Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000386
F. Omoruwou, Abowei Mfn, Ogundigba Tj, Owabor Cn
The development of local nutrients to enhance remediation of petroleum polluted soil mediums motivated this study. The study therefore, aimed at evaluating effectiveness of cow-dung for bioremediation of petroleum polluted loamy soil environment in the Niger delta area. The study was conducted in two distinct criteria, that is, petroleum polluted loamy soil with no Cow Dung Nutrient (NN) and petroleum polluted loamy soil with cow-dung Nutrient (WN) mediums. The two experimental set-ups were mixed manually to obtain homogeneity of impaction. Average weight measuring 3.2 kg Loamy Soil, Cow-dung 0.5 kg with ranging petroleum volume 50-190 ml for time ranging from 0 to 32 days at intervals of 25 ml petroleum and 4 days exposure time were used in the evaluation study. The evaluation was carried out based on Total Petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration CTPH as a function of petroleum quantity (v) discharged and exposure time (t). The results obtained showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (CTPH) increases with increase in the quantity of petroleum discharged at constant exposure time for both NN and WN. Similarly, the TPH concentration (CTPH) decreases with increase in exposure time at constant quantity of petroleum discharged. The TPH concentration (CTPH) shows rapid biodegradability with (WN) than those of (NN) indicating that Cow-dung is a good nutrient for bioremediation of polluted sites. In addition, generalized predictive models for the bio-simulation of TPH concentration (CTPH) as a function of petroleum physical properties, soil conductivity and cow dung mass for NN and WN are developed using Abowei modified Raleigh dimensional approach. The models showed that TPH concentration (CTPH) demonstrated density independency for NN and dependency for WN. The predictive models as developed are:
{"title":"Evaluation of Cow-Dung Effectiveness for Bioremediation in Petroleum Polluted Loamy Soil Site","authors":"F. Omoruwou, Abowei Mfn, Ogundigba Tj, Owabor Cn","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000386","url":null,"abstract":"The development of local nutrients to enhance remediation of petroleum polluted soil mediums motivated this study. The study therefore, aimed at evaluating effectiveness of cow-dung for bioremediation of petroleum polluted loamy soil environment in the Niger delta area. The study was conducted in two distinct criteria, that is, petroleum polluted loamy soil with no Cow Dung Nutrient (NN) and petroleum polluted loamy soil with cow-dung Nutrient (WN) mediums. The two experimental set-ups were mixed manually to obtain homogeneity of impaction. Average weight measuring 3.2 kg Loamy Soil, Cow-dung 0.5 kg with ranging petroleum volume 50-190 ml for time ranging from 0 to 32 days at intervals of 25 ml petroleum and 4 days exposure time were used in the evaluation study. The evaluation was carried out based on Total Petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration CTPH as a function of petroleum quantity (v) discharged and exposure time (t). The results obtained showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (CTPH) increases with increase in the quantity of petroleum discharged at constant exposure time for both NN and WN. Similarly, the TPH concentration (CTPH) decreases with increase in exposure time at constant quantity of petroleum discharged. The TPH concentration (CTPH) shows rapid biodegradability with (WN) than those of (NN) indicating that Cow-dung is a good nutrient for bioremediation of polluted sites. In addition, generalized predictive models for the bio-simulation of TPH concentration (CTPH) as a function of petroleum physical properties, soil conductivity and cow dung mass for NN and WN are developed using Abowei modified Raleigh dimensional approach. The models showed that TPH concentration (CTPH) demonstrated density independency for NN and dependency for WN. The predictive models as developed are:","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75643173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhamnolipids are a very promising class of biosurfactants exhibiting properties of great interest in several industrial applications, but they are not widely used because of the low yield and the high cost of production. In this study, a metabolic engineering strategy was used to construct the engineered strains DNAB and DNC through introducing rhlAB and rhlC genes respectively to Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type strain DN1, as well as optimization of nutritional parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources were assessed simultaneously, with the purpose of promoting the productivity of rhamnolipids. Both engineered strain DNAB and DNC had higher yield of rhamnolipids than the DN1 under the same conditions by means of increasing the copy number of rhlAB and rhlC genes, respectively. Of particular importance was olive oil and sodium nitrate as the optimal sole carbon and nitrogen source separately, engineered strain DNAB had the highest rhamnolipid yields 1.28-fold and 1.25-fold of the DN1, and engineered strain DNC had the highest rhamnolipid yields 1.36-fold and 1.43-fold of the DN1. The ideal C/N ratio was found to be 20 that increased specific rhamnolipid productivity to 19.5 g/L and 22.5 g/L of the engineered strains, a certain amount to 1.39-fold and 1.61-fold of DN1 strain respectively. Meanwhile, there was a difference of the identified rhamnolipids between wild-type and engineered strains by ESI-MS analysis, and Rha- Rha-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10 were the most dominant structure of rhamnolipids produced by the engineered strains through altering the expression levels of RhlAB and RhlC.
