Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-2
Ye. А. Tkachova, M. Fedorchuk, O. Kovalenko
The need for phytoremediation prompts the introduction of plants into the culture, which will not only have several directions of use of the obtained raw materials, but also contribute to the improvement of the soil and be a good precursor for the further successful cultivation of the following agricultural crops. It is known that essential oil crops activate the development of beneficial microbiota and prevent soil fatigue. The article presents the results of research on the allelopathic activity of plant parts of medicinal hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) of the Marquis variety, taking into account age characteristics under conditions of climate change in Southern Ukraine. The aim of the work was to reveal the influence of allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and flowers of hyssop, soil in the rhizosphere zone and plant age on the growth of watercress roots. In the research process, empirical methods were used, in particular, an experiment. As a result of research carried out with the medicinal hyssop culture of the first, second and third years of vegetation on the basis of the experimental field of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University during 2019-2021, the optimal concentration of water extracts of the culture with a stimulating effect was found. The dependence of the allelopathic activity of water-soluble biologically active substances of aerial organs of medicinal hyssop plants is shown, and the concentration of the solution, which causes an inhibitory effect, is revealed. Thus, the highest allelopathic activity was noted on the variant using hyssop flowers of medicinal plants of the second year of vegetation in a concentration of 1:10. Aqueous solutions of the soil layer of the root system where medicinal hyssop plants grew in the third year of vegetation have an inhibitory effect on the linear growth of watercress roots. It was the largest in the leaf + stem variant at a concentration of the aqueous solution of 1:10. This suggests that it is necessary to use the culture of medicinal hyssop in crop rotation carefully taking into account its ontogenesis features. The obtained results will have practical application in enterprises of various forms of ownership that will have the desire to grow medicinal hyssop and use it in the structure of crop rotation
{"title":"Allelopathic activity of plants Hyssopus officinalis L.","authors":"Ye. А. Tkachova, M. Fedorchuk, O. Kovalenko","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-2","url":null,"abstract":"The need for phytoremediation prompts the introduction of plants into the culture, which will not only have several directions of use of the obtained raw materials, but also contribute to the improvement of the soil and be a good precursor for the further successful cultivation of the following agricultural crops. It is known that essential oil crops activate the development of beneficial microbiota and prevent soil fatigue. The article presents the results of research on the allelopathic activity of plant parts of medicinal hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) of the Marquis variety, taking into account age characteristics under conditions of climate change in Southern Ukraine. The aim of the work was to reveal the influence of allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and flowers of hyssop, soil in the rhizosphere zone and plant age on the growth of watercress roots. In the research process, empirical methods were used, in particular, an experiment. As a result of research carried out with the medicinal hyssop culture of the first, second and third years of vegetation on the basis of the experimental field of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University during 2019-2021, the optimal concentration of water extracts of the culture with a stimulating effect was found. The dependence of the allelopathic activity of water-soluble biologically active substances of aerial organs of medicinal hyssop plants is shown, and the concentration of the solution, which causes an inhibitory effect, is revealed. Thus, the highest allelopathic activity was noted on the variant using hyssop flowers of medicinal plants of the second year of vegetation in a concentration of 1:10. Aqueous solutions of the soil layer of the root system where medicinal hyssop plants grew in the third year of vegetation have an inhibitory effect on the linear growth of watercress roots. It was the largest in the leaf + stem variant at a concentration of the aqueous solution of 1:10. This suggests that it is necessary to use the culture of medicinal hyssop in crop rotation carefully taking into account its ontogenesis features. The obtained results will have practical application in enterprises of various forms of ownership that will have the desire to grow medicinal hyssop and use it in the structure of crop rotation","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122148149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-7
I. Shevchenko, N. Nikonchuk
In modern conditions of water scarcity, the research of the energy evaluation of different modes of drip irrigation to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources, their effective use on irrigated grape plantations cultivated on the sandy chernozems of the left bank of the Lower Dnieper, where only irrigation is the guarantee of annual, constant high yield of vineyards. The purpose of the research was to study the energy efficiency of grape drip irrigation regimes, determine the volume and structure of resource costs, and the level of their payback. Field and comparative-calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. The paper presents the results of research on the energy efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grape plantations. It is established that maintaining an unhindered moisture supply to plants during the growing season is achieved by an additional cost of 9.29 GJ/ha of anthropogenic energy. A more economical regime of humidity of the active soil layer during the growing season reduces energy costs to 5.2-7.7 GJ/ha. The structure of additional energy costs, regardless of the irrigation regime of plantings, is dominated by the energy of irrigation water - 80% and energy carriers - 18 %. The practical significance of the research is to conduct an energy assessment of different modes of drip irrigation of grapes to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources and their efficient use
