Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu, Chandran Ramesh Kumar, Perumal Kalpana Devi, Soman Shibu, Ata Kishore Kumar, Benisha Maria Xavier, Fawzya Kamel Mahmmoud
Abstract This work has clarified the high efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth. As well as the study of the base band signal to noise base band form ratios are clarified with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. Max Q form factor with EDFA amplifier base band length variations is also demonstrated. The optimum base band electrical signal form power is simulated with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. The simulative study of Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors performance evaluation are studied in the presence of the soliton transmission fiber systems. The dispersion management by the soliton technique to reach the value around zero. The max base band signal power form is clarified versus time based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. Total base band electrical power form based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors are demonstrated. Max signal base form power amplitude band is simulated with the spectral base band frequency based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. The max signal base form power amplitude band is studied versus time based Ge PIN photo-detectors.
{"title":"High efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth","authors":"Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu, Chandran Ramesh Kumar, Perumal Kalpana Devi, Soman Shibu, Ata Kishore Kumar, Benisha Maria Xavier, Fawzya Kamel Mahmmoud","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0276","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work has clarified the high efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth. As well as the study of the base band signal to noise base band form ratios are clarified with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. Max Q form factor with EDFA amplifier base band length variations is also demonstrated. The optimum base band electrical signal form power is simulated with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. The simulative study of Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors performance evaluation are studied in the presence of the soliton transmission fiber systems. The dispersion management by the soliton technique to reach the value around zero. The max base band signal power form is clarified versus time based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. Total base band electrical power form based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors are demonstrated. Max signal base form power amplitude band is simulated with the spectral base band frequency based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. The max signal base form power amplitude band is studied versus time based Ge PIN photo-detectors.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu, Chandran Ramesh Kumar, Soman Shibu, Charulatha Gopinathan, Benisha Maria Xavier, Shaik Hasane Ahammad, Aisha Abd Rahman Ahmed
Abstract This study demonstrates the line coding performance integrated with measured multimode index fibers and high speed spatial single mode laser sources. The line coding that are used are pulse amplitude modulation and non return to zero coding. Optimum lighted power form with the spectral base band form wavelength based on NRZ line coding is clarified. Optimum lighted form band power with the spectral base band form wavelength based on the PAM line coding is studied. The max lighted base power base band form variations with the time durations in the presence of NRZ line coding is simulated. Optimum lighted band form power with the time durations based on both PAM and NRZ line coding. Max electrical base band power form amplitude variations with time durations based on the NRZ line coding is clarified.
{"title":"Line coding performance integrated with measured multimode index fibers and high speed spatial single mode laser sources","authors":"Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu, Chandran Ramesh Kumar, Soman Shibu, Charulatha Gopinathan, Benisha Maria Xavier, Shaik Hasane Ahammad, Aisha Abd Rahman Ahmed","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study demonstrates the line coding performance integrated with measured multimode index fibers and high speed spatial single mode laser sources. The line coding that are used are pulse amplitude modulation and non return to zero coding. Optimum lighted power form with the spectral base band form wavelength based on NRZ line coding is clarified. Optimum lighted form band power with the spectral base band form wavelength based on the PAM line coding is studied. The max lighted base power base band form variations with the time durations in the presence of NRZ line coding is simulated. Optimum lighted band form power with the time durations based on both PAM and NRZ line coding. Max electrical base band power form amplitude variations with time durations based on the NRZ line coding is clarified.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sannia Bibi, Muhammad Iram Baig, Farhan Qamar, Romana Shahzadi
Abstract The demand for large bandwidth and high data rates in communication systems has become the main cause of the upgrade of traditional networks into free space optical (FSO) technology. FSO technology has gained significant popularity due to its easy deployment, high data rates, abundant bandwidth, enhanced security, and license-free spectrum utilization. However, the performance of FSO communication systems can be affected by certain limiting factors, such as changes in weather conditions during data transmission. To overcome these challenges and improve FSO performance, various modulation techniques are employed. This article presents a concise overview of the FSO communication system, highlighting different modulation techniques used to enhance its performance, as well as discussing its advantages, applications, and existing challenges. Some advanced modulation formats which are recently introduced in the field of FSO communication such as QPSK, DP-QPSK, QAM, and OFDM are also made part of this paper.