鼠李糖脂是一类非常有前途的生物表面活性剂，在许多工业应用中表现出极大的兴趣，但由于产率低、生产成本高而未得到广泛应用。本研究采用代谢工程策略，将rhlAB和rhlC基因分别导入铜绿假单胞菌野生型菌株DN1，构建工程菌株DNAB和DNC，同时对碳源和氮源等营养参数进行优化评估，以提高鼠李糖脂的产量。在相同条件下，通过增加rhlAB和rhlC基因拷贝数，工程菌株DNAB和DNC的鼠李糖脂产量均高于DN1。其中，橄榄油和硝酸钠分别作为最佳碳源和氮源，工程菌株DNAB的鼠李糖脂产量最高，分别是DN1的1.28倍和1.25倍，工程菌株DNC的鼠李糖脂产量最高，分别是DN1的1.36倍和1.43倍。理想的C/N比为20时，工程菌株的鼠李糖脂产量分别达到19.5 g/L和22.5 g/L，分别达到DN1菌株的1.39倍和1.61倍。同时，通过ESI-MS分析，野生型与工程菌株鉴定的鼠李糖脂存在差异，通过改变RhlAB和RhlC的表达水平，工程菌株产生的鼠李糖脂以Rha- rhai - c10和Rha- rhai - c10 - c10为最优势结构。
{"title":"Enhanced Rhamnolipid Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1 by Metabolic Engineering under Diverse Nutritional Factors","authors":"Chao Huang, Yanpeng Li, Yue-xin Tian, Zhidan Hao, Fulin Chen, Yanling Ma","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000384","url":null,"abstract":"Rhamnolipids are a very promising class of biosurfactants exhibiting properties of great interest in several industrial applications, but they are not widely used because of the low yield and the high cost of production. In this study, a metabolic engineering strategy was used to construct the engineered strains DNAB and DNC through introducing rhlAB and rhlC genes respectively to Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type strain DN1, as well as optimization of nutritional parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources were assessed simultaneously, with the purpose of promoting the productivity of rhamnolipids. Both engineered strain DNAB and DNC had higher yield of rhamnolipids than the DN1 under the same conditions by means of increasing the copy number of rhlAB and rhlC genes, respectively. Of particular importance was olive oil and sodium nitrate as the optimal sole carbon and nitrogen source separately, engineered strain DNAB had the highest rhamnolipid yields 1.28-fold and 1.25-fold of the DN1, and engineered strain DNC had the highest rhamnolipid yields 1.36-fold and 1.43-fold of the DN1. The ideal C/N ratio was found to be 20 that increased specific rhamnolipid productivity to 19.5 g/L and 22.5 g/L of the engineered strains, a certain amount to 1.39-fold and 1.61-fold of DN1 strain respectively. Meanwhile, there was a difference of the identified rhamnolipids between wild-type and engineered strains by ESI-MS analysis, and Rha- Rha-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10 were the most dominant structure of rhamnolipids produced by the engineered strains through altering the expression levels of RhlAB and RhlC.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77309756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463-C1-040
Haijun Yan
{"title":"Types, characteristics, challenges and development technologies of carbonate gas reservoirs in China","authors":"Haijun Yan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463-C1-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463-C1-040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83471955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000371
S. Elumalai, T. Sangeetha, G. Rajeshkanna
The green photosynthetic microalgae are considered as a major source of lipids from lacustrine and marine environments. Among them, Botryococcus braunii plays a key role due to its high efficiency production of huge amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons up to 75% of its dry weight. Evidently, more number of new compounds has been reported in sediments as deposits in both the marine and lacustrine environments. These depositions are reported as sediments from the algal lipids during the course of evolution. Botryococcene is one among the long chain hydrocarbon reported in higher amount extracellular as depositions from this microalga Botryococcus braunii race B. However, mass cultivation of this microalga for botryococcene as sustainable and renewable biofuel is a challenging target due to its doubling time and slow growth. Therefore, genetic engineering may play a key role to solve this issue. In addition to squalene synthase, squalene synthase-like genes have been reported from the race B of B. braunii which are SSL-1 (Presqualene diphosphate synthase), SSL-2 (Botryococcus squalene synthase) and SSL-3 (Botryococcene synthase) genes. This is an astounding report that these genes are controlling the production of long chain hydrocarbon botryococcene. Since, our present study clearly reveals that the squalene synthase and botryococcene synthase of B. braunii BB1 strain have very low protein homology of below 50% with human squalene synthase. Thus, it is clear that no high resolution studies have been conducted yet on these important enzymes. Even though, many overexpression studies have been carried out on these enzymes, x-ray diffraction studies may yield more information on the enzymes about its enzyme substrate specificity and it may help to improve the stability and efficiency of the enzymes for industrial aspects.
