Maha Abdul-Latif, R. Nagib, Mohamed E K Amin, A. El-Yazbi
This study assesses the impact of a structured clinical pharmacist intervention on glycemic control in diabetic patients maintained on intensive insulin therapy attending the internal medicine clinic in a hospital with limited financial resources. A randomized parallel open-label clinical trial design was employed. Ethical approval was obtained from the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH) ethics committee. Adult diabetic patients, on intensive insulin therapy, were recruited from an internal medicine clinic at an MOH hospital. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; control, on premixed insulin twice daily, and intervention, receiving a structured pharmacist intervention including the addition of regular insulin doses as needed. Patients were followed up for three months. A 1% reduction of HbA1c level at the conclusion was considered the primary outcome. One hundred and twenty-five patients (62 control and 63 intervention) consented to participate in the study, of whom 98 (46 control and 52 intervention) completed the follow-up period. At three months, the odds ratio for HbA1c reduction by at least by 1% in the intervention group was 3.2 (95% CI 1.45–7.08). Very few cases of hypoglycemia were reported in either group. The HbA1c reduction was not affected by age, weight, or literacy status of the patients. Clinical pharmacist interventions, even in environments with scarce resources and socioeconomic challenges, remain effective in achieving better glycemic control. This trial has been registered in the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201610001812290, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/).
{"title":"Evaluation of a structured pharmacist-led intervention on glycemic control in underprivileged diabetic patients: a randomized open-label trial","authors":"Maha Abdul-Latif, R. Nagib, Mohamed E K Amin, A. El-Yazbi","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study assesses the impact of a structured clinical pharmacist intervention on glycemic control in diabetic patients maintained on intensive insulin therapy attending the internal medicine clinic in a hospital with limited financial resources.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A randomized parallel open-label clinical trial design was employed. Ethical approval was obtained from the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH) ethics committee. Adult diabetic patients, on intensive insulin therapy, were recruited from an internal medicine clinic at an MOH hospital. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; control, on premixed insulin twice daily, and intervention, receiving a structured pharmacist intervention including the addition of regular insulin doses as needed. Patients were followed up for three months. A 1% reduction of HbA1c level at the conclusion was considered the primary outcome.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and twenty-five patients (62 control and 63 intervention) consented to participate in the study, of whom 98 (46 control and 52 intervention) completed the follow-up period. At three months, the odds ratio for HbA1c reduction by at least by 1% in the intervention group was 3.2 (95% CI 1.45–7.08). Very few cases of hypoglycemia were reported in either group. The HbA1c reduction was not affected by age, weight, or literacy status of the patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinical pharmacist interventions, even in environments with scarce resources and socioeconomic challenges, remain effective in achieving better glycemic control. This trial has been registered in the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201610001812290, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/).\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stopping or “deprescribing” one or more of a patient’s medications is a growing focus for clinical practice and health service research. A deprescribing questionnaire survey, the revised Patient’s Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD), has been developed and validated in Australia. The aim of this study was to explore the use of the rPATD in a large Welsh population. The rPATD was made available through HealthWise Wales, a platform that enables people in Wales to volunteer to participate in research. Questionnaire data were explored descriptively and using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the original four factors in the rPATD (Burden, Appropriateness, Concern, and Involvement). A total of 1759 patients completed questionnaires. The mean age was 58.6, each prescribed on average 3.69 medicines (range 1–34). In total 75.1% (1303/1735) agreed or strongly agreed that they would be willing to have a medicine deprescribed, if suggested by a doctor, and 19.0% (333/1749) would like to try stopping a medicine. A CFA was performed using maximum likelihood and showed a mediocre fit (RMSEA = 0.083). A Mann–Whitney U test revealed an association between feeling the burden of medicine taking or expressing a belief in the inappropriateness of their medication and a greater willingness to stop medicine if suggested by a doctor (BURDEN Z = −5.6, P≤.0001; appropriateness Z = −9.6, P≤.0001). Willingness to have a medicine deprescribed was lower than in previous research, likely due to a range of reported factors. The potential value of rPATD has been demonstrated for future UK-wide applications.
