Sumaya Jairoun, D. Alkhalidi, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Hanan S. Anbar
This paper aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in regard to dispensing over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics with the aim of bringing their professional knowledge up to date and promoting best practices to optimize the use of antibiotics and slow the rise in resistance. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists towards OTC Antibiotic Dispensing. Participants were issued an invitation through verified and official WhatsApp and Facebook accounts of community pharmacists residing in the United Arab Emirates to fill in a validated-web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of four sections. It aimed to gather basic demographic data, and address knowledge and practice amongst pharmacists of dispensing OTC antibiotics. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26. A total number of 438 participating community pharmacists in the study completed the whole questionnaire. The average knowledge score was 68.6% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [66.9%, 70.2%]. The average practice score was 71.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [69.5%, 73.2%]. It is recommended that several interventions are launched to promote improved prescribing behaviour, particularly ensuring that all pharmacies receive standardized guidelines on antibiotic use and inviting pharmacists to workshops and other training programmes dedicated to promoting rational drug use. Moreover, regulatory bodies must devise, enforce and monitor the implementation of policies governing how antibiotic prescriptions and patient consultations are managed by community pharmacists.
{"title":"Over-the-counter antibiotic dispensing: knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Sumaya Jairoun, D. Alkhalidi, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Hanan S. Anbar","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in regard to dispensing over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics with the aim of bringing their professional knowledge up to date and promoting best practices to optimize the use of antibiotics and slow the rise in resistance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists towards OTC Antibiotic Dispensing. Participants were issued an invitation through verified and official WhatsApp and Facebook accounts of community pharmacists residing in the United Arab Emirates to fill in a validated-web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of four sections. It aimed to gather basic demographic data, and address knowledge and practice amongst pharmacists of dispensing OTC antibiotics. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total number of 438 participating community pharmacists in the study completed the whole questionnaire. The average knowledge score was 68.6% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [66.9%, 70.2%]. The average practice score was 71.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [69.5%, 73.2%].\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is recommended that several interventions are launched to promote improved prescribing behaviour, particularly ensuring that all pharmacies receive standardized guidelines on antibiotic use and inviting pharmacists to workshops and other training programmes dedicated to promoting rational drug use. Moreover, regulatory bodies must devise, enforce and monitor the implementation of policies governing how antibiotic prescriptions and patient consultations are managed by community pharmacists.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This retrospective analysis aims to determine the accuracy of medication histories undertaken during a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) (at the point of admission) in an inpatient setting within an acute hospital. The CGA can be completed by a range of healthcare professionals, which will be directly compared. Medication reviews are an integral part of the CGA, therefore the accuracy of the history is integral to the review. A retrospective analysis of patient electronic records between October 2018 and February 2020 was conducted. The accuracy of medication histories recorded as part of the CGA completed by Advanced Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Pharmacist Practitioners and Doctors was compared. This was done using electronic records, any discrepancies were captured. Descriptive statistics were applied. Across the 50 patients and 421 medicines identified, there were 59 discrepancies; 24 (48%) patients were noted with at least one discrepancy in their medication history. An omission of current medication was the most common error (49%), followed by incorrect dose (19%) and a record of a medication not taken pre-admission (15%). The total number of prescribed medications was found to positively correlate with the rate of error (Pearson’s correlation 0.455, P > 0.001). An independent t-test determined a significant difference between the rate of errors between pharmacists and nurses (t-test: −4.48, P < 0.001). This study re-confirmed risks of medication errors when patients change care settings. This is more prevalent with higher numbers of medications, requiring greater care in instances of polypharmacy, particularly in frail patients. This can support risk stratification of patients. A difference in outcomes between pharmacists and nurses warrants further exploration to determine the reasons for this and structuring multi-disciplinary teams accordingly. Consideration to ensure that medication history taking is included as part of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner is important, particularly with the expansion of these roles in the UK.
