Pub Date : 2017-02-05DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000317
Saeed Morsali
Oil refineries are complex facilities. Several processes, such as distillation, vacuum distillation, or steam reforming are required to produce a large variety of oil products such as gasoline, light fuel oil or bitumen. The environmental impacts of oil refineries are assessed using the technique of life cycle assessment (LCA). In this paper, only the material production phase of the bitumen life cycle is considered. To improve the quality of the LCA, a regionalized life cycle inventory (LCI) database for the Oil refineries and commercial LCI databases are used to validate and model unit processes with LCA software.
{"title":"Damage Assessment of Bitumen Refineries Using Simapro (LCA) Inventory Data","authors":"Saeed Morsali","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Oil refineries are complex facilities. Several processes, such as distillation, vacuum distillation, or steam reforming are required to produce a large variety of oil products such as gasoline, light fuel oil or bitumen. The environmental impacts of oil refineries are assessed using the technique of life cycle assessment (LCA). In this paper, only the material production phase of the bitumen life cycle is considered. To improve the quality of the LCA, a regionalized life cycle inventory (LCI) database for the Oil refineries and commercial LCI databases are used to validate and model unit processes with LCA software.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74748526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-05DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000318
Aboul Fotouh Tm, O. A. Mazen, I. Ashour
The objective of this work is to investigate the production possibility of high octane environmental ethanol gasoline blends based on Euro specifications. The environmental gasoline is the key element to keep the environment safe and clean. Moreover, it reduces gas emissions after combustion of gasoline. One of the main methods to produce the environmental gasoline is blending gasoline with oxygenated compounds such as ethanol. Ethanol is chosen among other oxygenated compounds as it has a high influence on physico-chemical characteristics of gasoline rather than other oxygenated compounds. In addition, it has a high octane number as well as it is not polluting the environment and clean additive. In the experimental study, the choice of environmental gasolines are based on Euro- 3 specifications for samples without ethanol blend and Euro-5 specifications for samples with ethanol blend; after upgrading. Various blend stocks have been prepared which have reformate, isomerate, full refinery naphtha (FRN), heavy straight run naphtha (HSRN), hydrocracked naphtha, heavy hydrocracked naphtha, coker naphtha and heavy coker naphtha. In this study, ASTM standard methods are performed for spark ignition fuels to characterize its physical and chemical properties. The results show that one has exhibited the optimum specifications of Euro-3 and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 755.11 Kg/m3 of density, 55.88 of °API and 95 of RON, 88 of MON, 40% by volume of aromatic content and 0.66% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve shows that the volume percentage at 150°C is 83. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 198°C is 96% respectively. While another sample has the poorest physical as well as chemical properties so that it is blended with ethanol to upgrade its characteristics. Therefore, the target is determining the optimum ethanol volume percent to be blended with poorest sample to yield the highest properties of gasoline. These blends are namely as E0, E5, E10, E15, E20. The results indicate that E5 is the optimum one for Euro-5 specifications after upgrading and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 745.55 Kg/m3 of density, 58 of oAPI, 101 of RON, 98 of MON, 32.65% by volume of aromatic content and 0.47% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve illustrates that the volume percentage at 150°C is 75. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 190°C and 97% respectively. In addition, its Reid vapor pressure equals 8.1 psi and the heat of combustion equals 35 MJ/L. In the final, Blending gasoline with ethanol is an essential issue concerning the production of environmental gasolines.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Influence of Ethanol and Automotive GasolineBlends","authors":"Aboul Fotouh Tm, O. A. Mazen, I. Ashour","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to investigate the production possibility of high octane environmental ethanol gasoline blends based on Euro specifications. The environmental gasoline is the key element to keep the environment safe and clean. Moreover, it reduces gas emissions after combustion of gasoline. One of the main methods to produce the environmental gasoline is blending gasoline with oxygenated compounds such as ethanol. Ethanol is chosen among other oxygenated compounds as it has a high influence on physico-chemical characteristics of gasoline rather than other oxygenated compounds. In addition, it has a high octane number as well as it is not polluting the environment and clean additive. In the experimental study, the choice of environmental gasolines are based on Euro- 3 specifications for samples without ethanol blend and Euro-5 specifications for samples with ethanol blend; after upgrading. Various blend stocks have been prepared which have reformate, isomerate, full refinery naphtha (FRN), heavy straight run naphtha (HSRN), hydrocracked naphtha, heavy hydrocracked naphtha, coker naphtha and heavy coker naphtha. In this study, ASTM standard methods are performed for spark ignition fuels to characterize its physical and chemical properties. The results show that one has exhibited the optimum specifications of Euro-3 and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 755.11 Kg/m3 of density, 55.88 of °API and 95 of RON, 88 of MON, 40% by volume of aromatic content and 0.66% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve shows that the volume percentage at 150°C is 83. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 198°C is 96% respectively. While another sample has the poorest physical as well as chemical properties so that it is blended with ethanol to upgrade its characteristics. Therefore, the target is determining the optimum ethanol volume percent to be blended with poorest sample to yield the highest properties of gasoline. These blends are namely as E0, E5, E10, E15, E20. The results indicate that E5 is the optimum one for Euro-5 specifications after upgrading and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 745.55 Kg/m3 of density, 58 of oAPI, 101 of RON, 98 of MON, 32.65% by volume of aromatic content and 0.47% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve illustrates that the volume percentage at 150°C is 75. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 190°C and 97% respectively. In addition, its Reid vapor pressure equals 8.1 psi and the heat of combustion equals 35 MJ/L. In the final, Blending gasoline with ethanol is an essential issue concerning the production of environmental gasolines.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84331113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-05DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000316
J. Agbakwuru, A. Ogunlana, O. Oshagbemi, Rahman Ma, S. Imtiaz
One of the problems encountered in drilling, especially in offshore environments is “kicks”. Kick is a sudden pressure imbalance in the wellbore during drilling operation. When this imbalances in pressure occurs the reservoir pressure has the ability to push the reservoir fluid into the wellbore. This may create a catastrophic event such as blow-out of the drilling rig. Thus, prior detection of the kick situation is critical to prevent any such catastrophic event. Currently, a kick situation is predicted or detected observing the properties of returned drilling mud from the wellbore. This method is not reliable as well as time consuming. The objective of this study is to develop a tool that will enable the prediction and detection of kick situations in managed pressure drilling (MPD). To achieve this goal, a two-phase experiment is conducted in 7.62 cm and 5 m long vertical pipe section. Instead of periodic sampling for kick situations, the newly developed tool enables the continuous monitoring of kick situations.
{"title":"Characterization of Dynamic Pressure Response in Vertical Two Phase Flow","authors":"J. Agbakwuru, A. Ogunlana, O. Oshagbemi, Rahman Ma, S. Imtiaz","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems encountered in drilling, especially in offshore environments is “kicks”. Kick is a sudden pressure imbalance in the wellbore during drilling operation. When this imbalances in pressure occurs the reservoir pressure has the ability to push the reservoir fluid into the wellbore. This may create a catastrophic event such as blow-out of the drilling rig. Thus, prior detection of the kick situation is critical to prevent any such catastrophic event. Currently, a kick situation is predicted or detected observing the properties of returned drilling mud from the wellbore. This method is not reliable as well as time consuming. The objective of this study is to develop a tool that will enable the prediction and detection of kick situations in managed pressure drilling (MPD). To achieve this goal, a two-phase experiment is conducted in 7.62 cm and 5 m long vertical pipe section. Instead of periodic sampling for kick situations, the newly developed tool enables the continuous monitoring of kick situations.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"144 2 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000315
Asif Zamir, N. A. Siddiqui
Mud cake is the solid particles deposited on the pores of the formation creating a form of barrier when the drilling fluid is forced against the formation under an applied pressure. The mud cake formed along the open hole formation may cause differential pipe sticking and increases torque and drag forces of the drill pipe. This causes drilling operator to stop drilling and perform frequent tripping or over pull to release the stuck pipe. This event may lead to Non-Productive Time (NPT) and increases the operational cost. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between Nano Clay based water based mud (WBM) with mud cake thickness and comparing it with the conventional clay based mud (WBM). In this research study, we could only managed to get nano clay between 90 nm to 100 nm. Mud cake thickness, filtrate volume and rheology of the drilling fluids parameters are studied. It was found that the mud cake thickness of Nano-WBM using Nano Clay is half compared to base mud using conventional clay. However, the filtrate collected and the rheological properties show an adverse impact of the drilling fluid performance.