{"title":"In Silico Modeling and Characterization of Squalene Synthase and Botryococcene Synthase Enzymes from a Green Photosynthetic Microalga Botryococcus braunii","authors":"S. Elumalai, T. Sangeetha, G. Rajeshkanna","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000371","url":null,"abstract":"The green photosynthetic microalgae are considered as a major source of lipids from lacustrine and marine environments. Among them, Botryococcus braunii plays a key role due to its high efficiency production of huge amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons up to 75% of its dry weight. Evidently, more number of new compounds has been reported in sediments as deposits in both the marine and lacustrine environments. These depositions are reported as sediments from the algal lipids during the course of evolution. Botryococcene is one among the long chain hydrocarbon reported in higher amount extracellular as depositions from this microalga Botryococcus braunii race B. However, mass cultivation of this microalga for botryococcene as sustainable and renewable biofuel is a challenging target due to its doubling time and slow growth. Therefore, genetic engineering may play a key role to solve this issue. In addition to squalene synthase, squalene synthase-like genes have been reported from the race B of B. braunii which are SSL-1 (Presqualene diphosphate synthase), SSL-2 (Botryococcus squalene synthase) and SSL-3 (Botryococcene synthase) genes. This is an astounding report that these genes are controlling the production of long chain hydrocarbon botryococcene. Since, our present study clearly reveals that the squalene synthase and botryococcene synthase of B. braunii BB1 strain have very low protein homology of below 50% with human squalene synthase. Thus, it is clear that no high resolution studies have been conducted yet on these important enzymes. Even though, many overexpression studies have been carried out on these enzymes, x-ray diffraction studies may yield more information on the enzymes about its enzyme substrate specificity and it may help to improve the stability and efficiency of the enzymes for industrial aspects.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86453549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000364
Ruidiaz Em, Koroishi Et, Kim Nr, Trevisan Ov, G. Soares-Bassani, D. Merino‐Garcia
The production of crude oil from a reservoir is a challenging task. The handling of solids is one of the foremost assignments that operators may face during the life of a field. These solids may have the characteristics of both forms: inorganic material and organic material. The first one can be classified as salts and sand and the second comes from the crude oil that includes: waxes, asphaltenes, hydrates, and naphtenates. Apart from sand, the rest of the solids usually precipitate due to changes in composition (Commingling of fluids), temperature, or pressure. Asphaltenes precipitation is regarded to main issues referred to narrower mitigation strategy. Precipitate solid can produce reservoir blockage and in situ wettability change, decreasing well productivity widely. Know the operational conditions (PTx) under which the precipitation phenomena has been occurred is decisive, mainly the precipitation initial pressure (onset) and its velocity of formation. The purpose of this work consists in the experimental study of the asphaltenes precipitation from a crude oil sample under specific pressure and temperature representative of Brazilian pre salt reservoirs. In order to evaluate the impact of the operational conditions on solids formation and their relevant consequence to be used for petroleum exploration methods. The evaluation of solid formation was performed with Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM®) at high pressure conditions, working with crude oil and live oil. The first stage involved the validation of asphaltenes precipitation for a batch system using crude oil and heptane at room conditions. The second one consisted in dynamic test carried out in a loop able to support pressures nearing 300 bars and temperatures up to 70°C. Furthermore, an experimental methodology was developed in order to charge live oil into loop system. The measurements were monitored by online Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement FBRM®. It was verified a greater count of asphaltene particles for range of 100-75 bars. There was more evidence in the asphaltenes precipitation in this period. It was possible to identify a pressure range combined to asphaltenes precipitation of target oil during depressurized system performed in successive stages. The pressure range combined with asphaltenes precipitation was revealed during the depressurization process that occurred in successive stages. Furthermore, the asphaltenes appearance was corroborated in the period of decrease from 100 to 75 bars. FBRM measurements allowed the asphaltenes appearance and growth for each stage of depressurization.
