Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000375
A. K. Shendge, B. Balapgol
The production of large quantities of bio mass of aquatic floating species especially waterweeds, during the aquatic phase of the flood-pulse characteristics for this ecosystem. Such bio mass could be wisely managed for the production of bio fuels. The aquatic biomass exploitation would require low fossil energy and material inputs leaving a positive energy balance, white minimal interference in the environment. And it is relatively less flammable as compared fossil diesel. It is significantly reduced level of particulate matter emission and also less harmful carbon emission. Currently biodiesel is becoming popular as an environmental friendly fuel. It has been used as in the automotive industry. A major source of energy for our society is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. But these sources are found out to be in the limited amounts of available, so those are depleting resources. Bio fuel is much better lubricant than petro diesel and extends engine life. An attempt was made to produce biodiesel from water weeds and discuss technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits of small scale biofuels such as improving energy access, generation and mitigating environmental pollution at both local and global levels. The obtained result indicated that waterweeds sample should variable sugar content (for 30% of H2SO4 sample) is 1% to 1.2% and Alcohol content should found 2% to 2.4% from 1.5 kg of waterweeds sample. Thus the study has demonstrated systematic approach to disposal of water weeds in solid waste management system. Biodiesel and bio-ethanol production is an alternative approach to fossil fuel.
{"title":"Generation of Bio-fuel by Using Waterweeds: A Case Study in Solapur City","authors":"A. K. Shendge, B. Balapgol","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000375","url":null,"abstract":"The production of large quantities of bio mass of aquatic floating species especially waterweeds, during the aquatic phase of the flood-pulse characteristics for this ecosystem. Such bio mass could be wisely managed for the production of bio fuels. The aquatic biomass exploitation would require low fossil energy and material inputs leaving a positive energy balance, white minimal interference in the environment. And it is relatively less flammable as compared fossil diesel. It is significantly reduced level of particulate matter emission and also less harmful carbon emission. Currently biodiesel is becoming popular as an environmental friendly fuel. It has been used as in the automotive industry. A major source of energy for our society is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. But these sources are found out to be in the limited amounts of available, so those are depleting resources. Bio fuel is much better lubricant than petro diesel and extends engine life. An attempt was made to produce biodiesel from water weeds and discuss technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits of small scale biofuels such as improving energy access, generation and mitigating environmental pollution at both local and global levels. The obtained result indicated that waterweeds sample should variable sugar content (for 30% of H2SO4 sample) is 1% to 1.2% and Alcohol content should found 2% to 2.4% from 1.5 kg of waterweeds sample. Thus the study has demonstrated systematic approach to disposal of water weeds in solid waste management system. Biodiesel and bio-ethanol production is an alternative approach to fossil fuel.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88979436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000363
H. Mimoun, F. Bouarar, O. Kaddour, N. Khettab
The Algerian gas condensate may be valuated as a raw matter to obtain maximum ethylene and propylene yields, the latter are used as first materials to produce polyethylene and polypropylene. It is judged utile to substitute ethane as pyrolysis feedstock by the Algerian condensate compounded with ethane. Several dilutions (5%, 10% and 20%) of the gas condensate and its fractions with ethane have been prepared to be used as pyrolysis feedstock. The effect of temperature, residence-time and steam flow on the yield of pyrolysis products have been studied well as their influence on the composition of pyro gas and liquid pyrolysis.