{"title":"Investigating and Enhancing Mud Cake Reduction Using Smart Nano ClayBased WBM","authors":"Asif Zamir, N. A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Mud cake is the solid particles deposited on the pores of the formation creating a form of barrier when the drilling fluid is forced against the formation under an applied pressure. The mud cake formed along the open hole formation may cause differential pipe sticking and increases torque and drag forces of the drill pipe. This causes drilling operator to stop drilling and perform frequent tripping or over pull to release the stuck pipe. This event may lead to Non-Productive Time (NPT) and increases the operational cost. \u0000The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between Nano Clay based water based mud (WBM) with mud cake thickness and comparing it with the conventional clay based mud (WBM). In this research study, we could only managed to get nano clay between 90 nm to 100 nm. Mud cake thickness, filtrate volume and rheology of the drilling fluids parameters are studied. It was found that the mud cake thickness of Nano-WBM using Nano Clay is half compared to base mud using conventional clay. However, the filtrate collected and the rheological properties show an adverse impact of the drilling fluid performance.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83563925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000344
Trinh Q Nguyen
The paper is presented the evaluation of the oil spill simulation backward in time with some input data conditions such as the environment factors (from simple to complex conditions) and oil spill data (from one to multifarious). The scientific basis is used the hypothesis of the mathematical basis forward in time, the physical phenomena backward in time (reverse phase) and non-negative requirements. The oil spill process is calculated with important components involved in the simulation such as physical, weathering and oil properties change. The East Vietnam Sea was chosen to apply the study that oil spill incident data was used in the past and especially in 2007 and 2008. The simulation results are considered and determined with concentration and layer thickness of oil spill on sea that they always appear in small areas. This area has a peak concentration value that jumps over nearby surroundings for a short period of time. This time interval depends on the environmental factors that make the input data condition. Hence, the surrounding higher concentrations are predicted oil streaks that could have survived in the past. Finally, the peak concentration area is predicted for the possibility of an oil spill emission source in the past. Besides, this study may still not be optimized so they will continue to be solved in the future.
{"title":"Research and Development for Oil Spill Simulation Backward in Time at East Vietnam Sea","authors":"Trinh Q Nguyen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is presented the evaluation of the oil spill simulation backward in time with some input data conditions such as the environment factors (from simple to complex conditions) and oil spill data (from one to multifarious). The scientific basis is used the hypothesis of the mathematical basis forward in time, the physical phenomena backward in time (reverse phase) and non-negative requirements. The oil spill process is calculated with important components involved in the simulation such as physical, weathering and oil properties change. The East Vietnam Sea was chosen to apply the study that oil spill incident data was used in the past and especially in 2007 and 2008. The simulation results are considered and determined with concentration and layer thickness of oil spill on sea that they always appear in small areas. This area has a peak concentration value that jumps over nearby surroundings for a short period of time. This time interval depends on the environmental factors that make the input data condition. Hence, the surrounding higher concentrations are predicted oil streaks that could have survived in the past. Finally, the peak concentration area is predicted for the possibility of an oil spill emission source in the past. Besides, this study may still not be optimized so they will continue to be solved in the future.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83046182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000346
O. Sunday, A. Adeyinka, O. S. Ojo
Source rock evaluation of the Lake Chad area of the Bornu Basin which contains a comparatively thicker sedimentary succession based on interpreted seismic and gravity data was undertaken in this study. A total of twenty-nine shale samples from three wells (Kutchali-1, Faltu-1 and Herwa-1) were analysed to arrive at the bulk geochemical properties, organic matter particles and vitrinite reflectance (VR) data of the strata penetrated by the wells. The Lake Chad area appears to contain the main ingredients required to make a rich source rock with over 96% of the total organic carbon (TOC) values being in the range of 0.63-2.88 wt% and over 95% having Tmax greater than 435°C in most of the sampled intervals. The variation of Tmax and VR with depth in the wells reveals irregular decreases or subtle decreasing trends that are suggestive of cooling in the basin’s thermal history probably as a result of uplift and erosion. The uplift could have been caused by epeirogenic movement or by folding related to the Santonian inversion witnessed by the West African Rift Subsystem. In terms of hydrocarbon generation potential, most of the samples have HI values greater than 50 mgHC/g TOC, but generally less than 200 mgHC/g TOC. These HI values suggest dominance of Type III with less Type II Kerogen; thus, a predominantly predominantly gas prone area. A study of some bulk geochemical parameters (TOC, Tmax and HI) of the three study wells has revealed that the succession penetrated by one of them (Faltu-1 well) contains several potential gas source intervals and two potential oil source intervals with the latter probably lying between 2500 m and 3000 m depth.