{"title":"A comprehensive survey of free-space optical communication – modulation schemes, advantages, challenges and mitigations","authors":"Sannia Bibi, Muhammad Iram Baig, Farhan Qamar, Romana Shahzadi","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The demand for large bandwidth and high data rates in communication systems has become the main cause of the upgrade of traditional networks into free space optical (FSO) technology. FSO technology has gained significant popularity due to its easy deployment, high data rates, abundant bandwidth, enhanced security, and license-free spectrum utilization. However, the performance of FSO communication systems can be affected by certain limiting factors, such as changes in weather conditions during data transmission. To overcome these challenges and improve FSO performance, various modulation techniques are employed. This article presents a concise overview of the FSO communication system, highlighting different modulation techniques used to enhance its performance, as well as discussing its advantages, applications, and existing challenges. Some advanced modulation formats which are recently introduced in the field of FSO communication such as QPSK, DP-QPSK, QAM, and OFDM are also made part of this paper.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article provides an overview of plasmonic nano-antennas for photonic applications. This paper delves into the theoretical analysis of nano/optical antennas, including optical antenna impedance, near and far field characteristics, and directivity. The materials used for manufacturing optical antennas are discussed in the context of terahertz communication. The comparative analysis of different types of fabrication techniques on the nanoscale is presented as a requirement for the implementation of nano-antennas. The testing mechanism of the nano-antenna using microscopy techniques is also presented. A detailed review of the different shapes of the nano-antennas that are used for applications in the field of photonics is discussed. According to this review article, graphene, gold, and silver are the most promising materials. It is also noticed that pen-dip and direct growth are fast and inexpensive techniques for nano-antenna fabrication.
{"title":"A review on design, development and characterization of plasmonic nano-antenna for photonic applications","authors":"Ashish Singh, Shekhara Kavitha, Veena Devi Shastrimath, Mahammad Aneesh","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides an overview of plasmonic nano-antennas for photonic applications. This paper delves into the theoretical analysis of nano/optical antennas, including optical antenna impedance, near and far field characteristics, and directivity. The materials used for manufacturing optical antennas are discussed in the context of terahertz communication. The comparative analysis of different types of fabrication techniques on the nanoscale is presented as a requirement for the implementation of nano-antennas. The testing mechanism of the nano-antenna using microscopy techniques is also presented. A detailed review of the different shapes of the nano-antennas that are used for applications in the field of photonics is discussed. According to this review article, graphene, gold, and silver are the most promising materials. It is also noticed that pen-dip and direct growth are fast and inexpensive techniques for nano-antenna fabrication.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The pursuit of ultra-low latency is a pivotal goal in advancing the capabilities of optical non-orthogonal multiple access sixth generation (O-NOMA-6G) waveforms. This study explores the application of maximum likelihood (ML) and expectation-maximization (EM) techniques to mitigate latency in optical communication systems. ML offers direct parameter estimation for rapid symbol detection, while EM addresses latency through iterative estimation of hidden variables and parameters. By leveraging the benefits of both techniques, this research proposes novel latency reduction approaches in optical 6G. The investigation encompasses theoretical analysis, simulation, and performance evaluation under Rician and Rayleigh channel conditions for different parameters such as bit error rate (BER), power spectral density (PSD) and peak to average power density (PSD). Simulation results demonstrate that ML and EM effectively reduce latency, and enable seamless integration of time-sensitive applications in optical 6G networks as compared with the conventional ML and ML methods. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into throughput and PSD enhancement contributing to the realization of ultra-responsive and O-NOMA 6G waveform.
{"title":"Reducing latency in optical 6G waveforms using joint detection and channel estimation techniques","authors":"Nishant Gaur","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pursuit of ultra-low latency is a pivotal goal in advancing the capabilities of optical non-orthogonal multiple access sixth generation (O-NOMA-6G) waveforms. This study explores the application of maximum likelihood (ML) and expectation-maximization (EM) techniques to mitigate latency in optical communication systems. ML offers direct parameter estimation for rapid symbol detection, while EM addresses latency through iterative estimation of hidden variables and parameters. By leveraging the benefits of both techniques, this research proposes novel latency reduction approaches in optical 6G. The investigation encompasses theoretical analysis, simulation, and performance evaluation under Rician and Rayleigh channel conditions for different parameters such as bit error rate (BER), power spectral density (PSD) and peak to average power density (PSD). Simulation results demonstrate that ML and EM effectively reduce latency, and enable seamless integration of time-sensitive applications in optical 6G networks as compared with the conventional ML and ML methods. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into throughput and PSD enhancement contributing to the realization of ultra-responsive and O-NOMA 6G waveform.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umar Fayyaz, Shahab Ahmad Niazi, Abdul Aziz, Abid Munir, Zulfiqar Ahmad
Abstract In this paper, we present the development of coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide (CPW-WG) transition for broadband millimetre wave applications. The traditional approach for interfacing of components in pure electronics is not possible to implement in micorwave photonics at high frequency range due to some limitations like rigidity and increased loss. In order to overcome this problem, transition structures are usually designed within the waveguide model through split block mechanism. The models developed so far are complex with minimum space of interconnects and less stable due to vertical placement of waveguide. The waveguide structure proposed in this paper is placed along horizontal direction due to which stability of structure is increased and has more space for interconnects. The transition model is designed using indium phosphide (InP) to increase the efficiency and reduce the propagation loss at high frequency range. The simulated design can operate over a bandwidth of 14 GHz with a return loss of 10 dB.