{"title":"Gas Condensate Valorization with Compounding of Ethane by Pyrolysis Process","authors":"H. Mimoun, F. Bouarar, O. Kaddour, N. Khettab","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000363","url":null,"abstract":"The Algerian gas condensate may be valuated as a raw matter to obtain maximum ethylene and propylene yields, the latter are used as first materials to produce polyethylene and polypropylene. It is judged utile to substitute ethane as pyrolysis feedstock by the Algerian condensate compounded with ethane. Several dilutions (5%, 10% and 20%) of the gas condensate and its fractions with ethane have been prepared to be used as pyrolysis feedstock. The effect of temperature, residence-time and steam flow on the yield of pyrolysis products have been studied well as their influence on the composition of pyro gas and liquid pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73005835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463-C3-045
pI M Al Nashefp
{"title":"Green solvents: Applications in petroleum refinery","authors":"pI M Al Nashefp","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463-C3-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463-C3-045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75349844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000360
Shivani Sharma, V. Sharma, Arindam Kuila
Lignocellulosic biofuel production mainly carried out by two ways: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). In the present study, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out using microwave assisted thermochemically pretreated (0.5 M NaOH for 20 minutes at 120°C in preheated oven) corn husk. Using co-cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Fusarium oxysporum, SSF process was optimized. Maximum ethanol production (6.24%, v/v) was observed after 24 h of incubation. Further for enhanced ethanol production, effect of different surfactant was carried out on SSF using co-culture strategy. It was found that addition of Tween 60 enhanced the ethanol production upto 6.38% (v/v). Further for addition enhancement of ethanol production, different co-culture strategy was adopted. It was found that maximum ethanol production (6.58% v/v) was obtained when ethanol fermentation was carried out by Fusarium oxysporum followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
木质纤维素生物燃料的生产主要通过两种方式进行:同步糖化发酵(SSF)和分离水解发酵(SHF)。在本研究中，利用微波辅助热化学预处理(0.5 M NaOH，在预热烤箱120℃下加热20分钟)玉米皮进行糖化发酵(SSF)。利用酿酒酵母和尖孢镰刀菌共培养，对SSF工艺进行了优化。孵育24 h后乙醇产量最高(6.24%，v/v)。为了进一步提高乙醇产量，采用共培养策略研究了不同表面活性剂对SSF的影响。结果表明，添加Tween 60可使乙醇产量提高6.38% (v/v)。为了进一步提高乙醇产量，采用了不同的共培养策略。结果表明，以尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)分别进行乙醇发酵时乙醇产量最高，为6.58% v/v。
{"title":"Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Corn Husk by Co-Culture Strategy","authors":"Shivani Sharma, V. Sharma, Arindam Kuila","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000360","url":null,"abstract":"Lignocellulosic biofuel production mainly carried out by two ways: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). In the present study, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out using microwave assisted thermochemically pretreated (0.5 M NaOH for 20 minutes at 120°C in preheated oven) corn husk. Using co-cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Fusarium oxysporum, SSF process was optimized. Maximum ethanol production (6.24%, v/v) was observed after 24 h of incubation. Further for enhanced ethanol production, effect of different surfactant was carried out on SSF using co-culture strategy. It was found that addition of Tween 60 enhanced the ethanol production upto 6.38% (v/v). Further for addition enhancement of ethanol production, different co-culture strategy was adopted. It was found that maximum ethanol production (6.58% v/v) was obtained when ethanol fermentation was carried out by Fusarium oxysporum followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74804855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000376
A. Susi, M. Mahrous, Khalid Elwegaa, P. L. Sims, L. Heinze, G. Asquith, M. Soliman, M. Sharafi
This study achieves two main goals. First, it develops a method that uses the Composite Layering Effect (CLE) Equation to predict the behavior of potential fractures in conventional and unconventional reservoirs from core samples. The second goal of this study is to determine how different mineralogical and elemental components affect the behavior of fractures predicted using the CLE equation. After the samples are fractured, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques are executed to measure the mineralogical and elemental compositions of the core samples respectively. In this method, core samples are first obtained from the formation. Next, X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) is used to determine if core samples have preexisting fractures. The samples are then fractured slightly using Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), in which a compressive-strength machine initiates fractures by applying uniaxial load and stopping automatically upon reaching a predetermined load. CT then confirms the existence of the new fractures, and Image J interprets the height–length ratio of each fracture. These results are used in calculating the CLE. The results of these experiments revealed the relationship between the mineral and elemental compositions of the rocks and the crack dimensions. It was seen that the presence of quartz and clay minerals had the strongest influence on the CLE value due to the brittle behavior of the quartz and ductile behavior of the clay minerals (nacrite). The highest CLE value was recorded for the shale sample that had a preexisting fracture. The fracture patterns developed in the shale samples were mainly parallel to one another. In contrast, the fracture patterns developed in sandstones started out parallel and later merged together to form a connected fracture network.
