Noor Wisam Sabri, Firas S. Mohammed, Asmaa A. Abdul Razaq
In this paper, two wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based free space optical (FSO) systems (single, multiple) are proposed and their performance is compared on the basis of Q-factor, eye opening diagrams and the total power of the received signal for different link distances under effect of oil fire smoke. The obtained results illustrate that the values of WDM single FSO of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance based on (Q-factor ≥ 6), but it was out of line performance at (2 km) FSO distance. The values of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance. On the other hand, the results of the FSO distance (2 km) indicate poor performance without signal loss. The presented results show that the eye opening for all the power values of (1 km) distance for both systems. Moreover, the eye opened only at the highest power value of (2 km) distance for single FSO systems. The eye opened partially at the lowest power of (2 km) distance and became fully opened at the mid-point and highest power values for multiple FSO systems. Thus, the proposed MIMO-FSO systems with multiplexes multiple optical carriers WDM demonstrates better results than SISO-FSO systems with WDM and the well knowing systems under similar atmospheric conditions.
{"title":"Wavelength division multiplexing of free space optical system under the effect of oil fire smoke","authors":"Noor Wisam Sabri, Firas S. Mohammed, Asmaa A. Abdul Razaq","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, two wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based free space optical (FSO) systems (single, multiple) are proposed and their performance is compared on the basis of Q-factor, eye opening diagrams and the total power of the received signal for different link distances under effect of oil fire smoke. The obtained results illustrate that the values of WDM single FSO of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance based on (Q-factor ≥ 6), but it was out of line performance at (2 km) FSO distance. The values of (1 km) distance exhibit good performance. On the other hand, the results of the FSO distance (2 km) indicate poor performance without signal loss. The presented results show that the eye opening for all the power values of (1 km) distance for both systems. Moreover, the eye opened only at the highest power value of (2 km) distance for single FSO systems. The eye opened partially at the lowest power of (2 km) distance and became fully opened at the mid-point and highest power values for multiple FSO systems. Thus, the proposed MIMO-FSO systems with multiplexes multiple optical carriers WDM demonstrates better results than SISO-FSO systems with WDM and the well knowing systems under similar atmospheric conditions.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we consider a hybrid free space optics/visible light communication (FSO/VLC) system having three nodes, where there is no line of sight communication possible between the source node and the destination node and the communication between these two nodes take place with the help of an amplify and forward relay which acts as an intermediate node. The source to relay link is an FSO link modelled by Gamma–Gamma fading distributions and the relay to destination is considered as VLC link. We derive the statistical characteristics of system signal to noise ratio at the destination in terms of moment generating function, closed form expression of end to end outage probability as well as bit error probability of the proposed hybrid system. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of varying various parameters of both the links, on outage probability as well as on bit error probability of the proposed system.
{"title":"Performance analysis of variable-gain amplify and forward relayed hybrid FSO/VLC communication system","authors":"Kamna Sharma, Mona Aggarwal, Pooja Sabherwal","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we consider a hybrid free space optics/visible light communication (FSO/VLC) system having three nodes, where there is no line of sight communication possible between the source node and the destination node and the communication between these two nodes take place with the help of an amplify and forward relay which acts as an intermediate node. The source to relay link is an FSO link modelled by Gamma–Gamma fading distributions and the relay to destination is considered as VLC link. We derive the statistical characteristics of system signal to noise ratio at the destination in terms of moment generating function, closed form expression of end to end outage probability as well as bit error probability of the proposed hybrid system. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of varying various parameters of both the links, on outage probability as well as on bit error probability of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research delves into the optimization of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) within free space optical (FSO) communication systems, aiming to enhance the system’s resilience against atmospheric disruptions. FSO communication, known for its high bandwidth capabilities in unlicensed frequency bands, often encounters reliability issues due to weather-related signal degradation. By integrating a novel WDM-FSO approach, this study seeks to extend the operational range by using switching technique, thereby ensuring consistent and reliable communication. The introduction of a sophisticated switching and fork mechanism is pivotal in this context, facilitating dynamic signal routing and the strategic placement of optical amplifiers to counteract the impact of weather fluctuations and geographical challenges on signal integrity. This system, engineered to support a data transmission rate of 25 Gbps, caters to the needs of applications requiring high bandwidth. Through rigorous performance evaluation based on the Q-factor and BER under various atmospheric conditions, the effectiveness of the WDM-FSO system is demonstrated. The findings are detailed through graphs and tables, providing a comprehensive understanding of the system’s performance. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of wireless optical communication by presenting an optimized WDM-FSO system capable of overcoming weather-related obstacles especially at places where weather conditions are changed very frequently, marking a step forward in establishing more reliable FSO communication networks.