{"title":"Determining the accuracy of a medication history at the point of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGA) within an inpatient setting on a Frailty Assessment Unit","authors":"Lucy Stratton, Nick Thayer, K. Channa","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective analysis aims to determine the accuracy of medication histories undertaken during a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) (at the point of admission) in an inpatient setting within an acute hospital. The CGA can be completed by a range of healthcare professionals, which will be directly compared. Medication reviews are an integral part of the CGA, therefore the accuracy of the history is integral to the review.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective analysis of patient electronic records between October 2018 and February 2020 was conducted. The accuracy of medication histories recorded as part of the CGA completed by Advanced Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Pharmacist Practitioners and Doctors was compared. This was done using electronic records, any discrepancies were captured. Descriptive statistics were applied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Across the 50 patients and 421 medicines identified, there were 59 discrepancies; 24 (48%) patients were noted with at least one discrepancy in their medication history. An omission of current medication was the most common error (49%), followed by incorrect dose (19%) and a record of a medication not taken pre-admission (15%). The total number of prescribed medications was found to positively correlate with the rate of error (Pearson’s correlation 0.455, P > 0.001). An independent t-test determined a significant difference between the rate of errors between pharmacists and nurses (t-test: −4.48, P < 0.001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study re-confirmed risks of medication errors when patients change care settings. This is more prevalent with higher numbers of medications, requiring greater care in instances of polypharmacy, particularly in frail patients. This can support risk stratification of patients. A difference in outcomes between pharmacists and nurses warrants further exploration to determine the reasons for this and structuring multi-disciplinary teams accordingly. Consideration to ensure that medication history taking is included as part of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner is important, particularly with the expansion of these roles in the UK.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. N. Nguyen, Cuong van Nguyen, D. T. Nguyen, Thanh Dinh Le, Quynh Thi Huong Bui
Clinical pharmacists play an important role in the optimization and individualization of treatment for heart failure patients in the multidisciplinary team. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of pharmacists’ interventions on medication adherence and adverse outcomes among heart failure patients. This is a prospective cohort study on 95 chronic heart failure patients in a national hospital of Vietnam. Participants in the intervention group received two consultations with a pharmacist on the third day of admission and one week after discharge while patients in the control group received standard care. The Vietnamese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 was applied to measure the medication adherence at the start of the study, at 2 months and 4 months post-discharge. Adverse outcomes including death and hospital readmissions were also collected during the follow-up period. Baseline adherence was 53.3% for the intervention group and 58.3% for the control group. After 2 months, 97.7% of the patients in the intervention group were adherent compared to 80.4% in the control group (P < 0.01). The adherent rates in these groups were 90.2% and 71.1% after 4 months, respectively. The intervention group had fewer combined adverse outcomes than their control counterpart, although the difference was not significant (24.4% versus 35.4%, P = 0.249). Pharmacist-led interventions improved self-reported medication adherence and might have a positive impact on outcomes among heart failure patients. Patient education and consultations should be a standard of practice to optimize treatment plans among heart failure patients.