{"title":"Optimization of Composite Layering Effect Based on Measured FormationFracture Height to Length Ratios","authors":"A. Susi, M. Mahrous, Khalid Elwegaa, P. L. Sims, L. Heinze, G. Asquith, M. Soliman, M. Sharafi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000376","url":null,"abstract":"This study achieves two main goals. First, it develops a method that uses the Composite Layering Effect (CLE) Equation to predict the behavior of potential fractures in conventional and unconventional reservoirs from core samples. The second goal of this study is to determine how different mineralogical and elemental components affect the behavior of fractures predicted using the CLE equation. After the samples are fractured, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques are executed to measure the mineralogical and elemental compositions of the core samples respectively. In this method, core samples are first obtained from the formation. Next, X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) is used to determine if core samples have preexisting fractures. The samples are then fractured slightly using Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), in which a compressive-strength machine initiates fractures by applying uniaxial load and stopping automatically upon reaching a predetermined load. CT then confirms the existence of the new fractures, and Image J interprets the height–length ratio of each fracture. These results are used in calculating the CLE. The results of these experiments revealed the relationship between the mineral and elemental compositions of the rocks and the crack dimensions. It was seen that the presence of quartz and clay minerals had the strongest influence on the CLE value due to the brittle behavior of the quartz and ductile behavior of the clay minerals (nacrite). The highest CLE value was recorded for the shale sample that had a preexisting fracture. The fracture patterns developed in the shale samples were mainly parallel to one another. In contrast, the fracture patterns developed in sandstones started out parallel and later merged together to form a connected fracture network.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78804052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000358
M. Theyab
The main objective of this research is to estimate and discuss the effect of shear stress on wax deposition in the hydrocarbon pipeline. Two sets of experimental data were used to analyse the effect of shear stress on wax deposition with and without spiral flow at different inlet coolant temperatures and different flow rates. A new mathematical model was developed during this study to estimate the shear stress, because of the spiral flow, on wax deposition. The concept of this model was based on the forces that influence on the crude oil flow in the pipe, with and without inserting the twisted plate to create spiral flow, depending on the pressure drop along the pipe. The results are presented that, increasing the shear stress, because of the effect of the spiral flow, leads to decrease the wax deposit thickness with increasing the pressure drop while the shear stress decreased in the case of crude oil flow without spiral flow leading to increasing the wax deposit thickness. On the other hand, increasing the inlet coolant temperature leads to decrease the shear stress and wax thickness because of decreasing the value of the crude oil viscosity. This developed model can be considered as a base model for similar studies to calculate the shear stress in the fluid flow pipelines using the twisted plate to create spiral flow.
{"title":"The Effect of Shear Stress on Wax Deposit Thickness with and without Spiral Flow","authors":"M. Theyab","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000358","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research is to estimate and discuss the effect of shear stress on wax deposition in the hydrocarbon pipeline. Two sets of experimental data were used to analyse the effect of shear stress on wax deposition with and without spiral flow at different inlet coolant temperatures and different flow rates. A new mathematical model was developed during this study to estimate the shear stress, because of the spiral flow, on wax deposition. The concept of this model was based on the forces that influence on the crude oil flow in the pipe, with and without inserting the twisted plate to create spiral flow, depending on the pressure drop along the pipe. The results are presented that, increasing the shear stress, because of the effect of the spiral flow, leads to decrease the wax deposit thickness with increasing the pressure drop while the shear stress decreased in the case of crude oil flow without spiral flow leading to increasing the wax deposit thickness. On the other hand, increasing the inlet coolant temperature leads to decrease the shear stress and wax thickness because of decreasing the value of the crude oil viscosity. This developed model can be considered as a base model for similar studies to calculate the shear stress in the fluid flow pipelines using the twisted plate to create spiral flow.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86475843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000373
Modupeola To, Dixon Hg, Adewumi Ag
The field experiment was carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Idi-Ishin Jericho, Ibadan to determine the growth and herbage yield of Lagos spinach (Celosia argentea L.) as affected by different tillage methods and plant spacing. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving twelve treatments, replicated three times. The plot size used was 2 m × 3 m with 1 m path ways between plots and 1 m between replicates. The treatments were different plant spacing (15 cm × 30 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 30 cm) and tillage methods (raise bed, ridges and flatbed). The result showed that the plants from raised bed at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm (111,111 plants per ha) gave the highest response in terms of average growth parameters that were considered at 7 WAP and the yield value after harvesting at 8th week. The spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm from raised bed gave the highest fresh herbage yield of the Celosia planted.