停止或 "取消 "患者的一种或多种药物治疗是临床实践和医疗服务研究中日益关注的问题。澳大利亚开发并验证了一种停药问卷调查，即 "修订版患者对停药的态度"（rPATD）。本研究旨在探讨 rPATD 在大量威尔士人口中的使用情况。 rPATD 可通过威尔士健康智库（HealthWise Wales）获得，威尔士健康智库是一个让威尔士人自愿参与研究的平台。我们对问卷数据进行了描述性分析，并对 rPATD 的四个原始因子（负担、适当性、关注和参与）进行了确证因子分析 (CFA)。 共有 1759 名患者填写了问卷。平均年龄为 58.6 岁，每人平均处方 3.69 种药物（1-34 种不等）。总计有 75.1%（1303/1735）的患者同意或非常同意如果医生建议他们停药，他们愿意停药，19.0%（333/1749）的患者愿意尝试停药。使用最大似然法进行了 CFA 分析，结果显示拟合度一般（RMSEA = 0.083）。Mann-Whitney U 检验显示，感觉服药负担重或认为药物不合适与更愿意在医生建议下停药之间存在关联（负担 Z = -5.6，P≤.0001；合适 Z = -9.6，P≤.0001）。 与之前的研究相比，患者对处方药的意愿较低，这可能是由一系列报告因素造成的。rPATD 的潜在价值已在未来英国范围内的应用中得到证实。
{"title":"The revised patient attitudes to deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire: an investigation using a large anonymized database","authors":"Marjorie Weiss, Rhian Deslandes, Louise Hughes","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Stopping or “deprescribing” one or more of a patient’s medications is a growing focus for clinical practice and health service research. A deprescribing questionnaire survey, the revised Patient’s Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD), has been developed and validated in Australia. The aim of this study was to explore the use of the rPATD in a large Welsh population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The rPATD was made available through HealthWise Wales, a platform that enables people in Wales to volunteer to participate in research. Questionnaire data were explored descriptively and using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the original four factors in the rPATD (Burden, Appropriateness, Concern, and Involvement).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 1759 patients completed questionnaires. The mean age was 58.6, each prescribed on average 3.69 medicines (range 1–34). In total 75.1% (1303/1735) agreed or strongly agreed that they would be willing to have a medicine deprescribed, if suggested by a doctor, and 19.0% (333/1749) would like to try stopping a medicine. A CFA was performed using maximum likelihood and showed a mediocre fit (RMSEA = 0.083). A Mann–Whitney U test revealed an association between feeling the burden of medicine taking or expressing a belief in the inappropriateness of their medication and a greater willingness to stop medicine if suggested by a doctor (BURDEN Z = −5.6, P≤.0001; appropriateness Z = −9.6, P≤.0001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Willingness to have a medicine deprescribed was lower than in previous research, likely due to a range of reported factors. The potential value of rPATD has been demonstrated for future UK-wide applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Alyahya, Mariam Al-Ameri, R. A. Abu Farha, T. Mukattash, D. A. Mohamed Noor
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not currently included in the national immunization program in Jordan. The rising prevalence of cervical cancer in Jordan highlights the necessity for a novel approach to boost HPV vaccination rates. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and potential barriers concerning HPV and HPV vaccine administration in community pharmacies. This cross-sectional study, conducted in Jordan between July and September 2023, involved community pharmacists. Using a convenience sampling approach, one author visited various community pharmacies to distribute and collect questionnaires. A total knowledge score, out of a possible 10 points, and a belief score out of 40 were calculated for each pharmacists. Additionally, the study examined factors that may influence participants’ knowledge and belief levels. A total of 302 community pharmacists took part in the survey, with approximately two-thirds of the participants being female (n = 230, 76.2%). The average knowledge score about HPV was 2.7 out of 10 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8), and linear regression analysis indicated no significant relationship between pharmacists’ knowledge about HPV and the factors studied, such as age, gender, area of pharmacy, and the acquired degree. In terms of beliefs, findings revealed that 63.2% supported an expanded role for community pharmacists in HPV vaccination. Three main barriers were identified: lack of parental knowledge (n = 218, 72.2%), insufficient educational materials for parents (n = 206, 68.2%), and inadequate provider knowledge (n = 201, 66.6%). In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the knowledge, beliefs, and challenges surrounding HPV and HPV vaccination among community pharmacists in Jordan. To enhance the involvement of community pharmacists in promoting HPV vaccination and aiding in the prevention of HPV-related illnesses, it is crucial to address the identified knowledge gaps and obstacles.