{"title":"Bioenergetic efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grapes","authors":"I. Shevchenko, N. Nikonchuk","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-7","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions of water scarcity, the research of the energy evaluation of different modes of drip irrigation to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources, their effective use on irrigated grape plantations cultivated on the sandy chernozems of the left bank of the Lower Dnieper, where only irrigation is the guarantee of annual, constant high yield of vineyards. The purpose of the research was to study the energy efficiency of grape drip irrigation regimes, determine the volume and structure of resource costs, and the level of their payback. Field and comparative-calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. The paper presents the results of research on the energy efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grape plantations. It is established that maintaining an unhindered moisture supply to plants during the growing season is achieved by an additional cost of 9.29 GJ/ha of anthropogenic energy. A more economical regime of humidity of the active soil layer during the growing season reduces energy costs to 5.2-7.7 GJ/ha. The structure of additional energy costs, regardless of the irrigation regime of plantings, is dominated by the energy of irrigation water - 80% and energy carriers - 18 %. The practical significance of the research is to conduct an energy assessment of different modes of drip irrigation of grapes to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources and their efficient use","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116437400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-8
A. Adamovics, Rihards Berkis, Lidia Antipova
The relevance of the topic is due to the need to optimize the nutrition of winter rape (Brassica napus L.), including the use of non-traditional fertilizers, taking into account the limited amount of low-cost mineral fats. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of a mixture of production by-products (wood ash and digestate) on the yield and quality of winter rapeseed. Field experiments were conducted at the "Peterlauki" research farm (Latvia). In agriculture, both wood ash and biomass digestate are used separately as materials for liming and fertilizers, while a high-quality fertilizer can be obtained from their mixture. The authors evaluated mixtures of cattle manure digestate and wood ash in different ratios. Analyzes from the groups of systemic, statistical and comparative were used. The next research methods are applied: generally accepted in crop production, field and laboratory - to clarify the interaction of the object of research with agrotechnical and natural abiotic factors; calculated and weighted - to determine the productivity of crops; calculation and comparison; mathematical and statistical (dispersion) - in order to estimate the probability of research results. It was determined that, using mixtures of wood ash and digestate, it is possible to obtain appropriate crops of winter rapeseed without the use of mineral fertilizers. A higher yield of this crop - 2.45 t/ha was obtained in cases where fertilizer rates of 10 t/ha were used for fertilization. Winter rape seeds had a higher oil content in variants with the use of a fertilized mixture of 5 t/ha, but without ammonium nitrate. The bulk weight (nature) of winter rapeseed in the investigated variants slightly exceeded 670 g/l. The scientific novelty is that the influence of the mixture of digestate and wood ash on productivity, including the oiliness of winter rapeseed, was evaluated. The practical value lies in the improvement of the technology of cultivation of the researched culture by means of a correctly selected mixture to optimize nutrition and obtain high-quality oil
{"title":"Non-traditional fertilizers to optimize winter rape nutrition","authors":"A. Adamovics, Rihards Berkis, Lidia Antipova","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-8","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the topic is due to the need to optimize the nutrition of winter rape (Brassica napus L.), including the use of non-traditional fertilizers, taking into account the limited amount of low-cost mineral fats. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of a mixture of production by-products (wood ash and digestate) on the yield and quality of winter rapeseed. Field experiments were conducted at the \"Peterlauki\" research farm (Latvia). In agriculture, both wood ash and biomass digestate are used separately as materials for liming and fertilizers, while a high-quality fertilizer can be obtained from their mixture. The authors evaluated mixtures of cattle manure digestate and wood ash in different ratios. Analyzes from the groups of systemic, statistical and comparative were used. The next research methods are applied: generally accepted in crop production, field and laboratory - to clarify the interaction of the object of research with agrotechnical and natural abiotic factors; calculated and weighted - to determine the productivity of crops; calculation and comparison; mathematical and statistical (dispersion) - in order to estimate the probability of research results. It was determined that, using mixtures of wood ash and digestate, it is possible to obtain appropriate crops of winter rapeseed without the use of mineral fertilizers. A higher yield of this crop - 2.45 t/ha was obtained in cases where fertilizer rates of 10 t/ha were used for fertilization. Winter rape seeds had a higher oil content in variants with the use of a fertilized mixture of 5 t/ha, but without ammonium nitrate. The bulk weight (nature) of winter rapeseed in the investigated variants slightly exceeded 670 g/l. The scientific novelty is that the influence of the mixture of digestate and wood ash on productivity, including the oiliness of winter rapeseed, was evaluated. The practical value lies in the improvement of the technology of cultivation of the researched culture by means of a correctly selected mixture to optimize nutrition and obtain high-quality oil","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125449493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-25DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-4
O. Dovgal
The topicality of the topic is due to the problems of the essence and the basic principles of the formation and development of the circular economy. The well-known systems of circular economy principles 3R and 9R have been supplemented with new principles that more widely reveal the content and possibilities of transition to a closed-type economy. The purpose of the research is to determine improved organizational forms of closed-loop business models, developed on the basis of advanced principles of the circular economy, adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The research methodology consisted of a set of used methods, cognitive and systemic principles of research, a sequence of stages that included: the study of scientific literature, the analysis of the current state and international experience on issues of circular transformations, substantiation of one's own concept and organizational forms of a business model of a closed economy. The scientific work compares and summarizes the principles of circular economy development. Systematization of the classification features of types of circular business models proposed in modern practice has been carried out. On the basis of the conducted research, a scheme of the conceptual model of the R-economy is proposed. The main stages of implementing the circular business model in practical activities are proposed. The key advantages of the circular business model are defined as future long-term economic benefits that create additional potential for business competitiveness and contribute to solving public environmental problems. Based on the generalization, modern obstacles and socio-economic benefits from the transition to a circular model of development for business and society were identified. The modern practice of successful implementation of circular business models is analyzed. Proposals regarding the design of food production for the creation of a closed-type economic model are substantiated. Various archetypes of the organization of closed-type business models have been studied. The scheme of organizational forms of circular economy business models is presented, taking into account the specialty of the value chain, as one of its most effective mechanisms
{"title":"Organizational and economic principles of creation and implementation of a circular business model of development","authors":"O. Dovgal","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-4","url":null,"abstract":"The topicality of the topic is due to the problems of the essence and the basic principles of the formation and development of the circular economy. The well-known systems of circular economy principles 3R and 9R have been supplemented with new principles that more widely reveal the content and possibilities of transition to a closed-type economy. The purpose of the research is to determine improved organizational forms of closed-loop business models, developed on the basis of advanced principles of the circular economy, adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The research methodology consisted of a set of used methods, cognitive and systemic principles of research, a sequence of stages that included: the study of scientific literature, the analysis of the current state and international experience on issues of circular transformations, substantiation of one's own concept and organizational forms of a business model of a closed economy. The scientific work compares and summarizes the principles of circular economy development. Systematization of the classification features of types of circular business models proposed in modern practice has been carried out. On the basis of the conducted research, a scheme of the conceptual model of the R-economy is proposed. The main stages of implementing the circular business model in practical activities are proposed. The key advantages of the circular business model are defined as future long-term economic benefits that create additional potential for business competitiveness and contribute to solving public environmental problems. Based on the generalization, modern obstacles and socio-economic benefits from the transition to a circular model of development for business and society were identified. The modern practice of successful implementation of circular business models is analyzed. Proposals regarding the design of food production for the creation of a closed-type economic model are substantiated. Various archetypes of the organization of closed-type business models have been studied. The scheme of organizational forms of circular economy business models is presented, taking into account the specialty of the value chain, as one of its most effective mechanisms","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133952290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-5