{"title":"Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on heart failure medication adherence: a prospective cohort study","authors":"H. N. Nguyen, Cuong van Nguyen, D. T. Nguyen, Thanh Dinh Le, Quynh Thi Huong Bui","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinical pharmacists play an important role in the optimization and individualization of treatment for heart failure patients in the multidisciplinary team. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of pharmacists’ interventions on medication adherence and adverse outcomes among heart failure patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a prospective cohort study on 95 chronic heart failure patients in a national hospital of Vietnam. Participants in the intervention group received two consultations with a pharmacist on the third day of admission and one week after discharge while patients in the control group received standard care. The Vietnamese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 was applied to measure the medication adherence at the start of the study, at 2 months and 4 months post-discharge. Adverse outcomes including death and hospital readmissions were also collected during the follow-up period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Baseline adherence was 53.3% for the intervention group and 58.3% for the control group. After 2 months, 97.7% of the patients in the intervention group were adherent compared to 80.4% in the control group (P < 0.01). The adherent rates in these groups were 90.2% and 71.1% after 4 months, respectively. The intervention group had fewer combined adverse outcomes than their control counterpart, although the difference was not significant (24.4% versus 35.4%, P = 0.249).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pharmacist-led interventions improved self-reported medication adherence and might have a positive impact on outcomes among heart failure patients. Patient education and consultations should be a standard of practice to optimize treatment plans among heart failure patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor-in-Chief letter of introduction","authors":"J. Kohler","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42925545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ayoub, Yazan R Alhamdan, Sara K. Jaradat, Malak Jibreel
This study aimed to assess the knowledge of and willingness for dispensing oral anticancer drugs (OADs) among community pharmacists in Jordan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacists in community pharmacies. Five hundred pharmacists completed the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 30.4 ± 6.2 years (range 21–61). Most pharmacists had a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy (80.8%) and were staff pharmacists (61.6%). Two hundred and ten (42.0%) pharmacists indicated not receiving adequate education on OADs at the undergraduate level. The majority of respondents (79.8%) did not attend continuing education events in oncology in the past 2 years. Further, 44.6% of pharmacists never dispensed OADs in their pharmacies. The mean score of knowledge of OADs was 1.7 ± 1.9 out of 12 points (range 0–9). The vast majority of pharmacists surveyed (97.6%) had poor knowledge of OADs. Almost half of the pharmacists (49.8%) agreed or strongly agreed to be comfortable answering questions regarding cancer treatments. More than half of respondents (52.2%) feel comfortable providing patient education on OADs. Half of the respondents (49.6%) disagreed that their current pharmacy settings are equipped with the necessary tools to handle OADs. A large number of community pharmacists in Jordan lack the foundational knowledge regarding OADs. A substantial proportion of pharmacists never dispensed OADs and were not satisfied with the level of undergraduate education received regarding oncology and oral cancer therapies. Nevertheless, most pharmacists were willing to handle OADs and were positive about receiving further training/education on dispensing OADs. Collectively, efforts are needed to improve pharmacy education on oral chemotherapy and cancer care along with continuous training for pharmacists in their community settings.
{"title":"Knowledge of and willingness for dispensing oral anticancer drug therapy among community pharmacists: a cross-sectional study from Jordan","authors":"N. Ayoub, Yazan R Alhamdan, Sara K. Jaradat, Malak Jibreel","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to assess the knowledge of and willingness for dispensing oral anticancer drugs (OADs) among community pharmacists in Jordan.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacists in community pharmacies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Five hundred pharmacists completed the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 30.4 ± 6.2 years (range 21–61). Most pharmacists had a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy (80.8%) and were staff pharmacists (61.6%). Two hundred and ten (42.0%) pharmacists indicated not receiving adequate education on OADs at the undergraduate level. The majority of respondents (79.8%) did not attend continuing education events in oncology in the past 2 years. Further, 44.6% of pharmacists never dispensed OADs in their pharmacies. The mean score of knowledge of OADs was 1.7 ± 1.9 out of 12 points (range 0–9). The vast majority of pharmacists surveyed (97.6%) had poor knowledge of OADs. Almost half of the pharmacists (49.8%) agreed or strongly agreed to be comfortable answering questions regarding cancer treatments. More than half of respondents (52.2%) feel comfortable providing patient education on OADs. Half of the respondents (49.6%) disagreed that their current pharmacy settings are equipped with the necessary tools to handle OADs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A large number of community pharmacists in Jordan lack the foundational knowledge regarding OADs. A substantial proportion of pharmacists never dispensed OADs and were not satisfied with the level of undergraduate education received regarding