{"title":"Evaluation of Asphaltene Deposition - A Systematic Study and Validation of Online Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement FBRM® at Reservoir Conditions","authors":"Ruidiaz Em, Koroishi Et, Kim Nr, Trevisan Ov, G. Soares-Bassani, D. Merino‐Garcia","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000364","url":null,"abstract":"The production of crude oil from a reservoir is a challenging task. The handling of solids is one of the foremost assignments that operators may face during the life of a field. These solids may have the characteristics of both forms: inorganic material and organic material. The first one can be classified as salts and sand and the second comes from the crude oil that includes: waxes, asphaltenes, hydrates, and naphtenates. Apart from sand, the rest of the solids usually precipitate due to changes in composition (Commingling of fluids), temperature, or pressure. Asphaltenes precipitation is regarded to main issues referred to narrower mitigation strategy. Precipitate solid can produce reservoir blockage and in situ wettability change, decreasing well productivity widely. Know the operational conditions (PTx) under which the precipitation phenomena has been occurred is decisive, mainly the precipitation initial pressure (onset) and its velocity of formation. The purpose of this work consists in the experimental study of the asphaltenes precipitation from a crude oil sample under specific pressure and temperature representative of Brazilian pre salt reservoirs. In order to evaluate the impact of the operational conditions on solids formation and their relevant consequence to be used for petroleum exploration methods. The evaluation of solid formation was performed with Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM®) at high pressure conditions, working with crude oil and live oil. The first stage involved the validation of asphaltenes precipitation for a batch system using crude oil and heptane at room conditions. The second one consisted in dynamic test carried out in a loop able to support pressures nearing 300 bars and temperatures up to 70°C. Furthermore, an experimental methodology was developed in order to charge live oil into loop system. The measurements were monitored by online Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement FBRM®. It was verified a greater count of asphaltene particles for range of 100-75 bars. There was more evidence in the asphaltenes precipitation in this period. It was possible to identify a pressure range combined to asphaltenes precipitation of target oil during depressurized system performed in successive stages. The pressure range combined with asphaltenes precipitation was revealed during the depressurization process that occurred in successive stages. Furthermore, the asphaltenes appearance was corroborated in the period of decrease from 100 to 75 bars. FBRM measurements allowed the asphaltenes appearance and growth for each stage of depressurization.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75223117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000361
Ali Mohsenatabar Firozjaii, S. Moradi
Polymer and ASP flooding are two popular chemical enhanced oil recoveries (EOR) method for increasing oil recovery in the tertiary stage of oil production. Many parameters, effect on the performance of these methods. In this paper, fractional factorial design for eight variables is considered to determine the number of simulations. CMGSTARS is used to create a 1/6 inverted 7 spots with two wells. 64 runs for polymer and ASP are considered and the effect of parameter as single and two parameter interactions is discussed. The results show ASP flooding has better performance to increase oil recovery factor compared to polymer flooding in oil wet carbonate reservoir. Over there, connate water saturation has a main effect on recovery factor. On the other hand, two parameters interaction effect, are different for ASP and polymer flooding. Finally, a regression model based on variables is generated for estimating the recovery factor in polymer and ASP flooding.