T. Manushkina, T. Kachanova, M. Samoilenko, O. Petrova
The relevance of research on the development of biotechnology for clonal micropropagation of plants of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. is determined by the need for mass production of healthy, pure-grade planting material for the establishment of industrial plantations and the expansion of areas of essential oil crops in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to develop biotechnological methods of clonal micropropagation of essential oil plants of the Lamiaceae family – Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha x piperita L., Salvia officinalis L. and Monarda fistulosa L. The task of the research was to select optimal conditions for effective cultivation of plants of the Lamiaceae family at four stages of clonal micropropagation. The main methods of research: laboratory, field, analytical, mathematical and statistical. The optimal nutrient media for the induction of in vitro morphogenesis and the multiplication stage were determined based on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog: for L. angustifolia supplemented with kinetin (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (1.0 mg/l), for M. x piperita – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (0.1 mg/l), for S. officinalis – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and IOLK (0.5 mg/l ), for M. fistulosa – 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.1 mg/l). At the stage of multiplication, it is advisable to carry out seven to eight cycles of cultivation. At the stage of rooting of microshoots, the most effective for all studied plant species was determined to be the Murashige and Skuga nutrient medium with a halved concentration of components, supplemented with β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.5 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-acetic acid ( 0.5 mg/l). The optimal substrate for plant adaptation to in vivo conditions is peat: perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1. Incorporation of the developed biotechnology of clonal micropropagation into the seeding system of essential oil crops of the Lamiaceae family will allow to quickly obtain healthy pure-bred planting material and introduce new productive varieties into production
{"title":"Clonal micropropagation in vitro of essential oil plants of the family Lamiaceae Lindl.","authors":"T. Manushkina, T. Kachanova, M. Samoilenko, O. Petrova","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-5","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of research on the development of biotechnology for clonal micropropagation of plants of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. is determined by the need for mass production of healthy, pure-grade planting material for the establishment of industrial plantations and the expansion of areas of essential oil crops in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to develop biotechnological methods of clonal micropropagation of essential oil plants of the Lamiaceae family – Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha x piperita L., Salvia officinalis L. and Monarda fistulosa L. The task of the research was to select optimal conditions for effective cultivation of plants of the Lamiaceae family at four stages of clonal micropropagation. The main methods of research: laboratory, field, analytical, mathematical and statistical. The optimal nutrient media for the induction of in vitro morphogenesis and the multiplication stage were determined based on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog: for L. angustifolia supplemented with kinetin (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (1.0 mg/l), for M. x piperita – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (0.1 mg/l), for S. officinalis – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and IOLK (0.5 mg/l ), for M. fistulosa – 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.1 mg/l). At the stage of multiplication, it is advisable to carry out seven to eight cycles of cultivation. At the stage of rooting of microshoots, the most effective for all studied plant species was determined to be the Murashige and Skuga nutrient medium with a halved concentration of components, supplemented with β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.5 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-acetic acid ( 0.5 mg/l). The optimal substrate for plant adaptation to in vivo conditions is peat: perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1. Incorporation of the developed biotechnology of clonal micropropagation into the seeding system of essential oil crops of the Lamiaceae family will allow to quickly obtain healthy pure-bred planting material and introduce new productive varieties into production","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124434805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-6
G. Ivanov, Pavlo Polyansky
