Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.428
Zohreh Agha
Kuwait has successfully reached a production rate of three million barrels and is planning to increase the oil production by 4 million barrels on the year 2020. Beside the production rate, Kuwait oil companies are getting ready to extend upstream and downstream areas including building new facilities since the demands are growing more and more and Kuwait has a responsibility for its nation since it is a successful and main country in exporting oil. Therefore, Kuwait must make sure that oil is being produced with the best current technologies and having the best people in production line with enough knowledge and experience with the plans and taking lowest risks to remain in first places of ranking and leading countries in oil production.
{"title":"Kuwait’s Best Strategic Options to Utilize Its Petroleum Resources and Energy Performance","authors":"Zohreh Agha","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.428","url":null,"abstract":"Kuwait has successfully reached a production rate of three million barrels and is planning to increase the oil production by 4 million barrels on the year 2020. Beside the production rate, Kuwait oil companies are getting ready to extend upstream and downstream areas including building new facilities since the demands are growing more and more and Kuwait has a responsibility for its nation since it is a successful and main country in exporting oil. Therefore, Kuwait must make sure that oil is being produced with the best current technologies and having the best people in production line with enough knowledge and experience with the plans and taking lowest risks to remain in first places of ranking and leading countries in oil production.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86850413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.424
E. Helig
{"title":"Bioenergy and Its Scope","authors":"E. Helig","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.21.12.424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83457216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.406
D. Sushma
Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology is the most preferred and highly accessed Journal in the field of petroleum exploration, production and environmental biotechnology. The Journal is indexed in CAS Source Index (CASSI), Index Copernicus and Scholar among many other reputed scientific databases. In fact, Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology encourages editorial board members to actively contribute to the scientific world from their research globally. All scientific manuscripts including editorials are subjected to peer review. J Pet Environ Biotechnol follows a double blind peer review process where identity of authors and reviewers is not revealed to each other.
《石油与环境生物技术》是石油勘探、生产和环境生物技术领域最受欢迎和访问最多的期刊。本刊被中国科学院资源索引(CASSI)、哥白尼索引(Index Copernicus)和Scholar等众多知名科学数据库收录。事实上，《石油与环境生物技术杂志》鼓励编委会成员积极地从他们的全球研究中为科学界做出贡献。包括社论在内的所有科学稿件都要经过同行评审。J Pet Environ biotechnology遵循双盲同行评审过程，作者和审稿人的身份不会相互透露。
{"title":"Editorial Note for Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology","authors":"D. Sushma","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.406","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology is the most preferred and highly accessed Journal in the field of petroleum exploration, production and environmental biotechnology. The Journal is indexed in CAS Source Index (CASSI), Index Copernicus and Scholar among many other reputed scientific databases. In fact, Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology encourages editorial board members to actively contribute to the scientific world from their research globally. All scientific manuscripts including editorials are subjected to peer review. J Pet Environ Biotechnol follows a double blind peer review process where identity of authors and reviewers is not revealed to each other.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.399
Fern, O. B. Fern, Es, W. Campos, Marcelo Alves Otaviano Botelho, Luiz Felipe de Queiroz Ferreira Braga
Unconventional reservoirs (NCR) have been responsible for an important revolution in the volume and profile of gas production in the USA and are now arousing interest of other countries e.g. China, Canada, Argentina and Australia. In most of the NCR, the development of production has been made possible through horizontal wells with multiple transverse fractures. In order to optimize the well hydraulic fracturing design for exploration and production’s development of shale gas/shale oil, is required to understand the key parameters that influence in the complex fractures network. In terms of reservoir stimulation through horizontal wells, the practice by smaller operators came before the theory, generating nice results and promoting theoretical development. The recent join of big operators into the unconventional reservoirs environment raised about the huge volumes of fluids and propping agents used in the complex fractures network, have generated some questions about shale gas/shale oil well stimulation. This work presents the main parameters that have influence on the complex fractures network built in shales, aiming to understand their effects in shale rock in order to avoid problems and optimize the hydraulic fracturing design.