{"title":"Cross-sectional study of pharmacists’ knowledge and beliefs about human papillomavirus, its vaccines, and barriers related to vaccine administration","authors":"Linda Alyahya, Mariam Al-Ameri, R. A. Abu Farha, T. Mukattash, D. A. Mohamed Noor","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not currently included in the national immunization program in Jordan. The rising prevalence of cervical cancer in Jordan highlights the necessity for a novel approach to boost HPV vaccination rates. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and potential barriers concerning HPV and HPV vaccine administration in community pharmacies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study, conducted in Jordan between July and September 2023, involved community pharmacists. Using a convenience sampling approach, one author visited various community pharmacies to distribute and collect questionnaires. A total knowledge score, out of a possible 10 points, and a belief score out of 40 were calculated for each pharmacists. Additionally, the study examined factors that may influence participants’ knowledge and belief levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 302 community pharmacists took part in the survey, with approximately two-thirds of the participants being female (n = 230, 76.2%). The average knowledge score about HPV was 2.7 out of 10 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8), and linear regression analysis indicated no significant relationship between pharmacists’ knowledge about HPV and the factors studied, such as age, gender, area of pharmacy, and the acquired degree. In terms of beliefs, findings revealed that 63.2% supported an expanded role for community pharmacists in HPV vaccination. Three main barriers were identified: lack of parental knowledge (n = 218, 72.2%), insufficient educational materials for parents (n = 206, 68.2%), and inadequate provider knowledge (n = 201, 66.6%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the knowledge, beliefs, and challenges surrounding HPV and HPV vaccination among community pharmacists in Jordan. To enhance the involvement of community pharmacists in promoting HPV vaccination and aiding in the prevention of HPV-related illnesses, it is crucial to address the identified knowledge gaps and obstacles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heeyeon Lim, Minji Kim, Geeyoon Kang, Minji Ko, Eunyoung Kim
This cross-sectional study examines the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Accelerated Approval (AA) pathway for cancer drugs from 1992 to 2021, which expedites the development and approval of new drugs, including biologics, for severe or life-threatening conditions such as cancers. Based on the ‘CDER Drug and Biologic AAs Based on a Surrogate Endpoint’ report, the number of indications where anticancer agents received AA and the conversion rates to Full Approval (FA) were analysed. Outcome measures used in phase II and phase III trials for these drugs were obtained from US National Library of Medicine for comparison. Of the 278 AA-granted indications, 67% were for anticancer agents. Lymphoma, leukemia, and lung cancer had the highest number of AA indications among all cancer types. The conversion rates to FA varied among periods: Early (1995–2003), Middle (2004–2012), and Late (2013–2021). The conversion rates for drugs were 82%, 79%, and 31%, while biologics exhibited rates of 100%, 78%, and 27%, respectively. The overall response rate was often the primary outcome measure in phase II trials, whereas overall survival and progression-free survival were the common outcome measures in phase III trials. Secondary outcome measures included disease control rate and duration of response. This study provides valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to understand the approval criteria and processes for cancer drugs via the AA pathway. However, limitations in data availability, phase-specific variations in drug doses and combinations, and the inability to manage uncertain data should be acknowledged. Research on the AA program to non-cancer drugs is also required.