Maritime transportation is the essence of the international economy. Today, about ninety percent of world trade is carried out by sea through 50,000 merchant ships. Most of these vessels are powered by mainline diesel engines due to their reliability and fuel efficiency. Reliability of system elements in general depends on random failures, significant wear during operation, additional wear during start-up. Accidental damage to diesel engine components is a major hazard during operation, as some parts (such as cylinder liners and pistons) are usually replaced during repairs. On the other hand, preventive service does not eliminate random malfunctions. Therefore, in the general problem of assessing the reliability of a diesel engine, there is a mathematical problem of assessing the reliability and durability, taking into account only the random failures of its elements, which are of the greatest practical importance. The purpose of the work is a mathematical study of the reliability of parts of the cylinder-piston group of the main engines of dry cargo ships. Using a systematic approach and a probabilistic statistical method, it was established that the most common and difficult case is the simultaneous action on a system element (for example, a cylinder sleeve) of factors that cause wear during the period of operation (including during the start-up period) and accidental failures. It was determined that the quality of the cylinder-piston system in ships of the "Ostriv Rosiyskiy" type is higher than in the ships of the "Simferopol" and "Murom" types. Empirical formulas for estimating the probability of emergency failure of main engine system elements during the period of operation between factory repairs were obtained, where the main danger during the period of operation was carried by accidental failures. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to establish a schedule for the periodicity of maintenance of the ship's main engine and the cost of losses due to ship downtime due to failures, and can also be used in the reliability study of other types of ship's main engines. The results make it possible to determine the reliability of the parts of the cylinder-piston group of the main engines of dry cargo ships. and, in particular, to establish the maintenance schedule of the ship's main engine and the cost of damages due to ship downtime due to failures, and can also be used in the study of the reliability of other types of main engines of other series of ships
{"title":"Determining the probability of failure of marine diesel engine parts","authors":"G. Ivanov, Pavlo Polyansky","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-6","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime transportation is the essence of the international economy. Today, about ninety percent of world trade is carried out by sea through 50,000 merchant ships. Most of these vessels are powered by mainline diesel engines due to their reliability and fuel efficiency. Reliability of system elements in general depends on random failures, significant wear during operation, additional wear during start-up. Accidental damage to diesel engine components is a major hazard during operation, as some parts (such as cylinder liners and pistons) are usually replaced during repairs. On the other hand, preventive service does not eliminate random malfunctions. Therefore, in the general problem of assessing the reliability of a diesel engine, there is a mathematical problem of assessing the reliability and durability, taking into account only the random failures of its elements, which are of the greatest practical importance. The purpose of the work is a mathematical study of the reliability of parts of the cylinder-piston group of the main engines of dry cargo ships. Using a systematic approach and a probabilistic statistical method, it was established that the most common and difficult case is the simultaneous action on a system element (for example, a cylinder sleeve) of factors that cause wear during the period of operation (including during the start-up period) and accidental failures. It was determined that the quality of the cylinder-piston system in ships of the \"Ostriv Rosiyskiy\" type is higher than in the ships of the \"Simferopol\" and \"Murom\" types. Empirical formulas for estimating the probability of emergency failure of main engine system elements during the period of operation between factory repairs were obtained, where the main danger during the period of operation was carried by accidental failures. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to establish a schedule for the periodicity of maintenance of the ship's main engine and the cost of losses due to ship downtime due to failures, and can also be used in the reliability study of other types of ship's main engines. The results make it possible to determine the reliability of the parts of the cylinder-piston group of the main engines of dry cargo ships. and, in particular, to establish the maintenance schedule of the ship's main engine and the cost of damages due to ship downtime due to failures, and can also be used in the study of the reliability of other types of main engines of other series of ships","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129953582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-1
V. Mikolaichuk, A. Panfilova, M. Korkhova, А. Drobitko
The introduction of new crops to agrophytocenoses, to which Crocus sativus belongs, should be preceded by research into their ecological safety and place in crop rotation. When harvesting raw materials for obtaining saffron, up to 90% of by-products remain, which during decomposition can have a negative effect on the soil and indirectly on the plants that are grown after saffron. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the allelopathic activity of water-soluble and volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flowers in the agroclimatic conditions of the Northern Black Sea region. The research was conducted in 2021 according to the generally accepted methodology, freshly picked flowers were used, from which individual elements were extracted, and flowers of different stages of flowering. The following research methods were used: field, laboratory, computational and statistical. The results of the research established that the water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts stimulate the energy of germination and inhibit the growth of one-day seedlings of Lactuca sativum. Water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers have a negative allelopathic effect. The index of allelopathic activity under the action of water-soluble secretions of flowers ranges from -0.26 for a flower with all parts to -0.01 for petals. The highest stimulating effect of volatile secretions on the growth of Lactuca sativum roots and the allelopathic activity index value is characteristic of the flower that has just bloomed and the stamens, and the lowest - for the pistils. The allelopathic activity of the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts is set at the level of 6.4 (pistil) and 28.8% (stamens). Substances that inhibit the germination of Lactuca sativum roots are found mainly in the stamens. It was determined that the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts reduce the energy of seed germination of the test plant. The practical value of the research is that the results of the research can be used when determining the place of the crop in crop rotation and the duration of its cultivation in one field