在伊巴丹州杰里科市国家园艺研究所(NIHORT)进行了田间试验，以确定不同耕作方式和种植间距对拉各斯菠菜(Celosia argentea L.)生长和牧草产量的影响。实验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，共12个处理，重复3次。样地面积为2 m × 3 m，样地间距为1 m，重复间距为1 m。不同株距(15 cm × 30 cm、30 cm × 30 cm、45 cm × 30 cm和60 cm × 30 cm)和不同耕作方式(垄作、垄作和平作)处理。结果表明，从7 WAP时的平均生长参数和收获后第8周的产量值看，30 cm × 30 cm(111,111株/ hm2)垄作苗床的响应最高。栽培床距30cm × 30cm时，草木鲜草产量最高。
{"title":"Effect of Different Tillage Methods and Plant Spacing on Growth and HerbageYield of Lagos Spinach ( Celosia argentea L.)","authors":"Modupeola To, Dixon Hg, Adewumi Ag","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000373","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Idi-Ishin Jericho, Ibadan to determine the growth and herbage yield of Lagos spinach (Celosia argentea L.) as affected by different tillage methods and plant spacing. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving twelve treatments, replicated three times. The plot size used was 2 m × 3 m with 1 m path ways between plots and 1 m between replicates. The treatments were different plant spacing (15 cm × 30 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 30 cm) and tillage methods (raise bed, ridges and flatbed). The result showed that the plants from raised bed at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm (111,111 plants per ha) gave the highest response in terms of average growth parameters that were considered at 7 WAP and the yield value after harvesting at 8th week. The spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm from raised bed gave the highest fresh herbage yield of the Celosia planted.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76189890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000368
J. Rima, Karine Assakera
Spilled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oils and dyes on water surface involve a big environmental risk. The clean-up of such pollutants consist a challenge from economic and environmental points of view. The absorbent of oils or PAH must have buoyancy, high uptake ratio oil/water, reusable and biodegradable. In this study, β-Cyclodextrin polymerized with beetroot fibers (Bio-polymer), was prepared and applied to remove oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and dyes from water. The Bio-polymer was prepared by copolymerization of beetroot with β-cyclodextrin polyurethane at 70°C. The prepared new material was characterized by means of granulometry, Scanning Electronic Microscopy and FTIR. The investigation into the use of cross-linked cyclodextrin polyurethanes with beetroot fibers as adsorbents for organic pollutants showed significant results. The effectiveness to eliminate dyes such as methylene blue and Rhoda mine B with concentrations around 100 ppm and 150 ppm respectively, was more than 99%, while the pyrene, which was chosen as an example among PAHs, showed a potential of elimination exceeding the 96 % for solutions of 30 ppm. Furthermore, spilled motor oils were tested and showed an efficacy exceeding the 90g oil per one g of biopolymers. The results indicated that the biopolymer developed in this study is a promising material for the removal of mixed pollutants from industrial wastewater and good sorbent for spilled oil clean-up applications. After the biopolymer’s application, yeast has been used for its biodegradation. The biodegradation, led to complete mineralization of organic contaminants and transform them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic compounds. The biopolymer weight polluted was reduced by biodegradation process to 15% of its initial mass.
{"title":"β-Cyclodextrin Polyurethanes Copolymerized with Beetroot Fibers (Bio-Polymer) to Clean-Up Water Polluted by Organics and Spilled-Oil.","authors":"J. Rima, Karine Assakera","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000368","url":null,"abstract":"Spilled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oils and dyes on water surface involve a big environmental risk. The clean-up of such pollutants consist a challenge from economic and environmental points of view. The absorbent of oils or PAH must have buoyancy, high uptake ratio oil/water, reusable and biodegradable. In this study, β-Cyclodextrin polymerized with beetroot fibers (Bio-polymer), was prepared and applied to remove oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and dyes from water. The Bio-polymer was prepared by copolymerization of beetroot with β-cyclodextrin polyurethane at 70°C. The prepared new material was characterized by means of granulometry, Scanning Electronic Microscopy and FTIR. The investigation into the use of cross-linked cyclodextrin polyurethanes with beetroot fibers as adsorbents for organic pollutants showed significant results. The effectiveness to eliminate dyes such as methylene blue and Rhoda mine B with concentrations around 100 ppm and 150 ppm respectively, was more than 99%, while the pyrene, which was chosen as an example among PAHs, showed a potential of elimination exceeding the 96 % for solutions of 30 ppm. Furthermore, spilled motor oils were tested and showed an efficacy exceeding the 90g oil per one g of biopolymers. The results indicated that the biopolymer developed in this study is a promising material for the removal of mixed pollutants from industrial wastewater and good sorbent for spilled oil clean-up applications. After the biopolymer’s application, yeast has been used for its biodegradation. The biodegradation, led to complete mineralization of organic contaminants and transform them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic compounds. The biopolymer weight polluted was reduced by biodegradation process to 15% of its initial mass.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89759664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000351
N. Rossiana, I. Indrawati, Yulisa Mustika
The research on utilization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), vermicompost (VC), domestic compost (DC) and leachate (L) as inoculum of microorganisms in bioremediation of 30% oil sludge was conducted. The aim of this study was to obtain the most suitable inoculum in bioremediation of oil sludge. TPH and C/N ratios were analyzed on 15 days of interval, while Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals were measured at the beginning (H-0) and the end of experiment (H-45) for 45 days of experiment. The additional parameters such as acidity (pH), temperature (°C), and humidity of medium (%) were measured. The results showed that all inoculums (SMS, VC, DC and L) affect the diminution of TPH as much as 27.7%, 20.9%, 24.8% and 24.20%, respectively. On the other hand, SMS and VC were able to decrease C/N ratio as much as 18% and 4%, respectively. By contrast, DC and L increased C/N ratio as much as 33% and 1.14%, respectively. In this study, inoculum of SMS and L were able to decrease Cr content (16% and 5.88%, respectively). However, Hg content diminished (29%) only in oil sludge medium with SMS inoculum. The PAH compound can be degraded by all types of inoculum with carbon chain ranged from C6-C54 into shorter carbon chain (C6-C30).