{"title":"Mitigating attenuation effects in free-space optics using WDM under variable atmospheric conditions","authors":"Dhrumi Chaudhari, Sandeep Rajput","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research delves into the optimization of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) within free space optical (FSO) communication systems, aiming to enhance the system’s resilience against atmospheric disruptions. FSO communication, known for its high bandwidth capabilities in unlicensed frequency bands, often encounters reliability issues due to weather-related signal degradation. By integrating a novel WDM-FSO approach, this study seeks to extend the operational range by using switching technique, thereby ensuring consistent and reliable communication. The introduction of a sophisticated switching and fork mechanism is pivotal in this context, facilitating dynamic signal routing and the strategic placement of optical amplifiers to counteract the impact of weather fluctuations and geographical challenges on signal integrity. This system, engineered to support a data transmission rate of 25 Gbps, caters to the needs of applications requiring high bandwidth. Through rigorous performance evaluation based on the Q-factor and BER under various atmospheric conditions, the effectiveness of the WDM-FSO system is demonstrated. The findings are detailed through graphs and tables, providing a comprehensive understanding of the system’s performance. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of wireless optical communication by presenting an optimized WDM-FSO system capable of overcoming weather-related obstacles especially at places where weather conditions are changed very frequently, marking a step forward in establishing more reliable FSO communication networks.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. T. Prabu, Judy Simon, N. Kapileswar, Dasari Naga Vinod, P. K. Polasi, Hazem Hazem Ali Emam
This study has clarified the four-wave mixing, average amplified spontaneous emission, and channel spacing effects on the optical transceiver systems based on multipumped Raman amplifiers. The employed spectral width is applied in the fiber core from 1450 nm to 1650 nm through the subgroups in the fiber link. The optical loss and fiber dispersion effects are demonstrated with the spectral wavelength band with different pumping levels. The optical loss is clarified in relation to different laser pumping levels and different number of links per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. As well as the dispersion factor is demonstrated in relation to different laser pumping levels and different number of links per fiber core channel at 1300 nm. Extended fiber length, amplifier gain, and repeater spacing are clarified with different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. The data rate transmission is studied against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at both 1550 nm and 1300 nm. The optimum fiber coupled power is demonstrated against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. The fiber coupling efficiency is studied and demonstrated against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm.
{"title":"Four wave mixing, average amplified spontaneous emission, and channel spacing effects on the optical transceiver systems based on multi pumped Raman amplifiers","authors":"R. T. Prabu, Judy Simon, N. Kapileswar, Dasari Naga Vinod, P. K. Polasi, Hazem Hazem Ali Emam","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study has clarified the four-wave mixing, average amplified spontaneous emission, and channel spacing effects on the optical transceiver systems based on multipumped Raman amplifiers. The employed spectral width is applied in the fiber core from 1450 nm to 1650 nm through the subgroups in the fiber link. The optical loss and fiber dispersion effects are demonstrated with the spectral wavelength band with different pumping levels. The optical loss is clarified in relation to different laser pumping levels and different number of links per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. As well as the dispersion factor is demonstrated in relation to different laser pumping levels and different number of links per fiber core channel at 1300 nm. Extended fiber length, amplifier gain, and repeater spacing are clarified with different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. The data rate transmission is studied against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at both 1550 nm and 1300 nm. The optimum fiber coupled power is demonstrated against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm. The fiber coupling efficiency is studied and demonstrated against different laser pumping levels and different number of links variations per fiber core channel at 1550 nm.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper demonstrated the dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme based on effective distributed inline light fiber Raman amplifier configuration. Various forward/backward and bidirectional pumping power configurations are studied versus fiber reach. Output light signal power is demonstrated against fiber reach without Raman amplification technique. Output light signal power in the forward Raman amplification scheme is clarified with pumping power of both 500 mW and 700 mW in various fiber channel configurations. As well as output light signal power in the backward Raman amplification scheme with pumping power of both 500 mW and 700 mW in various fiber channel configurations. Amplification Raman gain parameter coefficient is demonstrated with various values of pumping power pump based on various fiber channel configurations. Backward amplification net parameter gain is studied for different single mode/true wave/freelight fibers channel configuration at different both pumping power values and fiber reach. As well as the forward amplification net parameter gain is clarified for different single mode/true wave/freelight fibers channel configuration at different both pumping power values and fiber reach.
