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Influence of Lactation Number, Year and Season of Calving on Milk Productivity of Cows 泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节对奶牛产奶量的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56407/313-092x/2022-26(2)-5
O. Kramarenko, S. Kramarenko
The main characteristics of the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle differ in different countries due to differences in terrain, management and breeding objectives. At the same time, the manifestation of non-genetic (that is, environmental) factors during milk production, as a rule, mask the real breeding value of animals. The main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving on the milk productivity of 238 Holstein cows during a 4-year period (2014-2017). The study was conducted using primary data on the dairy productivity of livestock in the conditions of PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi of the Kamian-Dnipro district of the Zaporizhia region.The following characteristics were evaluated for each animal: duration of lactation, hope for 305 days of lactation, hope for the entire lactation, fat content and protein content in milk. P. Wood's model was used to approximate lactation curves within each subgroup. All signs of milk productivity were analyzed based on the algorithm of one- or two-factor analysis of variance with fixed factors using the statistical package STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.).Lactation number was found to have a significant effect on all milk yield traits that were examined (in all cases: p<0.001). Hope for 305 days of lactation increased with the growth of lactation number. The highest values of this characteristic were noted during the 2nd and 3rd lactations. The lowest estimate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation of dairy cows of this farm was obtained in 2014, and the highest in 2016. The calving season probably influenced the indicators of milk productivity (primarily, the content of fat and protein in milk) of firstborns. In addition, the milk yield score at 305 days of lactation was lower among winter- or spring-calved gilts compared to fall-calved animals. No influence of the calving season was noted among adult cows. Lactation number and year of calving probably influenced the estimates of the coefficients and parameters of P. Wood's model. The shape of the lactation curves of firstborns was flatter compared to mature cows. Estimates of peak milk yield were lower, but the index of constancy of the lactation curve was higher during the 1st lactation. Thus, we found that obtaining real (unbiased) estimates of milk productivity traits of Holstein cattle requires preliminary adjustment of data regarding the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving
由于不同国家的地形、管理和养殖目标的不同,荷斯坦奶牛产奶量的主要特征有所不同。同时,非遗传(即环境)因素在产奶过程中的表现,往往掩盖了动物的真正育种价值。本研究的主要目的是分析2014-2017年4年间(2014-2017年)238头荷斯坦奶牛泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节对产奶量的影响。该研究利用了扎波罗热州Kamian-Dnipro地区PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi条件下牲畜的乳制品生产力的原始数据。评估每只动物的以下特征:泌乳持续时间、305天希望泌乳时间、整个泌乳时间、乳中脂肪含量和蛋白质含量。P. Wood模型用于近似各亚组内的泌乳曲线。使用统计软件包STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.),基于固定因素的单因素或双因素方差分析算法分析产奶量的所有迹象。发现泌乳次数对所检查的所有产奶量性状有显著影响(在所有情况下:p<0.001)。305天的泌乳希望随着泌乳次数的增加而增加。这一特征的最高值出现在泌乳第2和第3期。该农场奶牛305天泌乳产奶量估计值最低的年份为2014年,最高的年份为2016年。产犊季节可能会影响头胎的产奶量指标(主要是牛奶中的脂肪和蛋白质含量)。此外,与秋季犊牛相比,冬季或春季犊牛的产奶量评分在哺乳305天时较低。在成年奶牛中没有发现产犊季节的影响。泌乳次数和产犊年份可能影响P. Wood模型的系数和参数的估计。头胎奶牛的泌乳曲线形状较成熟奶牛平坦。在第一次泌乳期间,泌乳曲线的稳定性指数较高,但峰值产奶量的估计值较低。因此,我们发现要获得荷斯坦牛产奶量性状的真实(无偏)估计,需要对有关泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节影响的数据进行初步调整
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引用次数: 1
Advantages of hybrid mobile applications and progressive web apps for entrepreneurs 混合移动应用程序和渐进式web应用程序对企业家的优势
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2019-1(101)-14
T. Moroz, V. Endres
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引用次数: 1
Contemporary Agro-ecological and Forestry Technical Characteristics of the Field Forest Protection in the Plain-Steppe Territory of Kherson Region 克尔松平原草原地区野生林保护的当代农生态林业技术特征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2019-3(103)-9
L. Strelchuk, kherson state agrarian universiry
У статті наведено результати багаторічних польових досліджень, проведених в умовах Херсонської області на польових площах рівнинно-степового масиву з визначенням основних характеристик складу, функціональної конструкції та наявного стану польових захисних лісосмуг. У результаті проведення маршрутних обстежень встановлено, що існуючі полезахисні лісонасадження у розрізі районів демонструють значну різницю в сумарних площах, віковій і видовій структурі та рівнях деструкційних порушень, які визначаються як соціально-економічним станом населення, заходами охорони та відновлення лісосмуг, так і природно-кліматичними умовами середовища.