这项横向研究考察了美国食品药品管理局 (FDA) 从 1992 年到 2021 年对抗癌药物实施的加速审批 (AA) 途径，该途径加快了治疗癌症等严重或危及生命的疾病的新药（包括生物制剂）的开发和审批。 根据 "基于替代终点的 CDER 药物和生物制剂加速审批 "报告，我们分析了抗癌药物获得加速审批的适应症数量以及转换为完全审批 (FA) 的转换率。从美国国家医学图书馆获得了这些药物在 II 期和 III 期试验中使用的结果指标，以进行比较。 在获得 AA 批准的 278 个适应症中，67% 为抗癌药物。在所有癌症类型中，淋巴瘤、白血病和肺癌的 AA 适应症数量最多。不同时期向 FA 的转化率各不相同：早期（1995-2003 年）、中期（2004-2012 年）和晚期（2013-2021 年）。药物的转化率分别为82%、79%和31%，而生物制剂的转化率分别为100%、78%和27%。总体反应率通常是II期试验的主要结果指标，而总体生存期和无进展生存期则是III期试验的常见结果指标。次要结局指标包括疾病控制率和应答持续时间。 这项研究为相关人士了解通过 AA 途径审批抗癌药物的标准和流程提供了宝贵的见解。然而，数据可用性的局限性、药物剂量和组合在特定阶段的变化以及无法管理不确定数据的问题也应得到承认。还需要对非癌症药物的 AA 计划进行研究。
{"title":"Analysis of cancer drugs receiving FDA’s Accelerated Approval between 1992 and 2021","authors":"Heeyeon Lim, Minji Kim, Geeyoon Kang, Minji Ko, Eunyoung Kim","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study examines the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Accelerated Approval (AA) pathway for cancer drugs from 1992 to 2021, which expedites the development and approval of new drugs, including biologics, for severe or life-threatening conditions such as cancers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on the ‘CDER Drug and Biologic AAs Based on a Surrogate Endpoint’ report, the number of indications where anticancer agents received AA and the conversion rates to Full Approval (FA) were analysed. Outcome measures used in phase II and phase III trials for these drugs were obtained from US National Library of Medicine for comparison.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 278 AA-granted indications, 67% were for anticancer agents. Lymphoma, leukemia, and lung cancer had the highest number of AA indications among all cancer types. The conversion rates to FA varied among periods: Early (1995–2003), Middle (2004–2012), and Late (2013–2021). The conversion rates for drugs were 82%, 79%, and 31%, while biologics exhibited rates of 100%, 78%, and 27%, respectively. The overall response rate was often the primary outcome measure in phase II trials, whereas overall survival and progression-free survival were the common outcome measures in phase III trials. Secondary outcome measures included disease control rate and duration of response.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study provides valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to understand the approval criteria and processes for cancer drugs via the AA pathway. However, limitations in data availability, phase-specific variations in drug doses and combinations, and the inability to manage uncertain data should be acknowledged. Research on the AA program to non-cancer drugs is also required.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amina Hareem, I. Stupans, Joon Soo Park, Julie E. Stevens, Kate N Wang
This study explores the perspectives of Australian community pharmacists regarding digital health interventions, examining adoption rates, advantages, and barriers. A national voluntary online survey was conducted with Australian community pharmacists from September 2022 to June 2023. Of the 120 responses received, 118 were analysed. The main benefits identified included improved access to health records and patient care quality while major concerns included technical issues and data security. Suggestions for increased digital health adoption included digital health education and regulation. Australian community pharmacists play a crucial role in adopting digital health yet face significant challenges. Despite the potential of telehealth, community pharmacists have not widely embraced its adoption in their practice. The digital healthcare transformation necessitates collaborative efforts and strict guideline adherence for effective integration.
