacNee, severely damaged after a fall, was analyzed and conserved at the Garman Art Conservation Department at Buffalo State College for a master's project by paper specialist student Perrine LeSaux. Conservation photography helped to document and analyze the extent of the damage and Beva 371 and Japanese tissue were used to stabilize the torn paper and restore stability to the work of art.
{"title":"The Conservation Treatment of Nineteenth Century Scottish Pastel on Paper","authors":"Perrine LeSaux","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1832758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1832758","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A framed nineteenth century Scottish pastel portrait on paper by Sir Daniel MacNee, severely damaged after a fall, was analyzed and conserved at the Garman Art Conservation Department at Buffalo State College for a master's project by paper specialist student Perrine LeSaux. Conservation photography helped to document and analyze the extent of the damage and Beva 371 and Japanese tissue were used to stabilize the torn paper and restore stability to the work of art.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1748423
Nataša Golob
{"title":"A Few Thoughts on Christopher Clarkson’s Lectures at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana, Slovenia","authors":"Nataša Golob","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1748423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1748423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1747832
Jiří Vnouček
ABSTRACT Compiled around the turn of the eighth century, in the Wearmouth-Jarrow monastery in Northumbria, the Codex Amiatinus is the oldest complete Vulgate translation that remains extant in one volume. Today, this manuscript remains awe-inspiring, not only because of its size, but also because of the number of animal skins that were necessary for its production. The Codex Amiatinus is now located in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence. It is the only one of the three codices, together known as Ceolfrid’s bibles, to survive. My research combines visual analyses of parchment with knowledge obtained from experimental parchment-making. While scholars have thus far thought that all three of Ceolfrid’s bibles were composed on calf skin, I argue that the Codex Amiatinus’s text block is composed only of goat and sheep skins, while the surviving folia from the other two bibles are made from calf parchment. My study of the parchment of the Codex Amiatinus and the fragments of Ceolfrid’s other bibles raises several questions about the production of these manuscripts: is it possible that the scriptorium of the twin monasteries in Wearmouth-Jarrow was able to produce parchment from local skins in a specific Italian style? Or was the Codex Amiatinus’s parchment imported from Italy?
{"title":"The Parchment of the Codex Amiatinus in the Context of Manuscript Production in Northumbria Around the End of the Seventh Century: Identification of the Animal Species and Methods of Manufacture of the Parchment as Clues to the Old Narrative?","authors":"Jiří Vnouček","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1747832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1747832","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Compiled around the turn of the eighth century, in the Wearmouth-Jarrow monastery in Northumbria, the Codex Amiatinus is the oldest complete Vulgate translation that remains extant in one volume. Today, this manuscript remains awe-inspiring, not only because of its size, but also because of the number of animal skins that were necessary for its production. The Codex Amiatinus is now located in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence. It is the only one of the three codices, together known as Ceolfrid’s bibles, to survive. My research combines visual analyses of parchment with knowledge obtained from experimental parchment-making. While scholars have thus far thought that all three of Ceolfrid’s bibles were composed on calf skin, I argue that the Codex Amiatinus’s text block is composed only of goat and sheep skins, while the surviving folia from the other two bibles are made from calf parchment. My study of the parchment of the Codex Amiatinus and the fragments of Ceolfrid’s other bibles raises several questions about the production of these manuscripts: is it possible that the scriptorium of the twin monasteries in Wearmouth-Jarrow was able to produce parchment from local skins in a specific Italian style? Or was the Codex Amiatinus’s parchment imported from Italy?","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72712055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2019.1746119
{"title":"IADA News","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2019.1746119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2019.1746119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79748249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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