{"title":"Hydraulics and Geomechanics Parameters for Hydraulic Fracturing Optimization in Production's Developments of Shale Gas/ Shale Oil in North America","authors":"Fern, O. B. Fern, Es, W. Campos, Marcelo Alves Otaviano Botelho, Luiz Felipe de Queiroz Ferreira Braga","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.399","url":null,"abstract":"Unconventional reservoirs (NCR) have been responsible for an important revolution in the volume and profile of gas production in the USA and are now arousing interest of other countries e.g. China, Canada, Argentina and Australia. In most of the NCR, the development of production has been made possible through horizontal wells with multiple transverse fractures. In order to optimize the well hydraulic fracturing design for exploration and production’s development of shale gas/shale oil, is required to understand the key parameters that influence in the complex fractures network. In terms of reservoir stimulation through horizontal wells, the practice by smaller operators came before the theory, generating nice results and promoting theoretical development. The recent join of big operators into the unconventional reservoirs environment raised about the huge volumes of fluids and propping agents used in the complex fractures network, have generated some questions about shale gas/shale oil well stimulation. This work presents the main parameters that have influence on the complex fractures network built in shales, aiming to understand their effects in shale rock in order to avoid problems and optimize the hydraulic fracturing design.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77751550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.400
Zhiyong Huang, B. Guo, Ellis Ekhator
This paper presents a feasibility analysis of using frac-packing completion techniques to produce natural gas from offshore gas hydrate reservoirs. A case study was carried out for the gas hydrate accumulations in the northern South China Sea. The feasibility analysis covers the requirements of proppant size, fluid injection rate, fracturing pressure, and well productivity. For the median grain size of sediments in the studied formation from 2.60 to 28.96 μm with an average value of 8.49 μm, the required range of proppant size is between 333 mesh to 748 mesh (0.001 inch ~ 0.003 inch). Since the proppants in this size range are not commercially available, it would be economical to use screened natural sands as proppants in frac-packing operations. The minimum flow rate of fracturing fluid required to carry the 0.003 inch proppant/sand into the fracture tip at 510 ft is 3.64 bpm, which is much lower than the practical values ranging from 20 bpm to 100 bpm. Therefore proppant/sand transport during frac-packing is not a concern. To create a horizontal fracture of 510 ft radius with a fracturing fluid injection rate of 72 bpm, the maximum bottom hole injection pressure is predicted to be 2,378 psi, which is only 334 psi above the reservoir pressure and can be handled by most pumps used in frac-packing operations. Well productivity forecast with a simplified mathematical model shows that a commercial gas production rate of 16 MMscf/day is achievable with the fracture radius of 510 ft. However, the model requires further validation.
{"title":"Technical Feasibility of Using Frac-Packed Wells for Producing Natural Gas from Offshore Gas Hydrate Reservoirs","authors":"Zhiyong Huang, B. Guo, Ellis Ekhator","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.400","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a feasibility analysis of using frac-packing completion techniques to produce natural gas from offshore gas hydrate reservoirs. A case study was carried out for the gas hydrate accumulations in the northern South China Sea. The feasibility analysis covers the requirements of proppant size, fluid injection rate, fracturing pressure, and well productivity. For the median grain size of sediments in the studied formation from 2.60 to 28.96 μm with an average value of 8.49 μm, the required range of proppant size is between 333 mesh to 748 mesh (0.001 inch ~ 0.003 inch). Since the proppants in this size range are not commercially available, it would be economical to use screened natural sands as proppants in frac-packing operations. The minimum flow rate of fracturing fluid required to carry the 0.003 inch proppant/sand into the fracture tip at 510 ft is 3.64 bpm, which is much lower than the practical values ranging from 20 bpm to 100 bpm. Therefore proppant/sand transport during frac-packing is not a concern. To create a horizontal fracture of 510 ft radius with a fracturing fluid injection rate of 72 bpm, the maximum bottom hole injection pressure is predicted to be 2,378 psi, which is only 334 psi above the reservoir pressure and can be handled by most pumps used in frac-packing operations. Well productivity forecast with a simplified mathematical model shows that a commercial gas production rate of 16 MMscf/day is achievable with the fracture radius of 510 ft. However, the model requires further validation.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"201 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77291354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.403
O. Agbede, O. A. Aworanti, O. Ogunleye, S. Agarry, K. A. Babatunde, S. Alagbe
An anaerobic bio-digester is a bioreactor used to convert organic matter to biogas through anaerobic reaction carried out by a consortium of micro-organisms. The activities of the micro-organisms and biogas yield depend on digester operating factors which include temperature, pH, agitation, total solid content, organic loading rate and concentration of substrate. Unfortunately, lack of introducing monitoring and proper control of the temperature, pH and agitation result into large hydraulic retention time and low biogas generation which consequently limits the popularization of biogas technology in rural areas. This problem can be solved by designing and fabricating an anaerobic digester which incorporates proper monitoring and control of these factors in order to achieve maximum yield of biogas and reduced retention time. Hence, a jacketed bio-digester system which incorporates a heater, an agitator and a pH probe was designed, fabricated and successfully utilized for the anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and cow dung. The digester was operated at a constant volume of 12 kg, temperature of 40 oC, agitation speed of 30 rpm, a total solid content of 8% and pH of 7.5 for a period of 70 days. The pH, agitation and temperature of the substrate were introduced, monitored and controlled in the reaction. The biogas yield showed a good performance of the bio-digester system. This bio-digester system can be used for laboratory experiments to train students on the conversion of biodegradable solids to biogas. It can also be used to simulate a biogas plant and generate energy for laboratory use.