{"title":"Dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme based on effective distributed inline light fiber Raman amplifier configuration","authors":"Govindaraj Ramkumar, P. Devi, Vinodhini Shankar, Sivaraman Pandarinathan, Rajinikanth Eshwar, Binu Sukumar, Omar Karem Omran","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper demonstrated the dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme based on effective distributed inline light fiber Raman amplifier configuration. Various forward/backward and bidirectional pumping power configurations are studied versus fiber reach. Output light signal power is demonstrated against fiber reach without Raman amplification technique. Output light signal power in the forward Raman amplification scheme is clarified with pumping power of both 500 mW and 700 mW in various fiber channel configurations. As well as output light signal power in the backward Raman amplification scheme with pumping power of both 500 mW and 700 mW in various fiber channel configurations. Amplification Raman gain parameter coefficient is demonstrated with various values of pumping power pump based on various fiber channel configurations. Backward amplification net parameter gain is studied for different single mode/true wave/freelight fibers channel configuration at different both pumping power values and fiber reach. As well as the forward amplification net parameter gain is clarified for different single mode/true wave/freelight fibers channel configuration at different both pumping power values and fiber reach.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing need for high data rates and low latency in optical communication networks necessitates innovative solution for system efficiency enhancements. With the persistent increase in data demand and the emergence of diverse applications in 5G networks, minimizing the backhaul-effect while maintaining optimal cell sizes has become a formidable obstacle. Existing methods are incapable of achieving a comprehensive optimization of network parameters, resulting in degraded performance metrics. To address these constraints, our proposed approach integrates optical communication infrastructure into IDMBOC systems which maximizes backhaul-effect and preserves optimal cell sizes. This work is primarily motivated by the need to improve the efficiency and quality of 5G networks in the face of rising data traffic. Existing methods frequently struggle to optimize concurrently multiple 5G network aspects, such as carrier aggregation, dynamic spectrum sharing, packet prioritization, network function virtualization, frequency planning, HetNets deployments, and network slicing process. As a result, these methods are incapable of delivering robust and scalable solutions. To solve these issues, we present an Iterative dual metaheuristic method that combines ant lion optimization (ALO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) in a synergistic manner for 5G deployments. The proposed method is functionally superior to existing models. By capitalizing on the strengths of both ALO and GWO, our approach achieves superior performance metrics in comparison to recently proposed methods for maximizing backhaul-effect and maintaining optimal cell sizes. The preliminary results reveal a remarkable 8.3 % reduction in bit error rate (BER), 4.9 % reduction in energy consumption, 8.5 % increase in throughput, and 4.5 % reduction in communication delay. The achieved results demonstrate the revolutionary potential of our 5G network optimization approach and pave the way for future research and advancements in the field for different scenarios. These enhancements will revolutionize optical communication networks in order to accommodate the requirements of 5G, IoT, and other contemporary applications.
{"title":"Optical communication enhanced IDMBOC for maximizing backhaul-effect & maintaining optimum cell sizes","authors":"K. Mankar, S. Varade","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increasing need for high data rates and low latency in optical communication networks necessitates innovative solution for system efficiency enhancements. With the persistent increase in data demand and the emergence of diverse applications in 5G networks, minimizing the backhaul-effect while maintaining optimal cell sizes has become a formidable obstacle. Existing methods are incapable of achieving a comprehensive optimization of network parameters, resulting in degraded performance metrics. To address these constraints, our proposed approach integrates optical communication infrastructure into IDMBOC systems which maximizes backhaul-effect and preserves optimal cell sizes. This work is primarily motivated by the need to improve the efficiency and quality of 5G networks in the face of rising data traffic. Existing methods frequently struggle to optimize concurrently multiple 5G network aspects, such as carrier aggregation, dynamic spectrum sharing, packet prioritization, network function virtualization, frequency planning, HetNets deployments, and network slicing process. As a result, these methods are incapable of delivering robust and scalable solutions. To solve these issues, we present an Iterative dual metaheuristic method that combines ant lion optimization (ALO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) in a synergistic manner for 5G deployments. The proposed method is functionally superior to existing models. By capitalizing on the strengths of both ALO and GWO, our approach achieves superior performance metrics in comparison to recently proposed methods for maximizing backhaul-effect and maintaining optimal cell sizes. The preliminary results reveal a remarkable 8.3 % reduction in bit error rate (BER), 4.9 % reduction in energy consumption, 8.5 % increase in throughput, and 4.5 % reduction in communication delay. The achieved results demonstrate the revolutionary potential of our 5G network optimization approach and pave the way for future research and advancements in the field for different scenarios. These enhancements will revolutionize optical communication networks in order to accommodate the requirements of 5G, IoT, and other contemporary applications.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anitha Gopalan, Judy Simon, Thoti Hemalatha, V. N. Mandhala, Nalini Neelamegam, Binu Sukumar, Faten Kamel Madian
This paper has clarified comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers with ultrawide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers. Different amplifiers gain is demonstrated versus system distance for different light amplifiers in highly nonlinear fiber channel. As well as amplifier gain is clarified against system distance for different light amplifiers in DCF, DSF and NZDSF fiber channel. The mechanism of generation of single idler signal is studied based on single signal and pump signal. Moreover the mechanism of generation of single idler signal is analyzed and investigated clearly based on signal and two pump signals. Amplifier bandwidth is demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. The map of the signal losses is discussed and clarified versus wavelength band in the presence of all amplification techniques. Light signal per noise ratio and bit error rates are demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. POA is more suitable for the operation in HNLF fiber channel in compared to other proposed fiber communication channels. All optical amplifiers operation performance gain efficiency is compared together in different fiber channel media. The system can be employed with POAs for the fiber reach up to 100 km distance with a suitable amplifier gain and bandwidth. An important criteria for any amplifier is its gain and bandwidth for the compensation of the system loss and dispersion together. The optimum suitable pumping power is clarified for upgrade the system amplifier performance signature.