文章介绍了在赫尔松地区平原草原丘陵野外地区进行的长期实地研究结果,以确定野外防护林带的构成、功能设计和现状的主要特点。路线调查结果表明,各地区现有防护林带在总面积、树龄和树种结构以及破坏性干扰程度方面存在显著差异,这些差异由人口的社会经济状况、保护和恢复林带的措施以及自然和气候条件决定。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of seed production in the context of development of the southern region of Ukraine 在乌克兰南部地区发展背景下的种子生产效率
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2021-4(112)-2
O. Novikov, N. Potryvaieva, N. Sharata, M. Korkhova, A. Chernova, M. Karpenko
The article presents the results of the analysis of the need to establish and operate the Center for the production of basic and certified seeds of new varieties of basic cereals in conditions of natural and artificial moisture on the basis of the Training-Scientific-Practical Center of MNAU. The implementation of the project will promote the development of domestic seed production, providing agricultural producers with high-quality sowing material of new varieties, as well as improving the quality of education during the training of specialists in agronomy. Key words: seed production, grain crops, varieties, irrigation, economic efficiency, project.
本文介绍了在南京农业大学“培训-科学-实践”中心的基础上,建立和运行自然和人工水分条件下基本谷物新品种基础种子和认证种子生产中心的必要性分析结果。该项目的实施将促进国内种子生产的发展,为农业生产者提供优质的新品种播种材料,并提高农学专家培训过程中的教育质量。关键词:制种,粮食作物,品种,灌溉,经济效益,工程。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for increasing energy autonomy of the agriculture in accordance with the energy strategy of Ukraine 根据乌克兰能源战略,提高农业能源自主权的前景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2019-4(104)-10
G. Kaletnyk
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引用次数: 8
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC MODEL OF CLOSED-LOOP IN THE MYKOLAIV REGION 闭环经济模式在尼古拉耶夫地区的实施
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-1(101)-1
I. Honcharenko
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth in the framework of knowledge economy 知识经济框架下智力资本在创新经济增长中的作用评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2021-2(110)-14
H. Rahimli
H. Rahimli. Evaluation of the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth in the framework of knowledge economy The COVID – 19 pandemic has had and continues to have a profound effect on all areas of our lives. One of the main areas affected by the pandemic is agriculture. The article emphasizes the need to apply science-intensive technologies and expand innovative activities to ensure sustainable development of agriculture in the current pandemic. The importance of new generation technologies in accelerating the innovative development of the agricultural sector is also studied. Positive results have been obtained on issues that need to be solved when organizing and developing an economy based on an innovation system in the agricultural sector in a pandemic. Keywords: agricultural sector, innovation, COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurship, digital transformation, economic activity.