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Effective parameters on ASP Flooding Compared to Polymer Flooding Using CMG-STARS","authors":"Ali Mohsenatabar Firozjaii, S. Moradi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000361","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer and ASP flooding are two popular chemical enhanced oil recoveries (EOR) method for increasing oil recovery in the tertiary stage of oil production. Many parameters, effect on the performance of these methods. In this paper, fractional factorial design for eight variables is considered to determine the number of simulations. CMGSTARS is used to create a 1/6 inverted 7 spots with two wells. 64 runs for polymer and ASP are considered and the effect of parameter as single and two parameter interactions is discussed. The results show ASP flooding has better performance to increase oil recovery factor compared to polymer flooding in oil wet carbonate reservoir. Over there, connate water saturation has a main effect on recovery factor. On the other hand, two parameters interaction effect, are different for ASP and polymer flooding. Finally, a regression model based on variables is generated for estimating the recovery factor in polymer and ASP flooding.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84896990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000362
M. Paryani, M. Ahmadi, O. Awoleke, C. Hanks
The flow behavior in nano-darcy shales neighbored by high conductivity induced natural fractures violates the assumptions behind Arps’ decline models that have been successfully used in conventional reservoirs for decades. Current decline curve analysis models such as Logistic Growth Analyses, Power Law Exponential and Duong’s model attempt to overcome the limitations of Arps’ model. This study compares the capability of these models to match the past production of hundred shale oil wells from the Eagle Ford and investigate how the choice of residual function affects the estimate of model parameters and subsequently the well life, pressure depletion and ultimate recovery. Using the proposed residual functions increased the tendency of deterministic models to have bounded estimates of reserves. Results regarding well performance, EUR, drainage area and pressure depletion are obtained quickly and show realistic distributions supported by production hindcasts and commercial reservoir simulators. Overall, the PLE and Arps’ hyperbolic models predicted the lowest/pessimistic and highest/optimistic remaining life/reserves respectively. The newly proposed residual functions were thereafter used with the Arps’ hyperbolic and LGA models. We found that the use of rate-time residual functions increased the likelihood of the value of hyperbolic exponent being less than 1 by 87.5%. The proposed residual functions can be used to provide optimistic and conservative estimations of remaining reserves and remaining life using any of the above decline models for economic analysis. The key results provided by the modified DCA models help in long-term planning of operations necessary for optimal well completions and field development, accomplished in a fraction of the time currently required by other complex software and workflows.
{"title":"Decline Curve Analysis: A Comparative Study of Proposed Models Using Improved Residual Functions","authors":"M. Paryani, M. Ahmadi, O. Awoleke, C. Hanks","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000362","url":null,"abstract":"The flow behavior in nano-darcy shales neighbored by high conductivity induced natural fractures violates the assumptions behind Arps’ decline models that have been successfully used in conventional reservoirs for decades. Current decline curve analysis models such as Logistic Growth Analyses, Power Law Exponential and Duong’s model attempt to overcome the limitations of Arps’ model. This study compares the capability of these models to match the past production of hundred shale oil wells from the Eagle Ford and investigate how the choice of residual function affects the estimate of model parameters and subsequently the well life, pressure depletion and ultimate recovery. Using the proposed residual functions increased the tendency of deterministic models to have bounded estimates of reserves. Results regarding well performance, EUR, drainage area and pressure depletion are obtained quickly and show realistic distributions supported by production hindcasts and commercial reservoir simulators. Overall, the PLE and Arps’ hyperbolic models predicted the lowest/pessimistic and highest/optimistic remaining life/reserves respectively. The newly proposed residual functions were thereafter used with the Arps’ hyperbolic and LGA models. We found that the use of rate-time residual functions increased the likelihood of the value of hyperbolic exponent being less than 1 by 87.5%. The proposed residual functions can be used to provide optimistic and conservative estimations of remaining reserves and remaining life using any of the above decline models for economic analysis. The key results provided by the modified DCA models help in long-term planning of operations necessary for optimal well completions and field development, accomplished in a fraction of the time currently required by other complex software and workflows.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82496502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000357
M. Theyab
This study illustrates the methodology used to evaluate wax deposition volume. It outlines the details of the rig used to evaluate the wax deposition process and study the factors that influence on the wax deposition process such as crude oil temperature, flow rate, pressure drop, inlet coolant temperature, oil viscosity, shear stress, time. Also, presents the different chemicals used as inhibitors to mitigate wax deposition and spiral flow as a mechanical method used to reduce wax deposition in the crude oil pipeline. This study, presents the standard analytical and chemical methods to characterise the crude oil. The experimental rig described in more details during this study. In this study, several strategies are followed and illustrated to study its influence on wax deposition process. During this work, four different techniques are used to estimate wax deposit thickness. These techniques are including pressure drop, pigging, heat transfer, and liquid displacement-level detection technique (LD-LD). After following the methodology to evaluate the wax deposition volume and the mitigation methods to decrease wax deposition, the results indicates that the reduction in wax deposition was 100% after using the effect of bending the spiral flow with the inhibitor W802 at a concentration of 1000 and 2000ppm at different time and flow rates. The reduction in wax deposition was 100% after using the effect of bending the spiral flow with the inhibitor W802 at a concentration of 500ppm at flow rate 4.8 L/min, and the reduction in wax deposition was 94% at the same concentration and flow rate 2.7 L/min.