{"title":"Navigating digital health: perspectives of Australian community pharmacists—a short communication","authors":"Amina Hareem, I. Stupans, Joon Soo Park, Julie E. Stevens, Kate N Wang","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study explores the perspectives of Australian community pharmacists regarding digital health interventions, examining adoption rates, advantages, and barriers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A national voluntary online survey was conducted with Australian community pharmacists from September 2022 to June 2023.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 120 responses received, 118 were analysed. The main benefits identified included improved access to health records and patient care quality while major concerns included technical issues and data security. Suggestions for increased digital health adoption included digital health education and regulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Australian community pharmacists play a crucial role in adopting digital health yet face significant challenges. Despite the potential of telehealth, community pharmacists have not widely embraced its adoption in their practice. The digital healthcare transformation necessitates collaborative efforts and strict guideline adherence for effective integration.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Awwad, Suha A. Almuhaissen, Mariam Abdel Jalil, Zaina Battah, K. Abu Hammour, Saja Almonayer
Preventive measure for COVID-19 spread have dramatically affected patients with chronic diseases worldwide, including asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the associated lockdown on the medical care provision of asthma/COPD patients in Jordan. The healthcare behaviours and perceptions of these patients regarding the outbreak were also investigated. A population-based cohort study was conducted on asthma/COPD patients seeking medical care during 2019–2021 at a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Patients were interviewed by phone call, their medical files were also accessed. Demographics, clinical information, and those related to healthcare access (clinic visits, hospital admissions, and emergency room [ER] visits), exacerbation management and medication adherence were all collected. A total of 371 cases were identified, the majority (65.2%) were asthmatics. The most (76.3%) were not vaccinated (influenza or pneumococcal), none had a written action plan. The study findings showed reduced healthcare utilization (hospital admission and ER visits) during the study period (P < 0.05). Clinic visits also decreased over 2019–2020 (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the pattern of acute exacerbation treatment also changed with fewer antibiotics and inhaled corticosteroids administered during the pandemic (P < 0.05). Medication adherence was relatively low (14.6%–17.25%). Telemedicine was not provided during the study period. The study demonstrated disruption in healthcare utilization. There is need for better preparedness for future pandemics to maintain the routine medical care services. Telemedicine should be introduced as part of healthcare systems. Efforts are still needed to optimize medication adherence in Jordan. Future research is needed to better address COVID-19 impact on chronic patients.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on asthma and COPD patients’ hospital care: a lesson for future pandemics","authors":"O. Awwad, Suha A. Almuhaissen, Mariam Abdel Jalil, Zaina Battah, K. Abu Hammour, Saja Almonayer","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Preventive measure for COVID-19 spread have dramatically affected patients with chronic diseases worldwide, including asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the associated lockdown on the medical care provision of asthma/COPD patients in Jordan. The healthcare behaviours and perceptions of these patients regarding the outbreak were also investigated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A population-based cohort study was conducted on asthma/COPD patients seeking medical care during 2019–2021 at a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Patients were interviewed by phone call, their medical files were also accessed. Demographics, clinical information, and those related to healthcare access (clinic visits, hospital admissions, and emergency room [ER] visits), exacerbation management and medication adherence were all collected.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 371 cases were identified, the majority (65.2%) were asthmatics. The most (76.3%) were not vaccinated (influenza or pneumococcal), none had a written action plan. The study findings showed reduced healthcare utilization (hospital admission and ER visits) during the study period (P < 0.05). Clinic visits also decreased over 2019–2020 (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the pattern of acute exacerbation treatment also changed with fewer antibiotics and inhaled corticosteroids administered during the pandemic (P < 0.05). Medication adherence was relatively low (14.6%–17.25%). Telemedicine was not provided during the study period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study demonstrated disruption in healthcare utilization. There is need for better preparedness for future pandemics to maintain the routine medical care services. Telemedicine should be introduced as part of healthcare systems. Efforts are still needed to optimize medication adherence in Jordan. Future research is needed to better address COVID-19 impact on chronic patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda A Alyahya, R. A. Abu Farha, T. Mukattash, D. A. Mohamed Noor