{"title":"Source Rock Evaluation in The Lake Chad Area of the Bornu Basin, Nigeria","authors":"O. Sunday, A. Adeyinka, O. S. Ojo","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"Source rock evaluation of the Lake Chad area of the Bornu Basin which contains a comparatively thicker sedimentary succession based on interpreted seismic and gravity data was undertaken in this study. A total of twenty-nine shale samples from three wells (Kutchali-1, Faltu-1 and Herwa-1) were analysed to arrive at the bulk geochemical properties, organic matter particles and vitrinite reflectance (VR) data of the strata penetrated by the wells. The Lake Chad area appears to contain the main ingredients required to make a rich source rock with over 96% of the total organic carbon (TOC) values being in the range of 0.63-2.88 wt% and over 95% having Tmax greater than 435°C in most of the sampled intervals. The variation of Tmax and VR with depth in the wells reveals irregular decreases or subtle decreasing trends that are suggestive of cooling in the basin’s thermal history probably as a result of uplift and erosion. The uplift could have been caused by epeirogenic movement or by folding related to the Santonian inversion witnessed by the West African Rift Subsystem. In terms of hydrocarbon generation potential, most of the samples have HI values greater than 50 mgHC/g TOC, but generally less than 200 mgHC/g TOC. These HI values suggest dominance of Type III with less Type II Kerogen; thus, a predominantly predominantly gas prone area. A study of some bulk geochemical parameters (TOC, Tmax and HI) of the three study wells has revealed that the succession penetrated by one of them (Faltu-1 well) contains several potential gas source intervals and two potential oil source intervals with the latter probably lying between 2500 m and 3000 m depth.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79832463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000341
Shaheen Shah, Nasirul Islam, S. Hossain, Ābu Henā, N. Jamil, S. Chowdhury, A. Al-Hossain
Chemical reagents such as Lithium base grease, Calcium base grease, Aluminum base grease which are reduced the mechanical friction and increase the performance of machines with adding various additives molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), Graphite, Boron Nitrite. Dropping point is an indicator of heat resistance of the grease. The dropping point indicates the upper temperature limit at which grease retains its structure. If, failure the grease against high temperature then occurs friction and increase load. When load is increase then the fuel engine does not give the satisfy output. The paper estimated the dropping point of those grease. A.S.T.M standard D-566 used for estimated dropping of the greases. The dropping point of Lithium base grease, Calcium base grease, Aluminum base grease are estimated 195°C, 95°C, and 110°C respectively. The dropping point of mixed base grease i.e., Calcium 50% + Lithium 50%, Lithium 50% + Aluminum 50% and Calcium 50% +Aluminum 50% are 140°C, 158°C and 152°C respectively. The dropping of mixed base grease is higher than the individuals of the greases. The use of the calcium base grease also act is a water and repellant and corrosion protective. This paper represents that Aluminum 50% + Calcium 50% mixed base grease is showing the best performance against high temperature with protects the corrosion.
{"title":"A Prospective analysis on Minimization of Mechanical Friction of Fuel Engine using Chemical Reagents","authors":"Shaheen Shah, Nasirul Islam, S. Hossain, Ābu Henā, N. Jamil, S. Chowdhury, A. Al-Hossain","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical reagents such as Lithium base grease, Calcium base grease, Aluminum base grease which are reduced the mechanical friction and increase the performance of machines with adding various additives molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), Graphite, Boron Nitrite. Dropping point is an indicator of heat resistance of the grease. The dropping point indicates the upper temperature limit at which grease retains its structure. If, failure the grease against high temperature then occurs friction and increase load. When load is increase then the fuel engine does not give the satisfy output. The paper estimated the dropping point of those grease. A.S.T.M standard D-566 used for estimated dropping of the greases. The dropping point of Lithium base grease, Calcium base grease, Aluminum base grease are estimated 195°C, 95°C, and 110°C respectively. The dropping point of mixed base grease i.e., Calcium 50% + Lithium 50%, Lithium 50% + Aluminum 50% and Calcium 50% +Aluminum 50% are 140°C, 158°C and 152°C respectively. The dropping of mixed base grease is higher than the individuals of the greases. The use of the calcium base grease also act is a water and repellant and corrosion protective. This paper represents that Aluminum 50% + Calcium 50% mixed base grease is showing the best performance against high temperature with protects the corrosion.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83494044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000345
A. T. Al-Hameedi, H. Alkinani, S. Dunn-Norman, R. Flori, Steven Hilgedick, A. Amer
Wells drilled in Rumaila field are highly susceptible to lost circulation problems when drilling through the Hartha formation. This paper presents an extended statistical work and sensitivity analysis models of lost circulation events in more than 100 wells drilled in Rumaila field. Lost circulation data are extracted from daily drilling reports, final reports, and technical reports. The volume loss model is conducted to predict the mud losses in the Hartha formation. Observations that are made from the volume loss model are ECD, MW, and Yp have a significant impact on lost circulation respectively; however, SPM, RPM, and ROP have a minor effect on the mud losses. Equivalent circulation density model is obtained to estimate ECD in the Hartha zone, and from this model can be deduced that MW, ROP, and Q have a significant impact on ECD respectively; nevertheless, RPM and Yp have a minor impact on the ECD. The rate of penetration model is made to estimate ROP in the Hatha zone. It is concluded that WOB, RPM, and SPM have a significant impact on the ROP respectively. Due to the lack of published studies for the Hartha formation, this work can serve as a practical resource for drilling through this formation.