oncology and oral cancer therapies. Nevertheless, most pharmacists were willing to handle OADs and were positive about receiving further training/education on dispensing OADs. Collectively, efforts are needed to improve pharmacy education on oral chemotherapy and cancer care along with continuous training for pharmacists in their community settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43586735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marketers strive to create a seamless experience across all marketing channels and with the notion of ‘phygital’ marketing in mind, that is building on the powers of both physical and digital worlds, the pharmaceutical industry could boost physicians’ engagement levels and positively affect their prescribing behaviour in specialty medicine, prescribed for complicated, rare diseases. This research study is an attempt to create the ultimate Omni-Channel Engagement (OCE) strategy in the pharmaceutical industry in emerging markets, while the researcher took the Egyptian market as an example. The researcher adopted qualitative research depending on in-depth interviews with industry experts, pharmaceutical marketing managers and physicians to have a deeper insight and more comprehensive understanding of OCE strategy success factors and challenges. Communication tools that appealed to the cognitive and behavioural attitude components of physicians are more powerful in shaping physicians prescribing attitude. As the research was concerned with drugs associated with specialty pharmaceutical market, where both the disease area and the medication are complicated and hence the product (medication) is considered a high-involvement product; communication tools that affect the cognitive and behavioural components of physicians’ attitude have a higher impact on physicians’ brand engagement levels and are most likely to lead physicians to prescribe the drug. OCE has an incremental impact over the traditional promotional mix with regard to physicians’ prescribing behaviours and habits, justified by the direct impact on physicians’ cognitive and behavioural attitude components.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of Omni-Channel Engagement strategy on physicians’ prescribing behaviour in specialty pharmaceutical industry in emerging market","authors":"Khaled Samy Soliman, Alaa Tarek Erakat","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Marketers strive to create a seamless experience across all marketing channels and with the notion of ‘phygital’ marketing in mind, that is building on the powers of both physical and digital worlds, the pharmaceutical industry could boost physicians’ engagement levels and positively affect their prescribing behaviour in specialty medicine, prescribed for complicated, rare diseases. This research study is an attempt to create the ultimate Omni-Channel Engagement (OCE) strategy in the pharmaceutical industry in emerging markets, while the researcher took the Egyptian market as an example.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The researcher adopted qualitative research depending on in-depth interviews with industry experts, pharmaceutical marketing managers and physicians to have a deeper insight and more comprehensive understanding of OCE strategy success factors and challenges.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Communication tools that appealed to the cognitive and behavioural attitude components of physicians are more powerful in shaping physicians prescribing attitude.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 As the research was concerned with drugs associated with specialty pharmaceutical market, where both the disease area and the medication are complicated and hence the product (medication) is considered a high-involvement product; communication tools that affect the cognitive and behavioural components of physicians’ attitude have a higher impact on physicians’ brand engagement levels and are most likely to lead physicians to prescribe the drug. OCE has an incremental impact over the traditional promotional mix with regard to physicians’ prescribing behaviours and habits, justified by the direct impact on physicians’ cognitive and behavioural attitude components.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48101411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to assess treatment satisfaction, medication adherence and drug utilization amongst glaucoma patients receiving care at secondary health facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst glaucoma patients attending eye clinics of General Hospital Ilorin and Civil Service Hospital Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria from October 2020 to January 2021. Three hundred and eleven patients were enrolled in the study. Sampling was based on convenience as dictated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical permission and informed consent were obtained before data collection. Validated instruments of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication were used during the data collection process. Descriptive and Chi-square analyses were employed. Amongst the 311 patients studied 184(59.2%) were females with a mean age of 63.79 ± 14.89 years. Timolol eye drop was the drug of choice for monotherapy in (8.7%) of patients. Combination therapy of beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors had the highest number (59.5%) of prescriptions. More than half (55.6%) of the patients were adherents. Participants reported being more satisfied with their anti-glaucoma therapy in the domain of global satisfaction (62.89 ± 21.85) followed by medication effectiveness (62.67 ± 20.78) and convenience (60.16 ± 15.79) while medication side effects had the least score (17.17 ± 11.09). There is a statistically significant relationship between patient satisfaction with treatment and medication adherence at P= 0.001. Combination therapy was the most frequently utilized anti-glaucoma agent. Most of the patients adhered to their medications and were satisfied with the treatment received.