This study aimed to analyze knowledge and beliefs regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) disease and its vaccine among the public, particularly parents of adolescents aged 9–15, who constitute the target group for the HPV vaccine, and to identify factors affecting their knowledge and beliefs. In Jordan, a cross-sectional study surveyed 386 parents of 9–15-year-olds. Data were collected through surveys to assess knowledge and attitudes about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Statistical analysis using SPSS provided insights. A total of 386 individuals participated in the survey. Approximately two-thirds were female (n = 245, 63.5%), and more than half of the participants were aged above 35 (n = 224, 58%). Concerning participants’ beliefs about HPV vaccines, around 19% believed that the efficacy of the HPV vaccine is unclear (n = 74, 19.2%), and only 35.5% trusted HPV vaccination (n = 137). Linear regression analysis revealed that female participants (mothers) and those with higher income (>1000 JD) tend to have better knowledge and belief scores compared to others (P < 0.05). In summary, this study highlights the pressing need for improved HPV education campaigns in Jordan. Heightening awareness of HPV and its associated health risks is paramount. The absence of the HPV vaccine in Arab national schedules exacerbates this awareness gap. Focusing on parents of adolescents is critical for vaccination efforts, and community pharmacies may aid in expanding vaccine coverage and awareness.
{"title":"Exploring parental awareness and attitudes towards human papillomavirus infection and vaccination for 9–15-year-old adolescents in Jordan","authors":"Linda A Alyahya, R. A. Abu Farha, T. Mukattash, D. A. Mohamed Noor","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to analyze knowledge and beliefs regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) disease and its vaccine among the public, particularly parents of adolescents aged 9–15, who constitute the target group for the HPV vaccine, and to identify factors affecting their knowledge and beliefs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In Jordan, a cross-sectional study surveyed 386 parents of 9–15-year-olds. Data were collected through surveys to assess knowledge and attitudes about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Statistical analysis using SPSS provided insights.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 386 individuals participated in the survey. Approximately two-thirds were female (n = 245, 63.5%), and more than half of the participants were aged above 35 (n = 224, 58%). Concerning participants’ beliefs about HPV vaccines, around 19% believed that the efficacy of the HPV vaccine is unclear (n = 74, 19.2%), and only 35.5% trusted HPV vaccination (n = 137). Linear regression analysis revealed that female participants (mothers) and those with higher income (>1000 JD) tend to have better knowledge and belief scores compared to others (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In summary, this study highlights the pressing need for improved HPV education campaigns in Jordan. Heightening awareness of HPV and its associated health risks is paramount. The absence of the HPV vaccine in Arab national schedules exacerbates this awareness gap. Focusing on parents of adolescents is critical for vaccination efforts, and community pharmacies may aid in expanding vaccine coverage and awareness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bounthavong, Aysell Medina, Brooke M Wallace, Aryana Sepassi, C. Morello
To evaluate the association between the number of mental health conditions among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthcare expenditures in the USA. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between multiple mental health conditions (0, 1, and 2 or more mental health conditions) among individuals with T2D on healthcare expenditures using data from the 2019 US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. A total of 24,091,931 weighted individuals with T2D were included for analysis; 76.8% had no co-occurring mental health conditions, 15.5% had one mental health condition, and 7.7% had two or more mental health conditions. Individuals with one and two or more mental health conditions had significantly greater total healthcare costs (+$7135 and +$7168), office-based costs (+$1196 and +$1483), prescription costs (+$2091 and +$3757), office-based visits (+3.55 and +6.46), and prescriptions fills (+13.97 and +26.77) than individuals with no mental health conditions. Individuals with T2D and an increasing number of co-occurring mental health conditions were associated with increased healthcare costs and resource utilization. Underlying mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear, and further investigations are needed to accurately assess the impact this may have on health outcomes.
