Abstract The paper discusses an optical frequency comb source (OMCG)-enabled hybrid single mode fiber (SMF) and free space optical (FSO) communication system (fiber-wireless) delivering a total capacity of 96 Gbps by incorporating polarization division multiplexing (PDM) in passive optical network (PON) architecture. For the accomplishment of PDM, three diverse states of polarization (SOPs) are explored such as 00, 450, and 900. Performance investigation of proposed system is conducted for assessing Q factor and BER by exploring the different modulation formats in proposed system such as modified duo-binary return to zero (MDRZ), return to zero (RZ), compressed spectrum RZ (CSRZ), and non-RZ (NRZ). Results revealed that presented design can cover 30 km SMF + 3.4 km FSO range by incorporating MDRZ due to its spectral efficient and dispersion tolerant properties.
{"title":"A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source","authors":"Ankita Lamba, Jyoti Sehgal, Manoj Kumar, Eisha Akanksha","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses an optical frequency comb source (OMCG)-enabled hybrid single mode fiber (SMF) and free space optical (FSO) communication system (fiber-wireless) delivering a total capacity of 96 Gbps by incorporating polarization division multiplexing (PDM) in passive optical network (PON) architecture. For the accomplishment of PDM, three diverse states of polarization (SOPs) are explored such as 00, 450, and 900. Performance investigation of proposed system is conducted for assessing Q factor and BER by exploring the different modulation formats in proposed system such as modified duo-binary return to zero (MDRZ), return to zero (RZ), compressed spectrum RZ (CSRZ), and non-RZ (NRZ). Results revealed that presented design can cover 30 km SMF + 3.4 km FSO range by incorporating MDRZ due to its spectral efficient and dispersion tolerant properties.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141334968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarika Singh, Sandeep K. Arya, S. Singla, Pulkit Berwal
Abstract This paper presents the performance analysis of different schemes for generating linearized photonic signal by varying phase shifter arrangements of a dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DD-DPMZM). The RF signals at the electrodes of sub-modulators of DD-DPMZM are fed using different phase angles to generate optically modulated signals in the output. The proposed system consists of a DD-DPMZM and phase shifters. Spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is evaluated for different configurations of sub modulators in upper and lower arm of DD-DPMZM. SFDR of 135.6 dB Hz4/5 is obtained for quadrature and optical carrier suppression modulation in upper and lower submodulators by suppressing third order intermodulation distortion completely. It is found to be high performance configuration for dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator based linear microwave photonic link.
{"title":"Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator","authors":"Sarika Singh, Sandeep K. Arya, S. Singla, Pulkit Berwal","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the performance analysis of different schemes for generating linearized photonic signal by varying phase shifter arrangements of a dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DD-DPMZM). The RF signals at the electrodes of sub-modulators of DD-DPMZM are fed using different phase angles to generate optically modulated signals in the output. The proposed system consists of a DD-DPMZM and phase shifters. Spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is evaluated for different configurations of sub modulators in upper and lower arm of DD-DPMZM. SFDR of 135.6 dB Hz4/5 is obtained for quadrature and optical carrier suppression modulation in upper and lower submodulators by suppressing third order intermodulation distortion completely. It is found to be high performance configuration for dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator based linear microwave photonic link.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract From the concepts of the dispersion-folded digital backward propagation (DBP) and optical phase conjugation (OPC), a hybrid optical-electronic nonlinearity-compensation scheme is proposed to enhance the system performance of the dispersion-managed transmission. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme, compared with that of the conventional DBP method, is reduced significantly while the performance penalty is negligible. The compensation efficiency of the proposed scheme has been validated in a 5 (and 9)-channel PM-16QAM system at 256 Gbit/s.
{"title":"Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission","authors":"Xiaogang Tong, Wei Huang, Weiwei Cao, Junsheng Zhang, Xiaojuan Zhang","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From the concepts of the dispersion-folded digital backward propagation (DBP) and optical phase conjugation (OPC), a hybrid optical-electronic nonlinearity-compensation scheme is proposed to enhance the system performance of the dispersion-managed transmission. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme, compared with that of the conventional DBP method, is reduced significantly while the performance penalty is negligible. The compensation efficiency of the proposed scheme has been validated in a 5 (and 9)-channel PM-16QAM system at 256 Gbit/s.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anitha Gopalan, Arumugam Krishnan Arulmozhi, Manimaraboopathy Maruthu Pandian, Priscilla Mohanadoss, Nithya Dorairajan, M. Balaji, Aziz Mahoumd Taher
Abstract This paper has clarified the performance parameters estimation of high speed silicon/germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultrahigh speed optical communication system. The basic structure configuration of avalanche photodiode is clarified. The basic depletion region configuration schematic view is demonstrated. As well as the maximum electric field is indicated for impact ionization through avalanche photodiode in the presence of load. Various avalanche photo-detectors multiplication factor is clarified versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Different avalanche photo-detectors dark current is measured against avalanche photo-detectors volume at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors effective doping concentration is demonstrated against ambient temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus the ionization ratio at room temperature (T = 300 K) and different ambient temperature (T = 350 K and T = 400 K). Various avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is measured clearly versus the multiplication factor at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is clarified versus multiplication factor at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is studied versus temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is measured in relation to the temperature variations. Different avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to reverse bias voltage variations at room temperature.