{"title":"Drug utilization, medication adherence and treatment satisfaction amongst glaucoma patients receiving care at secondary health facilities","authors":"S. Bello, W. Ojieabu, H. Yusuf","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to assess treatment satisfaction, medication adherence and drug utilization amongst glaucoma patients receiving care at secondary health facilities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst glaucoma patients attending eye clinics of General Hospital Ilorin and Civil Service Hospital Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria from October 2020 to January 2021. Three hundred and eleven patients were enrolled in the study. Sampling was based on convenience as dictated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical permission and informed consent were obtained before data collection. Validated instruments of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication were used during the data collection process. Descriptive and Chi-square analyses were employed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Amongst the 311 patients studied 184(59.2%) were females with a mean age of 63.79 ± 14.89 years. Timolol eye drop was the drug of choice for monotherapy in (8.7%) of patients. Combination therapy of beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors had the highest number (59.5%) of prescriptions. More than half (55.6%) of the patients were adherents. Participants reported being more satisfied with their anti-glaucoma therapy in the domain of global satisfaction (62.89 ± 21.85) followed by medication effectiveness (62.67 ± 20.78) and convenience (60.16 ± 15.79) while medication side effects had the least score (17.17 ± 11.09). There is a statistically significant relationship between patient satisfaction with treatment and medication adherence at P= 0.001.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Combination therapy was the most frequently utilized anti-glaucoma agent. Most of the patients adhered to their medications and were satisfied with the treatment received.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Karattuthodi, G. Krishnan, Aiswarya A V, S. C, S. S. Nair, Shabeer Ali Thorakkatil, Savera I Arain
To display virtual pharmaceutical care programs implemented by pharmacists across the world. Accordingly, a search in PubMed, Scopus and Embase with keywords such as ‘'Pharmacist', ‘Pharmaceutical care’, ‘Virtual platform’ and its associated medical subject headings retrieved appropriate articles. The quality of each filtered article were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. A total of 2 14 841 articles were identified through database screening and 16 articles were extracted and finalized. Twelve papers presented different forms of electronic medical record-based virtual pharmacy systems that had significantly contributed to patient care; minimizing medication errors, rectifying adverse events, modifying drug administration patterns to reduce the fatality of drug–drug interaction and further promoting medication counselling. Nevertheless, few studies had social media platforms for providing clinical pharmacy services that depicted good patient satisfaction. Additionally, we were also able to portray community pharmacies that transformed themselves to provide better and easily accessible pharmaceutical care to their society. There are limited numbers of peer-reviewed articles on pharmacist-operated virtual systems. However, owing to the benefits imparted to patient safety and care by the virtual pharmacy in the era of pandemic, it is highly recommended that more pharmacy professionals contribute and implement such programs in their settings. CRD42022307175.