{"title":"Application of Vermicompost, Spent Mushroom Substrate, Domestic Compost and Leachate as Inoculum on Bioremediation of Oil Sludge","authors":"N. Rossiana, I. Indrawati, Yulisa Mustika","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"The research on utilization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), vermicompost (VC), domestic compost (DC) and leachate (L) as inoculum of microorganisms in bioremediation of 30% oil sludge was conducted. The aim of this study was to obtain the most suitable inoculum in bioremediation of oil sludge. TPH and C/N ratios were analyzed on 15 days of interval, while Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals were measured at the beginning (H-0) and the end of experiment (H-45) for 45 days of experiment. The additional parameters such as acidity (pH), temperature (°C), and humidity of medium (%) were measured. The results showed that all inoculums (SMS, VC, DC and L) affect the diminution of TPH as much as 27.7%, 20.9%, 24.8% and 24.20%, respectively. On the other hand, SMS and VC were able to decrease C/N ratio as much as 18% and 4%, respectively. By contrast, DC and L increased C/N ratio as much as 33% and 1.14%, respectively. In this study, inoculum of SMS and L were able to decrease Cr content (16% and 5.88%, respectively). However, Hg content diminished (29%) only in oil sludge medium with SMS inoculum. The PAH compound can be degraded by all types of inoculum with carbon chain ranged from C6-C54 into shorter carbon chain (C6-C30).","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87835096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-26DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000353
T. Sangeetha, S. Elumalai, D. Roopsingh, G. Rajeshkanna
Hydrocarbons are a linear chain of carbon and hydrogen rich molecules serve as fuel from fossil source from the deep underground. Due to rapid population explosion followed by dynamic development in the Industrial sector, the Indian sub-continent is spending lot of money on energy to the Middle East Countries. Therefore, exploration of hydrocarbon rich regions within our country is one of the needful mission to cut-short the cost of fuel. As a novel theme, the hydrocarbon exploration study was carried out at five different locations each for freshwater site (Cauvery Riverbed region) and Marine site (Chennai Coastal region). About 100 g of soil samples from ten different sampling sites were collected by digging the ground up to three feet deep in both the riverbed and marine coastal sites. Then the soil samples were analyzed for different physio-chemical parameters such as pH, moisture content, nitrogen, potassium, sodium, magnesium phosphorous, total organic carbon, Sulphur, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and nickel. For hydrocarbon analysis, the soil samples were subjected to hydrocarbon extraction by Soxhlet extraction method and analyzed by GC-MS by using standards for polyaromatic hydrocarbons including Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, 2-Bromo-Naphthalene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Fluoranthene, Chrysene, Benz [a] anthracene, Benzo [b] fluoranthene, Benzo [ghi] perylene, Dibenz [a,h] anthracene and Indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene. The final result confirms that the hydrocarbon content was high in the soil samples of Chennai Coastal sites than the Cauvery freshwater riverbed regions. This may be due to high biochemical depositions of dead particles and algae in the sediments of marine coastal regions for a very long period. And this is a preliminary study to explore hydrocarbons in the soil sediments by exploring hydrocarbons from small pits as biochemical markers.
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