{"title":"Allelopathic activity of water-soluble and volatile secretions of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) flowers in the Northern Black Sea region","authors":"V. Mikolaichuk, A. Panfilova, M. Korkhova, А. Drobitko","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(4)-1","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of new crops to agrophytocenoses, to which Crocus sativus belongs, should be preceded by research into their ecological safety and place in crop rotation. When harvesting raw materials for obtaining saffron, up to 90% of by-products remain, which during decomposition can have a negative effect on the soil and indirectly on the plants that are grown after saffron. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the allelopathic activity of water-soluble and volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flowers in the agroclimatic conditions of the Northern Black Sea region. The research was conducted in 2021 according to the generally accepted methodology, freshly picked flowers were used, from which individual elements were extracted, and flowers of different stages of flowering. The following research methods were used: field, laboratory, computational and statistical. The results of the research established that the water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts stimulate the energy of germination and inhibit the growth of one-day seedlings of Lactuca sativum. Water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers have a negative allelopathic effect. The index of allelopathic activity under the action of water-soluble secretions of flowers ranges from -0.26 for a flower with all parts to -0.01 for petals. The highest stimulating effect of volatile secretions on the growth of Lactuca sativum roots and the allelopathic activity index value is characteristic of the flower that has just bloomed and the stamens, and the lowest - for the pistils. The allelopathic activity of the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts is set at the level of 6.4 (pistil) and 28.8% (stamens). Substances that inhibit the germination of Lactuca sativum roots are found mainly in the stamens. It was determined that the volatile secretions of Crocus sativus flower parts reduce the energy of seed germination of the test plant. The practical value of the research is that the results of the research can be used when determining the place of the crop in crop rotation and the duration of its cultivation in one field","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122183627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-7
The insurance industry plays an important role in the economy, contributing to the intermediation and risk-bearing mechanism. At the same time, the insurance industry contributes to socio-economic growth due to accumulated long-term financial resources that can be directly used in the economy. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations on the possibility of creating an insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine based on international experience. The set goal determined the solution of the following tasks: to investigate the legal aspects of the activity of the financial ombudsman in different countries and provide their comparative characteristics; to determine the specifics of the implementation in Ukraine of the alternative dispute resolution mechanism on the insurance market; justify the benefits of activating the activity of the insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine. In the process of carrying out a scientific search, such general scientific methods as: abstract-logical; monographic; comparative; graphic; dialectical method; comparative legal method; structural-functional method. The peculiarities of the functioning of the relevant alternative mechanisms for resolving insurance disputes in different countries, the mechanisms for dealing with customer complaints, and the resolution of disputes with the participation of a professional mediator were studied. It was determined that in world practice, two main models of financial ombudsmen are usually distinguished: British and German. It is substantiated that the introduction of the insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine as an alternative platform for considering complaints will have advantages for all participants of the insurance market.It has been proven that the activities of such an institution can consider disputes related to settlement of claims, wrongful sale, payment of insurance premiums, legal registration of the policy, delay of settlements, failure to issue insurance documents, etc. Such an insurance ombudsman institution will be responsible for protecting the interests and handling policyholder complaints, and the main purpose of the ombudsman’s activities is to handle policyholder complaints outside the court system in a cost-effective and impartial manner