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Electric Jacketed Anaerobic Digester","authors":"O. Agbede, O. A. Aworanti, O. Ogunleye, S. Agarry, K. A. Babatunde, S. Alagbe","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.403","url":null,"abstract":"An anaerobic bio-digester is a bioreactor used to convert organic matter to biogas through anaerobic reaction carried out by a consortium of micro-organisms. The activities of the micro-organisms and biogas yield depend on digester operating factors which include temperature, pH, agitation, total solid content, organic loading rate and concentration of substrate. Unfortunately, lack of introducing monitoring and proper control of the temperature, pH and agitation result into large hydraulic retention time and low biogas generation which consequently limits the popularization of biogas technology in rural areas. This problem can be solved by designing and fabricating an anaerobic digester which incorporates proper monitoring and control of these factors in order to achieve maximum yield of biogas and reduced retention time. Hence, a jacketed bio-digester system which incorporates a heater, an agitator and a pH probe was designed, fabricated and successfully utilized for the anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and cow dung. The digester was operated at a constant volume of 12 kg, temperature of 40 oC, agitation speed of 30 rpm, a total solid content of 8% and pH of 7.5 for a period of 70 days. The pH, agitation and temperature of the substrate were introduced, monitored and controlled in the reaction. The biogas yield showed a good performance of the bio-digester system. This bio-digester system can be used for laboratory experiments to train students on the conversion of biodegradable solids to biogas. It can also be used to simulate a biogas plant and generate energy for laboratory use.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.402
Abdul Majeed Al-Mahruqi, S. Abdul-Wahab, Y. Charabi
In the last ten years, several kicks and blowouts have occurred in the Sultanate of Oman. None of these blowouts escalated. They were controlled within 1–2 days and did not require capping or relief well drilling. The purpose of this study is to identify best practices to prevent further kicks and blowouts from occurring in Oman. The study starts with a brief overview and analysis of kicks and blowouts, which have happened around the world. Based on these examples, some useful recommendations are provided to improve the awareness of well engineering staff. The paper then analyzes kicks in the Sultanate of Oman that happened with one of its operators in the last five years. It divides the wells within this operator into low-risk standard wells (LRSWs) and high-risk complex wells (HRCWs). The article finishes by providing innovative proposals to improve production and performance in LRSWs. These proposals will save approximately USD$13,000,000 annually. This paper has been extracted from the Master Thesis of the first author.
{"title":"Kicks Prevention and Innovative Saving Proposals for an Operator in Oman","authors":"Abdul Majeed Al-Mahruqi, S. Abdul-Wahab, Y. Charabi","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.402","url":null,"abstract":"In the last ten years, several kicks and blowouts have occurred in the Sultanate of Oman. None of these blowouts escalated. They were controlled within 1–2 days and did not require capping or relief well drilling. The purpose of this study is to identify best practices to prevent further kicks and blowouts from occurring in Oman. The study starts with a brief overview and analysis of kicks and blowouts, which have happened around the world. Based on these examples, some useful recommendations are provided to improve the awareness of well engineering staff. The paper then analyzes kicks in the Sultanate of Oman that happened with one of its operators in the last five years. It divides the wells within this operator into low-risk standard wells (LRSWs) and high-risk complex wells (HRCWs). The article finishes by providing innovative proposals to improve production and performance in LRSWs. These proposals will save approximately USD$13,000,000 annually. This paper has been extracted from the Master Thesis of the first author.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88969423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.401
A. Ansari, S. S. H. Boosari, S. Mohaghegh
It is almost impossible to solve the modern fluid flow problems without the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In petroleum industry, flow simulations assist engineers to develop the most efficient well design and it is essential to understand the multiphase flow details. However, despite the high accuracy, performing the numerical simulation fall short in providing the required results in timely manner. This article presents two case studies of Smart Proxy Models (SPM) utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to appraise the behavior of the chaotic system and predict the dynamic features including pressure, velocity and the evolution of phase fraction within the process at each time-step at a much lower run time. Proposed cases concentrate on 2-D dam-break and 3-D fluidized bed problems, using OpenFOAM and MFiX, CFD software applications, respectively. This paper focuses on building and improving the artificial neural network (ANN) models characterized by feedforward back propagation method and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Each case study contains multiple scenarios to gradually enhance the model capabilities to forecast the dynamic parameters. Results for both cases indicate that 8-10 hours of computational time for running CFD simulation, reduces to a few minutes when is done by developed AI-based models along with less than 10% error for entire process.