{"title":"Experimental Methodology Followed to Evaluate Wax Deposition Process","authors":"M. Theyab","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000357","url":null,"abstract":"This study illustrates the methodology used to evaluate wax deposition volume. It outlines the details of the rig used to evaluate the wax deposition process and study the factors that influence on the wax deposition process such as crude oil temperature, flow rate, pressure drop, inlet coolant temperature, oil viscosity, shear stress, time. Also, presents the different chemicals used as inhibitors to mitigate wax deposition and spiral flow as a mechanical method used to reduce wax deposition in the crude oil pipeline. This study, presents the standard analytical and chemical methods to characterise the crude oil. The experimental rig described in more details during this study. In this study, several strategies are followed and illustrated to study its influence on wax deposition process. During this work, four different techniques are used to estimate wax deposit thickness. These techniques are including pressure drop, pigging, heat transfer, and liquid displacement-level detection technique (LD-LD). \u0000After following the methodology to evaluate the wax deposition volume and the mitigation methods to decrease wax deposition, the results indicates that the reduction in wax deposition was 100% after using the effect of bending the spiral flow with the inhibitor W802 at a concentration of 1000 and 2000ppm at different time and flow rates. The reduction in wax deposition was 100% after using the effect of bending the spiral flow with the inhibitor W802 at a concentration of 500ppm at flow rate 4.8 L/min, and the reduction in wax deposition was 94% at the same concentration and flow rate 2.7 L/min.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82806696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000356
A. T. Al-Hameedi, H. Alkinani, Norman Sd, R. Flori
Lost circulation is a complicated problem to be banned or combatted during the drilling operations. Mud losses remedies are extensively used to stop or mitigate losses using remedial methods or to prevent mud losses using proactive measures. Lost circulation presents a lot of big challenges during drilling. To address these problems, a number of methods/techniques have evolved over the years. The Rumaila field in Iraq is one of the largest oilfields in the world. Wells drilled in this field are highly susceptible to lost circulation problems when drilling through the Hartha formation. Lost circulation events range from seepage losses to complete loss of the borehole and are a critical issue in field development. This paper describes a study of the lost circulation events for more than 300 wells drilled in the Rumaila field. Lost circulation events were extracted from daily drilling reports, final drilling reports, and technical reports. Key drilling parameters (e.g. ROP, SPM, RPM, WOB, bit type) and mud properties (e.g. mud weight, yield point, gel strength) at the time of each event were recorded along with the lost circulation remedies attempted, and the outcome of those remedies. These data have been analyzed to determine the best ranges of the key drilling parameters that have the greatest chance of mitigating lost circulation in the Hartha formation. Practical field information from the Rumaila field and range of sources have been reviewed and summarized to develop an integrated methodology and flowchart for handling lost circulation events in this formation. In a related development, this paper will be extended work along with previous comprehensive statistical study and sensitivity analysis models about the Hartha formation to obtain the best field procedures for avoiding or minimizing lost circulation events in the Hartha formation. Proactive approaches have been made prior entering the Hartha formation to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of lost circulation. A unique statistical work, primitive mechanisms, typical drilling fluid properties and recommended operational drilling parameters have been evaluated to use during drilling the Hartha formation. In addition, corrective actions have been determined for each kind of the mud losses to provide effective remedies, minimize non-productive time, and reduce cost. Lost circulation strategy to the Hartha formation has been summarized depending on statistical work and economic analysis evaluation to determine the most successful remedies for each type of the losses. These treatments are classified by relying on the mud losses classifications in order to avoid unwanted consequences due to inappropriate actions. This study provides a typical compilation of information regarding traditional approaches and the latest approaches to lost circulation control. In addition, the work attempts to provide useful guidelines or references for both situations in terms preventive measures, remedial method