{"title":"Introduction of the ombudsman institute in the insurance market of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-7","url":null,"abstract":"The insurance industry plays an important role in the economy, contributing to the intermediation and risk-bearing mechanism. At the same time, the insurance industry contributes to socio-economic growth due to accumulated long-term financial resources that can be directly used in the economy. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations on the possibility of creating an insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine based on international experience. The set goal determined the solution of the following tasks: to investigate the legal aspects of the activity of the financial ombudsman in different countries and provide their comparative characteristics; to determine the specifics of the implementation in Ukraine of the alternative dispute resolution mechanism on the insurance market; justify the benefits of activating the activity of the insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine. In the process of carrying out a scientific search, such general scientific methods as: abstract-logical; monographic; comparative; graphic; dialectical method; comparative legal method; structural-functional method. The peculiarities of the functioning of the relevant alternative mechanisms for resolving insurance disputes in different countries, the mechanisms for dealing with customer complaints, and the resolution of disputes with the participation of a professional mediator were studied. It was determined that in world practice, two main models of financial ombudsmen are usually distinguished: British and German. It is substantiated that the introduction of the insurance ombudsman institute in Ukraine as an alternative platform for considering complaints will have advantages for all participants of the insurance market.It has been proven that the activities of such an institution can consider disputes related to settlement of claims, wrongful sale, payment of insurance premiums, legal registration of the policy, delay of settlements, failure to issue insurance documents, etc. Such an insurance ombudsman institution will be responsible for protecting the interests and handling policyholder complaints, and the main purpose of the ombudsman’s activities is to handle policyholder complaints outside the court system in a cost-effective and impartial manner","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132441555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-23DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-1
O. Vyshnevska
The development of modern business, the implementation of approaches to local, regional (territorial) development encourage the activation of the spread of the insurance sector. Mechanisms for the introduction of appropriate financial levers make it possible to neutralize threats and increase the financial stability of market entities, which is proven by the experience of European states. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence, features and main tasks in the field of insurance, to determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance market, to coordinate the interests of the participants and effective partnership in view of the need to form prerequisites for the socio-economic stability and security of the state and its individual regions. The main task of the research is to assess the situation, existing forecasts and determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance sector, taking into account the needs of society, interests, partnership mechanisms, including at the international level. Methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research. The author has researched the essence and development possibilities of the insurance sector, taking into account the practical experience of the countries of the world and modern trends in the insurance market. The importance of the insurance sector for society, regional development and increasing opportunities in the field of investment activity has been proven. Regional features were analyzed and priority directions of development were determined, taking into account the needs of spheres and branches of the economy, territorial communities. The effect of effective interaction of insurance market participants on the possibilities of expanding insurance services is determined.The relevance of partnership in the implementation of insurance approaches and mechanisms of interaction between participants was determined. The author stipulates the need to regulate the interests of all participants, as well as mutual coordination of actions and levels of responsibility, opportunities for public-private partnership in regional development, investment activities. The need to guarantee the practical results of interaction in the field of insurance and the formation of prerequisites for social and economic security, including taking into account regional characteristics, is stipulated. The results of the author's research can be used for further research in the field of insurance, interaction of participants on the basis of partnership