摘要 本文阐明了超高速光通信系统中高速硅/锗/砷化镓雪崩光电二极管宽带能力的性能参数估算。阐明了雪崩光电二极管的基本结构构造。演示了基本耗尽区配置示意图。此外，还指出了在负载存在的情况下，通过雪崩光电二极管进行冲击电离的最大电场。阐明了室温下各种雪崩光电二极管的倍增因子与反向偏置电压的关系。在室温下测量不同雪崩光电二极管的暗电流与雪崩光电二极管体积的关系。各种雪崩光电探测器的有效掺杂浓度随环境温度变化而变化。在室温（T = 300 K）和不同环境温度（T = 350 K 和 T = 400 K）下，硅/Ge/InGaAsP 雪崩光电探测器的过量噪声系数与电离率的关系得到了证实。在室温下，各种雪崩光电探测器的过量噪声因数与倍增因数的关系被清晰地测量出来。在室温下，硅/Ge/InGaAsP 雪崩光电探测器的过量噪声系数与反向偏置电压的关系得到了证实。在室温下，Si/Ge/InGaAsP 雪崩光电探测器的噪声等效功率与倍增因子的关系清晰明了。研究了各种雪崩光电探测器的噪声等效功率与温度变化的关系。测量了硅/Ge/InGaAsP 雪崩光电探测器的灵敏度与温度变化的关系。在室温下，不同雪崩光电探测器的灵敏度与反向偏置电压的变化有关。
{"title":"Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system","authors":"Anitha Gopalan, Arumugam Krishnan Arulmozhi, Manimaraboopathy Maruthu Pandian, Priscilla Mohanadoss, Nithya Dorairajan, M. Balaji, Aziz Mahoumd Taher","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper has clarified the performance parameters estimation of high speed silicon/germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultrahigh speed optical communication system. The basic structure configuration of avalanche photodiode is clarified. The basic depletion region configuration schematic view is demonstrated. As well as the maximum electric field is indicated for impact ionization through avalanche photodiode in the presence of load. Various avalanche photo-detectors multiplication factor is clarified versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Different avalanche photo-detectors dark current is measured against avalanche photo-detectors volume at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors effective doping concentration is demonstrated against ambient temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus the ionization ratio at room temperature (T = 300 K) and different ambient temperature (T = 350 K and T = 400 K). Various avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is measured clearly versus the multiplication factor at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is clarified versus multiplication factor at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is studied versus temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is measured in relation to the temperature variations. Different avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to reverse bias voltage variations at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pushpendu Kanjilal, Arun Kumar, Soumitra Bhowmick, Jnaneshwar Pai Maroor, Aziz Nanthaamornphong
Abstract Due to its great spectral efficiency and resistance to multi-path fading, OFDM, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, is commonly utilized in optical communication systems. However, because of nonlinear distortions in optical components, OFDM signals are prone to a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which can severely impair bit error rate (BER) performance. This paper introduces a companding scheme to address high PAPR in optical OFDM systems and improve BER performance. The proposed scheme uses a nonlinear transformation to compress signal peaks and expand valleys, effectively reducing PAPR. Specifically, we investigate the µ-law companding technique, known for its simplicity and effectiveness in handling the active range of OFDM signals in optical communication. The companded signals are transmitted through an optical link and demodulated at the receiver. Simulation results show that the µ-law companding technique substantially reduces PAPR, leading to a significant improvement in BER performance. The companding process maintains signal integrity and spectral efficiency with minimal computational complexity and implementation cost. By mitigating nonlinearities introduced by optical components, this companding scheme enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of the optical OFDM system. An SNR gain of 2 dB–3 dB was achieved at a BER of 10−3.