{"title":"Design of single-ended CPW to rectangular waveguide transition on InP at 300 GHz for 5G applications","authors":"Umar Fayyaz, Shahab Ahmad Niazi, Abdul Aziz, Abid Munir, Zulfiqar Ahmad","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we present the development of coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide (CPW-WG) transition for broadband millimetre wave applications. The traditional approach for interfacing of components in pure electronics is not possible to implement in micorwave photonics at high frequency range due to some limitations like rigidity and increased loss. In order to overcome this problem, transition structures are usually designed within the waveguide model through split block mechanism. The models developed so far are complex with minimum space of interconnects and less stable due to vertical placement of waveguide. The waveguide structure proposed in this paper is placed along horizontal direction due to which stability of structure is increased and has more space for interconnects. The transition model is designed using indium phosphide (InP) to increase the efficiency and reduce the propagation loss at high frequency range. The simulated design can operate over a bandwidth of 14 GHz with a return loss of 10 dB.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, the impact of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on system performance in coherent optical transmission assisted by optical phase conjugation (OPC) technique is numerically investigated for a 9-channel PM-4QAM system at 128Gbit/s. The OPC-aided transmission, amplified with lumped erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), is a variation of the conventional dispersion-managed link, which is also called dispersion-inverted link. We demonstrate that introducing more OPCs along the link can partly suppress the PMD-induced impairments and thus improve the system performance significantly. Results of 960-km dispersion-managed transmission show that PMD effect will cause a performance penalty of 1.8 dB when using mid-link OPC (i.e., only 1-OPC), while this penalty will decrease to about 0.4 dB when employing 6-OPCs along the link. Comparing with conventional digital back-propagation (DBP) technique, a performance improvement of about 3.1 dB is observed with multi-OPCs when fiber PMD is equal to 0.1ps/ km $sqrt{km}$ .
摘要本文以128Gbit/s速率的9通道PM-4QAM系统为研究对象，研究了偏振模色散(PMD)对光学相位共轭(OPC)技术辅助下相干光传输系统性能的影响。opc辅助传输采用集总掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)进行放大，是传统色散管理链路的一种变体，也称为色散反向链路。我们证明，在链路上引入更多的opc可以部分抑制pmd引起的损伤，从而显着提高系统性能。960公里色散管理传输的结果表明，当使用中间链路OPC(即仅使用1-OPC)时，PMD效应将导致1.8 dB的性能损失，而当沿链路使用6-OPC时，这种损失将减少到约0.4 dB。与传统的数字反向传播(DBP)技术相比，当光纤PMD = 0.1ps/ km $sqrt{km}$时，多opcs的性能提高了约3.1 dB。
{"title":"PMD tolerant transmission using multiple optical phase conjugators in the discretely amplified systems","authors":"Xiaogang Tong, Weiwei Cao, Junsheng Zhang, Haijian Liang","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the impact of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on system performance in coherent optical transmission assisted by optical phase conjugation (OPC) technique is numerically investigated for a 9-channel PM-4QAM system at 128Gbit/s. The OPC-aided transmission, amplified with lumped erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), is a variation of the conventional dispersion-managed link, which is also called dispersion-inverted link. We demonstrate that introducing more OPCs along the link can partly suppress the PMD-induced impairments and thus improve the system performance significantly. Results of 960-km dispersion-managed transmission show that PMD effect will cause a performance penalty of 1.8 dB when using mid-link OPC (i.e., only 1-OPC), while this penalty will decrease to about 0.4 dB when employing 6-OPCs along the link. Comparing with conventional digital back-propagation (DBP) technique, a performance improvement of about 3.1 dB is observed with multi-OPCs when fiber PMD is equal to 0.1ps/ <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:msqrt> <m:mrow> <m:mi>k</m:mi> <m:mi>m</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:msqrt> </m:math> $sqrt{km}$ .","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135044398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeinab H. Tantawy, Mohamed B. El Mashade, Ahmed A. Emran, Abdellatif I. M. Semeia
Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication link is highly weather dependent as the signal passes through the atmospheric channel. The main impairment is atmospheric turbulence, which introduces fading and breakdown the system performance. The performance of FSO link is evaluated in terms of attenuation and link length under different weather conditions. Taking a step further toward the improvement of FSO communication system, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is widely used in optical fiber in order to exploit the capacity of a fiber channel more efficiently. Additionally, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism represents one of the atmospheric mitigation techniques. Thus, integration of MIMO and WDM will provide astonishing results in FSO communication systems. This paper particularly focuses on analyzing the performance of FSO single input single output (FSO-SISO), FSO-WDM, FSO-MIMO, and FSO-WDM-MIMO systems considering different weather conditions. Performance of the different systems has also been compared in terms of received signal power, the quality factor, the bit error rate, and the maximum separation between the transmitter and the receiver for a given received signal level and for various atmospheric conditions. Our results show that increasing the transmitted power and receiver aperture diameter will improve the performance of the system under heavy fog and dense fog.