{"title":"A systematic review on pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care optimization through virtual platforms","authors":"M. Karattuthodi, G. Krishnan, Aiswarya A V, S. C, S. S. Nair, Shabeer Ali Thorakkatil, Savera I Arain","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To display virtual pharmaceutical care programs implemented by pharmacists across the world. Accordingly, a search in PubMed, Scopus and Embase with keywords such as ‘'Pharmacist', ‘Pharmaceutical care’, ‘Virtual platform’ and its associated medical subject headings retrieved appropriate articles. The quality of each filtered article were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 2 14 841 articles were identified through database screening and 16 articles were extracted and finalized. Twelve papers presented different forms of electronic medical record-based virtual pharmacy systems that had significantly contributed to patient care; minimizing medication errors, rectifying adverse events, modifying drug administration patterns to reduce the fatality of drug–drug interaction and further promoting medication counselling. Nevertheless, few studies had social media platforms for providing clinical pharmacy services that depicted good patient satisfaction. Additionally, we were also able to portray community pharmacies that transformed themselves to provide better and easily accessible pharmaceutical care to their society.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There are limited numbers of peer-reviewed articles on pharmacist-operated virtual systems. However, owing to the benefits imparted to patient safety and care by the virtual pharmacy in the era of pandemic, it is highly recommended that more pharmacy professionals contribute and implement such programs in their settings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 CRD42022307175.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49069401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asnakew Achaw Ayele, Md Shahidul Islam, Suzanne Cosh, Leah East
Abstract Objectives In countries with high maternal mortality and a shortage of healthcare professionals, community pharmacy professionals can provide important maternal healthcare services within their scope of practice. Evidence of community pharmacy professionals’ level of involvement in maternal health service provision in Ethiopia is limited. This study aimed to assess the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals in providing maternal health services in Ethiopia. Methods A multi-centre cross-sectional survey of 238 community pharmacy professionals was conducted from March to July 2020 in 6 cities of Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the mean difference. Key findings Most community pharmacy professionals were either ‘involved’ in advising about vitamins (53.4%), provision of contraceptives (52.9%), advising about lifestyle changes (46.2%), responding to minor symptoms (47.5%), nutritional advice during pregnancy (45.0%) and breastfeeding guidance or ‘very involved’ in advising about screening for chronic disease (41.6%). However, the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals differed according to study participants’ educational qualification/s, years of experience, licensure level, setting type, responsibility in the facility and previous training exposure about maternal health services. Conclusions Community pharmacy professionals in Ethiopia are involved in providing various maternal health services highlighting the importance that pharmacists can play in improving access and care within this context. However, government attention is needed to enhance their role through policy support and capacity building to improve the quality of service provided which could contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality.
{"title":"Involvement of community pharmacy professionals in maternal health service provision in Ethiopia: a multi-centre cross-sectional survey","authors":"Asnakew Achaw Ayele, Md Shahidul Islam, Suzanne Cosh, Leah East","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives In countries with high maternal mortality and a shortage of healthcare professionals, community pharmacy professionals can provide important maternal healthcare services within their scope of practice. Evidence of community pharmacy professionals’ level of involvement in maternal health service provision in Ethiopia is limited. This study aimed to assess the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals in providing maternal health services in Ethiopia. Methods A multi-centre cross-sectional survey of 238 community pharmacy professionals was conducted from March to July 2020 in 6 cities of Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the mean difference. Key findings Most community pharmacy professionals were either ‘involved’ in advising about vitamins (53.4%), provision of contraceptives (52.9%), advising about lifestyle changes (46.2%), responding to minor symptoms (47.5%), nutritional advice during pregnancy (45.0%) and breastfeeding guidance or ‘very involved’ in advising about screening for chronic disease (41.6%). However, the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals differed according to study participants’ educational qualification/s, years of experience, licensure level, setting type, responsibility in the facility and previous training exposure about maternal health services. Conclusions Community pharmacy professionals in Ethiopia are involved in providing various maternal health services highlighting the importance that pharmacists can play in improving access and care within this context. However, government attention is needed to enhance their role through policy support and capacity building to improve the quality of service provided which could contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality.","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135583839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahariar Mohammed Fahim, Jingjing Qian, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Peng Zeng, Fang-Ju Lin, Cassidi C McDaniel, Chiahung Chou
Abstract Objective This study examined the associations between mortality (all-cause and breast cancer-specific) and different antidiabetic medication use before breast cancer diagnosis. Methods This study used a longitudinal, retrospective cohort design. Linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare databases from 2007 to 2013 were used to identify female beneficiaries who had continuous Medicare enrollment, a new breast cancer diagnosis between 2008 and 2013, and exposure to the antidiabetic medication. Different classes of antidiabetic medications from one year before their breast cancer diagnosis were considered as users while all other non-users were excluded. Both all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality were treated as outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality and sub-distribution hazards models for breast cancer-specific mortality were employed to estimate both unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risks of survival outcomes, controlling for severity of diabetes and other covariates. Key findings A total of 1715 women with breast cancer used antidiabetic medications one year before their breast cancer diagnosis. Compared to metformin, women using insulin, sulfonylurea and combination treatments before their breast cancer diagnosis had a higher risk for all-cause mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio, aHR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.29, 2.07; aHR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.04, 1.75 and aHR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.14, 1.83, respectively). Women with advanced-stage breast cancer and higher levels of diabetes severity were more likely to get all-cause mortality (all P < 0.05). Women with combination treatments had a statistically higher risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (aHR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.05, 2.19) than metformin users. Conclusions Among women with breast cancer, mortality risk is associated with pre-diagnosis exposure to different types of antidiabetic medications.