{"title":"Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure","authors":"Pushpendu Kanjilal, Arun Kumar, Soumitra Bhowmick, Jnaneshwar Pai Maroor, Aziz Nanthaamornphong","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to its great spectral efficiency and resistance to multi-path fading, OFDM, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, is commonly utilized in optical communication systems. However, because of nonlinear distortions in optical components, OFDM signals are prone to a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which can severely impair bit error rate (BER) performance. This paper introduces a companding scheme to address high PAPR in optical OFDM systems and improve BER performance. The proposed scheme uses a nonlinear transformation to compress signal peaks and expand valleys, effectively reducing PAPR. Specifically, we investigate the µ-law companding technique, known for its simplicity and effectiveness in handling the active range of OFDM signals in optical communication. The companded signals are transmitted through an optical link and demodulated at the receiver. Simulation results show that the µ-law companding technique substantially reduces PAPR, leading to a significant improvement in BER performance. The companding process maintains signal integrity and spectral efficiency with minimal computational complexity and implementation cost. By mitigating nonlinearities introduced by optical components, this companding scheme enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of the optical OFDM system. An SNR gain of 2 dB–3 dB was achieved at a BER of 10−3.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. T. Prabu, Arumugam Krishnan Arulmozhi, Sreeja Vijay, Thulasi Bai Vijayan, Deepa Sivaraman, Merline Arulraj, Alaa Hosny Mahrous
Abstract This paper clarified the high thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of silicon light sources–based rate equation models in the optical fiber transmission systems. The laser diode and light emitting diode output power variations are measured with input injection current under various ambient temperature effects. The light source differential quantum efficiency is demonstrated for both LED and laser diode with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source external efficiency is clarified with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source total efficiency is measured with different injection input current and various temperature variations. As well as the laser diode and light emitting diode, threshold current variations are demonstrated clearly with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects. The laser diode and light emitting diode power dissipation variations are measured with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects.
{"title":"High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems","authors":"R. T. Prabu, Arumugam Krishnan Arulmozhi, Sreeja Vijay, Thulasi Bai Vijayan, Deepa Sivaraman, Merline Arulraj, Alaa Hosny Mahrous","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper clarified the high thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of silicon light sources–based rate equation models in the optical fiber transmission systems. The laser diode and light emitting diode output power variations are measured with input injection current under various ambient temperature effects. The light source differential quantum efficiency is demonstrated for both LED and laser diode with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source external efficiency is clarified with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source total efficiency is measured with different injection input current and various temperature variations. As well as the laser diode and light emitting diode, threshold current variations are demonstrated clearly with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects. The laser diode and light emitting diode power dissipation variations are measured with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Govindaraj Ramkumar, Vinodhini Rajasekaran, Deepa Sivaraman, Sivakumar Arumugam, H. Praveena, Samuda Prathima, Ahmed Ali Zahran
Abstract This paper has clarified comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in the fiber communication system. Total fiber dispersion is clarified versus distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. Besides, the total fiber dispersion is also demonstrated against the hole diameter in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. The total fiber confinement loss is studied and illustrated against the distance between holes in µm at the employment of various wavelength band transmission. Total fiber losses are demonstrated in relation to the distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system","authors":"Govindaraj Ramkumar, Vinodhini Rajasekaran, Deepa Sivaraman, Sivakumar Arumugam, H. Praveena, Samuda Prathima, Ahmed Ali Zahran","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper has clarified comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in the fiber communication system. Total fiber dispersion is clarified versus distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. Besides, the total fiber dispersion is also demonstrated against the hole diameter in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. The total fiber confinement loss is studied and illustrated against the distance between holes in µm at the employment of various wavelength band transmission. Total fiber losses are demonstrated in relation to the distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, we have reported radio over fiber system with 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation using dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier. The optimum choice of Mach–Zehnder modulator parameters has resulted into generation of signal lightwave and pump signal with frequency separation of 10fRF. Four wave mixing effect in semiconductor optical amplifier results into 30-tuple millimeter-wave signal. The proposed scheme is applicable to radio over fiber system with multiple base stations. The multiple number of frequencies such as 50 GHZ, 100 GHz, and 150 GHz have been generated using 5 GHz radio frequency only. NRZ data at 2.5 Gbps was modulated and successfully transmitted via optical fiber. The impact of injection current on the sideband ratio and BER is investigated. The proposed scheme confirms quality reception of demodulated signal at a transmission distance of 20 km.