{"title":"Comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers (POAs) with ultra wide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers","authors":"Anitha Gopalan, Judy Simon, Thoti Hemalatha, V. N. Mandhala, Nalini Neelamegam, Binu Sukumar, Faten Kamel Madian","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper has clarified comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers with ultrawide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers. Different amplifiers gain is demonstrated versus system distance for different light amplifiers in highly nonlinear fiber channel. As well as amplifier gain is clarified against system distance for different light amplifiers in DCF, DSF and NZDSF fiber channel. The mechanism of generation of single idler signal is studied based on single signal and pump signal. Moreover the mechanism of generation of single idler signal is analyzed and investigated clearly based on signal and two pump signals. Amplifier bandwidth is demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. The map of the signal losses is discussed and clarified versus wavelength band in the presence of all amplification techniques. Light signal per noise ratio and bit error rates are demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. POA is more suitable for the operation in HNLF fiber channel in compared to other proposed fiber communication channels. All optical amplifiers operation performance gain efficiency is compared together in different fiber channel media. The system can be employed with POAs for the fiber reach up to 100 km distance with a suitable amplifier gain and bandwidth. An important criteria for any amplifier is its gain and bandwidth for the compensation of the system loss and dispersion together. The optimum suitable pumping power is clarified for upgrade the system amplifier performance signature.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes a wideband supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the mid-infrared range using a chalcogenide multi-material microstructured fiber design with significant non-linearity under optical communication. The fiber has a single core of As2Se3 and three rings of As2S5 rods arranged in hexagonal pattern in the AsSe2 cladding region. The reported PCF design has effective area and nonlinear coefficients as 59.4174 μm2 and 219.36 W−1 km−1 respectively at 5.3 μm pump wavelength. Additionally, it has a chromatic dispersion profile that is nearly zero and flattened over a large wavelength range of 5–15 µm, which is advantageous for broadband supercontinuum spectrum in the mid-infrared region. Specifically, with pulse width and pulse peak power of 200 fs and 10 kW, respectively, for a 100 mm fibre length, this research work illustrates the SCG that expands from 1000 nm to over 15,000 nm. These extremely nonlinear PCFs are robust contenders for applications that are nonlinear in nature, such as the generation of slow-light and supercontinuum.
{"title":"Investigation of hybrid chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for MIR supercontinuum generation and optical communication","authors":"Sandeep Kumar Jain, Mohit Kumar Sharma, S. Vyas","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study describes a wideband supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the mid-infrared range using a chalcogenide multi-material microstructured fiber design with significant non-linearity under optical communication. The fiber has a single core of As2Se3 and three rings of As2S5 rods arranged in hexagonal pattern in the AsSe2 cladding region. The reported PCF design has effective area and nonlinear coefficients as 59.4174 μm2 and 219.36 W−1 km−1 respectively at 5.3 μm pump wavelength. Additionally, it has a chromatic dispersion profile that is nearly zero and flattened over a large wavelength range of 5–15 µm, which is advantageous for broadband supercontinuum spectrum in the mid-infrared region. Specifically, with pulse width and pulse peak power of 200 fs and 10 kW, respectively, for a 100 mm fibre length, this research work illustrates the SCG that expands from 1000 nm to over 15,000 nm. These extremely nonlinear PCFs are robust contenders for applications that are nonlinear in nature, such as the generation of slow-light and supercontinuum.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread application of AI with high computing requirements has driven the rapid development of the computing field. Computing Power Networks (CPNs) have been recognized as solutions to providing on-demand computing services, and its service provisioning can be modeled as a network slicing deployment problem. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) offer the flexibility to allocate spectrum resources, making them well-suited for network slicing technology. Consequently, EON-based CPNs have attracted considerable attention. However, the unbalanced distribution of computing resources leads to inefficient computing resource utilization. Meanwhile, spectrum resources may be isolated and difficult for other services. This phenomenon is known as spectrum fragmentation, leading to inefficient spectrum resource utilization. To achieve balanced and efficient resource utilization, this paper first analyzes the main reasons for load unbalance and spectrum fragmentation in CPNs: mismatched slicing deployment and inappropriate resource scheduling. Therefore, a dynamic network slicing scheme based on traffic prediction (DNS-TP) is designed. Its core highlight is cooperative optimization slicing deployment and resource scheduling based on spectrum fragmentation awareness. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the network slicing acceptance ratio, computing and spectrum resource utilization while exhibiting strong performance in resource balancing.