{"title":"Successful Implementation of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Multiphase Flow Smart Proxy Modeling: Two Case Studies of Gas-Liquid and Gas-Solid CFD Models","authors":"A. Ansari, S. S. H. Boosari, S. Mohaghegh","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.20.11.401","url":null,"abstract":"It is almost impossible to solve the modern fluid flow problems without the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In petroleum industry, flow simulations assist engineers to develop the most efficient well design and it is essential to understand the multiphase flow details. However, despite the high accuracy, performing the numerical simulation fall short in providing the required results in timely manner. This article presents two case studies of Smart Proxy Models (SPM) utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to appraise the behavior of the chaotic system and predict the dynamic features including pressure, velocity and the evolution of phase fraction within the process at each time-step at a much lower run time. Proposed cases concentrate on 2-D dam-break and 3-D fluidized bed problems, using OpenFOAM and MFiX, CFD software applications, respectively. This paper focuses on building and improving the artificial neural network (ANN) models characterized by feedforward back propagation method and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Each case study contains multiple scenarios to gradually enhance the model capabilities to forecast the dynamic parameters. Results for both cases indicate that 8-10 hours of computational time for running CFD simulation, reduces to a few minutes when is done by developed AI-based models along with less than 10% error for entire process.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"186 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76618700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-26DOI: 10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.390
Ayobami Aigber, Aroloye O. Numbere
Heavy metals can be absorbed by plants resulting to contamination of other organisms in the food chain. This study was intended to determine heavy metals in soil, their mobility factor and impact on flora and fauna. To determine bioavailability of metal ions in soil chemical speciation and mobility factor indices were calculated. The level of Fe, Pb, Zn and Cd in readily available forms were assessed in dumpsite soils within mangrove forest in the Eagle Island and compared with control (i.e., relatively undisturbed soil). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact and contribution of municipal waste discharge on alteration of soil quality and bioavailability of metals within the soil matrix. Samples of soil were collected in triplicate from five locations across the dump area while the control point was established at a less impacted area. Sampling was done in November 2018. Concentration of metal ion/species was analysed using GBC Avanta PM A6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Soils of the sampling area were acidic with pH values ranging between 4.55 and 5.74. The most important heavy metal fractions in the dumpsite soils were; Fe (residual fraction, 53.75%), Pb (residual fraction, 42.58%), Zn (Fe-Mn oxide fraction, 46.85%) and Cd (carbonate bound fraction, 37.77%). However, the less impacted soil was predominantly affiliated to the residual fractions of Fe (68.75%), Pb (54.86%), Zn (37.45%) and Cd (51.51%). Heavy metal mobility factor indices reflected the order: (Cd>Pb>Zn>Fe) for soils of both the solid waste dumpsite and control areas. Despite the prevalence of heavy metals to the inert fractions, the significant affiliation of Cd to the readily mobile fractions of waste dump soils may suggest its release to have come from toxic constituents such as petroleum products that are associated with municipal wastes.
{"title":"Assessment of Dumpsite Soils in Mangrove Forest at Eagle Island, Nigeria: It’s Effect on Potential Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in the Environment","authors":"Ayobami Aigber, Aroloye O. Numbere","doi":"10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7463.19.10.390","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals can be absorbed by plants resulting to contamination of other organisms in the food chain. This study was intended to determine heavy metals in soil, their mobility factor and impact on flora and fauna. To determine bioavailability of metal ions in soil chemical speciation and mobility factor indices were calculated. The level of Fe, Pb, Zn and Cd in readily available forms were assessed in dumpsite soils within mangrove forest in the Eagle Island and compared with control (i.e., relatively undisturbed soil). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact and contribution of municipal waste discharge on alteration of soil quality and bioavailability of metals within the soil matrix. Samples of soil were collected in triplicate from five locations across the dump area while the control point was established at a less impacted area. Sampling was done in November 2018. Concentration of metal ion/species was analysed using GBC Avanta PM A6600 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Soils of the sampling area were acidic with pH values ranging between 4.55 and 5.74. The most important heavy metal fractions in the dumpsite soils were; Fe (residual fraction, 53.75%), Pb (residual fraction, 42.58%), Zn (Fe-Mn oxide fraction, 46.85%) and Cd (carbonate bound fraction, 37.77%). However, the less impacted soil was predominantly affiliated to the residual fractions of Fe (68.75%), Pb (54.86%), Zn (37.45%) and Cd (51.51%). Heavy metal mobility factor indices reflected the order: (Cd>Pb>Zn>Fe) for soils of both the solid waste dumpsite and control areas. Despite the prevalence of heavy metals to the inert fractions, the significant affiliation of Cd to the readily mobile fractions of waste dump soils may suggest its release to have come from toxic constituents such as petroleum products that are associated with municipal wastes.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77663511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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