摘要目的探讨乳腺癌诊断前不同抗糖尿病药物使用与死亡率(全因和乳腺癌特异性)的关系。方法采用纵向、回顾性队列设计。关联监测，流行病学和最终结果(SEER)- 2007年至2013年的医疗保险数据库用于确定连续参加医疗保险，2008年至2013年期间新诊断为乳腺癌并暴露于抗糖尿病药物的女性受益人。在乳腺癌诊断前一年使用的不同种类的抗糖尿病药物被认为是使用者，而所有其他非使用者都被排除在外。全因死亡率和乳腺癌特异性死亡率均被视为结果。采用全因死亡率的Cox比例风险模型和乳腺癌特异性死亡率的亚分布风险模型来估计未调整和调整的生存结局风险的风险比和95%置信区间(CI)，控制糖尿病的严重程度和其他协变量。共有1715名患有乳腺癌的女性在乳腺癌诊断前一年服用了抗糖尿病药物。与二甲双胍相比，在乳腺癌诊断前使用胰岛素、磺脲类药物和联合治疗的女性全因死亡率更高(校正风险比，aHR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.29, 2.07;aHR分别为1.35,95% CI 1.04, 1.75和aHR分别为1.44,95% CI 1.14, 1.83)。患有晚期乳腺癌和糖尿病严重程度较高的女性更有可能出现全因死亡率(all P <0.05)。与使用二甲双胍的女性相比，接受联合治疗的女性乳腺癌特异性死亡率的风险在统计学上更高(aHR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.05, 2.19)。结论:在乳腺癌女性患者中，死亡风险与诊断前接触不同类型的抗糖尿病药物有关。
{"title":"Associations between antidiabetic medication use and breast cancer survival outcomes among medicare beneficiaries","authors":"Shahariar Mohammed Fahim, Jingjing Qian, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Peng Zeng, Fang-Ju Lin, Cassidi C McDaniel, Chiahung Chou","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmad002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective This study examined the associations between mortality (all-cause and breast cancer-specific) and different antidiabetic medication use before breast cancer diagnosis. Methods This study used a longitudinal, retrospective cohort design. Linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare databases from 2007 to 2013 were used to identify female beneficiaries who had continuous Medicare enrollment, a new breast cancer diagnosis between 2008 and 2013, and exposure to the antidiabetic medication. Different classes of antidiabetic medications from one year before their breast cancer diagnosis were considered as users while all other non-users were excluded. Both all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality were treated as outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality and sub-distribution hazards models for breast cancer-specific mortality were employed to estimate both unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risks of survival outcomes, controlling for severity of diabetes and other covariates. Key findings A total of 1715 women with breast cancer used antidiabetic medications one year before their breast cancer diagnosis. Compared to metformin, women using insulin, sulfonylurea and combination treatments before their breast cancer diagnosis had a higher risk for all-cause mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio, aHR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.29, 2.07; aHR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.04, 1.75 and aHR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.14, 1.83, respectively). Women with advanced-stage breast cancer and higher levels of diabetes severity were more likely to get all-cause mortality (all P &lt; 0.05). Women with combination treatments had a statistically higher risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (aHR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.05, 2.19) than metformin users. Conclusions Among women with breast cancer, mortality risk is associated with pre-diagnosis exposure to different types of antidiabetic medications.","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135583840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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