{"title":"On the performance of FSO communication system with WDM and MIMO structure under different turbulent atmospheric conditions","authors":"Zeinab H. Tantawy, Mohamed B. El Mashade, Ahmed A. Emran, Abdellatif I. M. Semeia","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication link is highly weather dependent as the signal passes through the atmospheric channel. The main impairment is atmospheric turbulence, which introduces fading and breakdown the system performance. The performance of FSO link is evaluated in terms of attenuation and link length under different weather conditions. Taking a step further toward the improvement of FSO communication system, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is widely used in optical fiber in order to exploit the capacity of a fiber channel more efficiently. Additionally, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism represents one of the atmospheric mitigation techniques. Thus, integration of MIMO and WDM will provide astonishing results in FSO communication systems. This paper particularly focuses on analyzing the performance of FSO single input single output (FSO-SISO), FSO-WDM, FSO-MIMO, and FSO-WDM-MIMO systems considering different weather conditions. Performance of the different systems has also been compared in terms of received signal power, the quality factor, the bit error rate, and the maximum separation between the transmitter and the receiver for a given received signal level and for various atmospheric conditions. Our results show that increasing the transmitted power and receiver aperture diameter will improve the performance of the system under heavy fog and dense fog.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135303485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We report the theoretical prediction of the coupling optics involving a laser diode and photonic crystal fiber which contains on its tip cylindrical microlens. The analysis is based on relevant ABCD matrix formalism. Though photonic crystal fiber has very large single-mode region, we carry on the investigation for two commonly used wavelengths such as 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm. For the particular kind of photonic crystal having specific value of air filling ratio and hole pitch, we have optimized the distance of laser diode from the microlens in order to get maximum value of coupling efficiency for each value of radius of cylindrical microlens. Incidentally, we have got here maximum coupling efficiency to the extent of 86.99 % at the wavelength 1.3 µm when the radius of the cylindrical microlens is 8.5 µm and effective spot size of the fiber is 4.433909 µm. Further, the maximum efficiency becomes 91.78 % at 1.3 µm when the radius of the cylindrical microlens is 4.0 µm and effective spot size of the fiber is 1.859907 µm. It has been shown that wavelength 1.5 µm is not so coupling efficient like 1.3 µm. Moreover, it has been shown that with same set of relevant parameters, PCF is more coupling efficient compared to ordinary graded index fiber. Thus the present work generates scope for varying different photonic crystal fiber parameters and the wavelengths of source as well for enhancing the coupling efficiency. Accordingly, the present analysis will be extremely helpful for design of efficient coupler of this kind.
{"title":"Coupling of laser diode with cylindrical microlens fabricated on the tip of single-mode photonic crystal fiber: prediction of coupling optics by ABCD matrix","authors":"Angshuman Majumdar, Sankar Gangopadhyay","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the theoretical prediction of the coupling optics involving a laser diode and photonic crystal fiber which contains on its tip cylindrical microlens. The analysis is based on relevant ABCD matrix formalism. Though photonic crystal fiber has very large single-mode region, we carry on the investigation for two commonly used wavelengths such as 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm. For the particular kind of photonic crystal having specific value of air filling ratio and hole pitch, we have optimized the distance of laser diode from the microlens in order to get maximum value of coupling efficiency for each value of radius of cylindrical microlens. Incidentally, we have got here maximum coupling efficiency to the extent of 86.99 % at the wavelength 1.3 µm when the radius of the cylindrical microlens is 8.5 µm and effective spot size of the fiber is 4.433909 µm. Further, the maximum efficiency becomes 91.78 % at 1.3 µm when the radius of the cylindrical microlens is 4.0 µm and effective spot size of the fiber is 1.859907 µm. It has been shown that wavelength 1.5 µm is not so coupling efficient like 1.3 µm. Moreover, it has been shown that with same set of relevant parameters, PCF is more coupling efficient compared to ordinary graded index fiber. Thus the present work generates scope for varying different photonic crystal fiber parameters and the wavelengths of source as well for enhancing the coupling efficiency. Accordingly, the present analysis will be extremely helpful for design of efficient coupler of this kind.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135791518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1515/joc-2023-frontmatter4
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/joc-2023-frontmatter4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-frontmatter4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135607168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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