{"title":"MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Deepak Kedia, Shelly Singla","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we have reported radio over fiber system with 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation using dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier. The optimum choice of Mach–Zehnder modulator parameters has resulted into generation of signal lightwave and pump signal with frequency separation of 10fRF. Four wave mixing effect in semiconductor optical amplifier results into 30-tuple millimeter-wave signal. The proposed scheme is applicable to radio over fiber system with multiple base stations. The multiple number of frequencies such as 50 GHZ, 100 GHz, and 150 GHz have been generated using 5 GHz radio frequency only. NRZ data at 2.5 Gbps was modulated and successfully transmitted via optical fiber. The impact of injection current on the sideband ratio and BER is investigated. The proposed scheme confirms quality reception of demodulated signal at a transmission distance of 20 km.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iqra Khalil, Kanza Noor, Farhan Qamar, Romana Shahzadi
This paper presents a novel approach of establishing a multichannel optical communication link, combining optical fiber cable (OFC) and free space optics (FSO) technology. By leveraging multiple lengths of optical fiber and FSO links, along with optical amplifiers to counteract attenuation, our proposed hybrid system incorporates four channels operating within the 1550 nm window. This model is specifically designed to address communication challenges in scenarios such as unplanned urban layouts, multistory buildings, or rugged terrains where traditional optical fiber deployment is impractical. By integrating FSO for the fronthaul and optical fiber for the backhaul, our system enhances transmission capacity, thereby supporting the requirements of next-generation networks and alleviating bottlenecks and connectivity issues at the last or first mile. This innovative approach holds promise for internet service providers, enterprises, and industrial networks operating in demanding environments. Furthermore, it can serve as a vital tool for restoring emergency communication links in the aftermath of disasters such as earthquakes or floods, where traditional wired optical infrastructure may be compromised.
{"title":"A hybrid approach combining OFC and FSO for multichannel connectivity","authors":"Iqra Khalil, Kanza Noor, Farhan Qamar, Romana Shahzadi","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a novel approach of establishing a multichannel optical communication link, combining optical fiber cable (OFC) and free space optics (FSO) technology. By leveraging multiple lengths of optical fiber and FSO links, along with optical amplifiers to counteract attenuation, our proposed hybrid system incorporates four channels operating within the 1550 nm window. This model is specifically designed to address communication challenges in scenarios such as unplanned urban layouts, multistory buildings, or rugged terrains where traditional optical fiber deployment is impractical. By integrating FSO for the fronthaul and optical fiber for the backhaul, our system enhances transmission capacity, thereby supporting the requirements of next-generation networks and alleviating bottlenecks and connectivity issues at the last or first mile. This innovative approach holds promise for internet service providers, enterprises, and industrial networks operating in demanding environments. Furthermore, it can serve as a vital tool for restoring emergency communication links in the aftermath of disasters such as earthquakes or floods, where traditional wired optical infrastructure may be compromised.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Free space optical communication (FSO) is a technique based on transmission of data by propagating the light in free space. FSO is inexpensive, providing high data rates, high capacity, high security, and low power and uses the license free frequency spectrum. Nevertheless, FSO is still facing many problems such as bad weather conditions, atmospheric turbulence, and multipath fading. In this research work, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) FSO system is analyzed for low to heavy rain fall intensities. Different rain rates have been considered for low, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and torrential rains. For all the rain rates, a direct detection OFDM–FSO system and a coherent detection system have been simulated and results are compared. Analysis has been done on the basis of SNR, received power, and constellation diagrams. According to these parameters, link length of both the systems for different rain rates was found. Coherent detection is applied to improve the system sensitivity compared to conventional direct detection. In tropical regions where heavy rainfall is the main reason for the degradation of the system, the OFDM system with coherent detection can perform better with high data rates. Second, over a 11 km FSO, a 4-QAM wireless signal is successfully transmitted under very heavy rainfall conditions. The distance achieved by moderate and heavy rains is 25 km and 15.5 km with an acceptable SNR of 25 dB and a system sensitivity (received power) of −65.1 dBm.
{"title":"Performance analysis of 4QAM-OFDM-FSO link under rain weather conditions","authors":"Saruchi Attri, Charu Madhu, Daljeet Kaur","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Free space optical communication (FSO) is a technique based on transmission of data by propagating the light in free space. FSO is inexpensive, providing high data rates, high capacity, high security, and low power and uses the license free frequency spectrum. Nevertheless, FSO is still facing many problems such as bad weather conditions, atmospheric turbulence, and multipath fading. In this research work, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) FSO system is analyzed for low to heavy rain fall intensities. Different rain rates have been considered for low, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and torrential rains. For all the rain rates, a direct detection OFDM–FSO system and a coherent detection system have been simulated and results are compared. Analysis has been done on the basis of SNR, received power, and constellation diagrams. According to these parameters, link length of both the systems for different rain rates was found. Coherent detection is applied to improve the system sensitivity compared to conventional direct detection. In tropical regions where heavy rainfall is the main reason for the degradation of the system, the OFDM system with coherent detection can perform better with high data rates. Second, over a 11 km FSO, a 4-QAM wireless signal is successfully transmitted under very heavy rainfall conditions. The distance achieved by moderate and heavy rains is 25 km and 15.5 km with an acceptable SNR of 25 dB and a system sensitivity (received power) of −65.1 dBm.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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