{"title":"Impact of increasing number of mental health conditions on healthcare costs and resource utilization among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Bounthavong, Aysell Medina, Brooke M Wallace, Aryana Sepassi, C. Morello","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the association between the number of mental health conditions among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthcare expenditures in the USA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between multiple mental health conditions (0, 1, and 2 or more mental health conditions) among individuals with T2D on healthcare expenditures using data from the 2019 US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 24,091,931 weighted individuals with T2D were included for analysis; 76.8% had no co-occurring mental health conditions, 15.5% had one mental health condition, and 7.7% had two or more mental health conditions. Individuals with one and two or more mental health conditions had significantly greater total healthcare costs (+$7135 and +$7168), office-based costs (+$1196 and +$1483), prescription costs (+$2091 and +$3757), office-based visits (+3.55 and +6.46), and prescriptions fills (+13.97 and +26.77) than individuals with no mental health conditions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Individuals with T2D and an increasing number of co-occurring mental health conditions were associated with increased healthcare costs and resource utilization. Underlying mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear, and further investigations are needed to accurately assess the impact this may have on health outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacists’ contribution to medication therapy management in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is under-reported in Nigeria. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention on knowledge, pharmacy refills, medication adherence, and glycemic control among patients with T2D. A two-arm prospective, randomized, controlled trial among 309 T2D patients over 25 weeks duration was conducted in a tertiary hospital. The intervention group (n = 155) received weekly health education and follow-up sent as phone-based short message service (SMS), alongside standard care. Control group (n = 154) received only standard care. Primary (HbA1c reduction) and secondary (refill adherence, knowledge, and medication adherence) outcomes were assessed and compared in both groups at baseline and endline. Intervention improved glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) directly (t = 8.253, P < .001) and indirectly through improved pharmacy refill adherence as 115 (76%) of the intervention group were refill adherent (Proportion of Days Covered [PDC] > 80%). For controls, mean baseline and endline knowledge scores were 2.798 and 2.816, respectively (t = 1.19092, P > .005), while the intervention group had 2.732 and 4.462, respectively (t = 9.76157, P < .005) on a 5-point Likert scale. Baseline and endline adherence scores for control group were 3.41 and 3.50, respectively (t = 0.92477, P > .05), while the intervention group had 3.35 and 6.72, respectively (t = 17.87981, P < .05) on the 8-point Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Pharmacist-led intervention significantly improved medication refills, glycemic control, knowledge, and medication adherence. Pharmacists should exploit mobile telephony for health education and follow-up services to improve treatment outcomes in medication therapy management of T2D.