{"title":"Limiting Key Drilling Parameters to Avoid or Mitigate Mud Losses in the Hartha Formation, Rumaila Field, Iraq","authors":"A. T. Al-Hameedi, H. Alkinani, S. Dunn-Norman, R. Flori, Steven Hilgedick, A. Amer","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"Wells drilled in Rumaila field are highly susceptible to lost circulation problems when drilling through the Hartha formation. This paper presents an extended statistical work and sensitivity analysis models of lost circulation events in more than 100 wells drilled in Rumaila field. Lost circulation data are extracted from daily drilling reports, final reports, and technical reports. The volume loss model is conducted to predict the mud losses in the Hartha formation. Observations that are made from the volume loss model are ECD, MW, and Yp have a significant impact on lost circulation respectively; however, SPM, RPM, and ROP have a minor effect on the mud losses. Equivalent circulation density model is obtained to estimate ECD in the Hartha zone, and from this model can be deduced that MW, ROP, and Q have a significant impact on ECD respectively; nevertheless, RPM and Yp have a minor impact on the ECD. The rate of penetration model is made to estimate ROP in the Hatha zone. It is concluded that WOB, RPM, and SPM have a significant impact on the ROP respectively. Due to the lack of published studies for the Hartha formation, this work can serve as a practical resource for drilling through this formation.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74564043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000342
E. Khair
Recently, Frac packing was investigated to improve the economic returns of the reservoirs through the reduction of formation damage and controlling sanding from unconsolidated formation. The technique is applied for high permeability formations, in which the well production rate is affect by fracture conductivity rather than fracture length; therefore, short fat fracture with a good slurry concentration is required. The optimization of these parameters is the major factor for successful job; the optimization can be achieved through the combination of reservoir model with fracture model and tip screen-out (TSO) concept. On the basis of the formation characteristics, fracture length and conductivity with in-situ stress the effect of pump schedule was addressed for Tip Screen Out fracture through a well in Fula oilfield in Sudan. 3D fracture simulation software (FRACPRO PT) was used with TSO concept to address the effect of pump rate and proppant concentration on the obtained fracture. The study presented the proppant distribution is highly affected by the injection rate, and an injection rate of 3.5 was selected to avoid sanding as a result of bad proppant distribution. Also, it was observed that the fracture geometry is affected by pump rate and proppant concentration.
{"title":"Effect of Pump Schedule on Fracture Geometry and Shape during Frac Packing Job","authors":"E. Khair","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Frac packing was investigated to improve the economic returns of the reservoirs through the reduction of formation damage and controlling sanding from unconsolidated formation. The technique is applied for high permeability formations, in which the well production rate is affect by fracture conductivity rather than fracture length; therefore, short fat fracture with a good slurry concentration is required. The optimization of these parameters is the major factor for successful job; the optimization can be achieved through the combination of reservoir model with fracture model and tip screen-out (TSO) concept. On the basis of the formation characteristics, fracture length and conductivity with in-situ stress the effect of pump schedule was addressed for Tip Screen Out fracture through a well in Fula oilfield in Sudan. 3D fracture simulation software (FRACPRO PT) was used with TSO concept to address the effect of pump rate and proppant concentration on the obtained fracture. The study presented the proppant distribution is highly affected by the injection rate, and an injection rate of 3.5 was selected to avoid sanding as a result of bad proppant distribution. Also, it was observed that the fracture geometry is affected by pump rate and proppant concentration.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"212 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75936148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000349
S. EhsanEshraghi, Y. Kazemzadeh, M. Qahramanpour, A. Kazemi
Interfacial-Tension (IFT)/contact angle measurements and several core-floods are performed to characterize the as-prepared samples and evaluate the efficacy of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and SDS surfactant in Enhanced-Oil-Recovery (EOR). NPs decreases the oil/solution IFT more than the surfactant solution and much more than reservoir brine. The optimum concentration of silica NPs in surfactant solution is determined to achieve in highest IFT reduction. Also, contact angle measurements unraveled the vital role of the synthesized NPs hydrophilic nature in altering the wettability to strongly water-wet. Consecutive core flood examinations corroborated the significant improvement of the surfactant performance in EOR by the NPs.
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