{"title":"Practical Strategies and Engineered Solutions to Minimize the Impact of Lost Circulation Problem","authors":"A. T. Al-Hameedi, H. Alkinani, Norman Sd, R. Flori","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000356","url":null,"abstract":"Lost circulation is a complicated problem to be banned or combatted during the drilling operations. Mud losses remedies are extensively used to stop or mitigate losses using remedial methods or to prevent mud losses using proactive measures. Lost circulation presents a lot of big challenges during drilling. To address these problems, a number of methods/techniques have evolved over the years. The Rumaila field in Iraq is one of the largest oilfields in the world. Wells drilled in this field are highly susceptible to lost circulation problems when drilling through the Hartha formation. Lost circulation events range from seepage losses to complete loss of the borehole and are a critical issue in field development. This paper describes a study of the lost circulation events for more than 300 wells drilled in the Rumaila field. Lost circulation events were extracted from daily drilling reports, final drilling reports, and technical reports. Key drilling parameters (e.g. ROP, SPM, RPM, WOB, bit type) and mud properties (e.g. mud weight, yield point, gel strength) at the time of each event were recorded along with the lost circulation remedies attempted, and the outcome of those remedies. These data have been analyzed to determine the best ranges of the key drilling parameters that have the greatest chance of mitigating lost circulation in the Hartha formation. \u0000Practical field information from the Rumaila field and range of sources have been reviewed and summarized to develop an integrated methodology and flowchart for handling lost circulation events in this formation. In a related development, this paper will be extended work along with previous comprehensive statistical study and sensitivity analysis models about the Hartha formation to obtain the best field procedures for avoiding or minimizing lost circulation events in the Hartha formation. Proactive approaches have been made prior entering the Hartha formation to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of lost circulation. A unique statistical work, primitive mechanisms, typical drilling fluid properties and recommended operational drilling parameters have been evaluated to use during drilling the Hartha formation. In addition, corrective actions have been determined for each kind of the mud losses to provide effective remedies, minimize non-productive time, and reduce cost. \u0000Lost circulation strategy to the Hartha formation has been summarized depending on statistical work and economic analysis evaluation to determine the most successful remedies for each type of the losses. These treatments are classified by relying on the mud losses classifications in order to avoid unwanted consequences due to inappropriate actions. This study provides a typical compilation of information regarding traditional approaches and the latest approaches to lost circulation control. In addition, the work attempts to provide useful guidelines or references for both situations in terms preventive measures, remedial method","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83944534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000355
E. Khalafi, A. Hashemi, Mehdi Zallaghi, R. Kharrat
The mechanisms involved in nanoparticle application in enhanced oil recovery processes particularly when nanoparticles are used in conjunction with other chemical agents are still controversial. In this study, the main focus is on pore scale investigation of nanoparticle-surfactant mixture flooding as an enhanced oil recovery process. Five spot glass micro model experiments were conducted to study the oil recovery mechanisms in the presence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles at various concentrations. Macroscopic oil recovery as well as pore fluid distributions were evaluated by the continuous images taken from the micro model during the injection process. The results represent that wettability alteration is the most important factor contributing to additional oil recovery when nanoparticles exist in the injected solution. Nanoparticles could significantly improve the oil recovery obtained during water and surfactant flooding. The oil film on the pore walls were slightly thinned by the sole surfactant solution while with the addition of nanoparticles, it was completely removed and became strongly water wet surface.
{"title":"An Experimental Investigation of Nanoparticles Assisted Surfactant Flooding for Improving Oil Recovery in a Micromodel System","authors":"E. Khalafi, A. Hashemi, Mehdi Zallaghi, R. Kharrat","doi":"10.4172/2157-7463.1000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7463.1000355","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms involved in nanoparticle application in enhanced oil recovery processes particularly when nanoparticles are used in conjunction with other chemical agents are still controversial. In this study, the main focus is on pore scale investigation of nanoparticle-surfactant mixture flooding as an enhanced oil recovery process. Five spot glass micro model experiments were conducted to study the oil recovery mechanisms in the presence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles at various concentrations. Macroscopic oil recovery as well as pore fluid distributions were evaluated by the continuous images taken from the micro model during the injection process. The results represent that wettability alteration is the most important factor contributing to additional oil recovery when nanoparticles exist in the injected solution. Nanoparticles could significantly improve the oil recovery obtained during water and surfactant flooding. The oil film on the pore walls were slightly thinned by the sole surfactant solution while with the addition of nanoparticles, it was completely removed and became strongly water wet surface.","PeriodicalId":16699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80217304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：