{"title":"Pharmacist-led intervention to improve treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"M. Ihekoronye, K. Osemene, T. Oamen","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pharmacists’ contribution to medication therapy management in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is under-reported in Nigeria. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention on knowledge, pharmacy refills, medication adherence, and glycemic control among patients with T2D.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A two-arm prospective, randomized, controlled trial among 309 T2D patients over 25 weeks duration was conducted in a tertiary hospital. The intervention group (n = 155) received weekly health education and follow-up sent as phone-based short message service (SMS), alongside standard care. Control group (n = 154) received only standard care. Primary (HbA1c reduction) and secondary (refill adherence, knowledge, and medication adherence) outcomes were assessed and compared in both groups at baseline and endline.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Intervention improved glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) directly (t = 8.253, P < .001) and indirectly through improved pharmacy refill adherence as 115 (76%) of the intervention group were refill adherent (Proportion of Days Covered [PDC] > 80%). For controls, mean baseline and endline knowledge scores were 2.798 and 2.816, respectively (t = 1.19092, P > .005), while the intervention group had 2.732 and 4.462, respectively (t = 9.76157, P < .005) on a 5-point Likert scale. Baseline and endline adherence scores for control group were 3.41 and 3.50, respectively (t = 0.92477, P > .05), while the intervention group had 3.35 and 6.72, respectively (t = 17.87981, P < .05) on the 8-point Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pharmacist-led intervention significantly improved medication refills, glycemic control, knowledge, and medication adherence. Pharmacists should exploit mobile telephony for health education and follow-up services to improve treatment outcomes in medication therapy management of T2D.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Van De Tran, Trung Tin Pham, Trung Hieu Le, Thanh Thao Nguyen Thi, Minh Trung Nguyen, Duong Phuc Phan, Thi Bich Thuy Bui, Cuong Minh Nguyen, R. S. Dewey, Nguyet Tu Tran
In many countries, self-medication is, in fact, the main service provided, exhausting pharmacist time and increasing their workload. However, there are currently no reports describing the impact of burnout on patient medication counseling. This study was conducted to determine the influence of burnout on over-the-counter (OTC) medication counseling services in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies across four districts in Can Tho City, Vietnam, between April and May 2023. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), comprising three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE; 9 items), depersonalization (DP; 5 items), and personal accomplishment (PA; 8 items). OTC medication counseling activities were evaluated using 12 questions. Of the 385 participants recruited, 22.3% reported high work intensity as a common factor contributing to burnout. Pharmacists with burnout had significantly lower medication counseling scores than those without burnout (mean = 4.35 vs. mean = 4.55, P = 0.005). Of the 12 OTC medication counseling activities, 6 activities, including inquiring about the recent medications used by the patient (P = 0.044), discouraging long-term medication use (P = 0.021), warning about the possibility of self-misdiagnosis (P < 0.001), warning about the possibility of the patient choosing the wrong treatment method (P = 0.001), providing advice on improving health (P = 0.005), and inquiring about allergies in the patient (P < 0.001), had significantly lower scores in pharmacists with burnout. There was a significant negative association between burnout and medication counseling activities. Increasing staff numbers may be a useful solution for reducing work intensity, as this factor is reported to contribute the most to burnout among current pharmacists.
{"title":"The impact of burnout on over-the-counter counseling: a survey of community pharmacists in Vietnam","authors":"Van De Tran, Trung Tin Pham, Trung Hieu Le, Thanh Thao Nguyen Thi, Minh Trung Nguyen, Duong Phuc Phan, Thi Bich Thuy Bui, Cuong Minh Nguyen, R. S. Dewey, Nguyet Tu Tran","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In many countries, self-medication is, in fact, the main service provided, exhausting pharmacist time and increasing their workload. However, there are currently no reports describing the impact of burnout on patient medication counseling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was conducted to determine the influence of burnout on over-the-counter (OTC) medication counseling services in Vietnam.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies across four districts in Can Tho City, Vietnam, between April and May 2023. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), comprising three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE; 9 items), depersonalization (DP; 5 items), and personal accomplishment (PA; 8 items). OTC medication counseling activities were evaluated using 12 questions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 385 participants recruited, 22.3% reported high work intensity as a common factor contributing to burnout. Pharmacists with burnout had significantly lower medication counseling scores than those without burnout (mean = 4.35 vs. mean = 4.55, P = 0.005). Of the 12 OTC medication counseling activities, 6 activities, including inquiring about the recent medications used by the patient (P = 0.044), discouraging long-term medication use (P = 0.021), warning about the possibility of self-misdiagnosis (P < 0.001), warning about the possibility of the patient choosing the wrong treatment method (P = 0.001), providing advice on improving health (P = 0.005), and inquiring about allergies in the patient (P < 0.001), had significantly lower scores in pharmacists with burnout.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant negative association between burnout and medication counseling activities. Increasing staff numbers may be a useful solution for reducing work intensity, as this factor is reported to contribute the most to burnout among current pharmacists.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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