h . Rahimli。2019冠状病毒病大流行已经并将继续对我们生活的各个领域产生深远影响。受大流行影响的主要领域之一是农业。文章强调需要应用科学密集型技术并扩大创新活动,以确保在当前大流行病中农业的可持续发展。本文还研究了新一代技术在加快农业部门创新发展中的重要性。在以农业部门创新体系为基础的大流行时期组织和发展经济需要解决的问题上取得了积极成果。关键词:农业,创新,新冠疫情,创业,数字化转型,经济活动
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引用次数: 0
Improving the cultivation of corn hybrids under irrigation in the South of Ukraine 改善乌克兰南部灌溉下的玉米杂交种植
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2019-2(102)-6
R. Vozhehova, Ya.V. Belov
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引用次数: 1
Factors, that influence labor productivity based on ensuring the opportunities for human development 在确保人类发展机会的基础上影响劳动生产率的因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31521/2313-092x/2019-1(101)-4
I. Krylova, H. Kovalenko, I. Potochylova
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Assessment of Weldability of Steel with Increased Strength 提高强度钢可焊性的综合评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56407/2313-092x/2022-26(2)-1
O. Kostin, V. Martynenko, L. Vakhonina
Modern production of agricultural equipment and facilities, hulls of ships, stationary oil drilling platforms, wind energy installations and other metal structures makes extensive use of sheet steel of increased strength. The main manufacturing process is welding, the quality of which depends on multiple factors, including the ability of steel to resist welding. It is known that the properties of the thermal influence zone are highly dependent on phase transformations, the nature of which is determined by the intensity and development of diffusion processes of carbon redistribution and alloying elements under the impact of the welding thermal cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the weldability of the steel of a certain chemical composition, in order to choose the optimal method and the technological parameters of the welding mode for the manufacture of a specific metal structure. In order to reduce material costs, you can use analytical calculation methods that were developed at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute. They are based on the analysis of the literature and the study of about 150 diagrams of the thermokinetic decomposition of austenite. Mathematical models make it possible to predict with a sufficient degree of accuracy the phase composition and mechanical properties of the high-temperature thermal influence zone depending on the chemical composition and cooling time of the metal, heated to a maximum temperature of 1350ºC, in the temperature range 850-500ºC. However, such tests are quite expensive and do not allow optimization of weld properties when the welding mode, mode, welding materials and other underlying technological factors change. In this connection, the objective was to assess the reliability of the proposed methodology in the study of weldability of shipbuilding steel of the increased strength of the category E36, for the weakest T(transverse) – the orientation of the sheet of 50 mm thickness. A high performance of the steel category is achieved by a limited increase in the aluminium content or other grain-crushing elements (Nb, V, Ti), which ensures that the size of the austenitic grain is not greater than the fifth point. The research showed that analytical methods for calculating the mechanical characteristics of high temperature HAZ sites by chemical composition, taking into account the cooling rate after welding, provide a level of confidence sufficient for practical application and can be recommended for the primary evaluation of the properties of welded compounds of high-thickness steel plates of category E36 (T-orientation). The impact work (KV-40) of the high-temperature sections of the high-temperature thermal influence zone is not subject to an analytical evaluation with the degree of accuracy required for production practice
现代生产的农业设备和设施、船体、固定式石油钻井平台、风能装置和其他金属结构都大量使用强度提高的钢板。主要的制造工艺是焊接,其质量取决于多种因素,包括钢的抗焊接能力。已知热影响区的性质高度依赖于相变,相变的性质取决于焊接热循环影响下碳重分布和合金元素扩散过程的强度和发展。因此,有必要对某种化学成分的钢的可焊性进行评价,以便为制造特定金属结构选择最佳的焊接方法和焊接方式的工艺参数。为了降低材料成本,您可以使用由E.O. Paton电焊研究所开发的分析计算方法。这些结论是在文献分析和研究了约150张奥氏体热分解图的基础上得出的。数学模型能够以足够的精度预测高温热影响区的相组成和机械性能,这取决于金属的化学成分和冷却时间,在850-500℃的温度范围内加热到1350℃的最高温度。然而,当焊接方式、模式、焊接材料和其他潜在的技术因素发生变化时,这种测试非常昂贵,并且无法优化焊缝性能。在这方面,目标是评估所提议的方法在研究E36类别强度增加的造船钢的可焊性方面的可靠性,对于最弱的T(横向)- 50mm厚板的方向。钢类的高性能是通过有限地增加铝含量或其他晶粒破碎元素(Nb, V, Ti)来实现的,这确保了奥氏体晶粒的尺寸不大于第五点。研究表明,考虑焊接后冷却速率的化学成分计算高温热影响区部位力学特性的分析方法为实际应用提供了足够的置信度,可以推荐用于E36类(t取向)高厚钢板焊接化合物性能的初步评价。高温热影响区高温段的冲击工作(KV-40)未进行具有生产实践所需精度的分析评价
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UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE
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