{"title":"Development of insurance, opportunities and practical experience in the formation of social and economic security (regional aspect)","authors":"O. Vyshnevska","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of modern business, the implementation of approaches to local, regional (territorial) development encourage the activation of the spread of the insurance sector. Mechanisms for the introduction of appropriate financial levers make it possible to neutralize threats and increase the financial stability of market entities, which is proven by the experience of European states. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence, features and main tasks in the field of insurance, to determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance market, to coordinate the interests of the participants and effective partnership in view of the need to form prerequisites for the socio-economic stability and security of the state and its individual regions. The main task of the research is to assess the situation, existing forecasts and determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance sector, taking into account the needs of society, interests, partnership mechanisms, including at the international level. Methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research. The author has researched the essence and development possibilities of the insurance sector, taking into account the practical experience of the countries of the world and modern trends in the insurance market. The importance of the insurance sector for society, regional development and increasing opportunities in the field of investment activity has been proven. Regional features were analyzed and priority directions of development were determined, taking into account the needs of spheres and branches of the economy, territorial communities. The effect of effective interaction of insurance market participants on the possibilities of expanding insurance services is determined.The relevance of partnership in the implementation of insurance approaches and mechanisms of interaction between participants was determined. The author stipulates the need to regulate the interests of all participants, as well as mutual coordination of actions and levels of responsibility, opportunities for public-private partnership in regional development, investment activities. The need to guarantee the practical results of interaction in the field of insurance and the formation of prerequisites for social and economic security, including taking into account regional characteristics, is stipulated. The results of the author's research can be used for further research in the field of insurance, interaction of participants on the basis of partnership","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127005769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-3
D. Babenko, I. Baczurovskaya, O. Gorbenko
The main task of water supply systems is to expand the technological capabilities of the water supply process, increase its reliability, reduce its capital and operating costs, and simplify design. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal parameters for the use of the proposed constructive solution of water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms. The research was conducted in laboratory conditions with further use of mathematical statistics methods. The criteria for optimizing the use of the proposed design of water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms include the amount of water flow and the speed of the flow. The article establishes the most optimal structural and technological parameters of water-lifting equipment, namely: head height; volume of transit tanks; pipeline diameter; pipeline length. The principle of operation of the proposed constructive solution of water lifting equipment for use in livestock farms is based on increasing the necessary pressure for the water supply network by direct repeated use of gravity forces in the form of the weight of the liquid column from natural or artificial pressure. The ratio of criteria for optimizing the process of using water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms and optimal structural and technological parameters of the proposed solution was determined. The use of technology in compliance with the recommended structural and technological parameters will solve the problem of improving the quality of water supply to consumers in the conditions of livestock farms, reducing energy consumption during the operation of the water supply system and maintaining the necessary pressure in the water supply network
{"title":"Determination of the parameters of the use of water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms","authors":"D. Babenko, I. Baczurovskaya, O. Gorbenko","doi":"10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(3)-3","url":null,"abstract":"The main task of water supply systems is to expand the technological capabilities of the water supply process, increase its reliability, reduce its capital and operating costs, and simplify design. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal parameters for the use of the proposed constructive solution of water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms. The research was conducted in laboratory conditions with further use of mathematical statistics methods. The criteria for optimizing the use of the proposed design of water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms include the amount of water flow and the speed of the flow. The article establishes the most optimal structural and technological parameters of water-lifting equipment, namely: head height; volume of transit tanks; pipeline diameter; pipeline length. The principle of operation of the proposed constructive solution of water lifting equipment for use in livestock farms is based on increasing the necessary pressure for the water supply network by direct repeated use of gravity forces in the form of the weight of the liquid column from natural or artificial pressure. The ratio of criteria for optimizing the process of using water-lifting equipment in the conditions of livestock farms and optimal structural and technological parameters of the proposed solution was determined. The use of technology in compliance with the recommended structural and technological parameters will solve the problem of improving the quality of water supply to consumers in the conditions of livestock farms, reducing energy consumption during the operation of the water supply system and maintaining the necessary pressure in the water supply network","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122069993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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