{"title":"Spectrum fragmentation-aware dynamic network slicing deployment in computing power networks based on elastic optical networks","authors":"Laiming Wang, Haojie Zhang, Lei Li, Danping Ren, Jinhua Hu, Jijun Zhao","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The widespread application of AI with high computing requirements has driven the rapid development of the computing field. Computing Power Networks (CPNs) have been recognized as solutions to providing on-demand computing services, and its service provisioning can be modeled as a network slicing deployment problem. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) offer the flexibility to allocate spectrum resources, making them well-suited for network slicing technology. Consequently, EON-based CPNs have attracted considerable attention. However, the unbalanced distribution of computing resources leads to inefficient computing resource utilization. Meanwhile, spectrum resources may be isolated and difficult for other services. This phenomenon is known as spectrum fragmentation, leading to inefficient spectrum resource utilization. To achieve balanced and efficient resource utilization, this paper first analyzes the main reasons for load unbalance and spectrum fragmentation in CPNs: mismatched slicing deployment and inappropriate resource scheduling. Therefore, a dynamic network slicing scheme based on traffic prediction (DNS-TP) is designed. Its core highlight is cooperative optimization slicing deployment and resource scheduling based on spectrum fragmentation awareness. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the network slicing acceptance ratio, computing and spectrum resource utilization while exhibiting strong performance in resource balancing.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mithun Maity, Angshuman Majumdar, Ramkrishna Rakshit, S. Gangopadhyay
This article contains theoretical investigation of the performance of the coupler comprising laser diode and mono-mode circular core triangular index fiber (TIF), which contains on its tip an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens (UDTHM). Here, we take care of probable angular and transverse mismatches. In our derivation, we use the refractive index distribution in the tapering area, the ray equation, and the relation involving refraction by hyperbolic microlens. We report analytical formulation of coupling efficiencies in the presence of specified types of misalignments using a relevant ABCD refraction matrix for a UDTHM in the vertical plane. In the fields of lasers and fibers, we use Gaussian field distribution in our analysis. Our research is based on two widely employed wavelengths, 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm. In this study, we used three TIF with V numbers of 4.380, 3.511, and 1.924, respectively. Little computation is required to execute the prescribed formulations. This study surfaces the sensitivity of the coupler in presence of the aforementioned types of offsets. The found results will prove valuable to manufacturers working in the domain of UDTHM.
{"title":"The effect of misalignment on the coupling optics involving laser diode and single-mode triangular index fiber with an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens on its tip","authors":"Mithun Maity, Angshuman Majumdar, Ramkrishna Rakshit, S. Gangopadhyay","doi":"10.1515/joc-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article contains theoretical investigation of the performance of the coupler comprising laser diode and mono-mode circular core triangular index fiber (TIF), which contains on its tip an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens (UDTHM). Here, we take care of probable angular and transverse mismatches. In our derivation, we use the refractive index distribution in the tapering area, the ray equation, and the relation involving refraction by hyperbolic microlens. We report analytical formulation of coupling efficiencies in the presence of specified types of misalignments using a relevant ABCD refraction matrix for a UDTHM in the vertical plane. In the fields of lasers and fibers, we use Gaussian field distribution in our analysis. Our research is based on two widely employed wavelengths, 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm. In this study, we used three TIF with V numbers of 4.380, 3.511, and 1.924, respectively. Little computation is required to execute the prescribed formulations. This study surfaces the sensitivity of the coupler in presence of the aforementioned types of offsets. The found results will prove valuable to manufacturers working in the domain of UDTHM.","PeriodicalId":16675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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